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Gene Dmel\ord

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\ord	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	orientation disrupter	Annotation symbol	CG3134
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0003009
Created / Updated	2003-12-01/2003-12-01
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2R	Recombination map	2-103.5
Cytogenetic map	59D4-59D4	Sequence location	2R:19,158,778..19,161,798 [-]
Map ( GBrowse )	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene orientation disrupter is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol ord (CG3134, FBgn0003009). It has the cytological map location 59D4. Its sequence location is 2R:19158778..19161798. Its molecular function is described as protein binding. It is involved in the biological processes: gamete generation; meiosis; mitosis; sister chromatid cohesion; chromosome segregation; female meiosis sister chromatid cohesion; meiotic sister chromatid cohesion; male meiosis sister chromatid cohesion; male meiosis chromosome segregation. 23 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: nuclear chromosome; spermatocyte; cyst cell; testis; meiotic cell cycle; cell cycle; oocyte. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide.
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	ord: orientation disruptor (R.S. Hawley) In females homozygous for ord, exchange is strongly reduced. In both males and females, ord causes a dramatic increase in both reductional and equational nondisjunction as assayed genetically. In male meiosis, Goldstein observed abnormal sister-chromatid associations during prophase as well as precocious sister-chromatid separation, followed by random disjunction during anaphase I. "The bulk of the first division misbehavior consists of sister chromatids' disjoining from one another, a process which normally occurs only during the second meiotic division" (Goldstein). ord also elevates the frequency of mitotic chromosome misbehavior (Baker et al., 1978). "A substantial proportion of this mitotic instability can be accounted for by a hypothesis in which ord causes precocious sister-chromatid separation, followed by random disjunction, in somatic as well as germline cells" (Goldstein). Thus the ord locus likely specifies a function required for sister-chromatid cohesion during most or all cell divisions.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 59D4-59D4   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(2)k07136k07136 and P{lacW}l(2)s4830s4830&P{lacW}chrwk06908
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	2-103.5 (Bickel, 1995.10.30) 2-103.1--103.6 (Miyazaki and Orr-Weaver, 1992)
Left of (cM)	bw (Bickel et al., 1996)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Molecular Map Data
Gene Order (in direction of increasing cytology) References Gene Order (overall orientation not stated) References
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\ord for information on other features
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) ord-RA FBtr0072047  NM_166589   2656   479
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	2.7 (northern blot) (Bickel et al., 1996)
Comments	The ord sequence presented probably represents the testis form. Larger lower abundance transcripts were detected in the ovary. (Bickel et al., 1996)
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kD) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein ord-PA   FBpp0071956   55.2   479   5.91     NP_726303   AAF46975
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kD)	479 (aa); 55 (kD predicted) (Bickel et al., 1996)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE003460 AAF46975   BP548191   X92840 CAA63426
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	Q24434
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Maps to
Does NOT map to
Identified with	FGH125A02 (Mukai et al., 2006)
Mapped Features & Mutations
Please see GBrowse or insertion reports for information on insertions of transgenic constructs and features not listed here Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References point mutation ord[10] 2R:19,161,169..19,161,169 evidence=experimental na_change=T19161169A pr_change=L24@|ord-PA reported_na_change=T?A reported_pr_change=L24@ (Bickel et al., 1997) point mutation ord[9] 2R:19,161,049..19,161,049 evidence=experimental na_change=T19161049A pr_change=I64N|ord-PA reported_na_change=T?A reported_pr_change=I64N (Bickel et al., 1997) point mutation ord[5] 2R:19,160,444..19,160,444 comment=Site of nucleotide substitution in mutant inferred by FlyBase based on reported amino acid change. evidence=experimental na_change=A19160444T pr_change=K245@|ord-PA reported_pr_change=K245@ (Bickel et al., 