FB2021_01, released Feb 18, 2021

Gene: Dmel\mei-W68

Open Close
General Information
Symbol
Dmel\mei-W68
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
meiotic W68
Annotation Symbol
CG7753
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0002716
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
10 publicly available
Gene Snapshot
meiotic W68 (mei-W68) encodes a protein thought to form a dimer with the TopoVIA subunit encoded by mei-P22 and is required for the formation of double strand breaks during meiosis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Other Summaries
Also Known As

spo11, l(2)k05603

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
56D9-56D9
Sequence location
2R:19,456,170..19,459,523 [+]
Recombination map

2-89

RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:19456170..19459523
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (13 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables ATP binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR013049
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
enables DNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000091176
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
enables DNA topoisomerase type II (double strand cut, ATP-hydrolyzing) activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004085
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process (9 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in early meiotic recombination nodule assembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Carpenter, 2003)
involved_in late meiotic recombination nodule assembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Carpenter, 2003)
involved_in meiotic DNA double-strand break processing
inferred from direct assay
(Joyce et al., 2011)
involved_in oocyte karyosome formation
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Hus1-like; FB:FBgn0026417
(Peretz et al., 2009)
involved_in oogenesis
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:okr; FB:FBgn0002989, FLYBASE:p53; FB:FBgn0039044
(Lu et al., 2010)
involved_in reciprocal meiotic recombination
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Joyce and McKim, 2009, McKim et al., 1998)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in DNA catabolic process, endonucleolytic
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002815
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
involved_in DNA topological change
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004085
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
involved_in meiotic DNA double-strand break formation
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000091177
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in meiotic DNA double-strand break processing
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000091177
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in reciprocal meiotic recombination
traceable author statement
(McKim et al., 2000, Shulman et al., 2000)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000091177
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nuclear chromosome
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000091177
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the TOP6A family. (Q7KPA5)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
DNA TOPOISOMERASES TYPE II -
DNA topoisomerases perform topological transformations of DNA by generating a transient DNA break through which strand passage can occur. These enzymes are grouped into types I and II based on structure and mechanism: type II enzymes mediate strand transport through a double-strand DNA gate, coupled to ATP binding and hydrolysis. DNA topoisomerases have critical roles in DNA replication, transcription, recombination, repair, and chromatin remodeling. (Adapted from PMID:23495937.)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Required for meiotic recombination (PubMed:9744869). Together with mei-P22, mediates DNA cleavage that forms the double-strand breaks (DSB) that initiate meiotic recombination (By similarity).
(UniProt, Q7KPA5)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
mei-W68 (R.S. Hawley)
Females homozygous for mei-w68 show a complete absence of meiotic recombination (Baker, unpublished data). Ultrastructural studies of pachytene reveal an absence of chromosome condensation and little synaptonemal complex (Carpenter, cited in Baker et al., 1976). A less severe allele (mei-w68L1-Lindsley) reduces exchange to approximately 60% of control levels and also alters the distribution of residual exchanges. Analysis of mitotic chromosome behavior (Baker et al., 1978) suggests that the mei-w68+ gene product is also required in mitotic cells.
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\mei-W68 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.48

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Shares 5' UTR with upstream gene.

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
mei-W68-RA
FBtr0086461
NM_206179
2300
331
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

2.4, 2.3, 2.1 (northern blot)

(McKim and Hayashi-Hagihara, 1998)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
mei-W68-PA
FBpp0085657
37.1
331
7.18
NP_995901
AAF57553
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

331 (aa)

(McKim and Hayashi-Hagihara, 1998)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\mei-W68 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage | female
(McKim and Hayashi-Hagihara, 1998)
germarium region 2
(McKim and Hayashi-Hagihara, 1998)
germarium region 3
(McKim and Hayashi-Hagihara, 1998)
adult stage | male
testis
(McKim and Hayashi-Hagihara, 1998)
embryonic stage -- P-stage
organism
(McKim and Hayashi-Hagihara, 1998)
Additional Descriptive Data

mei-W68 transcripts are detected in embryos, larvae, pupae, and adult females on northern blots. They are detected weakly in male testis. Transcripts are detected by in situ hybridization in germarium regions 2 and 3.

