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Gene Dmel\ninaA

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\ninaA	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	neither inactivation nor afterpotential A	Annotation symbol	CG3966
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0002936
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	5 publicly available
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2L	Recombination map	2-1.4
Cytogenetic map	21E2-21E2	Sequence location	2L:877,302..878,270 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene neither inactivation nor afterpotential A is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\ninaA (CG3966, FBgn0002936). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: cyclosporin A binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: phototransduction; rhodopsin biosynthetic process; phototransduction, visible light; intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. 59 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: photoreceptor cell R2; photoreceptor cell; photoreceptor cell R1; photoreceptor cell R6; photoreceptor cell R5; ommatidium; photoreceptor cell R4; photoreceptor cell R3. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Cyclophilin-like peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase domain; Cyclophilin-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, conserved site. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed during late pupal stages, in adult male stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1623862_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of ninaA. Gene sequence location is 2L:877302..878270.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	ninaA: neither inactivation nor afterpotential A (J.C. Hall; B.H. Shieh) Strong blue light leads to anomalously small degree of photoreceptor inactivation, and the prolonged depolarizing afterpotential PDA (seen after such treatment of wild-type photoreceptor cells) degrades rapidly following blue-light exposure reaching baseline levels within a few seconds; only the six outer photoreceptors (R1-R6) in each eye facet are aberrant physiologically (Larrivee et al., 1981). Rhodopsin levels are much lower than normal in these outer cells; altered gene dosage of ninaA+ does not effect changes in rhodopsin levels; ninaA's mutant phenotypes are not suppressed by feeding on retinoid (e.g. vitamin A-enriched) media.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 21E2-21E2   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(2)k09610k09610&P{lacW}Sk09538a and P{PZ}l(2)1068510685&P{lacW}Tango14k00619
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 21E1-21E1   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Schneuwly et al., 1989) 21E1-21E1   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Shieh et al., 1989)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	2-1.4
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\ninaA for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.45
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) ninaA-RA FBtr0078023  NM_057308   871   237
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	0.95 (northern blot) (Schneuwly et al., 1989) 0.9 (northern blot) (Shieh et al., 1989)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein ninaA-PA   FBpp0077688   26.4   237   7.08     NP_476656   AAF51437
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	237 (aa); 26 (kD predicted) (Schneuwly et al., 1989) 237 (aa) (Shieh et al., 1989, Stamnes et al., 1991)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Cyclophilin-like peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase domain (IPR002130) Cyclophilin-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, conserved site (IPR020892)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE014134 AAF51437   AC004546   AI109627   AI387751   AW941719   AY119494 AAM50148   GH942802   GH980163   GH981801   M22851 AAA28717   X14769 CAA32877
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P15425
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q540W6
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
expression microarray Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage   eye   (Xu et al., 2004) in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 13 -- 16   Bolwig organ   (Fisher et al., 2012) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference pupal stage | late     (Schneuwly et al., 1989) adult stage   adult head   (Schneuwly et al., 1989)
Additional Descriptive Data
	The ninaA transcript appears late in pupal development. It is present in adult heads, but is absent from adult bodies, and from heads of eya adults. (Schneuwly et al., 1989) Eye-enriched transcripts determined by ratio of expression level in wild-type heads. versus expression level in so heads. (Xu et al., 2004)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
western blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage   adult head   (Tian et al., 2013)
Additional Descriptive Data
	ninaA protein is an integral membrane protein. (Stamnes et al., 1991)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle inferred from direct assay (Colley et al., 1991) endoplasmic reticulum lumen inferred from direct assay (Colley et al., 1991) integral to membrane inferred from direct assay (Stamnes et al., 1991) NOT nuclear membrane inferred from direct assay (Colley et al., 1991) NOT rhabdomere inferred from direct assay (Colley et al., 1991)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.15 Larval Midgut    17.2 Larval Hindgut    1.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    10.3 Larval Fat Body    6.7 Larval Salivary Gland    2.1 Larval Trachea    28 Larval Carcass    4.475 Adult Head    596.3 Adult Eye    2789.925 Adult Brain    25.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1.1 Adult Crop    0.8 Adult Midgut    12.6 Adult Hindgut    2.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    7.1 Adult Fat Body    4.2 Adult Salivary Gland    7.9 Adult Heart    3.45 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    4.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    4.9 Adult Ovary    1.8 Adult Testis    2.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.3 Adult Carcass    5.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.15 Larval Midgut    17.2 Larval Hindgut    1.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    10.3 Larval Fat Body    6.7 Larval Salivary Gland    2.1 Larval Trachea    28 Larval Carcass    4.475 Adult Head  (596.3) Adult Eye  (2789.925) Adult Brain    25.