Gene Dmel\pbl

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General Information

Symbol

Dmel\pbl

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

pebble

Annotation symbol

CG8114

Feature type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0003041

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock availability

20 publicly available

Also Known As

l(3)09645

Genomic Location

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-26

Cytogenetic map

66A18-66A19

Sequence location

3L:7,889,209..7,905,054 [-]

Genomic Maps

Select View:

Summary Information

Automatically generated summary

See sections below for more information

The gene pebble is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\pbl (CG8114, FBgn0003041). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: semaphorin receptor binding; Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity; Rac guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity. There is experimental evidence for 17 unique biological process terms, many of which group under: cellular component organization or biogenesis; biological regulation; cell cycle; single-organism developmental process; cell cycle process; localization; regulation of developmental process; mesoderm morphogenesis; cytokinesis after meiosis; cellular process. 59 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system subdivision; portion of tissue; extended germ band embryo; organ system; external compound sense organ; organelle; adult segment; peripheral nervous system; cytoplasmic part; ventral nerve cord primordium. It has 6 annotated transcripts and 6 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: BRCT domain; Dbl homology (DH) domain; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor Ect2. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult salivary gland, adult ovary. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult central nervous system, larval/adult hindgut, adult heart, adult male accessory gland, larval carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1623785_a_at completely aligns to an exonic region common to each of the 5 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of pbl. Gene sequence location is 3L:7889209..7905054.

User Contributed Data

Beta version, feedback welcome

External Summaries

Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)

Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage

pbl: pebble

Homozygous lethal in embryo. Mutant embryos have rudimentary head skeleton, denticle bands and filzkorper; posterior end is on dorsal side. Mitosis defective resulting in fewer and much larger cells in embryo.

Recent Updates

Description

What does this section display?

This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms).

What does this section not display?

This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.

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FB2013_03

FB2013_02

Controlled Vocabulary Terms

negative regulation of cell size

semaphorin receptor binding

defasciculation of motor neuron axon

All updates

Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.

Detailed Mapping Data

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

66A18-66A19

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)07217⁰⁸²²³&P{EP}Rac2^EP3118 and P{lacW}Nmt^j1C7

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

66A17-66A18

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000)

66B1-66B2

(Prokopenko, 1999.8.3)

66A17-66A18

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Spradling et al., 1999)

66B1-66B5

(determined by in situ hybridisation) 66A20--22 (determined by in situ hybridisation) 66B (determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Prokopenko et al., 1999)

66B-66B

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Szeged Stock Center, 1998-)

66A-66B

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Salzberg et al., 1997)

66A-66A

(determined by in situ hybridisation) 66B (determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Deak et al., 1997)

66A17-66A18

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

66B1-66B2

Location based on deficiency mapping.

(Giansanti et al., 2004)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-26

(Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

(Giansanti et al., 2004)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Gene Model & Products

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\pbl for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Associated CDS (aa)

pbl-RA

FBtr0076771

NM_168241

3673

853

pbl-RB

FBtr0076772

NM_079241

5047

1311

pbl-RC

FBtr0076773

NM_168242

3311

782

pbl-RD

FBtr0076774

NM_168243

4685

1240

pbl-RE

FBtr0112817

NM_001104070

3318

900

pbl-RF

FBtr0306647

NM_001259732

2598

567

Additional Transcript Data & Comments

Reported size (kB)

5.5, 4.0 (northern blot)

(Prokopenko et al., 1999)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank protein

pbl-PA

FBpp0076486

96.4

853

7.23

NP_729306

AAF50508

pbl-PB

FBpp0076487

146.0

1311

6.05

NP_523965

AAN12028

pbl-PC

FBpp0076488

88.7

782

8.58

NP_729307

AAN12029

pbl-PD

FBpp0076489

138.2

1240

6.72

NP_729308

AAN12030

pbl-PE

FBpp0111729

101.7

900

7.76

NP_001097540

ABW08489

pbl-PF

FBpp0297602

64.1

567

8.75

NP_001246661

AFH04332

Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments

Reported size (kDa)

853 (aa)

(Prokopenko et al., 1999)

Comments

External Data

Linkouts

Crossreferences

InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites

•

Dbl homology (DH) domain (IPR000219)

BRCT domain (IPR001357)

Guanine nucleotide exchange factor Ect2 (IPR026817)

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

DDBJ /
EMBL /
GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

Name

Mapped Features

Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details.

Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports.

Type

Symbol & Location

Additional Notes

References

External Data

Linkouts

Crossreferences

Expression Data

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism | ubiquitous

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

pole plasm

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

embryonic stage 4 -- 12

pole cell

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

embryonic stage 11

mesoderm | ubiquitous

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

ectoderm | ubiquitous

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

embryonic brain

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

embryonic stage 12

ventral nerve cord

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

ectoderm

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

mesoderm

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

embryonic stage 16

neuroblast of embryonic brain

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

embryonic stage 16 -- 17

embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system | faint

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

ectoderm | faint

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

embryonic/larval pharynx | faint

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

embryonic/larval gut | faint

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage -- adult stage

(Prokopenko et al., 1999)

embryonic stage 1 -- 16

organism

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

adult stage

organism

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

Additional Descriptive Data

pbl transcripts are expressed thoughout development.

(Prokopenko et al., 1999)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

embryonic cortex | ubiquitous

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

pole plasm

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

embryonic stage 4

organism

• nucleus

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

embryonic stage 4 -- 12

pole cell

• nucleus

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

embryonic stage 6 -- 11

somatic cell

• nucleus

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

embryonic stage 13

embryonic brain

• nucleus

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

organism | ubiquitous

• nucleus

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

embryonic stage 16

neuroblast of embryonic/larval brain

• nucleus

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

neuroblast of ventral nerve cord

• nucleus

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

gonad

• nucleus

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

embryonic hindgut

• nucleus

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

western blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

organism

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

Additional Descriptive Data

pbl protein is expressed dynamically during the cell cycle. It is not detected during late prophase, metaphase, or early anaphase. It is first detected in late anaphase where it colocalizes with the separate chromosomes, reaches a peak in telophase nuclei, and persists into interphase. pbl protein is also associated with the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis.

(Prokopenko et al., 1999)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)

CV term

Evidence

References

cell cortex

inferred from direct assay

(van Impel et al., 2009)

cleavage furrow

inferred from direct assay

(van Impel et al., 2009)

nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(van Impel et al., 2009)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{lacW}pbl^S054203a

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

Malpighian tubule

(Salzberg et al., 1997)

presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system

(Salzberg et al., 1997)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray

FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data

(FlyAtlas-RNA.adult)

(FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Back-to-back
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High level expression bin max
	Very high expression bin max

Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult salivary gland, adult ovary. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult central nervous system, larval/adult hindgut, adult heart, adult male accessory gland, larval carcass.
[download data (TSV)]

Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors
	No expression (0 - 9.999)
	Low expression (10 - 99.999)
	Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)
	High level expression (500 - 999.999)
	Very high expression (>999.999)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		310.6
Larval Midgut		47.8
Larval Hindgut		129.3
Larval Malpighian Tubules		30.9
Larval Fat Body		34.6
Larval Salivary Gland		987.2
Larval Trachea		83.9
Larval Carcass		170.3
Adult Head		61.6
Adult Eye		16.175
Adult Brain		103
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		162
Adult Crop		91.8
Adult Midgut		41.5
Adult Hindgut		220
Adult Malpighian Tubules		14.7
Adult Fat Body		11.2
Adult Salivary Gland		948.1
Adult Heart		212.025
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		18.3
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		27.3
Adult Ovary		639.8
Adult Testis		93.5
Adult Male Accessory Gland		136.8
Adult Carcass		75.5
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High Very high

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		310.6
Larval Midgut		47.8
Larval Hindgut		129.3
Larval Malpighian Tubules		30.9
Larval Fat Body		34.6
Larval Salivary Gland		(987.2)
Larval Trachea		83.9
Larval Carcass		170.3
Adult Head		61.6
Adult Eye		16.175
Adult Brain		103
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		162
Adult Crop		91.8
Adult Midgut		41.5
Adult Hindgut		220
Adult Malpighian Tubules		14.7
Adult Fat Body		11.2
Adult Salivary Gland		(948.1)
Adult Heart		212.025
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		18.3
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		27.3
Adult Ovary		(639.8)
Adult Testis		93.5
Adult Male Accessory Gland		136.8
Adult Carcass		75.5
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High

