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Gene Dmel\lab

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\lab	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	labial	Annotation symbol	CG1264
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0002522
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	12 publicly available
Also Known As	DmLab, F90-2
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3R	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	84A1-84A1	Sequence location	3R:2,487,149..2,504,312 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene labial is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\lab (CG1264, FBgn0002522). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity; protein heterodimerization activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; embryo development; brain development; brain segmentation. 37 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system; organ system subdivision; adult segment; cephalopharyngeal skeleton; larval head segment; portion of tissue; non-connected developing system; embryonic/larval hemocoel; epithelial cell; adult. It has 2 annotated transcripts and 2 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Homeobox, conserved site; Homeodomain; Homeodomain, metazoa; Homeodomain-like. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderate expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed within 12-24 hour embryonic stages, during early larval stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval midgut. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1635679_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of lab. Gene sequence location is 3R:2487149..2504312.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	lab: labial Null mutations act as recessive embryonic lethals. Animals survive to the end of embryogenesis and have normal thoracic, abdominal, and caudal segments. However, the head is abnormal, and shows defects in derivatives of all of the gnathocephalic segments. There is no obvious homeotic transformation in these animals. Analysis of earlier stages shows abnormalities in the process of head involution. X-ray-induced clones of lab- cells demonstrate that lab function is unnecessary for the development of the adult thorax and abdomen. However, clones in the head fail to develop normally and show deletions in the maxilla and eye. Dorsally the posterior head capsule is transformed toward an apparent thoracic identity. A temperature conditional allele has been used to show a temperature critical period between 6 and 14 hours of embryogenesis. This period coincides with an interval in which head involution, a process disrupted by lab-, takes place. Antisera raised to lab protein have shown it to initially accumulated just anterior to the gnathocephalic region of the germ band at the early stages of segmentation. This protein also is found in a row of cells extending above the gnathal region in the procephalic lobe and more dorsally into the dorsal ridge. As segmentation, germ-band shortening and head involution proceed, the cells expressing the protein are involved in the process complexities of head involution. Finally at the end of morphogenesis, lab positive cells are found in the lateral aspects of the pharynx, the tritocerebral ganglia of the CNS, and the frontal sac. In addition to this expression in the head, lab protein is also found in endodermal cells at the posterior of the anterior midgut and the anterior cells of the posterior midgut. The position and movements of the cephalic cells accumulating lab is consistent with the interpretation that this locus is expressed in the intercalary or most anterior of the gnathal segments.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 84A1-84A1   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}casj1C2 and P{PZ}lab01241
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 84A1-84A2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Spradling et al., 1999) 84A1-84A2     (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) 84A1-84A2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Diederich et al., 1989) 84A-84A   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Mlodzik et al., 1988) 84A1-84A2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Hoey et al., 1986)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\lab for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.50 An alternative transcript described in FBrf0047938 appears not to be encoded by the sequenced strain; a region of sequence polymorphism eliminates the alternative splice acceptor site.
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) lab-RA FBtr0081696  NM_057265   2775   629 lab-RB FBtr0308035  NM_001260024   1586   213
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	3.0 (northern blot) (Mlodzik et al., 1988, Diederich et al., 1989) 2.8, 1.2, 0.8 (northern blot) (Hoey et al., 1986)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein lab-PA   FBpp0081194   67.5   629   7.83     NP_476613   AAF54098 lab-PB   FBpp0300396   22.3   213   10.18     NP_001246953   AFH06272
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	629 (aa); 68 (kD predicted) (Diederich et al., 1989)
Comments	dpp, and indirectly Ubx are required for lab expression in the midgut epithelium. (Immergluck et al., 1990)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Homeobox, conserved site (IPR017970) Homeodomain (IPR001356) Homeodomain-like (IPR009057) Homeodomain, metazoa (IPR020479)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE014297 AAF54098   AC001652   AE001572 AAD19811   AE014297 AFH06272   AY095089 AAM11417   BI375946   CO268935   CO306026   CO314458   CO342269   EC059619   EC237974   EC248706   EC253545   G01161   GH742899   GH743304   GH744735   GH745306   GH745644   GH746324   GH762295   GH762604   GH766611   M13570 AAA28610   X13103 CAA31495   X13104 CAB57786   X13104 CAB57787   X13105 CAB57787   X13106 CAB57787
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P10105
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References protein binding site FBsf0000160448 3R:2,507,343..2,507,376 bound_moiety=brk-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2005, Sivasankaran et al., 2000) protein binding site FBsf0000160449 3R:2,507,579..2,507,596 bound_moiety=brk-XP evidence=experimental (Sivasankaran et al., 2000, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000160450 3R:2,507,229..2,507,244 bound_moiety=brk-XP evidence=experimental (Sivasankaran et al., 2000, Bergman et al., 2005) regulatory region FBsf0000161235 3R:2,506,698..2,507,916 evidence=experimental comment=midgut expression element linked_to=HindIII-EcoRV_rfrag (Tremml and Bienz, 1992, Chouinard and Kaufman, 1991) regulatory region FBsf0000161239 3R:2,504,308..2,507,873 evidence=experimental comment=fragment extends from an EcoRI site to the transcription start (Chouinard and Kaufman, 1991) regulatory region FBsf0000161238 3R:2,504,308..2,507,873 linked_to=EcoRI-EcoRI_rfrag evidence=experimental comment=fragment extends from an EcoRI site to the transcription start (Chouinard and Kaufman, 1991) regulatory region FBsf0000161236 3R:2,507,354..2,507,592 evidence=experimental comment=fragment extends from an EcoRI site to the transcription start comment=dpp response element linked_to=NarI-BstXI_rfrag (Tremml and Bienz, 1992, Chouinard and Kaufman, 1991) regulatory region FBsf0000161237 3R:2,504,308..2,506,732 evidence=experimental comment=procephalon expression maintenance element comment=fragment extends from an EcoRI site to the transcription start comment=fragment extends from an EcoRI site to the transcription start (Chouinard and Kaufman, 1991) regulatory region FBsf0000161182 3R:2,503,313..2,504,298 comment=imaginal disc repressor element evidence=experimental (Chouinard and Kaufman, 1991) regulatory region FBsf0000161179 3R:2,493,265..2,501,004 comment=dorsal ridge expression element evidence=experimental linked_to=EcoRI-EcoRI_rfrag (Chouinard and Kaufman, 1991) regulatory region FBsf0000161180 3R:2,493,265..2,495,265 comment=posterior midgut expression element evidence=experimental (Chouinard and Kaufman, 1991) regulatory region FBsf0000161181 3R:2,492,721..2,493,270 comment=late embryonic head expression element evidence=experimental linked_to=EcoRI-EcoRI_rfrag (Chouinard and Kaufman, 1991) regulatory region FBsf0000161231 3R:2,492,721..2,493,270 linked_to=EcoRI-EcoRI_rfrag comment=late embryonic head expression element evidence=experimental (Chouinard and Kaufman, 1991) regulatory region FBsf0000161240 3R:2,506,698..2,507,916 linked_to=HindIII-EcoRV_rfrag comment=midgut expression element evidence=experimental (Tremml and Bienz, 1992) regulatory region FBsf0000161242 3R:2,507,354..2,507,592 evidence=experimental linked_to=NarI-BstXI_rfrag comment=dpp response element (Tremml and Bienz, 1992) regulatory region FBsf0000435497 3R:2,491,778..2,492,721 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Chouinard and Kaufman, 1991, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435511 3R:2,507,166..2,507,664 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Grieder et al., 1997, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435625 3R:2,507,119..2,507,213 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Grieder et al., 1997, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435681 3R:2,507,117..2,507,663 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Tremml and Bienz, 1992, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435692 3R:2,504,283..2,507,911 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Chouinard and Kaufman, 1991, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435748 3R:2,506,732..2,507,868 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Chouinard and Kaufman, 1991, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435761 3R:2,504,260..2,507,869 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Chouinard and Kaufman, 1991, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435813 3R:2,493,265..2,500,999 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Chouinard and Kaufman, 1991, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435820 3R:2,507,221..2,507,269 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Marty et al., 2001, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435862 3R:2,493,265..2,495,639 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Chouinard and Kaufman, 1991, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435914 3R:2,492,721..2,493,265 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Chouinard and Kaufman, 1991, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435980 3R:2,504,046..2,507,912 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Tremml and Bienz, 1992, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436222 3R:2,507,361..2,507,588 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Tremml and Bienz, 1992, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436262 3R:2,507,570..2,507,617 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Marty et al., 2001, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436269 3R:2,507,119..2,507,204 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Grieder et al., 1997, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436621 3R:2,504,046..2,506,732 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Tremml and Bienz, 1992, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436838 3R:2,507,119..2,507,512 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Marty et al., 2001, Halfon, 2012.6.19)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	EPD - Eukarytoic Promoter Database, an annotated collection of POL II promoters • 23029
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   abdominal segment 1 -- abdominal segment 8   (Roder et al., 1992) Comment:dorsal expression posterior midgut primordium   (Mlodzik et al., 1988) embryonic procephalic segment | precursor   (Mlodzik et al., 1988) hypopharyngeal lobe | precursor   (Mlodzik et al., 1988) embryonic stage 4 -- 6   hypopharynx anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | faint & ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) posterior ectoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:anlage in statu nascendi embryonic stage 7 -- 8   anterior endoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) foregut anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) hypopharynx anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) posterior endoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral ectoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 9 -- 10   anterior endoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) foregut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) hypopharynx inclusive primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) posterior endoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 9 -- 14   embryonic intercalary segment   (Sprecher et al., 2004) embryonic/larval midgut primordium   (Sprecher et al., 2004) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   anterior midgut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) hypopharynx proper primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) posterior midgut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 13   parasegment 7   (Arquier et al., 2001) embryonic intercalary segment   (Arquier et al., 2001) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   embryonic/larval midgut   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval midgut interstitial cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 15 -- 16   central nervous system   (Hoey et al., 1986) Comment:reference states 12-14 hr AEL embryonic/larval midgut   (Hoey et al., 1986) Comment:reference states 12-14 hr AEL northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   embryonic mandibular segment   (Mlodzik et al., 1988) embryonic stage & larval stage & pupal stage     (Mlodzik et al., 1988) embryonic stage 1 -- 17     (Hoey et al., 1986) Comment:reference states 0-24 hr AEL embryonic stage 4 -- 17     (Hoey et al., 1986) Comment:reference states 2-24 hr AEL embryonic stage 5 -- 9     (Diederich et al., 1989) Comment:reference states >=2-4 hr AEL embryonic stage 9 -- 11   cephalic furrow | anterior to   (Mlodzik et al., 1988) larval stage & pupal stage     (Diederich et al., 1989)
Additional Descriptive Data
	lab transcripts are first detected at 2-4 hr of embryogenesis. Expression has peaked by 6-8 hr, and remains constant until 16-20 hr of embryogenesis. Levels of lab transcript decline by 20-24 hr of embryogenesis, and remain at lower levels through larval stages. Transcript levels are low in pupae and transcript is undetectable in adults. (Diederich et al., 1989) lab transcripts are first detected in ~3hr embryos and continue to be expressed through embryogenesis. A second peak of expression occurs in third instar larvae. Transcripts are detected weakly in pupae and not in adults. Transcripts are first detected by in situ hybridization in the cellular blastoderm embryo in ventro-lateral cells between 74-83% egg length and also in the most posterior somatic cells. The anterior region corresponds to the anlagen of the anterior mandibular lobe, the hypopharyngeal lobe and probably lateral parts of the procephalic lobe. During germ band extension, lab transcripts are observed just anterior to the cephalic furrow and in the invaginating posterior midgut. Expression in these regions persists as the germ band retracts. (Mlodzik et al., 1988) This major lab transcript is expressed through most stages of embryonic development with highest levels between 3 and 12 hours. Transcript is detected in the central nervous system posterior to the brain and in the epithelial cells of the middle midgut. Weak signal is also detected in the posterior midgut. (Hoey et al., 1986) Ectopic expression of lab transcripts is seen in midline cells and tracheal placodes of the trunk region in tsh mutants and in the posterior and dorsal part of the prothoracic segment in Antp mutants. In tsh Antp double mutants, lab is expressed ectopically in parasegments 4-13 due to the loss of tsh and more extensively in parasegments 4 and 5 due to loss of Antp. lab expression is unchanged in BXC mutants but ectopic lab expression is observed in the dorsal parts of trunk segments in Antp BXC mutant embryos and in Scr Antp BXC mutant embryos. In tsh Antp BXC mutants, there is more extensive ectopic expression in parasegments 4-13 than in tsh* mutations alone and when Scr function is removed as well, an additional patch of expression is observed in parasegment 3. (Roder et al., 1992)