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1.1 Adult Crop    0.8 Adult Midgut    12.6 Adult Hindgut    2.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    7.1 Adult Fat Body    4.2 Adult Salivary Gland    7.9 Adult Heart    3.45 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    4.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    4.9 Adult Ovary    1.8 Adult Testis    2.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.3 Adult Carcass    5.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.15 Larval Midgut    17.2 Larval Hindgut    1.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    10.3 Larval Fat Body    6.7 Larval Salivary Gland    2.1 Larval Trachea    28 Larval Carcass    4.475 Adult Head    596.3 Adult Eye  (2789.925) Adult Brain    25.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1.1 Adult Crop    0.8 Adult Midgut    12.6 Adult Hindgut    2.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    7.1 Adult Fat Body    4.2 Adult Salivary Gland    7.9 Adult Heart    3.45 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    4.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    4.9 Adult Ovary    1.8 Adult Testis    2.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.3 Adult Carcass    5.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.15 Larval Midgut    17.2 Larval Hindgut    1.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    10.3 Larval Fat Body    6.7 Larval Salivary Gland    2.1 Larval Trachea    28 Larval Carcass    4.475 Adult Head    596.3 Adult Eye    2789.925 Adult Brain    25.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1.1 Adult Crop    0.8 Adult Midgut    12.6 Adult Hindgut    2.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    7.1 Adult Fat Body    4.2 Adult Salivary Gland    7.9 Adult Heart    3.45 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    4.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    4.9 Adult Ovary    1.8 Adult Testis    2.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.3 Adult Carcass    5.7 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.15 Larval Midgut    17.2 Larval Hindgut    1.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    10.3 Larval Fat Body    6.7 Larval Salivary Gland    2.1 Larval Trachea    28 Larval Carcass    4.475 Adult Head    596.3 Adult Eye    2789.925 Adult Brain    25.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1.1 Adult Crop    0.8 Adult Midgut    12.6 Adult Hindgut    2.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    7.1 Adult Fat Body    4.2 Adult Salivary Gland    7.9 Adult Heart    3.45 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    4.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    4.9 Adult Ovary    1.8 Adult Testis    2.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.3 Adult Carcass    5.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.15 Larval Midgut    17.2 Larval Hindgut    1.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    10.3 Larval Fat Body    6.7 Larval Salivary Gland    2.1 Larval Trachea    28 Larval Carcass    4.475 Adult Head  596.3 Adult Eye  (2789.925) Adult Brain    25.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1.1 Adult Crop    0.8 Adult Midgut    12.6 Adult Hindgut    2.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    7.1 Adult Fat Body    4.2 Adult Salivary Gland    7.9 Adult Heart    3.45 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    4.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    4.9 Adult Ovary    1.8 Adult Testis    2.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.3 Adult Carcass    5.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.15 Larval Midgut    17.2 Larval Hindgut    1.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    10.3 Larval Fat Body    6.7 Larval Salivary Gland    2.1 Larval Trachea    28 Larval Carcass    4.475 Adult Head    596.3 Adult Eye  (2789.925) Adult Brain    25.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1.1 Adult Crop    0.8 Adult Midgut    12.6 Adult Hindgut    2.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    7.1 Adult Fat Body    4.2 Adult Salivary Gland    7.9 Adult Heart    3.45 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    4.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    4.9 Adult Ovary    1.8 Adult Testis    2.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.3 Adult Carcass    5.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.15 Larval Midgut    17.2 Larval Hindgut    1.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    10.3 Larval Fat Body    6.7 Larval Salivary Gland    2.1 Larval Trachea    28 Larval Carcass    4.475 Adult Head    596.3 Adult Eye    2789.925 Adult Brain    25.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1.1 Adult Crop    0.8 Adult Midgut    12.6 Adult Hindgut    2.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    7.1 Adult Fat Body    4.2 Adult Salivary Gland    7.9 Adult Heart    3.45 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    4.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    4.9 Adult Ovary    1.8 Adult Testis    2.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.3 Adult Carcass    5.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    596.3   NA  Eye    2789.925   NA  Brain    25.1   2.15  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1.1   NA  Crop    0.8   no informative data  Midgut    no informative data   1.7  Hindgut    2.3   no informative data  Malpighian Tubules    7.1   6.7  Fat Body    4.2   2.1  Salivary Gland    7.9   NA  Heart    3.45   no informative data  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    4.6   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    4.9   NA  Ovary    1.8   NA  Testis    2.6   NA  Male Accessory Gland    3.3   4.475  Carcass    5.7 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    36 head, virgin 4-day female    47 head, virgin 20-day female    75 head, mated 1-day female    30 head, mated 4-day female    36 head, mated 20-day female    67 head, mated 1-day male    61 head, mated 4-day male    64 head, mated 20-day male    115 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female  (36) head, virgin 4-day female  (47) head, virgin 20-day female  (75) head, mated 1-day female  (30) head, mated 4-day female  (36) head, mated 20-day female  (67) head, mated 1-day male  (61) head, mated 4-day male  (64) head, mated 20-day male  (115) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    36 head, virgin 4-day female    47 