FB2021_03, released June 15, 2021

Gene: Dmel\lds

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\lds
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
lodestar
Annotation Symbol
CG2684
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0002542
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
12 publicly available
Gene Summary
lodestar (lds) encodes a protein that belongs to the helicase-related family and is part of the spindle assembly checkpoint engaged in the maintenance of chromosome/genome stability. It is required to load cohesin complexes onto the chromosomes during the embryonic cleavage mitoses. Absence of lds leads to frequent chromosome loss and death of cells and embryos. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

factor 2, Horka, Negative transcription elongation factor 2, Fs(3)Hor

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
84E5-84E5
Sequence location
3R:7,920,431..7,924,491 [+]
Recombination map
3-48
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:7920431..7924491
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (9 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables ATPase, acting on DNA
inferred from direct assay
(Xie and Price, 1998)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables ATP binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000330
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
enables nucleosome-dependent ATPase activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000330
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in DNA-templated transcription, termination
inferred from direct assay
(Xie and Price, 1996)
involved_in female meiotic nuclear division
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Szalontai et al., 2009)
involved_in microtubule anchoring at centrosome
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Szalontai et al., 2009)
involved_in spermatogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Szalontai et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Girdham and Glover, 1991)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Girdham and Glover, 1991)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. (P34739)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
lodestar (lds) encodes a protein that belongs to the helicase-related family and is part of the spindle assembly checkpoint engaged in the maintenance of chromosome/genome stability. It is required to load cohesin complexes onto the chromosomes during the embryonic cleavage mitoses. Absence of lds leads to frequent chromosome loss and death of cells and embryos. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
SNF2-LIKE CHROMATIN REMODELERS -
Snf2-like chromatin remodelers are a family of helicase-like proteins that direct energy derived from ATP hydrolysis into the mechanical remodelling of chromatin structure. They are so-called due to the presence of a domain homologous to the helicase-like ATPase domain of the S. cerevisiae Snf2 protein. This domain, the Snf2 domain, consists of two tandem RecA-like folds and contains seven conserved helicase-related sequence motifs that classify it as part of the helicase superfamily 2 (SF2). However, Snf2 proteins are not bona fide helicases, lacking the ability to separate nucleic acid strands. Instead, Snf2 proteins are DNA translocases that apply an ATP-dependent torsional strain to DNA, which provides the necessary force to remodel nucleosomes or in some cases other DNA-protein complexes. (Adapted from PMID:21862382.)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
DsDNA-dependent ATPase which acts as a transcription termination factor by coupling ATP hydrolysis with removal of RNA polymerase II from the DNA template.
(UniProt, P34739)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
lds: lodestar
Maternal. In nuclear cycles 9-10, multiple complex anaphase spindles share several centrosomes. Multiple groups of chromosomes are often directed to same pole. Elongated polyploid nuclei develop. Mitotic abnormalities in larval brain cells (Gatti).
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\lds for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
lds-RA
FBtr0081758
NM_080111
3543
1061
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

3.8, 3.5 (northern blot)

(Girdham and Glover, 1991)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
lds-PA
FBpp0081255
118.4
1061
6.61
NP_524850
AAF54167
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

974 (aa); 155 (kD observed)

(Girdham and Glover, 1991)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\lds using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage -- adult stage
(Girdham and Glover, 1991)
oogenesis & adult stage | female
ovary
(Girdham and Glover, 1991)
Additional Descriptive Data

A major 3.5kb lds transcript is detected throughout development and is abundant in early embryos and adult females. A minor 3.8kb lds transcript is detected in early embryos and in females. In females, lds transcripts are ovary-specific.

(Girdham and Glover, 1991)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data

The lds protein is cytoplasmic at interphase, rapidly enters the nucleus early in prophase, is restricted to the region enclosed by the spindle envelope in metaphase and anaphase, and by telophase is contained entirely in the reforming nucleus.

