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Gene Dmel\nrd

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\nrd	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	neural disrupted	Annotation symbol
Feature type	gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0002967
Gene Model Status	Unannotated	Stock availability	3 publicly available
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)		Recombination map	2-[7]
Cytogenetic map	23A1-23A1	Sequence location
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene neural disrupted is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\nrd (FBgn0002967). It is a gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Its molecular function is unknown. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: nervous system development; germ-band shortening; head involution. 6 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: embryonic/first instar larval cuticle; dorsal closure embryo; cephalopharyngeal skeleton; ventral nerve cord; subesophageal ganglion; extended germ band embryo; embryonic ventral neuromere; presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system; embryonic brain. It has no annotated transcripts. Gene has not been localized to the genome sequence.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	nrd: neural disrupted Embryonic lethal typified by an enlarged brain, irregular ventral nerve cord formation, and disorganized peripheral ganglia; these defects first appear in 10-12 hour embryos and include a delay in germband contraction and a failure of head involution. The CNS of mutant embryos fails to complete the normal condensation that leads to compact paired cerebral hemispheres and a ventral ganglion. In late mutant embryos, the brain, which has protruded dorsally through a hole in the cuticle, remains extended and flattened against the vitelline membrane and the ventral neuromeres are extended posteriorly; discontinuities or thinnings of the ventral nerve cord can frequently be observed. Normal development of the mouth parts and cephalopharyngeal apparatus is disrupted.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 23A1-23A1   Left limit from non-inclusion within Df(2L)dpp-H59 (FBrf0076536) Right limit from inclusion within Df(2L)D20 (FBrf0076536)
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	2-[7]
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa)
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
Expression Clusters
External Data & Images
Linkouts
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal nrd54.6 nrdD20 lethal | embryonic stage nrd1 lethal | embryonic stage | recessive nrd77.3 nrdD46 lethal | recessive nrdD31 Phenotype manifest in Allele cephalopharyngeal skeleton nrd1 dorsal closure embryo nrd1 nrdD46 embryonic/first instar larval cuticle nrd1 embryonic brain nrd1 embryonic ventral neuromere nrd1 extended germ band embryo nrd1 nrdD46 presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system | posterior nrdD46 presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system nrdD46 subesophageal ganglion nrd1 ventral nerve cord nrd1
Classical Alleles ( 6 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of nrd Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion nrdD20 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 2 -- nrdD46 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 -- nrd1 0 -- nrd54.6 0 -- nrd77.3 0 -- nrdD31 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 0 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of nrd Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(2L)D20 (Littleton and Bellen, 1994) Df(2L)D31 (Littleton and Bellen, 1994)
Not disrupted in	Df(2L)dpp-H59 (Littleton and Bellen, 1994) Df(2L)N19 (Littleton and Bellen, 1994)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 3 unique terms )
	There is no information supporting a cellular component or molecular function term for this gene. (Based on a review of available data before: 2006)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
germ-band shortening inferred from mutant phenotype (Littleton and Bellen, 1994) head involution inferred from mutant phenotype (Littleton and Bellen, 1994) nervous system development inferred from mutant phenotype (Littleton and Bellen, 1994)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 0 terms )
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions nrd allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (0) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Dipteran inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Insect inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Arthropod inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Metazoa inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (None identified)
No orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (None identified)
No non-Drosophilid orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (None identified)
No non-Dipteran orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (None identified)
No non-Insect Arthropod orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (None identified)
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Human Orthologs (0)
Gene OMIM HGNC
AAA Orthologs (0) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
No orthologs identified
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 3 )
Bloomington	3665 nrdD46 cn1 bw1 sp1/In(2LR)Gla, wgGla-1 3911 Df(2L)D20, Drp1D20 nrdD20 cn1 bw1 sp1/In(2LR)Gla, wgGla-1
Kyoto	107264 Df(2L)D20, Drp1D20 nrdD20 cn1 bw1 sp1/In(2LR)Gla, wgGla-1
Genomic Clones ( 0 )
cDNA Clones ( 0 )
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 45340
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
	Based on mapping position and allele phenotype the l(2)23Aa complementation group described probably corresponds to nrd. (Littleton and Bellen, 1994) nrd is essential for neuronal development and hatching. (Littleton and Bellen, 1994)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
Other Crossreferences
Linkouts
	GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 45340
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 4 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	l(2)23Aa (Littleton and Bellen, 1994) nrd
Name Synonym	lethal(2)23Aa (Littleton and Bellen, 1994) neural disrupted
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 4 )
Research paper	Littleton and Bellen, 1994, Genetics 138(1): 111--123 Genetic and phenotypic analysis of thirteen essential genes in cytological interval 22F1-2; 23B1-2 reveals novel genes required for neural development in Drosophila. [FBrf0076536]
Abstract	Cheng and Shearn, 2001, A. Dros. Res. Conf. 42: 260B Molecular and genetic interactions between ash2, a trithorax group gene, and skittles, a gene encoding 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinase. [FBrf0134209]
FlyBase analysis	FlyBase Curators, 2002-, Use of the ND evidence code for Gene Ontology (GO) terms in FlyBase. Use of the ND evidence code for Gene Ontology (GO) terms in FlyBase. [FBrf0159398]
Book	Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, The Genome of Drosophila melanogaster. The Genome of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0066905]