Linear, scaled to High level expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		310.6
Larval Midgut		47.8
Larval Hindgut		129.3
Larval Malpighian Tubules		30.9
Larval Fat Body		34.6
Larval Salivary Gland		987.2
Larval Trachea		83.9
Larval Carcass		170.3
Adult Head		61.6
Adult Eye		16.175
Adult Brain		103
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		162
Adult Crop		91.8
Adult Midgut		41.5
Adult Hindgut		220
Adult Malpighian Tubules		14.7
Adult Fat Body		11.2
Adult Salivary Gland		948.1
Adult Heart		212.025
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		18.3
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		27.3
Adult Ovary		639.8
Adult Testis		93.5
Adult Male Accessory Gland		136.8
Adult Carcass		75.5
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High Very high

Linear, scaled to Very high expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		310.6
Larval Midgut		47.8
Larval Hindgut		129.3
Larval Malpighian Tubules		30.9
Larval Fat Body		34.6
Larval Salivary Gland		987.2
Larval Trachea		83.9
Larval Carcass		170.3
Adult Head		61.6
Adult Eye		16.175
Adult Brain		103
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		162
Adult Crop		91.8
Adult Midgut		41.5
Adult Hindgut		220
Adult Malpighian Tubules		14.7
Adult Fat Body		11.2
Adult Salivary Gland		948.1
Adult Heart		212.025
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		18.3
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		27.3
Adult Ovary		639.8
Adult Testis		93.5
Adult Male Accessory Gland		136.8
Adult Carcass		75.5
Expression Level Scale		Very high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		310.6
Larval Midgut		47.8
Larval Hindgut		129.3
Larval Malpighian Tubules		30.9
Larval Fat Body		34.6
Larval Salivary Gland		987.2
Larval Trachea		83.9
Larval Carcass		170.3
Adult Head		61.6
Adult Eye		16.175
Adult Brain		103
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		162
Adult Crop		91.8
Adult Midgut		41.5
Adult Hindgut		220
Adult Malpighian Tubules		14.7
Adult Fat Body		11.2
Adult Salivary Gland		948.1
Adult Heart		212.025
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		18.3
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		27.3
Adult Ovary		639.8
Adult Testis		93.5
Adult Male Accessory Gland		136.8
Adult Carcass		75.5
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High Very high

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		310.6
Larval Midgut		47.8
Larval Hindgut		129.3
Larval Malpighian Tubules		30.9
Larval Fat Body		34.6
Larval Salivary Gland		(987.2)
Larval Trachea		83.9
Larval Carcass		170.3
Adult Head		61.6
Adult Eye		16.175
Adult Brain		103
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		162
Adult Crop		91.8
Adult Midgut		41.5
Adult Hindgut		220
Adult Malpighian Tubules		14.7
Adult Fat Body		11.2
Adult Salivary Gland		(948.1)
Adult Heart		212.025
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		18.3
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		27.3
Adult Ovary		639.8
Adult Testis		93.5
Adult Male Accessory Gland		136.8
Adult Carcass		75.5
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High

log, scaled to High level expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		310.6
Larval Midgut		47.8
Larval Hindgut		129.3
Larval Malpighian Tubules		30.9
Larval Fat Body		34.6
Larval Salivary Gland		987.2
Larval Trachea		83.9
Larval Carcass		170.3
Adult Head		61.6
Adult Eye		16.175
Adult Brain		103
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		162
Adult Crop		91.8
Adult Midgut		41.5
Adult Hindgut		220
Adult Malpighian Tubules		14.7
Adult Fat Body		11.2
Adult Salivary Gland		948.1
Adult Heart		212.025
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		18.3
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		27.3
Adult Ovary		639.8
Adult Testis		93.5
Adult Male Accessory Gland		136.8
Adult Carcass		75.5
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High Very high

log, scaled to Very high expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		310.6
Larval Midgut		47.8
Larval Hindgut		129.3
Larval Malpighian Tubules		30.9
Larval Fat Body		34.6
Larval Salivary Gland		987.2
Larval Trachea		83.9
Larval Carcass		170.3
Adult Head		61.6
Adult Eye		16.175
Adult Brain		103
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		162
Adult Crop		91.8
Adult Midgut		41.5
Adult Hindgut		220
Adult Malpighian Tubules		14.7
Adult Fat Body		11.2
Adult Salivary Gland		948.1
Adult Heart		212.025
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		18.3
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		27.3
Adult Ovary		639.8
Adult Testis		93.5
Adult Male Accessory Gland		136.8
Adult Carcass		75.5
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High Very high

Heatmap
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
Larval Midgut
Larval Hindgut
Larval Malpighian Tubules
Larval Fat Body
Larval Salivary Gland
Larval Trachea
Larval Carcass
Adult Head
Adult Eye
Adult Brain
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
Adult Crop
Adult Midgut
Adult Hindgut
Adult Malpighian Tubules
Adult Fat Body
Adult Salivary Gland
Adult Heart
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
Adult Ovary
Adult Testis
Adult Male Accessory Gland
Adult Carcass

FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult
Larval Expression Level	Tissue	Adult Expression Level
NA	Head	61.6
NA	Eye	no informative data
NA	Brain	103
310.6	Central Nervous System	NA
NA	Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion	162
NA	Crop	91.8
47.8	Midgut	41.5
129.3	Hindgut	220
30.9	Malpighian Tubules	no informative data
no informative data	Fat Body	no informative data
987.2	Salivary Gland	948.1
NA	Heart	212.025
83.9	Trachea	NA
NA	VirginFemale Spermatheca	no informative data
NA	InseminatedFemale Spermatheca	no informative data
NA	Ovary	639.8
NA	Testis	93.5
NA	Male Accessory Gland	136.8
170.3	Carcass	75.5

FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)

modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq

modENCODE Tissue Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High expression bin max
	Extremely high expression bin max