Marker for
	parasegment 7 embryonic intercalary segment
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   midgut   (Immergluck et al., 1990) embryonic stage | mid -- embryonic stage | late   endoderm | anterior   (Reuter et al., 1990) endoderm of parasegment 7 -- parasegment 12   (Panganiban et al., 1990) immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system | restricted   (Diederich et al., 1989) embryonic stage 9 -- 11   procephalic segment | restricted   (Diederich et al., 1989) posterior midgut primordium   (Diederich et al., 1989) anterior midgut primordium   (Diederich et al., 1989) tritocerebral neuroblast   (Urbach and Technau, 2003) deuterocerebral neuroblast | subset   (Urbach and Technau, 2003) ectoderm & intercalary segment   (Urbach and Technau, 2003) embryonic stage 11   posterior midgut primordium   (Immergluck et al., 1990) midgut primordium   (Immergluck et al., 1990) embryonic stage 12   embryonic/larval midgut | restricted   (Diederich et al., 1989) dorsal ridge   (Diederich et al., 1989) midgut   (Belenkaya et al., 2002) embryonic stage 12 -- 14   epithelial cell of embryonic/larval midgut primordium   • nucleus (Immergluck et al., 1990) visceral mesoderm   • nucleus (Immergluck et al., 1990) embryonic stage 13 -- 14   embryonic/larval midgut primordium   (Sprecher et al., 2004) embryonic tritocerebrum   (Sprecher et al., 2004) embryonic/larval sense organ | precursor   (Diederich et al., 1989) parasegment 7 of visceral mesoderm   (Marty et al., 2001) Comment:expression abuts that of dpp embryonic stage 14   parasegment 7 of visceral mesoderm   (Immergluck et al., 1990) embryonic stage 16   midgut constriction 2   (Immergluck et al., 1990)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Nuclear localization of lab protein in the endoderm first becomes detectable in late embryonic stage 12. (Panganiban et al., 1990, Immergluck et al., 1990) lab protein expression during embryogenesis is restricted to ectodermal and endodermal derivatives. lab protein is first detected at stage 9 of embryogenesis, in the posterior and anterior midgut primordia, and in the ventral and lateral regions of the procephalic lobe. At stage 12, expression is detected in a discrete section of the midgut, and in the dorsal ridge. The cells in the procephalic lobe expressing lab protein begin to differentiate into epidermal and neural populations at stage 12. The complex pattern of lab expression in the head region as it undergoes the complex process of head involution is described. lab expression is also detected in progenitor sensory cells of the clypeolabrum, thoracic segments, and the tail region. (Diederich et al., 1989) Expression in procephalic neuroblasts stage 9-11: tritocerebrum - d1-8, v1-5 (all); deuterocerebrum - v2, v4 (Urbach and Technau, 2003) lab protein accumulates in the outer layer of the endoderm which underlies parasegment 7 of the visceral mesoderm (where dpp protein is expressed). When dpp is ectopically expressed in the anterior visceral mesoderm as a consequence of ectopic Ubx expression, the labial domain is extended anteriorly to include most of the anterior endoderm underlying the visceral mesoderm. (Reuter et al., 1990) lab is expressed in a stripe in the midgut and its expression is restricted to the midgut epithelium and is not detectable in the visceral mesoderm. lab expression coextends with Ubx expression in the adhering mesodermal cell layer. In late stage 12, a gradient of nuclear lab protein forms with the highest protein levels at the posterior end of the domain in parasegment 8. lab expression is abolished in the midgut epithelium of Ubx and dpps4 mutants. It extends anteriorly in a Pc mutant and posteriorly in an abd-A mutant showing that Ubx expression is sufficient to induce lab expression in the adhering midgut epithelium. The overall level, the protein gradient and the nuclear localization of lab protein are decreased in wg mutants. (Immergluck et al., 1990)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from direct assay (Immergluck et al., 1990)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval midgut. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    12.875 Larval Midgut    165.4 Larval Hindgut    2.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.4 Larval Fat Body    1.8 Larval Salivary Gland    2 Larval Trachea    1.6 Larval Carcass    2 Adult Head    15.9 Adult Eye    5.375 Adult Brain    14 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    2 Adult Crop    5.9 Adult Midgut    94.6 Adult Hindgut    1.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.5 Adult Fat Body    7.7 Adult Salivary Gland    14 Adult Heart    1.575 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1.6 Adult Ovary    1.2 Adult Testis    10.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.1 Adult Carcass    5.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    12.875 Larval Midgut    165.4 Larval Hindgut    2.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.4 Larval Fat Body    1.8 Larval Salivary Gland    2 Larval Trachea    1.6 Larval Carcass    2 Adult Head    15.9 Adult Eye    5.375 Adult Brain    14 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    2 Adult Crop    5.9 Adult Midgut    94.6 Adult Hindgut    1.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.5 Adult Fat Body    7.7 Adult Salivary Gland    14 Adult Heart    1.575 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1.6 Adult Ovary    1.2 Adult Testis    10.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.1 Adult Carcass    5.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    12.875 Larval Midgut    165.4 Larval Hindgut    2.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.4 Larval Fat Body    1.8 Larval Salivary Gland    2 Larval Trachea    1.6 Larval Carcass    2 Adult Head    15.9 Adult Eye    5.375 Adult Brain    14 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    2 Adult Crop    5.9 Adult Midgut    94.6 Adult Hindgut    1.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.5 Adult Fat Body    7.7 Adult Salivary Gland    14 Adult Heart    1.575 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1.6 Adult Ovary    1.2 Adult Testis    10.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.1 Adult Carcass    5.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    12.875 Larval Midgut    165.4 Larval Hindgut    2.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.4 Larval Fat Body    1.8 Larval Salivary Gland    2 Larval Trachea    1.6 Larval Carcass    2 Adult Head    15.9 Adult Eye    5.375 Adult Brain    14 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    2 Adult Crop    5.9 Adult Midgut    94.6 Adult Hindgut    1.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.5 Adult Fat Body    7.7 Adult Salivary Gland    14 Adult Heart    1.575 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1.6 Adult Ovary    1.2 Adult Testis    10.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.1 Adult Carcass    5.2 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    12.875 Larval Midgut    165.4 Larval Hindgut    2.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.4 Larval Fat Body    1.8 Larval Salivary Gland    2 Larval Trachea    1.6 Larval Carcass    2 Adult Head    15.9 Adult Eye    5.375 Adult Brain    14 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    2 Adult Crop    5.9 Adult Midgut    94.6 Adult Hindgut    1.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.5 Adult Fat Body    7.7 Adult Salivary Gland    14 Adult Heart    1.575 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1.6 Adult Ovary    1.2 Adult Testis    10.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.1 Adult Carcass    5.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    12.875 Larval Midgut    165.4 Larval Hindgut    2.