(McKim and Hayashi-Hagihara, 1998)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\mei-W68 in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 19 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 3 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of mei-W68
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of mei-W68
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 8 )
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\SPO11
14 of 15
Yes
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Spo11
14 of 15
Yes
Yes
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Spo11
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (1)
Xtro\spo11
8 of 12
Yes
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
Drer\spo11
10 of 15
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\spo-11
13 of 15
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (3)
Atha\RHL2
9 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\SPO11-2
7 of 9
No
Yes
Atha\ATSPO11-1
6 of 9
No
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\SPO11
10 of 15
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\rec12
10 of 12
Yes
Yes
Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09190CEY )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00002050
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\GD11457
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\GM21963
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\GM13291
Drosophila erecta
Dere\GG21975
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\GE12053
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\GF11715
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Dpse\GA24396
Drosophila persimilis
Dper\GL10528
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\GK15872
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\GJ20469
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\GI20732
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH20206
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09150CHN )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17015079
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes011898
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL013701
Anopheles darlingi
American malaria mosquito
Adar\ADAC001014
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\AGAP010898
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ003179
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W0G9H )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth
Bmor\BGIBMGA005968
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS214250-PA
Heliconius melpomene
Postman butterfly
Hmel\HMEL002506
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\2342674500
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\mei-W68
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP15046
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15212363
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH18634
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:00289f
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG023760
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_03063
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\TC013087
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Phum\PHUM436850
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\RPRC004962
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC005230
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI24707
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_02527
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X09ZG )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR009376
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW022447
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur26g00180
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_299643
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G0IMI )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Spo11
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\ENSCING00000004353
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)
No records found.
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Model Summary Ribbon
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
SPO11; SPO11 initiator of meiotic double stranded breaks
14 of 15
605114
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      Interactions Browser
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      esyN Network Key:
      Suppression
      Enhancement
      View in Interactions Browser
      Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      CycG
      suppressible
      mei-W68
      (Nagel et al., 2012)
      jnj
      suppressible
      mei-W68
      (Tran et al., 2016)
      mio
      suppressible
      mei-W68
      (Iida and Lilly, 2004)
      mus301
      suppressible
      mei-W68
      (Ghabrial and Schupbach, 1999)
      okr
      suppressible
      mei-W68
      (Barbosa et al., 2007, Ghabrial and Schupbach, 1999)
      okr|p53
      suppressible
      mei-W68
      (Lu et al., 2010)
      pds5
      suppressible
      mei-W68
      (Barbosa et al., 2007)
      spn-A
      suppressible
      mei-W68
      (Barbosa et al., 2007, Staeva-Vieira et al., 2003)
      spn-B
      suppressible
      mei-W68
      (Liu et al., 2002, Liu et al., 2000, Ghabrial and Schupbach, 1999)
      spn-D
      suppressible
      mei-W68
      (Abdu et al., 2003)
      tefu
      suppressible
      mei-W68
      (Joyce et al., 2011)
      External Data
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      External Data
      Linkouts
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      2R
      Recombination map

      2-89

      Cytogenetic map
      56D9-56D9
      Sequence location
      2R:19,456,170..19,459,523 [+]
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      56D9-56D9
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(2)k00705k00705&P{lacW}mei-W68k05603 and P{EP}CG11007EP736
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      56D-56D
      (Hayashi-Hagihara, 1998.8.19)
      56D8-56D10
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Spradling et al., 1999)
      58D8-58D10
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      2-89

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      2-94.7

      (Comeron et al., 2012)

      2-94

      Left of (cM)
      (McKim and Hayashi-Hagihara, 1998)
      (McKim, 1998.3.10)
      Right of (cM)
      (McKim, 1998.3.10)
      (McKim and Hayashi-Hagihara, 1998)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (10)
      Genomic Clones (24)
      cDNA Clones (21)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Other Information
      Relationship to Other Genes
      Source for database identify of

      Source for identity of: mei-W68 CG7753

      (Milshina, 1999.11)
      Source for database merge of
      Additional comments

      One or more of the processed transcripts for this gene share(s) untranslated sequences with a transcript of an adjacent gene, but encode(s) a single open reading frame (ORF). The non-overlapping ORFs that share untranslated sequences are represented by par-1 and mei-W68.

      (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2004)

      mei-W68 shares a promoter and 5'-UTR with the N1 class of par-1 transcripts and the coding sequence of mei-W68 falls entirely within the first par-1 intron.

      (Shulman et al., 2000)
      Other Comments

      Intragenic recombination at ry is used as an assay of the effects of mutation on meiotic crossing over.

      (McKim et al., 1998)
      Origin and Etymology
      Discoverer
      Etymology
      Identification
      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 35 )
      Sequence Crossreferences
      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
      RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
      UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      Other crossreferences
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
      Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
      GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
      InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
      modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
      Linkouts
      ApoDroso - Functional genomic database for photoreceptor development, survival and function
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
      FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
      FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
      FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
      InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (16)
      Datasets (0)
      Study focus (0)
      Experimental Role
      Project
      Project Type
      Title
      References (128)