[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
	No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
	Very low expression (1 - 3)
	Low expression (4 - 10)
	Moderate expression (11 - 25)
	Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
	High expression (51 - 100)
	Very high expression (101 - 1000)
	Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		10
central nervous system, larvae L3		11
central nervous system, pupae P8		2
head, virgin 1-day female		2
head, virgin 4-day female		1
head, virgin 20-day female		1
head, mated 1-day female		2
head, mated 4-day female		1
head, mated 20-day female		1
head, mated 1-day male		2
head, mated 4-day male		2
head, mated 20-day male		2
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		2
salivary gland, white prepupae		1
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		2
digestive system, 1-day adult		1
digestive system, 4-day adult		2
digestive system, 20-day adult		2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		0
fat body, white prepupae		2
fat body, pupae P8		2
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		7
carcass, 1-day adult		2
carcass, 4-day adult		3
carcass, 20-day adult		2
ovary, virgin 4-day female		49
ovary, mated 4-day female		41
testis, mated 4-day male		2
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		1
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		10
central nervous system, larvae L3		11
central nervous system, pupae P8		2
head, virgin 1-day female		2
head, virgin 4-day female		1
head, virgin 20-day female		1
head, mated 1-day female		2
head, mated 4-day female		1
head, mated 20-day female		1
head, mated 1-day male		2
head, mated 4-day male		2
head, mated 20-day male		2
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		2
salivary gland, white prepupae		1
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		2
digestive system, 1-day adult		1
digestive system, 4-day adult		2
digestive system, 20-day adult		2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		0
fat body, white prepupae		2
fat body, pupae P8		2
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		7
carcass, 1-day adult		2
carcass, 4-day adult		3
carcass, 20-day adult		2
ovary, virgin 4-day female		(49)
ovary, mated 4-day female		(41)
testis, mated 4-day male		2
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		1
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to High expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		10
central nervous system, larvae L3		11
central nervous system, pupae P8		2
head, virgin 1-day female		2
head, virgin 4-day female		1
head, virgin 20-day female		1
head, mated 1-day female		2
head, mated 4-day female		1
head, mated 20-day female		1
head, mated 1-day male		2
head, mated 4-day male		2
head, mated 20-day male		2
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		2
salivary gland, white prepupae		1
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		2
digestive system, 1-day adult		1
digestive system, 4-day adult		2
digestive system, 20-day adult		2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		0
fat body, white prepupae		2
fat body, pupae P8		2
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		7
carcass, 1-day adult		2
carcass, 4-day adult		3
carcass, 20-day adult		2
ovary, virgin 4-day female		49
ovary, mated 4-day female		41
testis, mated 4-day male		2
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		1
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		10
central nervous system, larvae L3		11
central nervous system, pupae P8		2
head, virgin 1-day female		2
head, virgin 4-day female		1
head, virgin 20-day female		1
head, mated 1-day female		2
head, mated 4-day female		1
head, mated 20-day female		1
head, mated 1-day male		2
head, mated 4-day male		2
head, mated 20-day male		2
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		2
salivary gland, white prepupae		1
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		2
digestive system, 1-day adult		1
digestive system, 4-day adult		2
digestive system, 20-day adult		2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		0
fat body, white prepupae		2
fat body, pupae P8		2
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		7
carcass, 1-day adult		2
carcass, 4-day adult		3
carcass, 20-day adult		2
ovary, virgin 4-day female		49
ovary, mated 4-day female		41
testis, mated 4-day male		2
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		1
Expression Level Scale		Extremely high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		10
central nervous system, larvae L3		11
central nervous system, pupae P8		2
head, virgin 1-day female		2
head, virgin 4-day female		1
head, virgin 20-day female		1
head, mated 1-day female		2
head, mated 4-day female		1
head, mated 20-day female		1
head, mated 1-day male		2
head, mated 4-day male		2
head, mated 20-day male		2
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		2
salivary gland, white prepupae		1
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		2
digestive system, 1-day adult		1
digestive system, 4-day adult		2
digestive system, 20-day adult		2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		0
fat body, white prepupae		2
fat body, pupae P8		2
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		7
carcass, 1-day adult		2
carcass, 4-day adult		3
carcass, 20-day adult		2
ovary, virgin 4-day female		49
ovary, mated 4-day female		41
testis, mated 4-day male		2
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		1
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		10
central nervous system, larvae L3		11
central nervous system, pupae P8		2
head, virgin 1-day female		2
head, virgin 4-day female		1
head, virgin 20-day female		1
head, mated 1-day female		2
head, mated 4-day female		1
head, mated 20-day female		1
head, mated 1-day male		2
head, mated 4-day male		2
head, mated 20-day male		2
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		2
salivary gland, white prepupae		1
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		2
digestive system, 1-day adult		1
digestive system, 4-day adult		2
digestive system, 20-day adult		2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		0
fat body, white prepupae		2
fat body, pupae P8		2
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		7
carcass, 1-day adult		2
carcass, 4-day adult		3
carcass, 20-day adult		2
ovary, virgin 4-day female		(49)
ovary, mated 4-day female		(41)
testis, mated 4-day male		2
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		1
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to High expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		10
central nervous system, larvae L3		11
central nervous system, pupae P8		2
head, virgin 1-day female		2
head, virgin 4-day female		1
head, virgin 20-day female		1
head, mated 1-day female		2
head, mated 4-day female		1
head, mated 20-day female		1
head, mated 1-day male		2
head, mated 4-day male		2
head, mated 20-day male		2
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		2
salivary gland, white prepupae		1
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		2
digestive system, 1-day adult		1
digestive system, 4-day adult		2
digestive system, 20-day adult		2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		0
fat body, white prepupae		2
fat body, pupae P8		2
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		7
carcass, 1-day adult		2
carcass, 4-day adult		3
carcass, 20-day adult		2
ovary, virgin 4-day female		49
ovary, mated 4-day female		41
testis, mated 4-day male		2
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		1
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		10
central nervous system, larvae L3		11
central nervous system, pupae P8		2
head, virgin 1-day female		2
head, virgin 4-day female		1
head, virgin 20-day female		1
head, mated 1-day female		2
head, mated 4-day female		1
head, mated 20-day female		1
head, mated 1-day male		2
head, mated 4-day male		2
head, mated 20-day male		2
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		2
salivary gland, white prepupae		1
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		2
digestive system, 1-day adult		1
digestive system, 4-day adult		2
digestive system, 20-day adult		2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		0
fat body, white prepupae		2
fat body, pupae P8		2
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		7
carcass, 1-day adult		2
carcass, 4-day adult		3
carcass, 20-day adult		2
ovary, virgin 4-day female		49
ovary, mated 4-day female		41
testis, mated 4-day male		2
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		1
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high Extremely high

Heatmap
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
central nervous system, larvae L3
central nervous system, pupae P8
head, virgin 1-day female
head, virgin 4-day female
head, virgin 20-day female
head, mated 1-day female
head, mated 4-day female
head, mated 20-day female
head, mated 1-day male
head, mated 4-day male
head, mated 20-day male
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
salivary gland, white prepupae
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
digestive system, 1-day adult
digestive system, 4-day adult
digestive system, 20-day adult
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
fat body, white prepupae
fat body, pupae P8
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
carcass, 1-day adult
carcass, 4-day adult
carcass, 20-day adult
ovary, virgin 4-day female
ovary, mated 4-day female
testis, mated 4-day male
accessory gland, mated 4-day male

modENCODE Development RNA-Seq

modENCODE Temporal Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High expression bin max
	Extremely high expression bin max

Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages.
[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
	No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
	Very low expression (1 - 3)
	Low expression (4 - 10)
	Moderate expression (11 - 25)
	Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
	High expression (51 - 100)
	Very high expression (101 - 1000)
	Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		42
embryo 02-04hr		57
embryo 04-06hr		69
embryo 06-08hr		37
embryo 08-10hr		23
embryo 10-12hr		13
embryo 12-14hr		9
embryo 14-16hr		5
embryo 16-18hr		6
embryo 18-20hr		7
embryo 20-22hr		10
embryo 22-24hr		13
larva L1		4
larva L2		3
larva L3 12hr old		4
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		6
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		8
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		11
white prepupae new		9
white prepupae 12hr		25
white prepupae 24hr		10
pupae 2d postWPP		5
pupae 3d postWPP		4
pupae 4d postWPP		9
adult male 01day		6
adult male 05day		6
adult male 30day		5
adult female 01day		16
adult female 05day		31
adult female 30day		31
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		(42)
embryo 02-04hr		(57)
embryo 04-06hr		(69)
embryo 06-08hr		(37)
embryo 08-10hr		23
embryo 10-12hr		13
embryo 12-14hr		9
embryo 14-16hr		5
embryo 16-18hr		6
embryo 18-20hr		7
embryo 20-22hr		10
embryo 22-24hr		13
larva L1		4
larva L2		3
larva L3 12hr old		4
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		6
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		8
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		11
white prepupae new		9
white prepupae 12hr		25
white prepupae 24hr		10
pupae 2d postWPP		5
pupae 3d postWPP		4
pupae 4d postWPP		9
adult male 01day		6
adult male 05day		6
adult male 30day		5
adult female 01day		16
adult female 05day		(31)
adult female 30day		(31)
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to High expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		42
embryo 02-04hr		57
embryo 04-06hr		69
embryo 06-08hr		37
embryo 08-10hr		23
embryo 10-12hr		13
embryo 12-14hr		9
embryo 14-16hr		5
embryo 16-18hr		6
embryo 18-20hr		7
embryo 20-22hr		10
embryo 22-24hr		13
larva L1		4
larva L2		3
larva L3 12hr old		4
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		6
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		8
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		11
white prepupae new		9
white prepupae 12hr		25
white prepupae 24hr		10
pupae 2d postWPP		5
pupae 3d postWPP		4
pupae 4d postWPP		9
adult male 01day		6
adult male 05day		6
adult male 30day		5
adult female 01day		16
adult female 05day		31
adult female 30day		31
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		42
embryo 02-04hr		57
embryo 04-06hr		69
embryo 06-08hr		37
embryo 08-10hr		23
embryo 10-12hr		13
embryo 12-14hr		9
embryo 14-16hr		5
embryo 16-18hr		6
embryo 18-20hr		7
embryo 20-22hr		10
embryo 22-24hr		13
larva L1		4
larva L2		3
larva L3 12hr old		4
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		6
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		8
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		11
white prepupae new		9
white prepupae 12hr		25
white prepupae 24hr		10
pupae 2d postWPP		5
pupae 3d postWPP		4
pupae 4d postWPP		9
adult male 01day		6
adult male 05day		6
adult male 30day		5
adult female 01day		16
adult female 05day		31
adult female 30day		31
Expression Level Scale		Extremely high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		42
embryo 02-04hr		57
embryo 04-06hr		69
embryo 06-08hr		37
embryo 08-10hr		23
embryo 10-12hr		13
embryo 12-14hr		9
embryo 14-16hr		5
embryo 16-18hr		6
embryo 18-20hr		7
embryo 20-22hr		10
embryo 22-24hr		13
larva L1		4
larva L2		3
larva L3 12hr old		4
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		6
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		8
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		11
white prepupae new		9
white prepupae 12hr		25
white prepupae 24hr		10
pupae 2d postWPP		5
pupae 3d postWPP		4
pupae 4d postWPP		9
adult male 01day		6
adult male 05day		6
adult male 30day		5
adult female 01day		16
adult female 05day		31
adult female 30day		31
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		(42)
embryo 02-04hr		(57)
embryo 04-06hr		(69)
embryo 06-08hr		(37)
embryo 08-10hr		23
embryo 10-12hr		13
embryo 12-14hr		9
embryo 14-16hr		5
embryo 16-18hr		6
embryo 18-20hr		7
embryo 20-22hr		10
embryo 22-24hr		13
larva L1		4
larva L2		3
larva L3 12hr old		4
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		6
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		8
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		11
white prepupae new		9
white prepupae 12hr		25
white prepupae 24hr		10
pupae 2d postWPP		5
pupae 3d postWPP		4
pupae 4d postWPP		9
adult male 01day		6
adult male 05day		6
adult male 30day		5
adult female 01day		16
adult female 05day		31
adult female 30day		31
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to High expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		42
embryo 02-04hr		57
embryo 04-06hr		69
embryo 06-08hr		37
embryo 08-10hr		23
embryo 10-12hr		13
embryo 12-14hr		9
embryo 14-16hr		5
embryo 16-18hr		6
embryo 18-20hr		7
embryo 20-22hr		10
embryo 22-24hr		13
larva L1		4
larva L2		3
larva L3 12hr old		4
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		6
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		8
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		11
white prepupae new		9
white prepupae 12hr		25
white prepupae 24hr		10
pupae 2d postWPP		5
pupae 3d postWPP		4
pupae 4d postWPP		9
adult male 01day		6
adult male 05day		6
adult male 30day		5
adult female 01day		16
adult female 05day		31
adult female 30day		31
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		42
embryo 02-04hr		57
embryo 04-06hr		69
embryo 06-08hr		37
embryo 08-10hr		23
embryo 10-12hr		13
embryo 12-14hr		9
embryo 14-16hr		5
embryo 16-18hr		6
embryo 18-20hr		7
embryo 20-22hr		10
embryo 22-24hr		13
larva L1		4
larva L2		3
larva L3 12hr old		4
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		6
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		8
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		11
white prepupae new		9
white prepupae 12hr		25
white prepupae 24hr		10
pupae 2d postWPP		5
pupae 3d postWPP		4
pupae 4d postWPP		9
adult male 01day		6
adult male 05day		6
adult male 30day		5
adult female 01day		16
adult female 05day		31
adult female 30day		31
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high Extremely high