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.4 Larval Fat Body    1.8 Larval Salivary Gland    2 Larval Trachea    1.6 Larval Carcass    2 Adult Head    15.9 Adult Eye    5.375 Adult Brain    14 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    2 Adult Crop    5.9 Adult Midgut    94.6 Adult Hindgut    1.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.5 Adult Fat Body    7.7 Adult Salivary Gland    14 Adult Heart    1.575 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1.6 Adult Ovary    1.2 Adult Testis    10.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.1 Adult Carcass    5.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    12.875 Larval Midgut    165.4 Larval Hindgut    2.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.4 Larval Fat Body    1.8 Larval Salivary Gland    2 Larval Trachea    1.6 Larval Carcass    2 Adult Head    15.9 Adult Eye    5.375 Adult Brain    14 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    2 Adult Crop    5.9 Adult Midgut    94.6 Adult Hindgut    1.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.5 Adult Fat Body    7.7 Adult Salivary Gland    14 Adult Heart    1.575 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1.6 Adult Ovary    1.2 Adult Testis    10.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.1 Adult Carcass    5.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    12.875 Larval Midgut    165.4 Larval Hindgut    2.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.4 Larval Fat Body    1.8 Larval Salivary Gland    2 Larval Trachea    1.6 Larval Carcass    2 Adult Head    15.9 Adult Eye    5.375 Adult Brain    14 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    2 Adult Crop    5.9 Adult Midgut    94.6 Adult Hindgut    1.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.5 Adult Fat Body    7.7 Adult Salivary Gland    14 Adult Heart    1.575 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1.6 Adult Ovary    1.2 Adult Testis    10.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.1 Adult Carcass    5.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    15.9   NA  Eye    5.375   NA  Brain    14   12.875  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    2   NA  Crop    5.9   165.4  Midgut    94.6   2.7  Hindgut    1.7   1.4  Malpighian Tubules    1.5   1.8  Fat Body    7.7   2  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    1.575   1.6  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.2   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1.6   NA  Ovary    1.2   NA  Testis    10.7   NA  Male Accessory Gland    4.1   2  Carcass    5.2 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    1 head, virgin 4-day female    1 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    1 head, mated 4-day male    1 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    3 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    4 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    1 head, virgin 4-day female    1 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    1 head, mated 4-day male    1 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    3 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    4 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    1 head, virgin 4-day female    1 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    1 head, mated 4-day male    1 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    3 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    4 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    1 head, virgin 4-day female    1 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    1 head, mated 4-day male    1 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    3 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    4 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    1 head, virgin 4-day female    1 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    1 head, mated 4-day male    1 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    3 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    4 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    1 head, virgin 4-day female    1 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    1 head, mated 4-day male    1 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    3 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    4 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    1 head, virgin 4-day female    1 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    1 head, mated 4-day male    1 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    3 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    4 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    1 head, virgin 4-day female    1 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    1 head, mated 4-day male    1 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    3 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    4 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderate expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed within 12-24 hour embryonic stages, during early larval stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    5 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    5 embryo 14-16hr    8 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    6 larva L1    6 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    1 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    1 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    5 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    5 embryo 14-16hr    8 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    6 larva L1    6 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    1 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    1 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    5 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    5 embryo 14-16hr    8 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    6 larva L1    6 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    1 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    1 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    5 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    5 embryo 14-16hr    8 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    6 larva L1    6 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    1 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    1 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    5 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    5 embryo 14-16hr    8 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    6 larva L1    6 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    1 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    1 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    5 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    5 embryo 14-16hr    8 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    6 larva L1    6 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    1 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    1 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    5 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    5 embryo 14-16hr    8 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    6 larva L1    6 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    1 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    1 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    5 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    5 embryo 14-16hr    8 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    6 larva L1    6 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    1 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    1 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_09 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_06