1996) point mutation ord[6] 2R:19,160,297..19,160,297 comment=Site of nucleotide substitution in mutant inferred by FlyBase based on reported amino acid change. evidence=experimental na_change=T19160297M pr_change=W294R|ord-PA reported_pr_change=W294R (Bickel et al., 1996) point mutation ord[3] 2R:19,160,249..19,160,249 comment=GT to AT mutation in the splice donor site evidence=experimental na_change=G19160249A (Bickel et al., 1996) point mutation ord[7] 2R:19,160,115..19,160,115 comment=TGG to TGA evidence=experimental na_change=G19160115A pr_change=W334@|ord-PA reported_na_change=G?A reported_pr_change=W334@ (Bickel et al., 1997) point mutation ord[8] 2R:19,160,021..19,160,021 evidence=experimental na_change=C19160021T pr_change=H366Y|ord-PA reported_na_change=C?T reported_pr_change=H366Y (Bickel et al., 1997) point mutation ord[2] 2R:19,159,909..19,159,909 comment=Site of nucleotide substitution in mutant inferred by FlyBase based on reported amino acid change. evidence=experimental na_change=G19159909A pr_change=A381T|ord-PA reported_pr_change=A381T (Bickel et al., 1996) point mutation ord[1] 2R:19,159,795..19,159,795 comment=Site of nucleotide substitution in mutant inferred by FlyBase based on reported amino acid change. evidence=experimental na_change=G19159795A pr_change=R401H|ord-PA reported_pr_change=R401H (Bickel et al., 1996) point mutation ord[12] 2R:19,159,747..19,159,747 evidence=experimental na_change=T19159747A pr_change=V417D|ord-PA reported_na_change=T?A reported_pr_change=V417D (Bickel et al., 1997) point mutation ord[11] 2R:19,159,728..19,159,728 evidence=experimental na_change=T19159728A pr_change=S423R|ord-PA reported_na_change=T?A reported_pr_change=S423R (Bickel et al., 1997) point mutation ord[4] 2R:19,159,726..19,159,726 comment=Site of nucleotide substitution in mutant inferred by FlyBase based on reported amino acid change. evidence=experimental na_change=C19159726T pr_change=A424V|ord-PA reported_pr_change=A424V (Bickel et al., 1996) rescue fragment ord[+t6.3] 2R:19,156,118..19,162,418 comment=Reported as a 6.3kb BamHI genomic fragment containing ord; the second BamHI site is not found in the reference sequence; position of restriction fragment inferred by Flybase annotator. evidence=experimental linked_to=BamHI-END_rfrag (Bickel et al., 1996)
External Data
Linkouts	DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs • 1497
Crossreferences
Expression Data
FlyBase-Curated Data
Transcript and Protein data	Please see the FlyBase Gene Expression Report for details of gene expression from the literature.
Summary of Transcript Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Summary of Polypeptide Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference  adult stage  spermatocyte (Balicky et al., 2002)  adult stage  spermatocyte (Balicky et al., 2002)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003009 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • FBgn0003009 GEO (NCBI) - Gene expression data: microarray and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003009
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable ord10 lethal | embryonic stage | maternal effect ordys91 Other Phenotypes Allele wild-type ord+t6.3 ord+t7.3 ord+tD39 meiotic cell cycle defective ord10 ord5 meiotic cell cycle defective (with Df(2R)3-70) ord10 meiotic cell cycle defective | recessive ord2 ord3 ord4 ord5 ord6 meiotic cell cycle defective | male ordys91 meiotic cell cycle defective | male (with Df(2R)bw-S46) ordys91 meiotic cell cycle defective | male (with ord1) ordys91 meiotic cell cycle defective | male (with ordys91) ord1 Sterility Allele female sterile | recessive ord2 ord5 female semi-sterile ordys91 male sterile | partially | recessive ordys91 male fertile ordZ5736 female fertile | reduced ord10 ord2 ord5 ord9 Phenotype manifest in Allele meiotic cell cycle ord+t7.3 nuclear chromosome | female (with ord8) ord1 ord2 ord6 spermatocyte ord1 cyst cell | male ord1 testis ord1 nuclear chromosome (with Df(2R)3-70) ord10 cell cycle (with Df(2R)3-70) ord10 oocyte (with Df(2R)3-70) ord10 nuclear chromosome | female (with ord2) ord11 ord8 nuclear chromosome | female (with ord6) ord11 ord8 nuclear chromosome | female ord11 ord8 nuclear chromosome | female (with ord11) ord2 ord6 meiosis & nuclear chromosome (with Df(2R)3-70) ord5 nuclear chromosome | female (with ord1) ord8 meiosis & nuclear chromosome | male ordys91