Heatmap
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
embryo 02-04hr
embryo 04-06hr
embryo 06-08hr
embryo 08-10hr
embryo 10-12hr
embryo 12-14hr
embryo 14-16hr
embryo 16-18hr
embryo 18-20hr
embryo 20-22hr
embryo 22-24hr
larva L1
larva L2
larva L3 12hr old
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
white prepupae new
white prepupae 12hr
white prepupae 24hr
pupae 2d postWPP
pupae 3d postWPP
pupae 4d postWPP
adult male 01day
adult male 05day
adult male 30day
adult female 01day
adult female 05day
adult female 30day

modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)

modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq

modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A)

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High expression bin max
	Extremely high expression bin max

[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
	No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
	Very low expression (1 - 3)
	Low expression (4 - 10)
	Moderate expression (11 - 25)
	Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
	High expression (51 - 100)
	Very high expression (101 - 1000)
	Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		22
Schneider line 2 Sg4		17
embryonic 1182-4H		14
embryonic GM2		8
embryonic Kc167		7
embryonic S1		12
embryonic S3		13
leg disc CME L1		11
wing disc CME-W2		14
wing disc ML-DmD8		16
wing disc ML-DmD9		13
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		12
wing disc ML-DmD21		13
wing disc ML-DmD32		13
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		20
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		11
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		10
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		15
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		9
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		15
tumorous blood cells mbn2		15
ovary fGS/OSS		10
ovary OSC		27
ovary OSS		7
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		22
Schneider line 2 Sg4		17
embryonic 1182-4H		14
embryonic GM2		8
embryonic Kc167		7
embryonic S1		12
embryonic S3		13
leg disc CME L1		11
wing disc CME-W2		14
wing disc ML-DmD8		16
wing disc ML-DmD9		13
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		12
wing disc ML-DmD21		13
wing disc ML-DmD32		13
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		20
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		11
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		10
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		15
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		9
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		15
tumorous blood cells mbn2		15
ovary fGS/OSS		10
ovary OSC		(27)
ovary OSS		7
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to High expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		22
Schneider line 2 Sg4		17
embryonic 1182-4H		14
embryonic GM2		8
embryonic Kc167		7
embryonic S1		12
embryonic S3		13
leg disc CME L1		11
wing disc CME-W2		14
wing disc ML-DmD8		16
wing disc ML-DmD9		13
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		12
wing disc ML-DmD21		13
wing disc ML-DmD32		13
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		20
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		11
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		10
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		15
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		9
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		15
tumorous blood cells mbn2		15
ovary fGS/OSS		10
ovary OSC		27
ovary OSS		7
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		22
Schneider line 2 Sg4		17
embryonic 1182-4H		14
embryonic GM2		8
embryonic Kc167		7
embryonic S1		12
embryonic S3		13
leg disc CME L1		11
wing disc CME-W2		14
wing disc ML-DmD8		16
wing disc ML-DmD9		13
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		12
wing disc ML-DmD21		13
wing disc ML-DmD32		13
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		20
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		11
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		10
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		15
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		9
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		15
tumorous blood cells mbn2		15
ovary fGS/OSS		10
ovary OSC		27
ovary OSS		7
Expression Level Scale		Extremely high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		22
Schneider line 2 Sg4		17
embryonic 1182-4H		14
embryonic GM2		8
embryonic Kc167		7
embryonic S1		12
embryonic S3		13
leg disc CME L1		11
wing disc CME-W2		14
wing disc ML-DmD8		16
wing disc ML-DmD9		13
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		12
wing disc ML-DmD21		13
wing disc ML-DmD32		13
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		20
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		11
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		10
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		15
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		9
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		15
tumorous blood cells mbn2		15
ovary fGS/OSS		10
ovary OSC		27
ovary OSS		7
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		22
Schneider line 2 Sg4		17
embryonic 1182-4H		14
embryonic GM2		8
embryonic Kc167		7
embryonic S1		12
embryonic S3		13
leg disc CME L1		11
wing disc CME-W2		14
wing disc ML-DmD8		16
wing disc ML-DmD9		13
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		12
wing disc ML-DmD21		13
wing disc ML-DmD32		13
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		20
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		11
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		10
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		15
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		9
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		15
tumorous blood cells mbn2		15
ovary fGS/OSS		10
ovary OSC		27
ovary OSS		7
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to High expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		22
Schneider line 2 Sg4		17
embryonic 1182-4H		14
embryonic GM2		8
embryonic Kc167		7
embryonic S1		12
embryonic S3		13
leg disc CME L1		11
wing disc CME-W2		14
wing disc ML-DmD8		16
wing disc ML-DmD9		13
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		12
wing disc ML-DmD21		13
wing disc ML-DmD32		13
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		20
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		11
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		10
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		15
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		9
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		15
tumorous blood cells mbn2		15
ovary fGS/OSS		10
ovary OSC		27
ovary OSS		7
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		22
Schneider line 2 Sg4		17
embryonic 1182-4H		14
embryonic GM2		8
embryonic Kc167		7
embryonic S1		12
embryonic S3		13
leg disc CME L1		11
wing disc CME-W2		14
wing disc ML-DmD8		16
wing disc ML-DmD9		13
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		12
wing disc ML-DmD21		13
wing disc ML-DmD32		13
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		20
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		11
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		10
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		15
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		9
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		15
tumorous blood cells mbn2		15
ovary fGS/OSS		10
ovary OSC		27
ovary OSS		7
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high Extremely high

Heatmap
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
Schneider line 2 Sg4
embryonic 1182-4H
embryonic GM2
embryonic Kc167
embryonic S1
embryonic S3
leg disc CME L1
wing disc CME-W2
wing disc ML-DmD8
wing disc ML-DmD9
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
wing disc ML-DmD21
wing disc ML-DmD32
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
tumorous blood cells mbn2
ovary fGS/OSS
ovary OSC
ovary OSS

modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq

modENCODE Treatment Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High expression bin max
	Extremely high expression bin max