head, virgin 20-day female    75 head, mated 1-day female    30 head, mated 4-day female    36 head, mated 20-day female    67 head, mated 1-day male    61 head, mated 4-day male    64 head, mated 20-day male  (115) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    36 head, virgin 4-day female    47 head, virgin 20-day female    75 head, mated 1-day female    30 head, mated 4-day female    36 head, mated 20-day female    67 head, mated 1-day male    61 head, mated 4-day male    64 head, mated 20-day male    115 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    36 head, virgin 4-day female    47 head, virgin 20-day female    75 head, mated 1-day female    30 head, mated 4-day female    36 head, mated 20-day female    67 head, mated 1-day male    61 head, mated 4-day male    64 head, mated 20-day male    115 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female  (36) head, virgin 4-day female  (47) head, virgin 20-day female  (75) head, mated 1-day female  30 head, mated 4-day female  (36) head, mated 20-day female  (67) head, mated 1-day male  (61) head, mated 4-day male  (64) head, mated 20-day male  (115) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    36 head, virgin 4-day female    47 head, virgin 20-day female    75 head, mated 1-day female    30 head, mated 4-day female    36 head, mated 20-day female    67 head, mated 1-day male    61 head, mated 4-day male    64 head, mated 20-day male  115 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    36 head, virgin 4-day female    47 head, virgin 20-day female    75 head, mated 1-day female    30 head, mated 4-day female    36 head, mated 20-day female    67 head, mated 1-day male    61 head, mated 4-day male    64 head, mated 20-day male    115 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed during late pupal stages, in adult male stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    0 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    0 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    33 pupae 4d postWPP    5 adult male 01day    16 adult male 05day    20 adult male 30day    23 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    0 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    0 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP  (33) pupae 4d postWPP    5 adult male 01day    16 adult male 05day    20 adult male 30day    23 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    0 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    0 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    33 pupae 4d postWPP    5 adult male 01day    16 adult male 05day    20 adult male 30day    23 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    0 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    0 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    33 pupae 4d postWPP    5 adult male 01day    16 adult male 05day    20 adult male 30day    23 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    0 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    0 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    33 pupae 4d postWPP    5 adult male 01day    16 adult male 05day    20 adult male 30day    23 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    0 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    0 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP  (33) pupae 4d postWPP    5 adult male 01day    16 adult male 05day    20 adult male 30day    23 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    0 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    0 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    33 pupae 4d postWPP    5 adult male 01day    16 adult male 05day    20 adult male 30day    23 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    0 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    0 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    33 pupae 4d postWPP    5 adult male 01day    16 adult male 05day    20 adult male 30day    23 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    1 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    1 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    1 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    1 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    1 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    1 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    1 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    1 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    1 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    1 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    1 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    1 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    1 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    1 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    1 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    1 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    1 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    1 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    1 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    1 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    1 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    1 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    1 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    1 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    1 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    1 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    1 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    1 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    1 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    1 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    1 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    1 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_00 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_20
