FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Pc

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Pc

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Polycomb

Annotation Symbol

CG32443

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0003042

Gene Model Status

Stock Availability

36 publicly available

Gene Summary

Polycomb (Pc) encodes a chromatin binding protein that interacts with histone H3K27me3. It is involved in epigenetic silencing and its target genes are predominantly transcription factors or receptors that control cell fate and most developmental decisions. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

PcG, Pc-G

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

3L:21,306,138..21,318,020 [-]

Recombination map

3-47

RefSeq locus

NT_037436 REGION:21306138..21318020

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse GBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

GO Summary Ribbons

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (23 terms)

Molecular Function (5 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables chromatin binding

inferred from direct assay

(Enderle et al., 2011, Negre et al., 2006)

enables DNA binding

inferred from direct assay

(Ogiyama et al., 2018)

enables methylated histone binding

inferred from direct assay

(Czermin et al., 2002)

enables protein binding

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:P42124,UniProtKB:Q9XZ06

(assigned by UniProt )

(Gozalo et al., 2020)

enables sequence-specific DNA binding

inferred from direct assay

(Ogiyama et al., 2018)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Biological Process (12 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (12 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in anterior/posterior axis specification

inferred from mutant phenotype

(assigned by UniProt )

(Simon et al., 1992)

involved_in negative regulation of gene expression

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Nishioka et al., 2018)

involved_in negative regulation of response to gamma radiation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Zhang et al., 2008)

involved_in negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Enderle et al., 2011)

involved_in neurogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Bello et al., 2007)

involved_in neuron remodeling

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Wang et al., 2006)

involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

inferred from mutant phenotype

(assigned by UniProt )

(Simon et al., 1992)

involved_in regulation of transcription, DNA-templated

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Goodliffe et al., 2007)

involved_in specification of segmental identity, abdomen

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Chen et al., 2005)

involved_in syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle

inferred from mutant phenotype

(O'Dor et al., 2006)

involved_in ventral cord development

inferred from high throughput mutant phenotype

(Bivik et al., 2015)

involved_in wound healing

inferred from high throughput mutant phenotype

(Campos et al., 2010)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Cellular Component (6 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in chromatin

inferred from direct assay

(Chen et al., 2005)

located_in nucleolus

inferred from direct assay

(Chen et al., 2005)

located_in nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Grimaud et al., 2006, Mulholland et al., 2003)

located_in polytene chromosome band

inferred from direct assay

(Marchetti et al., 2003)

located_in polytene chromosome

inferred from direct assay

(Franke et al., 1992)

part_of PRC1 complex

inferred from direct assay

(Mulholland et al., 2003)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

POLYCOMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX 1 (CORE SUBUNITS)

Protein Family (UniProt)

-

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Polycomb (Pc) encodes a chromatin binding protein that interacts with histone H3K27me3. It is involved in epigenetic silencing and its target genes are predominantly transcription factors or receptors that control cell fate and most developmental decisions. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]

Gene Group (FlyBase)

POLYCOMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX 1 (CORE SUBUNITS) -: The Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) is a Polycomb group complex. It binds to histone H3K27me3 (histone H3 K27 methylation is catalyzed by PRC2) and monoubiquitinates H2A on K119. This leads to chromatin compaction, RNA polymerase II stalling and gene silencing. (Adapted from FBrf0179742 and FBrf0228921).

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. Component of the PcG multiprotein PRC1 complex, a complex that acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones; it mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-118', rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Promotes locus-specific chromatin compaction.

