FB2021_06, released December 14, 2021

Gene: Dmel\ms(3)K81

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\ms(3)K81
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
male sterile (3) K81
Annotation Symbol
CG14251
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0002838
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
4 publicly available
Gene Summary
male sterile (3) K81 (ms(3)K81) encodes a telomere capping protein that is required to protect sperm telomeres from end-to-end fusion at fertilization. The ms(3)K81 product replaces its paralog HipHop in post-meiotic male germ cell nuclei. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

K81, ph

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
97D4-97D4
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-92
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:26875852..26876562
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (4 terms)
Molecular Function (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in telomere capping
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Dubruille et al., 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in chromosome, telomeric region
inferred from direct assay
(Gao et al., 2011, Dubruille et al., 2010)
located_in condensed nuclear chromosome
inferred from direct assay
(Gao et al., 2011)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Dubruille et al., 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
    -
    Summaries
    Gene Snapshot
    male sterile (3) K81 (ms(3)K81) encodes a telomere capping protein that is required to protect sperm telomeres from end-to-end fusion at fertilization. The ms(3)K81 product replaces its paralog HipHop in post-meiotic male germ cell nuclei. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26]
    Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
    ms(3)K81
    Homozygous males produce motile sperm capable of fertilizing eggs, but defective in pronuclear function. Development of fertilized eggs initiated; arrested after several nuclear divisions in three-fourths of the embryos, the remainder developing beyond blastoderm and proving to be haploid upon cytological examination. Nuclear division cycle protracted compared to wild type, and the syncytial blastoderm nuclei undergo an extra division to produce twice the normal density prior to cellularization (Edgar, Kiehle, and Schuberger, 1986, Cell 44: 365-72). A small fraction of the eggs diploidize and yield viable daughters, mostly by fusion of products of the first meiotic division (85%); fusion of products of second meiotic divison rare or nonexistent. Incidence of gynogenetic diploids becomes appreciable in crosses to a stock designated G9 by Fuyama (1986, Genetics 114: 495-509).
    Gene Model and Products
    Number of Transcripts
    1
    Number of Unique Polypeptides
    1

    Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\ms(3)K81 for information on other features

    To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

    Protein Domains (via Pfam)
    Isoform displayed:
    Pfam protein domains
    InterPro name
    classification
    start
    end
    Protein Domains (via SMART)
    Isoform displayed:
    SMART protein domains
    InterPro name
    classification
    start
    end
    Comments on Gene Model

    Gene model reviewed during 5.47

    Gene model reviewed during 5.48

    Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
    nuclear_gene
    protein_coding_gene
    Transcript Data
    Annotated Transcripts
    Name
    FlyBase ID
    RefSeq ID
    Length (nt)
    Assoc. CDS (aa)
    ms(3)K81-RA
    FBtr0085063
    NM_143253
    711
    184
    Additional Transcript Data and Comments
    Reported size (kB)
    Comments
    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Polypeptide Data
    Annotated Polypeptides
    Name
    FlyBase ID
    Predicted MW (kDa)
    Length (aa)
    Theoretical pI
    RefSeq ID
    GenBank
    ms(3)K81-PA
    FBpp0084435
    20.1
    184
    8.85
    NP_651510
    AAF56634
    Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

    There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

    Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
    Reported size (kDa)
    Comments
    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Linkouts
    Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
    Mapped Features

    Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\ms(3)K81 using the Feature Mapper tool.

    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
    Linkouts
    Expression Data
    Expression Summary Ribbons
    Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
    For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
    Transcript Expression
    Additional Descriptive Data
    Marker for
     
    Subcellular Localization
    CV Term
    Polypeptide Expression
    Additional Descriptive Data
    Marker for
     
    Subcellular Localization
    CV Term
    Evidence
    References
    located_in chromosome, telomeric region
    inferred from direct assay
    (Gao et al., 2011, Dubruille et al., 2010)
    located_in condensed nuclear chromosome
    inferred from direct assay
    (Gao et al., 2011)
    located_in nucleus
    inferred from direct assay
    (Dubruille et al., 2010)
    Expression Deduced from Reporters
    Reporter: P{UAS-K81-ms(3)K81.EGFP}
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    adult stage | male
    spermatid
    (Gao et al., 2011)
    High-Throughput Expression Data
    Associated Tools

    GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

    View Dmel\ms(3)K81 in GBrowse 2
    RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
    Bulk Downloads
    RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
    Reference
    See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
    Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
    Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
    External Data and Images
    Linkouts
    DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
    EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
    FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
    FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
    Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
    Images
    FlyBase Wiki
    Image Based Resources
    Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
    Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 5 )
    For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
     
    Other relevant insertions
    Transgenic Constructs ( 13 )
    For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
    Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of ms(3)K81
    Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of ms(3)K81
    Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 6 )
    Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
    Phenotypes
    Orthologs
    Downloads
    Download All DIOPT Orthologs
    Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
    Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
    Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
    No records found.
    Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
    Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
    No records found.
    Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
    No records found.
    Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
    No records found.
    Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
    No records found.
    Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
    No records found.
    Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
    No records found.
    Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
    No records found.
    Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
    No records found.
    Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09190IBS )
    Organism
    Common Name
    Gene
    AAA Syntenic Ortholog
    Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
    Drosophila suzukii
    Spotted wing Drosophila
    Dsuz\DS10_00010442
    Drosophila simulans
    Dsim\ms(3)K81
    Drosophila sechellia
    Dsec\ms(3)K81
    Drosophila erecta
    Dere\ms(3)K81
    Drosophila yakuba
    Dyak\ms(3)K81
    Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )
    No non-Drosophilid orthologies identified
    Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )
    No non-Dipteran orthologies identified
    Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )
    No non-Insect Arthropod orthologies identified
    Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )
    No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
    Paralogs
    Downloads
    Download All DIOPT Paralogs
    Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
    Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
    Gene Symbol
    Score
    Source
    Compara
    eggNOG
    Homologene
    Inparanoid
    Isobase
    OrthoDB
    OrthoFinder
    orthoMCL
    Panther
    RoundUp
    Alignment
    HipHop
    2 of 10
    Human Disease Associations
    FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
      Disease Model Summary Ribbon
      Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
      Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
      Human Ortholog
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Interaction
      References
      Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
      Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
      Homo sapiens (Human)
      Gene name
      Score
      OMIM
      OMIM Phenotype
      DO term
      Complementation?
      Transgene?
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      Interactions Browser
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      esyN Network Key:
      Suppression
      Enhancement
      View in Interactions Browser
      Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      ms(3)K81
      suppressible
      HipHop::ms(3)K81
      (Gao et al., 2011)
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      grp
      suppressible
      ms(3)K81
      (Großhans et al., 2003)
      HipHop
      suppressible
      ms(3)K81
      (Dubruille and Loppin, 2015, Gao et al., 2011)
      External Data
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      External Data
      Linkouts
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      3R
      Recombination map
      3-92
      Cytogenetic map
      97D4-97D4
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      97D4-97D4
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}His2AvL1602 and P{PZ}sda03884
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      3-92

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      3-89.3

      (Comeron et al., 2012)

      3-91.3

      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (4)
      Genomic Clones (11)
       

      Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

      cDNA Clones (2)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
          RNAi and Array Information
          Linkouts
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
          Antibody Information
          Laboratory Generated Antibodies
           
          Commercially Available Antibodies
           
          Other Information
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database identify of
          Source for database merge of

          Source for merge of: ms(3)K81 CG14251

          (Yasuda and Wakimoto, 2003.3.18)
          Additional comments

          The ms(3)K81 gene may have been derived from the HipHop gene by retroposition.

          (Loppin et al., 2005)
          Other Comments

          ms(3)K81 is a strict paternal effect lethal that does not affect sperm maturation or motility.

          (Chang et al., 1995)

          ms(3)K81 acts as a strict paternal effect gene. Embryonic lethal phenotypes of affected embryos suggest that ms(3)K81 encodes a sperm-specific product that is essential for the male pronucleus to participate in the first few embryonic nuclear divisions.

          (Yasuda et al., 1995)
          Origin and Etymology
          Discoverer
          Etymology
          Identification
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 25 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (12)
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          References (73)