[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
	No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
	Very low expression (1 - 3)
	Low expression (4 - 10)
	Moderate expression (11 - 25)
	Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
	High expression (51 - 100)
	Very high expression (101 - 1000)
	Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		6
cold shock, 4-day adult		5
heat shock, 4-day adult		13
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		3
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		5
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		11
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		28
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		3
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		8
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		29
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		6
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		4
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		4
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		25
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		9
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		21
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		19
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		6
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		3
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		6
cold shock, 4-day adult		5
heat shock, 4-day adult		13
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		3
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		5
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		11
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		(28)
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		3
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		8
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		(29)
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		6
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		4
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		4
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		25
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		9
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		21
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		19
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		6
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		3
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to High expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		6
cold shock, 4-day adult		5
heat shock, 4-day adult		13
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		3
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		5
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		11
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		28
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		3
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		8
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		29
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		6
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		4
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		4
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		25
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		9
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		21
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		19
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		6
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		3
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		6
cold shock, 4-day adult		5
heat shock, 4-day adult		13
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		3
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		5
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		11
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		28
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		3
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		8
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		29
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		6
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		4
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		4
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		25
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		9
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		21
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		19
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		6
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		3
Expression Level Scale		Extremely high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		6
cold shock, 4-day adult		5
heat shock, 4-day adult		13
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		3
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		5
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		11
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		28
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		3
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		8
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		29
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		6
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		4
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		4
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		25
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		9
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		21
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		19
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		6
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		3
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		6
cold shock, 4-day adult		5
heat shock, 4-day adult		13
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		3
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		5
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		11
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		28
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		3
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		8
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		29
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		6
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		4
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		4
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		25
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		9
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		21
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		19
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		6
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		3
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to High expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		6
cold shock, 4-day adult		5
heat shock, 4-day adult		13
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		3
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		5
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		11
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		28
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		3
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		8
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		29
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		6
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		4
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		4
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		25
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		9
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		21
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		19
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		6
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		3
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		6
cold shock, 4-day adult		5
heat shock, 4-day adult		13
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		3
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		5
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		11
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		28
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		3
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		8
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		29
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		6
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		4
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		4
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		25
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		9
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		21
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		19
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		6
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		3
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high Extremely high

Heatmap
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
cold shock, 4-day adult
heat shock, 4-day adult
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3

Expression Clusters

A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development.

(The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011)

External Data & Images

Linkouts

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

•

FBgn0003041

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

•

CG8114-RA

Alleles & Phenotypes

Summary of Allele Phenotypes

Lethality

Allele

lethal

pbl^GD12384

lethal (with Df(3L)pbl-X1)

lethal | embryonic stage

lethal | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4^prd.RG1

pbl^{325-853.Scer\UAS}

lethal | embryonic stage | recessive

lethal | pharate adult stage | temperature conditional, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PU

pbl^{ΔN-term.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1}

lethal | pupal stage | recessive

lethal | pupal stage | temperature conditional, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PU

pbl^{ΔN-term.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1}

lethal | recessive

partially lethal - majority die | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

pbl^GD12384

Sterility

Allele

male sterile

pbl^Z4836

Other Phenotypes

Allele

cell migration defective | embryonic stage

cell migration defective | embryonic stage 8, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR, Scer\GAL4^twi.2PE

cytokinesis defective

cytokinesis defective, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

pbl^{ΔDH497-549.Scer\UAS}

cytokinesis defective (with pbl²)

pbl⁵

cytokinesis defective (with pbl⁵)

pbl²

cytokinesis defective | embryonic stage

pbl³

cytokinesis defective | embryonic stage 8, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR, Scer\GAL4^twi.2PE

pbl^{ΔN-term.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1}

cytokinesis defective | male (with Df(3L)pbl-NR)

pbl^Z4836

cytokinesis defective | male | recessive

pbl^Z4836

meiotic cell cycle defective | male (with Df(3L)pbl-NR)

pbl^Z4836

meiotic cell cycle defective | male | recessive

pbl^Z4836

mitotic cell cycle defective

mitotic cell cycle defective | recessive

mitotic cell cycle defective | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

pbl^{dsRNA.Scer\UAS}

neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage

neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4^sca-537.4

neuroanatomy defective | larval stage

pbl^GD12384

neuroanatomy defective | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

pbl^EP3415

visible, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

pbl^EP3415

visible, with Scer\GAL4^ey.PH

pbl^EP3415

visible, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

visible, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PU

pbl^EP3415

visible, with Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev

pbl^EP3415

visible, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

pbl^GD12384

visible, with Scer\GAL4^sca-537.4

pbl^EP3415

visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PU

pbl^{DH-PH.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1}

visible | pupal stage | temperature conditional, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PU

pbl^{ΔN-term.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1}

wild-type, with Scer\GAL4^prd.RG1

pbl^EP3415

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

actomyosin contractile ring

actomyosin contractile ring, with Scer\GAL4^prd.RG1

pbl^{325-853.Scer\UAS}

anterior fascicle & synapse | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

pbl^EP3415

centrosome

contractile ring & meiotic cell cycle | male

pbl^Z4836

contractile ring & meiotic cell cycle | male (with Df(3L)pbl-NR)

pbl^Z4836

dorsal mesothoracic disc & cell & third instar larva, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

pbl^{dsRNA.Scer\UAS}

embryo

pbl^unspecified

embryo, with Scer\GAL4^prd.RG1

pbl^{325-853.Scer\UAS}

embryonic/larval brain | somatic clone | third instar larval stage

pbl^C33

embryonic/larval neuroblast | larval stage

pbl^GD12384

embryonic/larval neuroblast | somatic clone | third instar larval stage

pbl^C33

embryonic/larval sense organ | precursor

eye, with Scer\GAL4^ey.PH

pbl^EP3415

eye, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

eye, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PU

pbl^EP3415

eye, with Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev

pbl^EP3415

eye | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PU

pbl^{DH-PH.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1}

eye | pupal stage | temperature conditional, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PU

pbl^{ΔN-term.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1}

eye | temperature conditional

pbl^EP3415

G2 phase of mitotic cell cycle & dorsal mesothoracic disc & third instar larva, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

pbl^{dsRNA.Scer\UAS}

ganglion mother cell | larval stage

pbl^GD12384

interommatidial bristle, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

interommatidial bristle | temperature conditional

pbl^EP3415

intersegmental nerve

intersegmental nerve | embryonic stage

pbl^S008320

intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7

intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7, with Scer\GAL4^sca-537.4

Malpighian tubule

pbl⁵

mesoderm

mesoderm | embryonic stage 8, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR, Scer\GAL4^twi.2PE

mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

pbl^GD12384

mitotic telophase

pbl^{dsRNA.2127-2834}

mitotic telophase & spindle

pbl^{dsRNA.2127-2834}

Nebenkern

pbl^Z4836

Nebenkern (with Df(3L)pbl-NR)

pbl^Z4836

neuroblast NB6-4 of abdomen

pbl³

neuroblast NB6-4 of thorax

pbl³

neuron | embryonic stage

pbl^S008320

ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev

pbl^EP3415

pigment cell, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system

rhabdomere, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

S2 cell-line & cell

pbl^dsRNA.cHa

S2 cell-line & spindle microtubule

pbl^dsRNA.cHa

scutellar bristle, with Scer\GAL4^sca-537.4

pbl^EP3415

segmental nerve branch SNa of A1-7

somatic mesoderm (with pbl²)

pbl³

somatic mesoderm (with pbl³)

pbl²

somatic muscle | embryonic stage (with pbl²)

pbl³

somatic muscle | embryonic stage (with pbl³)

pbl²

spermatid & nucleus | supernumerary

pbl^Z4836

spermatid & nucleus | supernumerary (with Df(3L)pbl-NR)

pbl^Z4836

spindle

spindle & meiotic cell cycle | male

pbl^Z4836

spindle & meiotic cell cycle | male (with Df(3L)pbl-NR)

pbl^Z4836

thecogen cell | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^sca-537.4

pbl^EP3415

tormogen cell, with Scer\GAL4^sca-537.4

pbl^EP3415

trichogen cell | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^sca-537.4

pbl^EP3415

trunk mesoderm

pbl⁵

visceral mesoderm (with pbl²)

pbl³

visceral mesoderm (with pbl³)

pbl²

visceral mesoderm derivative (with pbl²)

pbl³

visceral mesoderm derivative (with pbl³)

pbl²

wing | posterior, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

pbl^{dsRNA.Scer\UAS}

wing | posterior & wing hair, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

pbl^{dsRNA.Scer\UAS}

wing | posterior compartment, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

wing hair | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

pbl^{ΔDH497-549.Scer\UAS}

wing hair | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

pbl^{dsRNA.Scer\UAS}

wing vein, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

pbl^EP3415

Classical Alleles ( 29 )