(Girdham and Glover, 1991)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Girdham and Glover, 1991)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Girdham and Glover, 1991)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\lds in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 21 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of lds
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of lds
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 8 )
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | dominant | maternal effect
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | maternal effect
partially lethal - majority die | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
female sterile
female sterile (with Df(3R)dsx15)
female sterile (with lds3)
female sterile (with lds4)
female sterile (with ldsHor-D)
female sterile (with ldshor-rvP2)
female sterile | dominant
male semi-sterile (with Df(3R)dsx15)
male sterile (with lds3)
male sterile (with ldshor-rvP2)
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal meiotic cell cycle
abnormal mitotic cell cycle | dominant | paternal effect
abnormal mitotic cell cycle | non-rescuable maternal effect | recessive
some die during embryonic stage | dominant | maternal effect | maternal effect
some die during embryonic stage | maternal effect
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
wild-type
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
centrosome
chromatin & mitotic anaphase
female pronucleus | maternal effect
individualization stage spermatid
male pronucleus | maternal effect
mitosis & nuclear chromosome & embryo
nucleus | embryonic stage
onion stage spermatid
spindle | embryonic stage
trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (2)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\TTF2
12 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\HLTF
3 of 15
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Ttf2
12 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Hltf
3 of 15
No
Yes
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)
Rnor\Ttf2
2 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Hltf
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
Xtro\LOC100486072
2 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\hltf
1 of 12
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (2)
Drer\ttf2
7 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\hltf
3 of 15
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (6)
Cele\T23H2.3
12 of 15
Yes
Yes
Cele\F54E12.2
9 of 15
No
Yes
Cele\F59A7.8
3 of 15
No
Yes
Cele\F19B2.5
1 of 15
No
Yes
Cele\M03C11.8
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\Y113G7B.14
1 of 15
No
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (10)
Atha\AT1G50410
4 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT3G20010
4 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\EDA16
4 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT1G11100
3 of 9
No
Yes
Atha\AT3G16600
3 of 9
No
Yes
Atha\AT5G05130
3 of 9
No
Yes
Atha\AT5G43530
3 of 9
No
Yes
Atha\RAD5
3 of 9
No
Yes
Atha\AT1G02670
2 of 9
No
No
Atha\AT1G05120
1 of 9
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (4)
Scer\ULS1
6 of 15
Yes
Yes
Scer\RAD16
4 of 15
No
Yes
Scer\RAD5
3 of 15
No
Yes
Scer\HIS4
1 of 15
No
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (5)
Spom\SPBC582.10c
7 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\SPAC17A2.12
5 of 12
No
Yes
Spom\SPBC23E6.02
5 of 12
No
Yes
Spom\rad8
3 of 12
No
Yes
Spom\rhp16
2 of 12
No
Yes
Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091901WY )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00011819
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00011891
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\GD19959
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\GM10986
Drosophila erecta
Dere\GG14296
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\GE24955
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\GF18453
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Dpse\GA15429
Drosophila persimilis
Dper\GL23967
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\GK12953
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\GJ10137
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\GI22534
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH17632
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091500B8 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17018506
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17016778
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY009785
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY000392
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY011163
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly
Lcup\FF38_10294
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly
Lcup\FF38_01212
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes016889
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes018594
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes005492
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes012055
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL018118
Anopheles darlingi
American malaria mosquito
Adar\ADAC004606
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\AGAP011966
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\AGAP011967
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ005250
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ019302
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ005251
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ019303
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W02YJ )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth
Bmor\BGIBMGA004796
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS204045-PA
Heliconius melpomene
Postman butterfly
Hmel\HMEL012760
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\2150470340
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\2727405012
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\GB53411
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\lds
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP18522
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP22890
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15208864
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15210486
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15202892
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH25090
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH22242
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH22019
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:0000ae
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:0027be
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG010227
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG000229
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_04505
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_04503
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_04504
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_11119
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\TC000110
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\TC011521
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Phum\PHUM565820
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Phum\PHUM561080
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\RPRC010549
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\RPRC011602
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC013231
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC004389
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI006971
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI000590
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI000753
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI009197
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_06120
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_15138
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_14232
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X02VA )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR007007
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR007216
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW002351
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM70795.1
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM62566.1
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_260126
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_308061
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_249322
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_35494
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_274784
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_54578
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_323398
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_107340
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_322486
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_107980
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G03C2 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Iqca1L
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Iqca1
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\ENSCING00000017140
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\ENSCING00000004267
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\IQCA1
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (16)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
CG10445
8 of 10
brm
1 of 10
CG4049
1 of 10
CG7376
1 of 10
Chd1
1 of 10
Chd3
1 of 10
dom
1 of 10
Etl1
1 of 10
Hel89B
1 of 10
Ino80
1 of 10
Iswi
1 of 10
kis
1 of 10
Marcal1
1 of 10
Mi-2
1 of 10
okr
1 of 10
XNP
1 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Model Summary Ribbon
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    TTF2; transcription termination factor 2
    12 of 15
    604718
        HLTF; helicase like transcription factor
        3 of 15
        603257
            Functional Complementation Data
            Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
            Interactions
            Summary of Physical Interactions
            Summary of Genetic Interactions
            esyN Network Diagram
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            External Data
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            Pathways
            Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
            Metabolic Pathways
            External Data
            Linkouts
            Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
            Chromosome (arm)
            3R
            Recombination map
            3-48
            Cytogenetic map
            84E5-84E5
            Sequence location
            3R:7,920,431..7,924,491 [+]
            FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Evidence for location
            84E5-84E5
            Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP3060EP3060 and P{PZ}grn05930
            Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Notes
            References
            87B-87B
            (Szabad et al., 1995)
            84D13-84D14
            (determined by in situ hybridisation)
            (Girdham and Glover, 1991)
            Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
            Location

