The gene Larval serum protein 2 is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Lsp2 (CG6806, FBgn0002565). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. It is reported to have molecular function: nutrient reservoir activity. The biological processes in which it is involved are not known. 7 alleles are reported. The phenotype of these alleles is annotated with: tergite. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Hemocyanin, C-terminal; Hemocyanin, N-terminal; Hemocyanin/hexamerin; Hemocyanin/hexamerin middle domain; Immunoglobulin E-set; Uncharacterised domain, di-copper centre. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of extremely high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed during late larval stages, at stages throughout the pupal period. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval hindgut, larval Malpighian tubules, larval fat body, larval salivary gland, larval trachea, virgin spermatheca, larval/adult carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, adult heart, adult fat body. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1641634_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of Lsp2. Gene sequence location is 3L:12122493..12124796.
User Contributed Data
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley
& Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ
from current usage
Lsp2: Larval serum protein-2 (D.B. Roberts)
Codes for LSP2, a glycosylated polypeptide of 80,000
molecular weight (Brock and Roberts, 1980, Eur. J. Biochem.
106: 129-35) and one of the major serum proteins of third-instar larvae; a homohexamer of molecular weight 450,000 with
subunit molecular weight of 78-83 X 103 daltons. LSP2 appears
during the third larval instar and levels increase until midway through the pupal stage; then levels decline reaching base
line early in adult life. Transcription detectable only in
third-instar fat body, ecdysone dependent; in presence of
temperature-sensitive ecd, Lsp2 transcription off at restrictive temperature; resumes following ecdysterone administration or shift to permissive temperature; juvenile hormone
blocks ecdysterone stimulation.
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FB2013_03
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The expression of Lsp1α, Lsp1β, Lsp1γ, and Lsp2 proteins and transcripts were compared by in vitro translation of mRNAs isolated from third instar larval fat body, and by Northern analysis of cytoplasmic and nuclear RNAs of second and third instar larval fat body. Lsp1α, Lsp1β, Lsp1γ, and Lsp2 proteins appear at the same time, and accumulate in coordinate fashion. The Lsp1α, Lsp1β, Lsp1γ, and Lsp2 transcripts appear at the same time (sometime after 46 hr) and accumulate in similar relative amounts. At 4 hr, transcript levels are at maximum, and all 4 polypeptides are synthesized at about equal amounts. However, Lsp1α, Lsp1β, and Lsp1γ proteins decline and are not synthesized at 92 hr, although there is still Lsp1α, Lsp1β, and Lsp1γ mRNA available at 96 hr. Lsp1α, Lsp1β and Lsp1γ subunit synthesis ceases before that of Lsp2 synthesis; the latter is no longer detected at 96 hr.
Lsp2 transcript accumulates in adults at 1% of the larval level. Eighty percent of adult Lsp2 expression localizes to the adipose tissue of the head. The larval and adult peptide sizes seem to differ, possibly as a result of glycosylation. Larval and adult Lsp2 transcripts have identical 5' ends, as judged by primer extension experiments.
As deduced by in vitro translation of polyA RNA, Lsp2 is detected about 8 hours after the second larval molt and is present through third larval instar. Levels of this transcript increased in response to ecdysone supplement.
Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval hindgut, larval Malpighian tubules, larval fat body, larval salivary gland, larval trachea, virgin spermatheca, larval/adult carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, adult heart, adult fat body.
[download data (TSV)]
Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors
No expression (0 - 9.999)
Low expression (10 - 99.999)
Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)
High level expression (500 - 999.999)
Very high expression (>999.999)
Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
19.6
Larval Midgut
52.9
Larval Hindgut
2843.3
Larval Malpighian Tubules
809.1
Larval Fat Body
10393.3
Larval Salivary Gland
6362
Larval Trachea
1004.175
Larval Carcass
1326.075
Adult Head
457.6
Adult Eye
481.75
Adult Brain
21.9
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
32.3
Adult Crop
15.3
Adult Midgut
19.4
Adult Hindgut
9.2
Adult Malpighian Tubules
10.5
Adult Fat Body
309.8
Adult Salivary Gland
21.2
Adult Heart
149.5
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
992.8
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
69
Adult Ovary
7
Adult Testis
9.6
Adult Male Accessory Gland
14
Adult Carcass
894.5
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
Very high
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
19.6
Larval Midgut
52.9
Larval Hindgut
(2843.3)
Larval Malpighian Tubules
(809.1)
Larval Fat Body
(10393.3)
Larval Salivary Gland
(6362)
Larval Trachea
(1004.175)
Larval Carcass
(1326.075)
Adult Head
457.6
Adult Eye
481.75
Adult Brain
21.9
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
32.3
Adult Crop
15.3
Adult Midgut
19.4
Adult Hindgut
9.2
Adult Malpighian Tubules
10.5
Adult Fat Body
309.8
Adult Salivary Gland
21.2
Adult Heart
149.5
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
(992.8)
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
69
Adult Ovary
7
Adult Testis
9.6
Adult Male Accessory Gland
14
Adult Carcass
(894.5)
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
Linear, scaled to High level expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
19.6
Larval Midgut
52.9
Larval Hindgut
(2843.3)
Larval Malpighian Tubules
809.1
Larval Fat Body
(10393.3)
Larval Salivary Gland
(6362)
Larval Trachea
1004.175
Larval Carcass
(1326.075)
Adult Head
457.6
Adult Eye
481.75
Adult Brain
21.9
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
32.3
Adult Crop
15.3
Adult Midgut
19.4
Adult Hindgut
9.2
Adult Malpighian Tubules
10.5
Adult Fat Body
309.8
Adult Salivary Gland
21.2
Adult Heart
149.5
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