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • RE63854 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0002522 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG1264-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for lab Stages(s) 1-3 Stages(s) 4-6 Stages(s) 7-8 Stages(s) 9-10 Stages(s) 11-12 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal, with Scer\GAL469B labScer\UAS.cMa lethal, with Scer\GAL4l(3)31-1-31-1 labScer\UAS.cMa lethal | embryonic stage | recessive lab14 lethal | heat sensitive lab2 lethal | heat sensitive (with lab2) lab14 lethal | heat sensitive (with lab14) lab2 lethal | larval stage | recessive lab14 lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 labGD1477 lethal | recessive lab1 lab01241 lethal | recessive | heat sensitive lab2 partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4prd.RG1 labScer\UAS.cMa viable labPL00449 Sterility Allele fertile labPL00449 Other Phenotypes Allele visible (with lab2) lab14 visible (with lab14) lab2 visible | recessive lab2 wild-type labhs.PH Phenotype manifest in Allele adult midgut (with lab2) lab14 adult midgut (with lab14) lab2 arista labhs.PH cephalopharyngeal skeleton lab14 labAAA.hs labhs.PC crystal cell lab01241 lab4 cuprophilic cell lab14 labhs.PH embryonic/larval midgut (with lab2) lab14 embryonic/larval midgut (with lab14) lab2 embryonic/larval midgut | embryonic stage lab14 lab2 embryonic/larval midgut | temperature conditional lab2 embryonic/larval salivary gland | embryonic stage lab1 lab10 lab14 lab15 lab16 lab17 lab18 lab2 lab3 lab4 lab5 lab6 lab7 lab8 lab9 embryonic/larval tritocerebral commissure lab14 embryonic/larval tritocerebrum lab14 embryonic brain lab2 embryonic head lab1 lab10 lab14 lab15 lab16 lab17 lab18 lab2 lab3 lab4 lab5 lab6 lab7 lab8 lab9 labAAA.hs labhs.PC embryonic tritocerebrum lab14 embryonic tritocerebrum, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 labScer\UAS.cMa frontal connective lab14 longitudinal connective lab9 longitudinal connective (with lab2) lab9 longitudinal connective (with lab9) lab2 midgut interstitial cell labhs.PH mouth hooks lab14 postorbital bristle lab2 postorbital bristle (with lab2) lab14 postorbital bristle (with lab14) lab2 postorbital bristle | supernumerary (with lab2) lab14 postorbital bristle | supernumerary (with lab14) lab2 tritocerebral commissure labunspecified tritocerebral neuromere lab9 labunspecified tritocerebral neuromere (with lab2) lab9 tritocerebral neuromere (with lab9) lab2 tritocerebrum lab14 wing margin, with Scer\GAL4sd-SG29.1 labScer\UAS.cMa wing vein, with Scer\GAL4sd-SG29.1 labScer\UAS.cMa
Classical Alleles ( 24 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of lab Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion lab14 loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 2 Yes lab4 amorphic allele - genetic evidence, loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 2 -- lab01241 P-element activity 1 -- lab2 heat sensitive loss of function allele X ray 1 -- labPL00449 P-element activity 1 -- lab16 loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 0 Yes lab7 amorphic allele - genetic evidence, loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- lab9 loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 0 Yes lab10 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- lab11 loss of function allele diepoxybutane 0 -- lab12 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence diepoxybutane 0 -- lab13 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence diepoxybutane 0 -- lab15 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 0 Yes lab17 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 0 -- lab18 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 0 -- lab1 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- lab3 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- lab5 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- lab6 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- lab8 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- labMAP11 0 Yes labPL00757 piggyBac transposase 0 Yes labR4.2 0 Yes labunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 13 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of lab Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion labGD1477 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes labJF02317 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes labKK107959 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes labScer\UAS.cMa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes labAAA.hs in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes labhs.PC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes labhs.PH in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes labm2.2a in vitro construct - minigene 0 Yes labm2.3b in vitro construct - minigene 0 Yes labm2.4a in vitro construct - deletion in vitro construct - minigene 0 Yes labm2.4b in vitro construct - minigene 0 Yes labm2.5a in vitro construct - minigene 0 Yes labMtnA.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3R)Antp-X1 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) Df(3R)Antp-X2 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) Df(3R)BSC738 (Christensen et al., 2009.2.28) Df(3R)Dfd13 (Spradling et al., 1999, Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) Df(3R)Dfdrv1 (Gonzalez-Reyes and Morata, 1991) Df(3R)MAP2 (Merrill et al., 1989) Df(3R)MAP11 (Merrill et al., 1989, Diederich et al., 1989, Kaufman et al., 1990, Chouinard and Kaufman, 1991) Df(3R)Scr (Nicholls and Gelbart, 1998, Spradling et al., 1999, Wakimoto et al., 1984, Merrill et al., 1989, Kaufman et al., 1990, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Lewis et al., 1980, Kennison, 1995.6.21) In(3R)lab9 (Diederich et al., 1989, Kaufman et al., 1990, Randazzo et al., 1991) T(3;4)lab16 (Diederich et al., 1989)
Not disrupted in	Df(3R)Antp17 (Spradling et al., 1999, Wakimoto et al., 1984, Kaufman et al., 1990, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Lewis et al., 1980, Kennison, 1995.6.21) Df(3R)Hu (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) Df(3R)MAP8 (Kaufman et al., 1990, Chouinard and Kaufman, 1991) Df(3R)SCB-XL2 (Kaufman, 1994.10.5) Df(3R)Scx2 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983, Wakimoto et al., 1984, Kaufman et al., 1990) Df(3R)Scx3 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) Df(3R)Scx4 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983, Kaufman et al., 1990) Df(3R)Tpl10 (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) Dp(3;3)Antp73b-rv8 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) In(3R)Antprv9 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) In(3R)ScrWrv5 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) T(2;3)Antprv5 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) T(2;3)Antprv6 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) T(2;3)Antprv7 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) T(2;3)ScrWrv1 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) T(2;3)ScrWrv6 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) Tp(3;3)Dfdrv1 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) Tp(3;3)Dfdrv3 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data reporter construct P{0.5labHZ} No P{0.75labHZ} No P{1.0labHZ} No P{1.2labHZ} No P{1.5labHZ} No P{2.0labHZ} No P{-2.6} No P{3.1labHZ} No P{-3.8} No P{3.65lab66a} No P{-4.8} No P{7.6labHZ} No P{255C} No P{550C} No P{550CM} No P{550M} No P{HZ1.2} No P{HZ75} No P{HZ220} No P{HZ250} No P{HZ255} No P{HZ400} No P{HZ550} No P{lab(-6.3)-lacZ} No P{lab-lacZ.1:550.m300.mGATA} No P{lab-lacZ.1:550.mHMG} No P{lab-lacZ.1/86} No P{lab-lacZ.1/95} No P{lab-lacZ.1/127} No P{lab-lacZ.1/140.243/444} No P{lab-lacZ.1/140.283/340} No P{lab-lacZ.1/394} No P{lab-lacZ.1/444} No P{lab-lacZ.1/546.m300} No P{lab-lacZ.1/546} No P{lab-lacZ.1/550.mCRE} No P{lab-lacZ.1/550.mMAD} No P{lab-lacZ.48/95.mut.exd} No P{lab-lacZ.48/95.mut.hth} No P{lab-lacZ.48/95.mut.lab} No P{lab-lacZ.48/95} No P{lab-lacZ.48/546} No P{lab-lacZ.92/141} No P{lab-lacZ.92/192} No P{lab-lacZ.92/242} No P{lab-lacZ.92/293} No P{lab-lacZ.92/343.m300} No P{lab-lacZ.92/394.m300} No P{lab-lacZ.92/444.m300} No P{lab-lacZ.92/495.m300} No P{lab-lacZ.92/546.m300.mCRE} No P{lab-lacZ.92/546.m300.mGATA} No P{lab-lacZ.92/546.m300.mHMG} No P{lab-lacZ.92/546.m300.mMAD} No P{lab-lacZ.92/546.m300} No P{lab-lacZ.92/546} No P{lab-lacZ.142/546.m300} No P{lab-lacZ.193/394.m300} No P{lab-lacZ.193/394} No P{lab-lacZ.193/546.m300} No P{lab-lacZ.243/546.m300} No P{lab-lacZ.294/546.m300} No P{lab-lacZ.344/546} No P{lab-lacZ.395/546} No P{lab-lacZ.445/546} No P{lab-lacZ.496/546} No P{lab-lacZ.exdm1} No P{lab-lacZ.exdm1labm1} No P{lab-lacZ.exdm2} No P{lab-lacZ.labm1} No P{lab-lacZ.labm2} No P{p6.0lab66A} No P{p7.0labTh} No UAS construct P{GD1477} NA P{KK107959} NA P{TRiP.JF02317} NA P{UAS-lab.M} NA heat-shock construct P{HS:lab} NA P{HS:labAAA} NA P{hslab} NA GAL4 construct P{lab-GAL4.DR} No characterization construct P{lab+m2.2a} NA P{lab+m2.3b} NA P{lab+m2.4a} NA P{lab+m2.4b} NA P{lab+m2.5a} NA P{lab-GAL4.H} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of enhancer trap P{PZ}lab01241 No insertion of enhancer trap binary system PBac{GAL4D,EYFP}labPL00449 No PBac{GAL4D,EYFP}labPL00757 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 13 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 7 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