(UniProt, P26017)

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

Pc: Polycomb

Pc+ may be considered a negative regulator of the bithorax complex (BXC) and the Antennapedia complex (ANTC), with a decreasing gradient of activity from anterior to posterior. When homozygous or hemizygous, Pc mutants are late embryonic lethals. Embryos with at least one dose of the BXC show incomplete head development and caudad transformations, the thoracic and first seven abdominal segments being partially transformed into the eighth abdominal segment (Lewis, 1978; Denell, 1982; Haynie, 1983, Dev. Biol. 100: 399-411; Denell and Frederick, 1983, Dev. Biol. 97: 34-47). This homeotic effect in homozygotes is enhanced by increasing the dosage of the BXC. Transformations involve brain and ventral nerve cord as well as epidermis (Jimenez and Campos-Ortega, 1981). Pc+ alleles in the mother weaken the homeotic effect (Denell, 1982; Lawrence, Johnson, and Struhl, 1983, Cell 35: 27-34). Pc2/Pc2 or Pc3/Pc3 clones induced in leg and eye-antennal tissue during larval development also show similar posteriorly-directed transformations (Struhl, 1981; Duncan and Lewis, 1982). Pc/+ flies carrying at least one dose of the BXC show caudad transformations, i.e. partial conversion of wings into halteres and of anterior abdominal segments into more posterior ones. Some Pc heterozygotes show phenotypes characteristic of ANTC mutants, i.e. partial conversion of antennae into legs and of second and third legs into first legs (with sex combs in males) (Hannah-Alava, 1958; Duncan, 1982). The frequency of wing transformations varies directly with the BXC dosage, but does not seem to be changed by variation in ANTC dosage (Duncan and Lewis, 1982; Botas et al., 1982). The number of abdominal transformations, however, varies inversely with the doses of the BXC while it increases as the doses of the ANTC are increased (Duncan, 1982; Duncan and Lewis, 1982). Other changes observed in Pc/+ flies include a transformation of ventral to dorsal wing (Tiong; Sato et al., 1983), elevated, divergent, or crinkled wings, terminal gaps in the L4 wing vein, bent humeral or notopleural bristles, and defective sternopleural bristles, all abnormalities being less extreme in males than in females (sometimes absent in males). When doubly heterozygous with AntpYu and AntpB, Pc enhances Antp. The expression of all Pc mutant heterozygotes (including deficiencies for the locus) is enhanced by the second chromosome dominant, E(Pc) (Sato et al., 1983, 1984). Pc3/Pc3/Dp(1;3;4)7 flies (carrying a Pc+ duplication) show stronger leg and wing transformations than E(Pc)/+;Pc3/+ flies (Duncan and Lewis, 1982; Sato et al., 1983).

Summary (Interactive Fly)

transcription factor - chromo domain - Polycomb group - chromatin associated protein - involved in gene silencing chromatin binding protein that interacts with histone H3K27me3 - Pc target genes are predominantly transcription factors or receptors that control cell fate and most developmental decisions

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

1

Number of Unique Polypeptides

1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Pc for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

protein_coding_gene

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

FBtr0078405

2462

390

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

2.5, 2.0 (northern blot)

(Paro and Hogness, 1991)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank

FBpp0078059

44.0

390

7.64

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

390 (aa); 44 (kD predicted)

(Paro and Hogness, 1991)

Comments

A variation on the in vivo formaldehyde cross-linking technique was used to map Pc-interacting sites along the chromatin in the BX-C region. Pc was found to quantitatively cover large regulatory regions of repressed BX-C genes. Pc did not bind the transcriptionally active Abd-B region.

(Orlando and Paro, 1993)

Pc protein and polyhomeotic protein are coprecipitated by antibodies to either showing that they are constituents of a multimeric protein complex. Pc and polyhomeotic complexes can be coprecipitated over the entire period of embryogenesis. The molecular weight of the complex is ~2-5x10³kD. Double-immunofluorescence labeling was used to show that Pc protein and polyhomeotic protein have exactly the same binding patterns on polytene chromosomes.

(Franke et al., 1992)

Pc protein is associated with ~60 sites on the

polytene chromosomes. It is associated with loci shown to interact with

Pc by genetic methods. It is abundant at the ANT-C and the BX-C and is

found at several locations of Pc-group genes. The Pc protein expressed

in salivary glands is encoded by a 1.0kb Pc transcript and is smaller

than the 390aa Pc protein.