For All Classical Alleles Show

Allele of pbl	Class	Mutagen	Stocks	Known lesion
pbl⁰⁹⁶⁴⁵		P-element activity	2	Yes
pbl⁵	hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence	ethyl methanesulfonate	2	Yes
pbl^KG07669		P-element activity	2	--
pbl²		ethyl methanesulfonate	1	Yes
pbl³	loss of function allele	ethyl methanesulfonate	1	Yes
pbl^A2			1	Yes
pbl^c01354		piggyBac transposase	1	--
pbl^c01564		piggyBac transposase	1	--
pbl^c02270a			1	--
pbl^d00086		P-element activity	1	--
pbl^d06970		P-element activity	1	--
pbl^e01170			1	--
pbl^f07866			1	--
pbl¹		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
pbl⁴		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
pbl^c01106		piggyBac transposase	0	--
pbl^C33		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
pbl^CPTI000850		piggyBac transposase	0	Yes
pbl^CPTI001745		piggyBac transposase	0	Yes
pbl^EP3415		P-element activity	0	Yes
pbl^f02659		piggyBac transposase	0	--
pbl^P81			0	--
pbl^S008320	hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence	Delta2-3 P-element activity	0	Yes
pbl^S029309		Delta2-3 P-element activity	0	--
pbl^S054203a	hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence	Delta2-3 P-element activity	0	Yes
pbl^S23			0	--
pbl^unspecified			0	--
pbl^V58			0	--
pbl^Z4836		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--

Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 30 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Allele of pbl	Mutagen	Stocks	Known lesion
pbl^GD12384	in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion	2	Yes
pbl^GL01092	in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion	1	Yes
pbl^JF02979	in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion	1	Yes
pbl^{325-853.Scer\UAS}	in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - deletion	0	Yes
pbl^a.Scer\UAS	in vitro construct - regulatory fusion	0	Yes
pbl^{C-term.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1}	in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion	0	Yes
pbl^{DH-PH-V531D.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1}	in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis	0	Yes
pbl^{DH-PH.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1}	in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion	0	Yes
pbl^{DH.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1}	in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion	0	Yes
pbl^{dsRNA.2127-2834}	in vitro construct - RNAi	0	Yes
pbl^dsRNA.cEa	in vitro construct - RNAi	0	Yes
pbl^dsRNA.cHa	in vitro construct - RNAi	0	--
pbl^dsRNA.cSa	in vitro construct - RNAi	0	Yes
pbl^{dsRNA.Scer\UAS}	in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion	0	Yes
pbl^KK102244	in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion	0	Yes
pbl^NIG.8114R	in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion	0	Yes
pbl^{PH.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP}	in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion	0	Yes
pbl^{PH.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1}	in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion	0	Yes
pbl^Scer\UAS.cPa	in vitro construct - regulatory fusion	0	Yes
pbl^{Scer\UAS.N.T:Ivir\HA1}	in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion	0	Yes
pbl^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP}	in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion	0	Yes
pbl^{Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP}	in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion	0	Yes
pbl^{Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC}	in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion	0	Yes
pbl^{Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1}	in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion	0	Yes
pbl^{ΔBRCT.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC}	in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion	0	Yes
pbl^{ΔBRCT.Scer\UAS}	in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - deletion	0	Yes
pbl^{ΔC-term.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1}	in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion	0	Yes
pbl^{ΔDH497-549.Scer\UAS}	in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - deletion	0	Yes
pbl^{ΔN-term-V531D.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1}	in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis	0	Yes
pbl^{ΔN-term.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1}	in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion	0	Yes

Aneuploid Aberrations

Disrupted in

Df(3L)25

(Prokopenko et al., 1999, Choi and Benzer, 1994)

Df(3L)B162

(Jurgens et al., 1984, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

Df(3L)BSC375

(Christensen et al., 2007.10.29)

Df(3L)BSC388

(Christensen et al., 2007.10.29)

Df(3L)BSC631

(Christensen et al., 2008.10.20)

Df(3L)BSC795

(Christensen et al., 2009.5.6)

Df(3L)BSC807

(Christensen et al., 2009.6.15)

Df(3L)Exel6279

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Df(3L)HnD-1

(Allada et al., 1998)

Df(3L)HnD-2

(Grasso et al., 1996)

Df(3L)pbl-NR

(Prokopenko et al., 1999, Giansanti et al., 2004, Hime and Saint, 1992)

Df(3L)pbl-X1

(Szeged Stock Center, 1998-, Spradling et al., 1999, Hime and Saint, 1992, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Deak et al., 1997, Salzberg et al., 1997)

Df(3L)RM5-2

(Allada et al., 1998)

Df(3L)syd^A2

(Bowman et al., 2000)

Ts(Y;3Rt)G130

(Jurgens et al., 1984, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

Not disrupted in

Df(3L)8

(Choi and Benzer, 1994)

Df(3L)A76

(Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

Df(3L)HnD-1

(Grasso et al., 1996)

Df(3L)HnD-2

(Allada et al., 1998)

Df(3L)RM5-1

(Grasso et al., 1996)

Df(3L)RM5-2

(Allada et al., 1998, Grasso et al., 1996)

Df(3L)RM5-3

(Grasso et al., 1996)

Df(3L)ZP1

(Szeged Stock Center, 1998-)

Transgenic Constructs & Insertions

Transgenic Constructs

Type of construct

Name

Expression data

UAS construct

Insertions

Type of insertions

Name

Expression data

insertion of enhancer trap

P{lacW}l(3)SH091^SH091

P{lacW}pbl^S008320

P{lacW}pbl^S029309

P{lacW}pbl^S054203a

P{PZ}pbl⁰⁹⁶⁴⁵

miscellaneous insertions

P{SUPor-P}pbl^KG07669

PBac{602.P.SVS-1}pbl^CPTI000850

PBac{681.P.FSVS-1}pbl^CPTI001745

insertion of mobile activating element

P{EP}pbl^EP3415

P{XP}pbl^d00086

P{XP}pbl^d06970

Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 27 unique terms )

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 23 terms )

Molecular Function

CV term

Evidence

References

Rac guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

inferred from direct assay

(van Impel et al., 2009)

Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

inferred from direct assay

(van Impel et al., 2009)

semaphorin receptor binding

inferred from physical interaction with Sema-1a

(Jeong et al., 2012)

Biological Process

CV term

Evidence

References

cell adhesion

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kiger et al., 2003)

cytokinesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kiger et al., 2003, Echard et al., 2004, Eggert et al., 2004, Prokopenko et al., 1998, Somma et al., 2002, Dean et al., 2005)

cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Giansanti et al., 2004)

cytokinesis after meiosis I

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Giansanti et al., 2004)

cytokinesis after meiosis II

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Giansanti et al., 2004)

defasciculation of motor neuron axon

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Jeong et al., 2012)

establishment of protein localization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Dean et al., 2005)

Malpighian tubule morphogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Jack and Myette, 1999)

mesodermal cell migration

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Smallhorn et al., 2004)

mesoderm migration involved in gastrulation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Schumacher et al., 2004)

negative regulation of cell size

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Jeong et al., 2012)

nervous system development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Koizumi et al., 2007)

neurogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Neumüller et al., 2011)

regulation of axonogenesis

inferred from genetic interaction with LIMK1

(Ng and Luo, 2004)

regulation of cell shape

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kiger et al., 2003, Schumacher et al., 2004)

regulation of Rac GTPase activity

inferred from genetic interaction with Rac1

(van Impel et al., 2009)

inferred from genetic interaction with Rac2

(van Impel et al., 2009)

spindle assembly

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Giansanti et al., 2004)

Cellular Component

CV term

Evidence

References

cell cortex

inferred from direct assay

(van Impel et al., 2009)

cleavage furrow

inferred from direct assay

(van Impel et al., 2009)

nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(van Impel et al., 2009)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 8 terms )

Molecular Function

CV term

Evidence

References

GTPase activator activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR026817