protein heterodimerization activity inferred from physical interaction with exd (Grieder et al., 1997) contributes_to RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity inferred from physical interaction with exd (Grieder et al., 1997)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
brain development inferred from genetic interaction with vvl (Meier et al., 2006) inferred from mutant phenotype (Hirth et al., 1998) brain segmentation inferred from genetic interaction with vvl (Meier et al., 2006) embryo development inferred from mutant phenotype (Hirth et al., 1998) positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter inferred from mutant phenotype (Grieder et al., 1997)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from direct assay (Immergluck et al., 1990)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 7 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
sequence-specific DNA binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001356, InterPro:IPR017970 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P09022 (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1989.3.1) traceable author statement (Gibson and Schubiger, 2001)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
cell differentiation traceable author statement (Murakami et al., 1999) cell fate determination traceable author statement (Raftery and Sutherland, 2003) midgut development traceable author statement (Murakami et al., 1999) regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P09022 (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1989.3.1)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P09022 (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1989.3.1)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions lab allele Gene References labhs.PH Scr (Macias and Morata, 1996) ss (Kuzin et al., 1997) unspecified abd-A (Macias and Morata, 1996) Abd-B (Macias and Morata, 1996) Antp (Macias and Morata, 1996) Ubx (Macias and Morata, 1996)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 66015 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0002522 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 40817
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (44) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6BVSDS Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6BP1MK Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG67M0V9 Arthropod inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6B09K8
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6BVSDS)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\lab     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD19533     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD19532     Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM10536 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG10324 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE25839 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF17803 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\lab Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL22053 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK10836 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI23760 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH19490 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6BP1MK)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL005195   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP004649   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ002050
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG67M0V9)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH10343   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO22392   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL17441   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV20731   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI21373   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA014283   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA014479   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM267120   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\lab
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (None identified)
No non-Insect Arthropod orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6B09K8)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\ceh-13   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_017352gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\hoxa1a   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\hoxc1a   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\hoxb1b   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\hoxb1a   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\hoxd1   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\hoxa1   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\hoxb1   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\HOXB1   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\HOXA1   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Hoxd1   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Hoxb1   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Hoxa1   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Hoxa1   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Hoxd1   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Hoxb1   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\HOXB1   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\HOXD1   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\ENSG00000105991
Human Orthologs (3)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\HOXB1     Hsap\HOXD1     Hsap\ENSG00000105991
AAA Orthologs (10) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM10536 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG10324 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE25839 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF17803 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\lab Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL22053 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK10836 Drosophila virilis Dvir\lab Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI23760 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH19490
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 12 )
Bloomington	7300 w1118; P{UAS-lab.M}X2 2086 lab2 pp/TM3, Sb1 2092 lab14 pp/TM3, Sb1 2084 lab4 pp/TM3, Sb1 Ser1 26753 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF02317}attP2/TM3, Sb1 11527 P{PZ}lab01241 ry506/TM3, ryRK Sb1 Ser1 19507 w*; P{FRT(whs)}2A P{neoFRT}82B PBac{GAL4D,EYFP}labPL00449
Kyoto	106661 lab4 pp/TM3, Sb1 106662 lab14 pp/TM3, Sb1
VDRC	v100311 P{KK107959}VIE-260B v2990 w1118; P{GD1477}v2990 v2991 w1118; P{GD1477}v2991/TM3
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR19D23 BACR19I14 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 14 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	RE63854
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones	EK093124 EK236544 EK250125 EP14332 RP001002457 RP001004047 RP001011115 RP001022208 RP001026224 RP001040749 RP001045117 RP001048243 RP001056464