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • GH08867 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0002936 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG3966-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Other Phenotypes Allele increased cell death ninaAE110V neurophysiology defective ninaA2 ninaA3 ninaA8 ninaAdelT,F visible | recessive ninaA4 ninaA5 ninaA6 ninaA7 ninaA8 ninaA9 ninaA10 ninaA11 ninaA13 ninaA14 ninaA15 ninaA16 ninaA18 ninaA19 ninaA20 ninaA21 ninaA22 ninaA25 ninaA26 ninaA28 ninaA29 ninaAC136G ninaADup94-109 ninaAE110V ninaAG46E ninaAG46R ninaAG98D ninaAG135D ninaAG213D ninaAH227L ninaAM1I ninaAM1L ninaAQ87stop ninaAQ195stop ninaAQ232stop ninaAR120K ninaAS75L ninaAS219F ninaAstop238R ninaAT55M ninaAV140E ninaAW208stop ninaAΔ44-45 ninaAΔ129-132P ninaAΔ197-201 visible | recessive | cold sensitive ninaA12 visible | recessive | heat sensitive ninaA27 wild-type ninaA+t2.4 Phenotype manifest in Allele ommatidium ninaAE110V photoreceptor cell ninaA2 ninaAE110V ninaAdelT,F photoreceptor cell & endoplasmic reticulum ninaA1 photoreceptor cell R1 ninaA3 photoreceptor cell R2 ninaA3 photoreceptor cell R3 ninaA3 photoreceptor cell R4 ninaA3 photoreceptor cell R5 ninaA3 photoreceptor cell R6 ninaA3 retina | conditional ninaA3
Classical Alleles ( 54 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of ninaA Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion ninaA1 ethyl methanesulfonate 2 Yes ninaA2 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes ninaA3 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaAE110V amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaA10 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaA11 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaA12 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaA13 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaA14 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaA15 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaA16 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaA17 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaA18 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaA19 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaA20 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaA21 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaA22 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaA23 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaA24 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaA25 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaA26 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaA27 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaA28 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaA29 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaA4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaA5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaA6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaA7 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaA8 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaA9 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaAC136G ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaAdelT,F 0 -- ninaADup94-109 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaAG135D ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaAG213D ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaAG46E ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaAG46R ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaAG98D ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaAH227L ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaAM1I ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaAM1L ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaAQ195stop ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaAQ232stop ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaAQ87stop ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaAR120K ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaAS219F ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaAS75L ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaAstop238R ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaAT55M ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaAV140E ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaAW208stop ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaAΔ129-132P ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaAΔ197-201 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ninaAΔ44-45 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of ninaA Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion ninaAGD795 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes ninaA+t2.4 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes ninaAhs.PB in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes ninaANIG.3966R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes ninaAninaE.PB in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(2L)ast4 (Schneuwly et al., 1989) Df(2L)Exel6003 (Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Not disrupted in	Df(2L)ast6 (Schneuwly et al., 1989)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD795} NA P{NIG.3966R} NA reporter construct P{lacZninaA.P} No heat-shock construct P{hs-ninaA} NA characterization construct P{ninaA} NA P{Rh1-ninaA} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 15 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 10 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
cyclosporin A binding inferred from mutant phenotype (Shieh et al., 1989)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress inferred from mutant phenotype (Mendes et al., 2009) phototransduction inferred from physical interaction with ninaE (Baker et al., 1994) phototransduction, visible light inferred from mutant phenotype (Stephenson et al., 1983) rhodopsin biosynthetic process inferred from mutant phenotype (Ozaki et al., 1993)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle inferred from direct assay (Colley et al., 1991) endoplasmic reticulum lumen inferred from direct assay (Colley et al., 1991) integral to membrane inferred from direct assay (Stamnes et al., 1991) NOT nuclear membrane inferred from direct assay (Colley et al., 1991) NOT rhabdomere inferred from direct assay (Colley et al., 1991)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 7 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with EMBL:Y00052 (Stamnes et al., 1991) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.4.1) traceable author statement (Colley et al., 1991, Zuker, 1996)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
'de novo' protein folding non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.4.1) traceable author statement (Colley et al., 1991) phototransduction non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.4.1) traceable author statement (Montell, 1999) protein folding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002130, InterPro:IPR020892 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) rhodopsin biosynthetic process non-traceable author statement (Stamnes et al., 1991) traceable author statement (Colley et al., 1991, Zuker, 1996) transport traceable author statement (Montell, 1999)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