(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)

guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

inferred from sequence or structural similarity

(Prokopenko et al., 1998)

non-traceable author statement

(Harley et al., 1999, Prokopenko, 1999.3.22)

Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

traceable author statement

(Prokopenko et al., 2000, Lee and Orr-Weaver, 2003)

Biological Process

CV term

Evidence

References

cytokinesis

non-traceable author statement

(Harley et al., 1999)

traceable author statement

(Lee and Orr-Weaver, 2003)

cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly

traceable author statement

(Prokopenko et al., 2000, Mazumdar and Mazumdar, 2002)

peripheral nervous system development

traceable author statement

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

positive regulation of neuron differentiation

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR026817

(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)

Cellular Component

CV term

Evidence

References

nucleus

non-traceable author statement

(Prokopenko et al., 1998, Gonzalez and Bornens, 2000)

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Interactions & Pathways

Summary of Physical Interactions

protein-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

pbl - Rho1

two hybrid

(Prokopenko et al., 1999)

pbl - tum

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, two hybrid

(Somers and Saint, 2003)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interacts with

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

pbl allele

Gene

References

pbl¹

Rho1

(Prokopenko et al., 1999)

(Prokopenko et al., 1999)

(Prokopenko et al., 1999)

sti

(Shandala et al., 2004)

pbl^{dsRNA.Scer\UAS}

Rho1

(Shandala et al., 2004)

sti

(Shandala et al., 2004)

pbl^EP3415

CycE

(Tseng and Hariharan, 2002)

pbl^{ΔDH497-549.Scer\UAS}

dia

(Prokopenko et al., 1999)

Rho1

(Prokopenko et al., 1999)

tum

(Somers and Saint, 2003)

unspecified

Ack

(Gregory et al., 2007)

amn

(Gregory et al., 2007)

apt

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Atu

(Gregory et al., 2007)

aur

(Gregory et al., 2007)

ball

(Gregory et al., 2007)

BTBD9

(Gregory et al., 2007)

CalpA

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Cam

(Gregory et al., 2007)

cdc14

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Cdk4

(Gregory et al., 2007)

CenB1A

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Cerk

(Gregory et al., 2007)

CG3036

(Gregory et al., 2007)

CG3603

(Gregory et al., 2007)

CG6701

(Gregory et al., 2007)

CG8317

(Gregory et al., 2007)

CG8419

(Gregory et al., 2007)

CG8451

(Gregory et al., 2007)

CG10222

(Gregory et al., 2007)

CG11703

(Gregory et al., 2007)

CG13917

(Gregory et al., 2007)

CG15625

(Gregory et al., 2007)

CG17283

(Gregory et al., 2007)

CG30016

(Gregory et al., 2007)

CG31529

(Gregory et al., 2007)

CG32676

(Gregory et al., 2007)

CG32812

(Gregory et al., 2007)

CG44774

(Gregory et al., 2007)

CHES-1-like

(Gregory et al., 2007)

chrb

(Gregory et al., 2007)

coro

(Gregory et al., 2007)

crol

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Csp

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Ctf4

(Gregory et al., 2007)

cv-2

(Gregory et al., 2007)

CycB

(Gregory et al., 2007)

CycB3

(Gregory et al., 2007)

CycH

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Cyp6v1

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Dad

(Gregory et al., 2007)

dia

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Dlc90F

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Dp1

(Gregory et al., 2007)

E2f

(Gregory et al., 2007)

east

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Fit1

(Gregory et al., 2007)

flfl

(Gregory et al., 2007)

flr

(Gregory et al., 2007)

fng

(Gregory et al., 2007)

for

(Gregory et al., 2007)

fray

(Gregory et al., 2007)

fs(1)h

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Fur1

(Gregory et al., 2007)

fwd

(Gregory et al., 2007)

fz4

(Gregory et al., 2007)

gish

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Gr5a

(Gregory et al., 2007)

grp

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Gαf

(Gregory et al., 2007)

His2Av

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Ide

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Ilp8

(Gregory et al., 2007)

imd

(Gregory et al., 2007)

iPLA2-VIA

(Gregory et al., 2007)

jing

(Gregory et al., 2007)

kis

(Gregory et al., 2007)

klg

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Lk6

(Gregory et al., 2007)

lola

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Mbs

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Men

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Men-b

(Gregory et al., 2007)

mir-14

(Gregory et al., 2007)

mir-313

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Mlc2

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Mnn1

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Mob2

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Moe

(Gregory et al., 2007)

mura

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Myo31DF

(Gregory et al., 2007)

nemy

(Gregory et al., 2007)

nuf

(Gregory et al., 2007)

numb

(Gregory et al., 2007)

ovo

(Gregory et al., 2007)

pav

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Pdk1

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Pfrx

(Gregory et al., 2007)

pigs

(Gregory et al., 2007)

PIP5K59B

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Pitslre

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Ptp4E

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Ptpmeg

(Gregory et al., 2007)

pum

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Rac2

(Gregory et al., 2007)

RapGAP1

(Gregory et al., 2007)

ras

(Gregory et al., 2007)

rdgB

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Rho1

(Gregory et al., 2007, Prokopenko et al., 1999)

RhoBTB

(Gregory et al., 2007)

robl37BC

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Rop

(Gregory et al., 2007)

RpL30

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Rrp1

(Gregory et al., 2007)

sca

(Gregory et al., 2007)

sec63

(Gregory et al., 2007)

shn

(Gregory et al., 2007)

shot

(Gregory et al., 2007)

simj

(Gregory et al., 2007)

sip1

(Gregory et al., 2007)

spi

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Src64B

(Gregory et al., 2007)

stg

(Gregory et al., 2007)

sti

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Sur-8

(Gregory et al., 2007)

tau

(Gregory et al., 2007)

tefu

(Gregory et al., 2007)

tlk

(Gregory et al., 2007)

trbl

(Gregory et al., 2007)

trem

(Gregory et al., 2007)

ttk

(Gregory et al., 2007)

vib

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Vps13

(Gregory et al., 2007)

wdb

(Gregory et al., 2007)

Wnt5

(Gregory et al., 2007)

wun

(Gregory et al., 2007)

External Data

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions

•

64306

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

•

FBgn0003041

InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

•

38879

Orthologs

OrthoDB Orthologs (43) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41

OrthoDB Ortholog Groups

OrthoDB orthology group searches

(Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288)

Drosophila inclusive ortholog search

EOG6NS3WS

Dipteran inclusive ortholog search

EOG61G3C2

Insect inclusive ortholog search

EOG6Z358M

Arthropod inclusive ortholog search

EOG65QFV5

Metazoa inclusive ortholog search

EOG66MQBC

Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6NS3WS)

Organism

Common Name

Gene

AAA Syntenic Ortholog

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Drosophila melanogaster

fruit fly

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila sechellia

Drosophila erecta

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila ananassae

Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura

Dpse\GA20834

Drosophila persimilis

Dper\GL17822

Drosophila willistoni

Dwil\GK18056

Drosophila willistoni

Dwil\GK18055

Drosophila virilis

Dvir\GJ11424

Drosophila mojavensis

Dmoj\GI12189

Drosophila grimshawi

Dgri\GH16512

Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG61G3C2)

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Aedes aegypti

Yellow fever mosquito

Aaeg\AAEL000984

Anopheles gambiae

Malaria mosquito

Agam\AGAP005796

Culex quinquefasciatus

Southern house mosquito

Cqui\CPIJ000152

Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6Z358M)

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Apis mellifera

Western honey bee

Amel\GB41347

Nasonia vitripennis

Parasitic wasp

Nvit\Nasvi2EG002529

Acromyrmex echinatior

Panamanian leafcutter ant

Aech\AECH12142

Atta cephalotes

Leafcutter ant

Acep\ACEP18093

Camponotus floridanus

Florida carpenter ant

Cflo\CFLO19791

Harpegnathos saltator

Jerdons jumping ant

Hsal\HSAL22309

Linepithema humile

Argentine ant

Lhum\LH24707

Pogonomyrmex barbatus

Red harvester ant

Pbar\PB24461

Solenopsis invicta

Red fire ant

Sinv\SINV18395

Acyrthosiphon pisum

Pea aphid

Apim\ACYPI005081

Acyrthosiphon pisum

Pea aphid

Apim\ACYPI081226

Acyrthosiphon pisum

Pea aphid

Apim\ACYPI004645

Bombyx mori

Silkmoth

Bmor\BGIBMGA007581

Pediculus humanus

Human body louse

Phum\PHUM075760

Tribolium castaneum

Red flour beetle

Tcas\TC010404

Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG65QFV5)