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0002522 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 40817
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Diederich et al., 1989)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: lab CG1264 (Li, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
	lab is required for neuronal differentiation in the developing embryonic brain. (Hirth et al., 1998) Endoderm expression from a lab enhancer depends on multiple CREs, cAMP response elements from a Ubx enhancer. CrebB-17A binds to the Ubx cAMP response element (CRE), located in an enhancer, and ubiquitous expression of a dominant negative form of CrebB-17A reduces lab expression in the endoderm. (Eresh et al., 1997) Effects of overexpression of ANTP-C genes on tarsal segmentation in ss mutants is studied. (Kuzin et al., 1997) dpp, by inducing kay, broadly defines an endodermal region which thus becomes predisposed to express lab. kay cooperates with signal-activated response factors to confer the precise pattern of lab expression in the endoderm. (Riese et al., 1997) One of a class of genes with TATA-less promoters that have a subset of the conserved DPE sequence. (Burke and Kadonaga, 1996) A 20bp oligonucleotide from the 5' region of Mmus\Hoxb1, a homolog of lab, is sufficient to direct an expression pattern in Drosophila very similar to endogenous lab. This expression requires lab abd exd function. In vitro DNA binding studies reveal that lab requires exd to bind DNA with high affinity. (Chan et al., 1996) Protein-DNA interactions are important for forming the lab-exd-DNA complex. Data suggests a model in which lab and exd bind DNA as a heterodimer in a head-to-tail orientation. (Chan and Mann, 1996) Rescue of lab null mutants by the chicken ortholog Hoxb-1 demonstrates that the function of Hox genes is phylogenetically conserved. (Lutz et al., 1996) A phylogenetic analysis of the Antp-class of homeodomains in nematode, Drosophila, amphioxus, mouse and human indicates that the 13 cognate group genes of this family can be divided into two major groups. Genes that are phylogenetically close are also closely located on the chromosome, suggesting that the colinearity between gene expression and gene arrangement was generated by successive tandem gene duplications and that the gene arrangement has been maintained by some sort of selection. (Zhang and Nei, 1996) Virtually all of the P{r4/lacZ} expression in Drosophila depends on the same three conserved sequence elements involved in regulating expression in the mouse and lab expression. Expression in the head and the visceral mesoderm requires exd function. (Popperl et al., 1995) Expression of lab in the endoderm coincides with the copper cells and is required for their formation and maintenance. (Hoppler and Bienz, 1994) Ectopic expression of dpp eliminates Scr and Antp expression, attenuating abd-A expression, inducing Ubx, dpp, wg and tsh expression in the visceral mesoderm and inducing lab expression in the apposing endoderm. The result is failure of all of the morphogenetic events except formation of midgut constriction 2. (Staehling-Hampton and Hoffmann, 1994) One of the homeodomain loci identified in a screen for genes encoding DNA binding proteins capable of binding to a consensus Engrailed binding site. (Kalionis and O'Farrell, 1993) The homologs of Antp, ftz, Scr, Dfd, Ama, bcd, zen, pb and lab, but not zen2 are all present in D.pseudoobscura.pseudoobscura, in the same linear order and similarly spaced along the chromosome as in D.melanogaster. (Randazzo et al., 1993) Comparative analysis of the homeobox sequences reveals the subdivision of the Antp-type homeobox genes into three classes early in metazoan evolution, one includes Abd-B, the second includes abd-A, Ubx, Antp, Scr, Dfd and ftz, and the third includes zen, zen2, pb and lab. (Schubert et al., 1993) The effect of ectopic expression of lab was investigated on the normal development of sensory organs in the embryonic PNS. (Heuer and Kaufman, 1992) lab gene product is not required for salivary gland development, at least up until the cuticle forms. (Panzer et al., 1992) ae expression is not modulated by lab. lab is expressed ectopically in embryos deficient for ae and Antp. (Roder et al., 1992) Dissection of 5' sequences of labial gene reveal 2 types of cis-acting response elements: one mediates labial-dependent activity, providing evidence that labial induction in the endoderm is autoregulatory, the other responds to the dpp gene product. (Tremml and Bienz, 1992) Cis-acting regulatory elements necessary for the proper spatial and temporal expression of lab have been determined. (Chouinard and Kaufman, 1991) The roles of Dfd and lab have been studied through an analysis of their expression patterns in embryonic and imaginal tissues of mutant individuals. (Diederich et al., 1991) Ubx, abd-A, dpp, wg and lab have interacting gene products involved in the induction process between the visceral mesoderm and the gut epithelium in the embryo. lab antibody staining demonstrated that lab expression is restricted to midgut epithelial cells but coextends with Ubx expression in the adhering mesodermal cell layer. dpp and Ubx are required for lab expression in the midgut. lab staining is not altered in wg mutants. (Immergluck et al., 1990) lab- flies are not viable and die at the embryo-first larval instar boundary. (Kaufman et al., 1990) Mesodermal expression of dpp is required for lab expression in the midgut endoderm suggesting that dpp migrates from the mesoderm to endoderm to induce lab expression. (Panganiban et al., 1990) A consequence of dpp expression in the visceral mesoderm cells of the anterior midgut is the induction of lab in the underlying endoderm cells. (Reuter et al., 1990) The correlation of lab mutant defects and lab gene expression was determined to increase understanding of Drosophila head segmental organization. (Diederich et al., 1989) A developmental genetic analysis of lab has been carried out. (Merrill et al., 1989) The molecular structure and spatial expression of the lab gene has been examined. (Mlodzik et al., 1988) The DNA sequences of the homeobox region of 11 Drosophila genes, including lab, have been compared. (Gehring, 1987) Null mutations act as recessive embryonic lethals. Animals survive to the end of embryogenesis and have normal thoracic, abdominal and caudal segments. However, the head is abnormal and shows defects in derivatives of all of the gnathocephalic segments. There is no obvious homeotic transformation in these animals. Analysis of earlier stages shows abnormalities in the process of head involution. X-ray-induced clones of lab- cells demonstrate that lab function is unnecessary for the development of the adult thorax and abdomen. However, clones in the head fail to develop normally and show deletions in the maxilla and eye. Dorsally the posterior head capsule is transformed toward an apparent thoracic identity. A temperature conditional allele has been used to show a temperature critical period between 6 and 14 hours of embryogenesis. This period coincides with an interval in which head involution, a process disrupted by lab-, takes place. Antisera raised to lab protein have shown it to initially accumulated just anterior to the gnathocephalic region of the germ band at the early stages of segmentation. This protein also is found in a row of cells extending above the gnathal region in the procephalic lobe and more dorsally into the dorsal ridge. As segmentation, germ-band shortening and head involution proceed, the cells expressing the protein are involved in the process complexities of head involution. Finally at the end of morphogenesis, lab positive cells are found in the lateral aspects of the pharynx, the tritocerebral ganglia of the CNS and the frontal sac. In addition to this expression in the head, lab protein is also found in endodermal cells at the posterior of the anterior midgut and the anterior cells of the posterior midgut. The position and movements of the cephalic cells accumulating lab is consistent with the interpretation that this locus is expressed in the intercalary or most anterior of the gnathal segments.