Classical Alleles ( 15 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of ord Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion ord10 loss of function ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ord11 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ord12 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ord1 ethyl methanesulfonate 4 Yes ord2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ord3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ord4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ord5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ord6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ord7 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ord8 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ord9 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ordZ5736 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ordunspecified 0 -- ordys91 amorph 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 8 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of ord Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion ord+t6.3 in vitro construct | deletion 0 Yes ord+t7.3 in vitro construct | deletion 0 Yes ord+tD39 in vitro construct | genomic fragment 0 Yes ord6.5BB in vitro construct | deletion 0 Yes ord7.3BPΔ in vitro construct | deletion 0 Yes ordD26 in vitro construct | genomic fragment 0 Yes ordGD5941 in vitro construct | RNAi in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 2 Yes ordT:Avic\GFP in vitro construct | coding region fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Useful deficiency	Df(2R)bw-S46
Disrupted in	Df(2R)3-70 (Bickel et al., 2002, Miyazaki and Orr-Weaver, 1992, Bickel et al., 1996, Moore, 1997) Df(2R)WI213 (Moore, 1997) Df(2R)WI327 (Moore, 1997) Df(2R)WI345 (Moore, 1997) Df(2R)WI362 (Moore, 1997) Df(2R)bw-S46 (Bickel et al., 1996, Bickel et al., 1997, Moore, 1997) Df(2R)bw-WI3128 (Moore, 1997) Df(2R)vir130 (Moore, 1997)
Not disrupted in	Df(2R)Frd-R1 (Moore, 1997) Df(2R)WI3100 (Moore, 1997) Df(2R)WI3117 (Moore, 1997) Df(2R)WI3131 (Moore, 1997) Df(2R)bw-HB132 (Bickel et al., 1996, Moore, 1997) Df(2R)bw-WI320 (Moore, 1997) Df(2R)bw-WI366 (Bickel et al., 1996, Moore, 1997) Df(2R)twi (Moore, 1997) Df(2R)vir-12 (Moore, 1997)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD5941} NA characterization construct P{6.3BB} NA P{6.5BB} NA P{7.3BP} NA P{7.3BPΔ} NA P{D26} NA P{D39} NA P{gfp::ord.B} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions P{}ordys91 NA
Related Comments
	Please look at the allele reports for the complete phenotype data Mutations at ord cause precocious separation of sister chromatids, at earlier stages than do mutations at mei-S332. (Miyazaki and Orr-Weaver, 1992) Mutations at ord affect sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis I in both males and females. (Miyazaki and Orr-Weaver, 1990) ord is required to maintain sister-chromatid cohesion during meiosis in both males an females. Mutations result in defects in cohesion before the first division. (Bickel et al., 1995) Meiotic sister-chromatid cohesion is severely disrupted in flies lacking ord protein and the frequency of missegregation in genetic tests suggests sister chromatid cohesion may be completely abolished. C-terminal part of ord is required for both aspects of ord function. ord function is not essential for cohesion during somatic mitosis as only a slight decrease in viability is observed. (Bickel et al., 1997) Flies that are double mutant for mei-S332 and ord are viable and fertile. ord is epistatic to mei-S332. (Bickel et al., 1998)
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 13 )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
protein binding inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Sce; FB:FBgn0003330 (Balicky et al., 2004)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
chromosome segregation inferred from mutant phenotype (Cook et al., 1997)
female meiosis sister chromatid cohesion inferred from direct assay (Bickel et al., 2002)
gamete generation inferred from mutant phenotype (Miyazaki and Orr-Weaver, 1992)
male meiosis chromosome segregation inferred from mutant phenotype (Hirai et al., 2004)
male meiosis sister chromatid cohesion inferred from direct assay (Balicky et al., 2002)
meiosis inferred from mutant phenotype (Miyazaki and Orr-Weaver, 1992)
meiotic sister chromatid cohesion inferred from mutant phenotype (Webber et al., 2004)
mitosis inferred from mutant phenotype (Miyazaki and Orr-Weaver, 1992)
sister chromatid cohesion inferred from mutant phenotype (Bickel et al., 1996) inferred from mutant phenotype (Balicky et al., 2004)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
cohesin complex inferred from direct assay (Balicky et al., 2004)
female germ cell nucleus inferred from direct assay (Bickel et al., 2002)
male germ cell nucleus inferred from direct assay (Balicky et al., 2002)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	protein_coding_gene   nuclear_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions ord allele Gene References ord+t6.3 mei-S332 (Bickel et al., 1998) ord+t7.3 mei-S332 (Bickel et al., 1998) ord10 mei-S332 (Bickel et al., 1998)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - Interaction data, including yeast 2-hybrid and genetic interactions • 63290