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\JGI_V11_306724

Ixodes scapularis

Deer tick

Isca\ISCW000716

Ixodes scapularis

Deer tick

Isca\ISCW008205

Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG66MQBC)

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Caenorhabditis elegans

Nematode

Cele\ect-2

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\SPU_014908gn

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\SPU_010861gn

Danio rerio

Zebrafish

Drer\ect2

Xenopus tropicalis

Western clawed frog

Xtro\ect2

Gallus gallus

Domestic chicken

Ggal\ECT2

Mus musculus

House mouse

Mmus\Ect2

Rattus norvegicus

Norway rat

Rnor\ENSRNOG00000024365

Homo sapiens

Human

Hsap\ENSG00000114346

Human Orthologs (1)

Gene

OMIM

HGNC

Hsap\ENSG00000114346

AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3

Organism

Gene

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila sechellia

Drosophila erecta

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila ananassae

Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura

Dpse\GA20834

Drosophila persimilis

Dper\GL17822

Drosophila willistoni

Dwil\GK18055

Drosophila virilis

Dvir\GJ11424

Drosophila mojavensis

Dmoj\GI12189

Drosophila grimshawi

Dgri\GH16512

Stocks & Reagents

Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 20 )

Bloomington

9358

w^*; pbl³/TM3, Sb¹

28343

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF02979}attP2

36841

y¹ sc^* v¹; P{TRiP.GL01092}attP2

PBac{PB}pbl^c02270a, PBac{PB}c02270b

VDRC

v35349

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD12384}v35349

v35350

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD12384}v35350

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones ( 2 )

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones ( 88 )

Please Note

This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

MIP14634

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi & Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results from RNAi screens.

•

FBgn0003041

GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

•

38879

Antibody Information

polyclonal

(Prokopenko et al., 1999, van Impel et al., 2009)

Other Information

Discoverer

Etymology

Identification

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database identity of

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: pbl anon-WO0172774.22 anon-WO0172774.25

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Source for merge of: pbl l(3)09645

(Prokopenko et al., 1999)

Additional comments

Source for merge of pbl anon-WO0172774.22 anon-WO0172774.25 was sequence comparison (date:051113).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Other Comments

Sema-1a-mediated motor axon defasciculation is promoted by pbl and inhibited by RhoGAPp190. The opposing pbl and RhoGAPp190 functions mediate Sema-1a reverse signaling through the regulation of Rho1 activity.

(Jeong et al., 2012)

dsRNA directed against this gene causes defects in cytokinesis when tested in an RNAi screen in S2 cells.

(Echard et al., 2004)

RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes a binucleation phenotype when assayed in Kc₁₆₇ cells.

(Eggert et al., 2004)

RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes a phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R⁺ cells: binucleate cells, cells become round and detached.

(Kiger et al., 2003)

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R⁺ cell morphology.

(Kiger et al., 2003)

Candidate gene for quantitative trait (QTL) locus determining bristle number.

(Nuzhdin et al., 1999)

pbl is linked through Rho1 activity to the reorganisation of the actin cytoskeleton.

(Prokopenko et al., 1999)

pbl is required for the formation of the contractile ring and the initiation of cytokinesis.

(Prokopenko et al., 1999)

Zygotic expression of pbl is required for cytokinesis following cellularization during embryogenesis: mutations in pbl result in disruption of cell proliferation.

(Hime and Saint, 1992)

pbl⁺ is required for coordination of the mitotic spindle and contractile ring functions. Maternal pbl product is probably required for early pole cell divisions.

(Lehner, 1992)

pbl mutants display rudimentary head skeleton, denticle bands and filzkorper and the posterior end of the embryo remains on the dorsal side.

(Jurgens et al., 1984)

External Crossreferences & Linkouts

Sequence Crossreferences

RefSeq (Transcripts)

•

RefSeq (Proteins)

•

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes.

•

38879

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

•

Other Crossreferences

InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites

•

Dbl homology (DH) domain (IPR000219)

BRCT domain (IPR001357)

Guanine nucleotide exchange factor Ect2 (IPR026817)

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions

•

64306

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

•

FBgn0003041

DRSC - Results from RNAi screens.

•

FBgn0003041

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

•

FBgn0003041

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

•

CG8114-RA

FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans

•

FBgn0003041

GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

•

38879

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

•

/cytoskel/pebble1.htm

InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

•

38879

modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project.

•

FBgn0003041

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 15 )

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

0083/20

(Deak et al., 1997)

0293/09

(Deak et al., 1997)

0542/03

(Deak et al., 1997)

anon-WO0172774.22

anon-WO0172774.25

CG8114

(Whitfield, 2000.5.17, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Perkins et al., 2009, Reiter et al., 2006, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Howell et al., 2012)

ECT2

(D'Avino et al., 2005)

GEF

(Castoreno et al., 2010)

l(3)09645

(Spradling et al., 1999, Allada et al., 1998, Meister and Braun, 1995.10, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, )

PBL

(Prokopenko et al., 2000, D'Avino et al., 2005)

Pbl

(Summers et al., 2008, Carreno et al., 2008, Zavortink et al., 2005, Montembault et al., 2010)

pebble

(Echard et al., 2004)

Name Synonym

PEBBLE

(Prokopenko et al., 2000)

Pebble

(Tountas and Fortini, 2007, Bakal et al., 2007, Prokopenko and Chia, 2008, Gregory et al., 2008, D'Avino et al., 2005, van Impel et al., 2009, Zavortink et al., 2005, Montembault et al., 2010, Murray et al., 2012)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0010935
FBgn0046405
FBgn0046407

References ( 167 )

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All references relating to this gene ( 167 )

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Research paper ( 79 )
Supplementary material ( 9 )
Review ( 16 )
Personal communication to FlyBase ( 20 )
Abstract ( 27 )
FlyBase analysis ( 3 )
Conference report ( 3 )
Stock list ( 3 )
DNA/RNA sequence record ( 2 )
Patent ( 1 )
Curated genome annotation ( 2 )
Book ( 1 )
Thesis ( 1 )

Recent research papers ( 11 )

Nakamura et al., 2013, Mech. Dev. 130(2-3): 169--180: Reduced cell number in the hindgut epithelium disrupts hindgut left-right asymmetry in a mutant of pebble, encoding a RhoGEF, in Drosophila embryos. [FBrf0220744]
Bateman et al., 2012, G3 (Bethesda) 2(7): 731--740: A genome-wide screen identifies genes that affect somatic homolog pairing in Drosophila. [FBrf0219075]
Howell et al., 2012, Immunogenetics 64(2): 155--161: A directed miniscreen for genes involved in the Drosophila anti-parasitoid immune response. [FBrf0217123]
Jeong et al., 2012, Neuron 76(4): 721--734: The Control of Semaphorin-1a-Mediated Reverse Signaling by Opposing Pebble and RhoGAPp190 Functions in Drosophila. [FBrf0219982]
Kotadia et al., 2012, J. Cell Biol. 199(5): 745--753: Cell elongation is an adaptive response for clearing long chromatid arms from the cleavage plane. [FBrf0220019]
Menant and Karess, 2012, Cell Cycle 11(15): 2856--2863: Inducing "cytokinesis" without mitosis in unfertilized Drosophila eggs. [FBrf0219101]
Murray et al., 2012, Dev. Genes Evol. 222(6): 361--368: Snail-dependent repression of the RhoGEF pebble is required for gastrulation consistency in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0219866]
Axelsson et al., 2011, BMC Bioinformatics 12: 342: Extracting quantitative genetic interaction phenotypes from matrix combinatorial RNAi. [FBrf0215222]
Brumby et al., 2011, Genetics 188(1): 105--125: Identification of Novel Ras-Cooperating Oncogenes in Drosophila melanogaster: A RhoGEF/Rho-Family/JNK Pathway Is a Central Driver of Tumorigenesis. [FBrf0213630]
Jankovics et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(7): e22229: A functional genomic screen combined with time-lapse microscopy uncovers a novel set of genes involved in dorsal closure of Drosophila embryos. [FBrf0214545]
Neumüller et al., 2011, Cell Stem Cell 8(5): 580--593: Genome-Wide Analysis of Self-Renewal in Drosophila Neural Stem Cells by Transgenic RNAi. [FBrf0213621]

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Recent reviews (0)

All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011

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