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_057265 NM_001260024 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_476613 NP_001246953 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAA28610 AAD19811 AAF54098 AAF54098.1 AAM11417 AC001652 AE001572 AFH06272 AY095089 BI375946 CAA31495 CAB57786 CAB57787 G01161 M13570 X13103 X13104 X13105 X13106 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 40817 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P10105
Other Crossreferences
	EPD - Eukarytoic Promoter Database, an annotated collection of POL II promoters • 23029 InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Homeobox, conserved site (IPR017970) Homeodomain (IPR001356) Homeodomain-like (IPR009057) Homeodomain, metazoa (IPR020479) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • RE63854
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 66015 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0002522 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0002522 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0002522 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG1264-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0002522 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 40817 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /segment/labial.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 40817 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0002522 REDfly - A database of transcriptional regulatory elements. • FBgn0002522
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 17 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	BG:DS00004.9   CG1264 (Perkins et al., 2009.3.31, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5) DmLab (Tour et al., 2005) Dm lab (Negre et al., 2003) Dmlab (DeSalle et al., 2003) EfR9 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) F24 (Mlodzik et al., 1988, ) F90   F90-2 (Barad et al., 1988, Hoey et al., 1986, ) F121 (Gehring, 1987) l(3)84Ac   l(3)01241   Lab (Mann and Carroll, 2002, Noyes et al., 2008, Slattery et al., 2011) lab (Pearson et al., 2005, Negre and Ruiz, 2007, Lohr et al., 2007, Noro et al., 2006, Wang et al., 2006, de Velasco et al., 2006, Ogishima and Tanaka, 2007, Sprecher et al., 2006, Urbach, 2007, Roy et al., 2007, Hueber et al., 2007, Stultz et al., 2008, Meier et al., 2006, Duboule, 2007, Xing et al., 2007, Sprecher and Hirth, 2006, Slattery et al., 2011, Kwong et al., 2008, Strand and Micchelli, 2011, Anderson et al., 2011, Choksi et al., 2006, Coiffier et al., 2008, Tanaka et al., 2007, Beisel et al., 2007, Casas-Tinto et al., 2008, Weiss et al., 2012, Juven-Gershon et al., 2008, Pindyurin et al., 2007, Economou and Telford, 2009, Christensen et al., 2009.2.28, Casillas et al., 2006, Bantignies et al., 2011, Veenstra, 2009, Chopra et al., 2009, Gambetta et al., 2009, Zhai et al., 2009, Negre et al., 2005, Salzer et al., 2010, Hueber et al., 2010, Scheuermann et al., 2010, Yassin et al., 2010, Leemans et al., 2001, Roy et al., 2011, Uhl et al., 2010, Sprecher et al., 2007, Percival-Smith et al., 2005, Hudry et al., 2012, Manning et al., 2012) lb (Martinez Arias, 1993)
Name Synonym	Labial (Akam, 1995, Casas-Tinto et al., 2007, Hueber et al., 2010, Szuplewski et al., 2010) labial (Martin, 1999.1.14, Cherbas and Cherbas, 1993, Negre and Ruiz, 2007, Noro et al., 2006, Lemons and McGinnis, 2006, Sprecher et al., 2006, Monier et al., 2007, de Velasco et al., 2006, Roy et al., 2007, Stultz et al., 2008, Casas-Tinto et al., 2008, Meier et al., 2006, Duboule, 2007, Xing et al., 2007, Sprecher and Hirth, 2006, Slattery et al., 2011, Strand and Micchelli, 2011, Anderson et al., 2011, Choksi et al., 2006, Negre et al., 2003, Casas-Tinto et al., 2008, Juven-Gershon et al., 2008, Economou and Telford, 2009, Casillas et al., 2006, Carpenter et al., 2009, Gambetta et al., 2009, Negre et al., 2005, Salzer et al., 2010, Scheuermann et al., 2010, Leemans et al., 2001, Sprecher et al., 2007, Michaut et al., 2011, Hudry et al., 2012)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0010742
References ( 348 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 348 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 194 ) Supplementary material  ( 3 ) Review  ( 84 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 13 ) Abstract  ( 43 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 3 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Book  ( 1 ) Letter  ( 1 ) Conference report  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 12 )
	Hudry et al., 2012, PLoS Biol. 10(6): e1001351 Hox Proteins Display a Common and Ancestral Ability to Diversify Their Interaction Mode with the PBC Class Cofactors. [FBrf0218732] Kuert et al., 2012, Biol. Open 1(10): 1006--1015 The labial gene is required to terminate proliferation of identified neuroblasts in postembryonic development of the Drosophila brain. [FBrf0220148] Manning et al., 2012, Cell Rep. 2(4): 1002--1013 A Resource for Manipulating Gene Expression and Analyzing cis-Regulatory Modules in the Drosophila CNS. [FBrf0219785] Weiss et al., 2012, Genetics 190(2): 581--600 Huntingtin Aggregation Kinetics and Their Pathological Role in a Drosophila Huntington's Disease Model. [FBrf0217529] Anderson et al., 2011, Development 138(10): 1957--1966 The enhancer of trithorax and polycomb gene Caf1/p55 is essential for cell survival and patterning in Drosophila development. [FBrf0213580] Bantignies et al., 2011, Cell 144(2): 214--226 Polycomb-Dependent Regulatory Contacts between Distant Hox Loci in Drosophila. [FBrf0212775] Michaut et al., 2011, Dev. Growth Differ. 53(9): 982--993 Analyzing the function of a hox gene: An evolutionary approach. [FBrf0216990] Quan et al., 2011, Nat. Biotechnol. 29(5): 449--452 Parallel on-chip gene synthesis and application to optimization of protein expression. [FBrf0213642] Roy et al., 2011, Mol. Genet. Genomics 285(2): 113--123 Lack of the Drosophila BEAF insulator proteins alters regulation of genes in the Antennapedia complex. [FBrf0212912] Slattery et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(4): e14686 Genome-wide tissue-specific occupancy of the hox protein ultrabithorax and hox cofactor homothorax in Drosophila. [FBrf0213426] Slattery et al., 2011, Cell 147(6): 1270--1282 Cofactor Binding Evokes Latent Differences in DNA Binding Specificity between Hox Proteins. [FBrf0216937] Strand and Micchelli, 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(43): 17696--17701 Quiescent gastric stem cells maintain the adult Drosophila stomach. [FBrf0216495] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...