integral to plasma membrane non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.4.1)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
ninaA - Arf79F anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) ninaA - Art8 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) ninaA - CG1444 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) ninaA - CG15098 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) ninaA - CG2064 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) ninaA - CG2065 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) ninaA - CG33303 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) ninaA - CG4169 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) ninaA - CG6980 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) ninaA - Cctγ anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) ninaA - Chc anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) ninaA - Chd64 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) ninaA - Cp1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) ninaA - EfTuM anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) ninaA - Elongin-B anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) ninaA - Rab2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) ninaA - Rab6 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) ninaA - RpS12 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) ninaA - Tapδ anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) ninaA - Tcp-1η anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) ninaA - Trap1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) ninaA - Vps4 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23, Guruharsha et al., 2011) ninaA - cathD anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) ninaA - eIF-4B anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) ninaA - scny anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions ninaA allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 59525 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0002936 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0002936 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 33271
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (47) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG64XK31 Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6NP7CG Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6PNWCW Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG66DJJQ Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6742MZ
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG64XK31)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\ninaA     Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM16777 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG24755 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE17188 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF15071 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA17809 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL16395 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK24444 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ17803 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI21863 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH22542     Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH11251 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6NP7CG)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL009421   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP009991   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ003109
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6PNWCW)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\LOC408428   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG006331   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH13424   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP24763   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO18689   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL18154   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH22071   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB14053   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV24826   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI004011   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA013557   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM363900
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG66DJJQ)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\JGI_V11_301417   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW002493
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6742MZ)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\cyn-6 Y Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\cyn-5 Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_028874gn Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_013756gn Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_004626gn Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_007484gn Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\ENSDARG00000053219 Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\ppib Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\ppib Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\ppic Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\PPIC Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\PPIB Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Ppib Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Ppic Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Ppic Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Ppib Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\PPIC Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\PPIB Y
Human Orthologs (2)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\PPIC     Hsap\PPIB
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD23054 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM16777 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG24755 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE17188 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF15071 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA17809 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL16395 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK24444 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ17803 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI21863 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH11251
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 5 )
Bloomington	3533 ninaA1 3530 w*; ninaA1 42261 w*; ninaA2