            3-48

            (FlyBase, 2016)

            3-44.5

            (Comeron et al., 2012)

            3-47

            (Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

            3-47.8

            Left of (cM)
            Right of (cM)
            Notes
            Stocks and Reagents
            Stocks (12)
            Genomic Clones (16)
             

            Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

            cDNA Clones (17)
             

            Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

            cDNA clones, fully sequenced
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

            For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

            cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            RNAi and Array Information
            Linkouts
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
            Antibody Information
            Laboratory Generated Antibodies
             

            polyclonal

            (Girdham and Glover, 1991)
            Commercially Available Antibodies
             
            Other Information
            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database identify of

            Source for identity of: lds CG10445

            (Gong, 1999.11)

            Source for identity of: lds CG2684

            (Gong, 1999.11)
            Source for database merge of

            Source for merge of: lds NTef2

            (Liu et al., 1998)

            Source for merge of: lds CG2684

            (Bayraktaroglu, 2000.4.17)

            Source for merge of: lds Fs(3)Hor

            (Szalontai et al., 2005)
            Additional comments

            scaRNA:mgU2-41 is encoded in an intron of lds.

            (Graveley et al., 2011)

            'Note added in proof' in FBrf0080432 was in error; mus309, l(3)87Ae and lds are not, in fact, allelic.

            Other Comments

            Only double stranded DNA (dsDNA) effectively activates the lds ATPase. Single stranded DNA (ssDNA) not only fails to activate the ATPase, but suppresses the dsDNA-dependent ATPase. Interaction of lds with dsDNA is important to couple the ATPase with the transcript release activity. Although properties of the product suggest that it might have helicase activity DNA unwinding activity associated with lds is undetectable.

            (Xie and Price, 1998)

            Transcript release activity of lds requires ATP or dATP and NTPs do not support the activity.

            (Xie and Price, 1997)

            A 154kD lds protein has been purified. This factor causes the release of transcripts by RNA polymerase II in an ATP-dependent manner.

            (Xie and Price, 1996)

            lds is essential for the production of DRB (5,6-dichloro-1-β-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole)-sensitive long transcripts in vitro, and consists of two subunits of 124 and 43kD.

            (Marshall and Price, 1995)

            Mutations in lds cause chromatin bridges at anaphase.

            (Girdham and Glover, 1991)

            Immunocytological approach is used to address the behaviour of essential mitotic gene products in embryonic cell cycles.

            (Glover et al., 1991)

            lds protein from Kc cell nuclear extracts suppresses the appearance of incomplete transcripts.

            (Price et al., 1987)
            Origin and Etymology
            Discoverer
            Etymology

            Mutation is named "Horka" after a Hungarian clan that vanished by the beginning of the 14th century but their names survived in the names of settlements.

            (Erdelyi and Szabad, 1989)
            Identification
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 38 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
            DRscDB
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas
            Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
            Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
            Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
            GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
            InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL
            modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
            InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (19)
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            References (80)