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF13305 Dere\GG20053 Dgri\GH23052 Dmoj\GI21123 Dper\GL11285 Dpse\GA16191 Dsec\GM15567 Dsim\GD25069 Dvir\GJ20970 Dyak\GE11589
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dpse\GA16191
Linkouts
Functional Complementation between Species
Inter-Species Misexpression Data
Produces phenotype in
Produces NO phenotype in
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 6 )
VDRC	v13887 w1118; P{GD5941}v13887 v13888 w1118; P{GD5941}v13888
Bloomington	1433 y1; pr1 ord1/CyO 1344 y1/Dp(1;Y)y+; cn1 mei-S3321 ord1/SM1; svspa-pol
Kyoto	106311 y1; pr1 ord1/CyO 106281 y1/Dp(1;Y)y+; cn1 mei-S3321 ord1/SM1; svspa-pol
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR34K16 BACR04G19
cDNA Clones ( 1 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones	FGH125A02
RNAi & Array Information
Affy Oligo
Linkouts	DRSC - RNAi screening (Harvard): high-throughput cell culture data and design • FBgn0003009 GenomeRNAi - RNAi phenotypes (Heidelberg): high-throughput cell culture data • FBgn0003009
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Position Effect Variegation Data
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Comments About Role
	All alleles are fully viable, even in trans to a deficiency, therefore ord+ has no essential role in somatic mitosis, though a role in mitosis in the germ line is suggested. (Miyazaki and Orr-Weaver, 1992) ord is essential for sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis. (Bickel et al., 1996) ord is necessary for chromosome segregation and can interact specifically with the centromere. (Cook et al., 1997) Analysis of weak ord mutants suggests ord is required for proper centromeric cohesion after arm cohesion is released at the metaphase I/anaphase I transition. ord activity appears to promote centromeric cohesion during meiosis II but is not essential for kinetochore function during anaphase. (Bickel et al., 1997) A balance between the activity of mei-S332 and ord is required for proper regulation of meiotic cohesion. (Bickel et al., 1998) ord is required for the maintenance of meiotic sister cohesion in oocytes. (Bickel et al., 2002)
Comments About Molecular Function
	The C-terminal half of ord is essential for the normal function of the protein, unusual genetic interactions between specific ord alleles also implicates the C-terminal part in protein-protein interactions. In direction of increasing cytology: anon-59Da? ord- (Bickel et al., 1996) ord is not required for mei-S332 protein to localize to meiotic centromeres. (Bickel et al., 1998)
Other Comments
	Negative complementation occurs between strong alleles (typically showing poisoning activity) and weak alleles (typically are poisoned), it is not allele-specific, suggesting that protein-protein interactions are necessary for wild-type ord function. C-terminal part of ord is required to elicit negative complementation effects. (Bickel et al., 1997)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_166589 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_726303 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AE003460 AAF46975 X92840 CAA63426 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • Q24434
Other Crossreferences
Linkouts
	BioGRID - Interaction data, including yeast 2-hybrid and genetic interactions • 63290 DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs • 1497 DRSC - RNAi screening (Harvard): high-throughput cell culture data and design • FBgn0003009 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003009 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • FBgn0003009 FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0003009 GEO (NCBI) - Gene expression data: microarray and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003009 GenomeRNAi - RNAi phenotypes (Heidelberg): high-throughput cell culture data • FBgn0003009
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 6 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG3134   ORD (Webber and Bickel, 2002, Khetani and Bickel, 2001, Bickel et al., 2000, Bickel, 1995.10.30, Pawlowski and Cande, 2005, Zhou and Bickel, 2008) ord (Mukai et al., 2006, Balicky et al., 2004)
Name Synonym	orientation disrupter (Mukai et al., 2006) Orientation disrupter (Cho et al., 2005) orientation disruptor (Subramanian et al., 2003)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 65 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 65 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 24 ) Review  ( 17 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 1 ) Abstract  ( 21 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 )