VDRC	v51855 w1118; P{GD795}v51855 v51856 w1118; P{GD795}v51856
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR16I01 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 6 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GH08867
Other clones	DPiM_GH08867
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GH18403
Other clones	RP004227566 RP004244899 RP004253951
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0002936 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 33271
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Stamnes et al., 1991)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: ninaA CG3966 (Li, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
	In a sample of 79 genes with multiple introns, 33 showed significant heterogeneity in G+C content among introns of the same gene and significant positive correspondence between the intron and the third codon position G+C content within genes. These results are consistent with selection adding against preferred codons at the start of genes. (Kliman and Eyre-Walker, 1998) ninaA and ninaE bind to form a complex in vivo and the stability of the complex is dependent on the last six amino acids of the ninaA protein. (Baker et al., 1994) 700,000 mutagenised flies were screened for visible deep pseudopupil ninaA phenotype, and 70 new alleles were isolated and characterised. Deep pseudopupil phenotype was scored on a 1-5 scale where 1= null ninaA phenotype and 5= weakest detectable ninaA phenotype. The rate of base changes suggests that mutagenic saturation of ninaA is being approached and that the majority of amino acid changes that remain unrecovered as mutations may be of no phenotypic consequence. (Baker et al., 1994) Major opsin genes can be transcribed in the absence of carotenoid, or retinoid. Expression of mature opsin is extremely depressed by carotenoid deprivation. The chromophore 11-cis-3-hydroxyretinal accelerates the synthesis of opsin by inducing its maturation. (Ozaki et al., 1993) Strong blue light leads to anomalously small degree of photoreceptor inactivation, and the prolonged depolarizing afterpotential PDA (seen after such treatment of wild-type photoreceptor cells) degrades rapidly following blue-light exposure reaching baseline levels within a few seconds. (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) Mutations in ninaA severely inhibit opsin transport from the ER, leading to dramatic accumulations of ER cisternae in the photoreceptor cells. (Colley et al., 1991) ninaA gene product is an integral membrane protein. Ecol\lacZ reporter gene constructs demonstrate that ninaA is a tissue specific cyclophilin. (Stamnes et al., 1991) ninaA gene product is required for the synthesis of rhodopsin in a subset of photoreceptor cell types. (Stamnes et al., 1991) Only the six outer photoreceptors (R1-R6) in each eye facet are aberrant physiologically.Rhodopsin levels are much lower than normal in these outer cells; altered gene dosage of ninaA+ does not effect changes in rhodopsin levels; ninaA's mutant phenotypes are not suppressed by feeding on retinoid (e.g. vitamin A-enriched) media. (Larrivee et al., 1981)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_057308 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_476656 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAA28717 AAF51437 AAM50148 AC004546 AI109627 AW941719 AY119494 CAA32877 M22851 X14769 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 33271 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P15425 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q540W6
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Cyclophilin-like peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase domain (IPR002130) Cyclophilin-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, conserved site (IPR020892) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • GH08867
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 59525 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0002936 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0002936 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0002936 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0002936 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG3966-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0002936 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 33271 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 33271 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0002936
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 7 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG3966 (Goldman and Arbeitman, 2007) ninA (Kliman and Eyre-Walker, 1998) ninaA (Yang et al., 2005, Schneuwly et al., 1989, Ahmad et al., 2006, Landry et al., 2007, Lai et al., 2007, Mendes et al., 2009, Mitra et al., 2011, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Senthilan et al., 2012) NinaA (de Bruyne and Warr, 2006, Satoh et al., 2010, Mendes et al., 2009, Rosenbaum et al., 2011) NINAA (Tian et al., 2013)
Name Synonym	either inactivation nor afterpotential A (Goldman and Arbeitman, 2007) neither inactivation nor afterpotential A (Lai et al., 2007, Mendes et al., 2009)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 86 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 86 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 45 ) Supplementary material  ( 4 ) Review  ( 15 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 5 ) Abstract  ( 7 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) Stock list  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 3 ) Book  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Letter  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 6 )
	Tian et al., 2013, Neuron 77(2): 311--322 Neurexin Regulates Visual Function via Mediating Retinoid Transport to Promote Rhodopsin Maturation. [FBrf0220614] Fouillet et al., 2012, Autophagy 8(6): 915--926 ER stress inhibits neuronal death by promoting autophagy. [FBrf0219300] Senthilan et al., 2012, Cell 150(5): 1042--1054 Drosophila auditory organ genes and genetic hearing defects. [FBrf0219321] Baycin-Hizal et al., 2011, J. Proteome Res. 10(6): 2777--2784 GlycoFly: A Database of Drosophila N-linked Glycoproteins Identified Using SPEG-MS Techniques. [FBrf0213834] Mitra et al., 2011, Molec. Vis. 17: 3224--3233 Characterization of two dominant alleles of the major rhodopsin-encoding gene ninaE in Drosophila. [FBrf0217096] Rosenbaum et al., 2011, Neuron 72(4): 602--615 XPORT-Dependent Transport of TRP and Rhodopsin. [FBrf0216705] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...