(Zink and Paro, 1989)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Component of PRC1 complex, which contains many PcG proteins like Pc, ph, Scm, Psc, Sce and also chromatin-remodeling proteins such as histone deacetylases. This complex is distinct from the Esc/E(z) complex, at least composed of esc, E(z), Su(z)12, HDAC1/Rpd3 and Caf1-55. The 2 complexes however cooperate and interact together during the first 3 hours of development to establish PcG silencing (PubMed:11493925, PubMed:11583617). Interacts with stx; the interaction targets Pc for ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation (PubMed:27326929). Interacts with Nup93-1 (PubMed:31784359).

(UniProt, P26017)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Pc using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Pc_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Expression Summary Ribbons

Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.

For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.

Transcript Expression

No Assay Recorded

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic/larval salivary gland

(Paro and Hogness, 1991)

unfertilized egg stage

unfertilized egg

(Paro and Hogness, 1991)

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

organism | ubiquitous

(Paro and Hogness, 1991)

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism | ubiquitous

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4

organism | ubiquitous

(Paro and Hogness, 1991)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

anterior midgut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

central brain primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

posterior midgut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral nerve cord primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic brain

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic/larval midgut

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic/larval nervous system

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval ventral nerve cord

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 16 -- 17

embryonic/larval central nervous system

(Paro and Hogness, 1991)

unfertilized egg stage

unfertilized egg

(Paro and Hogness, 1991)

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 12

Comment: reference states 0-8 hr AEL

(Paro and Zink, 1992)

unfertilized egg stage

unfertilized egg

(Paro and Zink, 1992)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

embryonic/larval salivary gland

(Paro and Zink, 1992)

embryonic/larval pharynx

(Paro and Zink, 1992)

presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system

(Franke et al., 1992, Paro and Zink, 1992)

adult ventral nerve cord

(Paro and Zink, 1992)

gnathal ganglion

(Paro and Zink, 1992)

supraesophageal ganglion

(Paro and Zink, 1992)

embryonic stage 4 -- 9

organism | ubiquitous

(Paro and Zink, 1992)

embryonic stage 7 -- 9

(Franke et al., 1992)

embryonic stage 16

embryonic/larval central nervous system

(Franke et al., 1992)

embryonic/larval fat body | anterior

• polytene chromosome band | restricted

(Marchetti et al., 2003)

third instar larval stage

embryonic/larval salivary gland

• polytene chromosome

(Franke et al., 1992)

adult stage & oogenesis

(Paro and Zink, 1992)

adult stage oogenesis stage S1 -- S2

(Paro and Zink, 1992)

adult stage oogenesis stage S9 -- S14

(Paro and Zink, 1992)

adult stage oogenesis stage S10 -- S14

(Paro and Zink, 1992)

Additional Descriptive Data

The Pc protein accumulates in the region of the bithorax complex genes on polytene chromosomes from anterior regions of larval fat bodies where the homeotic genes are repressed.

(Marchetti et al., 2003)

The distribution of polyhomeotic protein and Pc protein is nearly indistinguishable in embryos.

(Franke et al., 1992)

Pc protein is expressed in ovaries and during all stages of embryogenesis. Protein levels increase with developmental time in embryos. Two phases of Pc expression are observed in ovaries. First, substantial Pc protein is found in the germarium and in stage S1 and S2 follicles. Protein levels decline during stages S3-S8 and rise again in stages S9 and S10. In the germline, most of the protein is found in the polyploid nurse cell nuclei. Some Pc protein is deposited in the oocyte but none is observed in the nucleus. A very dynamic pattern of expression involving overlapping gradients is observed in follicle cells during stages S10-S14. In embryos, Pc transcripts are homogenously distributed over the length of the embryo at the cellular blastoderm stage and in germ band extended embryos. In late stage embryos, transcripts are found predominantly in the CNS. Particularly strong expression is observed in the supra-, suboesophageal and anterior thoracic ganglia. Strong staining is also observed in the pharynx, salivary glands, and other internal tissues.