992.8
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
69
Adult Ovary
7
Adult Testis
9.6
Adult Male Accessory Gland
14
Adult Carcass
894.5
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
Very high
Linear, scaled to Very high expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
19.6
Larval Midgut
52.9
Larval Hindgut
2843.3
Larval Malpighian Tubules
809.1
Larval Fat Body
10393.3
Larval Salivary Gland
6362
Larval Trachea
1004.175
Larval Carcass
1326.075
Adult Head
457.6
Adult Eye
481.75
Adult Brain
21.9
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
32.3
Adult Crop
15.3
Adult Midgut
19.4
Adult Hindgut
9.2
Adult Malpighian Tubules
10.5
Adult Fat Body
309.8
Adult Salivary Gland
21.2
Adult Heart
149.5
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
992.8
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
69
Adult Ovary
7
Adult Testis
9.6
Adult Male Accessory Gland
14
Adult Carcass
894.5
Expression Level Scale
Very high
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
19.6
Larval Midgut
52.9
Larval Hindgut
2843.3
Larval Malpighian Tubules
809.1
Larval Fat Body
10393.3
Larval Salivary Gland
6362
Larval Trachea
1004.175
Larval Carcass
1326.075
Adult Head
457.6
Adult Eye
481.75
Adult Brain
21.9
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
32.3
Adult Crop
15.3
Adult Midgut
19.4
Adult Hindgut
9.2
Adult Malpighian Tubules
10.5
Adult Fat Body
309.8
Adult Salivary Gland
21.2
Adult Heart
149.5
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
992.8
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
69
Adult Ovary
7
Adult Testis
9.6
Adult Male Accessory Gland
14
Adult Carcass
894.5
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
Very high
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
19.6
Larval Midgut
52.9
Larval Hindgut
(2843.3)
Larval Malpighian Tubules
809.1
Larval Fat Body
(10393.3)
Larval Salivary Gland
(6362)
Larval Trachea
(1004.175)
Larval Carcass
(1326.075)
Adult Head
457.6
Adult Eye
481.75
Adult Brain
21.9
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
32.3
Adult Crop
15.3
Adult Midgut
19.4
Adult Hindgut
9.2
Adult Malpighian Tubules
10.5
Adult Fat Body
309.8
Adult Salivary Gland
21.2
Adult Heart
149.5
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
(992.8)
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
69
Adult Ovary
7
Adult Testis
9.6
Adult Male Accessory Gland
14
Adult Carcass
(894.5)
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
log, scaled to High level expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
19.6
Larval Midgut
52.9
Larval Hindgut
(2843.3)
Larval Malpighian Tubules
809.1
Larval Fat Body
(10393.3)
Larval Salivary Gland
(6362)
Larval Trachea
1004.175
Larval Carcass
1326.075
Adult Head
457.6
Adult Eye
481.75
Adult Brain
21.9
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
32.3
Adult Crop
15.3
Adult Midgut
19.4
Adult Hindgut
9.2
Adult Malpighian Tubules
10.5
Adult Fat Body
309.8
Adult Salivary Gland
21.2
Adult Heart
149.5
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
992.8
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
69
Adult Ovary
7
Adult Testis
9.6
Adult Male Accessory Gland
14
Adult Carcass
894.5
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
Very high
log, scaled to Very high expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
19.6
Larval Midgut
52.9
Larval Hindgut
2843.3
Larval Malpighian Tubules
809.1
Larval Fat Body
10393.3
Larval Salivary Gland
6362
Larval Trachea
1004.175
Larval Carcass
1326.075
Adult Head
457.6
Adult Eye
481.75
Adult Brain
21.9
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
32.3
Adult Crop
15.3
Adult Midgut
19.4
Adult Hindgut
9.2
Adult Malpighian Tubules
10.5
Adult Fat Body
309.8
Adult Salivary Gland
21.2
Adult Heart
149.5
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
992.8
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
69
Adult Ovary
7
Adult Testis
9.6
Adult Male Accessory Gland
14
Adult Carcass
894.5
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
Very high
Heatmap
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
Larval Midgut
Larval Hindgut
Larval Malpighian Tubules
Larval Fat Body
Larval Salivary Gland
Larval Trachea
Larval Carcass
Adult Head
Adult Eye
Adult Brain
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
Adult Crop
Adult Midgut
Adult Hindgut
Adult Malpighian Tubules
Adult Fat Body
Adult Salivary Gland
Adult Heart
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
Adult Ovary
Adult Testis
Adult Male Accessory Gland
Adult Carcass
FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult
Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of extremely high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed during late larval stages, at stages throughout the pupal period.
[download data (TSV)]
Please Note FlyBase no
longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list
may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 477 )
Please Note
This section lists
cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent
of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs
of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes.
Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs
to the gene model.
P-element mediated germline transformation demonstrates a 230bp larval enhancer, which includes an ecdysone response element (EcRE), specifically targets Lsp2 gene activity to the larval fat body. Additional negative regulatory elements dictate both tissue-specificity and unique spatial restriction within the adult fat body.
Ecol\CAT and Ecol\lacZ reporter gene constructs carrying deletion mutants of the 5' flanking region transfected into Schneider cells confer transient ecdysone inducibility. A single functional ecdysone response element (EcRE) is localised at position -75 relative to the Lsp2 transcription initiation site. Structural features of this EcRE determine its ability to induce ecdysone responsiveness at a lower ligand concentration and may form the basis for differential hormone responsiveness within the fat body.
Codes for Lsp2, a glycosylated polypeptide of 80,000 molecular weight (Brock and Roberts, 1980) and one of the major serum proteins of third instar larvae; a homohexamer of molecular weight 450,000 with subunit molecular weight of 78-83 x 103 daltons.