(Paro and Zink, 1992)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in chromatin

inferred from direct assay

(Chen et al., 2005)

located_in nucleolus

inferred from direct assay

(Chen et al., 2005)

located_in nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Grimaud et al., 2006, Mulholland et al., 2003)

located_in polytene chromosome band

inferred from direct assay

(Marchetti et al., 2003)

located_in polytene chromosome

inferred from direct assay

(Franke et al., 1992)

part_of PRC1 complex

inferred from direct assay

(Mulholland et al., 2003)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{Pc-EGFP}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

spermatogenesis

primary gonial cell

(Chen et al., 2005)

(Chen et al., 2005)

Comment: round spermatid

(Chen et al., 2005)

elongation stage spermatid

(Chen et al., 2005)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Pc in GBrowse 2

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Pc

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Pc

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0003042

DRscDB

40358/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas

FBgn0003042

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

CG32443-RA

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG32443

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0003042

Images

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 52 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 39 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Pc

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Pc

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 20 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 20 )

Gene duplicated in

(Puro, 1982)

(Duncan, 1982)

Gene not disrupted in

(Russell et al., 1996, Carpenter, 1994)

(Russell et al., 1996, Carpenter, 1994)

(Russell et al., 1996, Carpenter, 1994)

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal | heat sensitive

Pc^{ZnF.hs.Tag:FLAG}

lethal | male, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

Pc^JF01581

lethal | recessive

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | heat sensitive, with tsr^UAS.int/tsr^Δ96

Pc^G4DBD.GMR

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | heat sensitive, with tsr^Δ96, tsr^UAS.int

Pc^G4DBD.GMR

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | heat sensitive

Pc^G4DBD.GMR

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | homeotic | recessive

Pc^unspecified

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal mitotic cell cycle | embryonic stage

abnormal mitotic cell cycle | somatic clone

Pc¹⁵

abnormal neuroanatomy

Pc^08P003

abnormal neuroanatomy | somatic clone

Pc¹⁵

decreased cell number | somatic clone

Pc¹⁵

decreased cell number | spermatogenesis, with Scer\GAL4^C587

decreased occurrence of cell division | embryonic stage

Pc³

enhancer of variegation, with P{418}E(Pc)17B^T2.2.31

Pc¹⁶

enhancer of variegation, with P{418}I7.1

Pc¹⁶

enhancer of variegation, with P{418}I33.1

Pc¹⁶

enhancer of variegation, with P{418}T3

Pc¹⁶

enhancer of variegation, with P{418}T13.4

Pc¹⁶

enhancer of variegation, with P{418}T13.5

Pc¹⁶

enhancer of variegation, with P{418}T26

Pc¹⁶

enhancer of variegation, with P{418}T30

Pc¹⁶

enhancer of variegation, with P{418}T33.1.2

Pc¹⁶

enhancer of variegation, with P{418}T33.1.24j

Pc¹⁶

enhancer of variegation, with P{418}T40

Pc¹⁶

enhancer of variegation, with P{418}T42.1

Pc¹⁶

enhancer of variegation, with P{418}T43

Pc¹⁶

enhancer of variegation, with P{418}T72.1

Pc¹⁶

enhancer of variegation, with P{419}6.1

Pc¹⁶

homeotic | adult stage

homeotic | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Dll.PU

Pc^HMS00016

homeotic | dominant

Pc³

homeotic | dominant | male

homeotic | embryonic stage

Pc³

increased cell number | embryonic stage

Pc³

increased cell number | somatic clone | spermatogenesis

Pc¹⁵

increased cell number | spermatogenesis, with Scer\GAL4^C587

increased occurrence of cell division | embryonic stage

Pc³

increased occurrence of cell division | spermatogenesis, with Scer\GAL4^C587

Pc^NIG.32443R

melanotic mass phenotype, with Scer\GAL4^{SPARC-MI00329-GAL4}

Pc^GL00488

neoplasia | somatic clone

Pc¹⁵

non-enhancer of variegation, with P{418}e(Pc)84DE^T66.1

Pc¹⁶

non-enhancer of variegation, with P{418}I2.1.2

Pc¹⁶

non-enhancer of variegation, with P{418}T15.2

Pc¹⁶

non-enhancer of variegation, with P{418}T33.1.5

Pc¹⁶

non-enhancer of variegation, with P{418}T44

Pc¹⁶

non-enhancer of variegation, with P{418}T53.3

Pc¹⁶

non-enhancer of variegation, with P{418}T63

Pc¹⁶

non-enhancer of variegation, with P{418}T69.3

Pc¹⁶

non-enhancer of variegation, with P{418}T72.2

Pc¹⁶

non-enhancer of variegation, with P{hsp26-pt-T}39C-5

non-suppressor of variegation, with P{hsp26-pt-T}39C-5

non-suppressor of variegation | dominant, with In(1)w^m4

Pc¹

non-suppressor of variegation | dominant, with P{hsp26-pt-T}39C-5

Pc¹

some die during embryonic stage | heat sensitive

Pc^G4DBD.GMR

some die during embryonic stage | recessive

some die during pupal stage | heat sensitive, with tsr^UAS.int/tsr^Δ96

Pc^G4DBD.GMR

some die during pupal stage | heat sensitive, with tsr^Δ96, tsr^UAS.int

Pc^G4DBD.GMR

suppressor of variegation, with P{UAS-lacZ.Abd-B.24F6}GCD-6/+:

Pc³

suppressor of variegation | dominant, with P{hsp26-pt-T}39C-5

Pc¹¹

suppressor of variegation | dominant, with P{hsp26-pt-T}39C-27

Pc¹¹

suppressor of variegation | dominant, with P{hsp26-pt-T}39C-31

Pc¹¹

suppressor of variegation | dominant, with P{SUPor-P.PRE#6}69M3

Pc³

suppressor of variegation | dominant, with P{UAS-lacZ.Abd-B.5F24}25,2a

Pc¹⁵

suppressor of variegation | dominant, with P{wA}4-4

Pc¹¹

visible, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

Pc^UAS.Tag:FLAG

visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Dll.PU

Pc^HMS00016

visible | adult stage | dominant

Pc⁴

visible | dominant

visible | dominant | heat sensitive

Pc¹¹

visible | dominant | homeotic

visible | dominant | homeotic | heat sensitive

Pc³

visible | embryonic stage

Pc³

visible | homeotic

visible | recessive

visible | somatic clone

Pc^EGFP

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

abdominal segment

abdominal segment 4 | male

abdominal segment 5 | ectopic | male

abdominal tergite 4 | male

Pc³

adult abdominal segment 1

Pc³

adult abdominal segment 4

Pc³

adult abdominal segment 4 | male

Pc³

adult abdominal segment 5

Pc³

adult abdominal segment 5 | ectopic | male

Pc³

adult abdominal segment 6

Pc³

adult external mesothorax

Pc³

adult external prothorax | ectopic

Pc³

adult optic lobe, with tsr^UAS.int/tsr^Δ96

Pc^G4DBD.GMR

adult optic lobe, with tsr^Δ96, tsr^UAS.int

Pc^G4DBD.GMR

anaphase | embryonic stage

Pc³

antenna, with Scer\GAL4^Dll.PU

Pc^HMS00016

apterous-expressing neuron of the lateral cluster of the thorax

Pc^08P003

apterous-expressing neuron of the lateral cluster of the thorax Ap4

Pc^08P003

cyst cell of testis, with Scer\GAL4^C587

Pc^NIG.32443R

cyst progenitor cell | somatic clone | spermatogenesis

Pc¹⁵

cyst progenitor cell | spermatogenesis, with Scer\GAL4^C587

dendrite & dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC | somatic clone

Pc¹⁵

dendrite | somatic clone

Pc¹⁵

denticle belt | embryonic stage

Pc³

embryonic/larval brain | embryonic stage

Pc³

embryonic abdominal segment

Pc³

embryonic abdominal segment 1

Pc^unspecified

embryonic abdominal segment 2

Pc^unspecified

embryonic abdominal segment 3

Pc^unspecified

embryonic abdominal segment 4

Pc^unspecified

embryonic abdominal segment 5

embryonic abdominal segment 6

embryonic abdominal segment 7

embryonic abdominal segment 8

Pc^unspecified

embryonic abdominal segment 9

Pc^unspecified

embryonic abdominal segment 10

Pc^unspecified

embryonic abdominal segment 11

Pc^unspecified

Pc^unspecified

embryonic midgut constriction

Pc³

embryonic thoracic segment

Pc³

eye, with tsr^UAS.int/tsr^Δ96

Pc^G4DBD.GMR

eye, with tsr^Δ96, tsr^UAS.int

Pc^G4DBD.GMR

eye | somatic clone

Pc^T181

eye disc | somatic clone

fat body, with Scer\GAL4^{SPARC-MI00329-GAL4}

Pc^GL00488

genital disc primordium | ectopic

Pc³

germinal proliferation center | somatic clone | spermatogenesis

Pc¹⁵

germinal proliferation center | spermatogenesis, with Scer\GAL4^C587

gonadal sheath proper primordium (with Pc³)

Pc¹⁵

gonadal sheath proper primordium (with Pc¹⁵)

Pc³

haltere | ectopic

haltere | ectopic | female

Pc³

lamina, with tsr^UAS.int/tsr^Δ96

Pc^G4DBD.GMR

lamina, with tsr^Δ96, tsr^UAS.int

Pc^G4DBD.GMR

larval abdominal segment 4

Pc¹⁵

larval abdominal segment 5 | ectopic

Pc¹⁵

Pc⁴

Pc³

male germline stem cell | somatic clone | spermatogenesis

Pc¹⁵

male germline stem cell | spermatogenesis, with Scer\GAL4^C587

melanotic mass, with Scer\GAL4^{SPARC-MI00329-GAL4}

Pc^GL00488

mesothoracic leg

mesothoracic leg & sex comb | ectopic

mesothoracic leg & sex comb tooth | ectopic

mesothoracic leg | male

mesothoracic segment

metathoracic leg

metathoracic leg & sex comb | ectopic

Pc⁴

metathoracic leg & sex comb tooth | ectopic

metathoracic segment

Pc³

morphogenetic furrow | somatic clone

Pc^T181

neuroblast | somatic clone

Pc¹⁵

ommatidium, with tsr^UAS.int/tsr^Δ96

Pc^G4DBD.GMR

ommatidium, with tsr^Δ96, tsr^UAS.int

Pc^G4DBD.GMR

photoreceptor cell | somatic clone

Pc^T181

presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system

Pc³

primary gonial cell | somatic clone | spermatogenesis

Pc¹⁵

primary gonial cell | spermatogenesis, with Scer\GAL4^C587

prothoracic leg | ectopic

prothoracic leg | ectopic | male

retina, with tsr^UAS.int/tsr^Δ96

Pc^G4DBD.GMR

retina, with tsr^Δ96, tsr^UAS.int

Pc^G4DBD.GMR

rhabdomere, with tsr^UAS.int/tsr^Δ96

Pc^G4DBD.GMR

rhabdomere, with tsr^Δ96, tsr^UAS.int

Pc^G4DBD.GMR

rhabdomere membrane, with tsr^UAS.int/tsr^Δ96

Pc^G4DBD.GMR

rhabdomere membrane, with tsr^Δ96, tsr^UAS.int

Pc^G4DBD.GMR

sex comb (with Df(3R)ry27)

sex comb (with Df(3R)ry619)

sex comb | ectopic

sex comb | ectopic | heat sensitive

Pc¹¹

sex comb | ectopic | male

sex comb | increased number

Pc⁴

Pc¹⁶

sex comb tooth | ectopic

Pc⁶

sternopleural bristle

Pc³

telophase | embryonic stage

tergite, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

Pc^UAS.Tag:FLAG

ventral mesothoracic disc primordium

Pc³

Pc³

wing | somatic clone

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Download All OrthoDB Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Homo sapiens (Human) (9)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

9 of 15

Yes

Yes

8 of 15

No

Yes

6 of 15

No

Yes

6 of 15

No

Yes

5 of 15

No

Yes

1 of 15

No

No

2

1 of 15

No

No

3

1 of 15

No

No

4

1 of 15

No

No

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (9)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

9 of 15

Yes

Yes

7 of 15

No

Yes

6 of 15

No

Yes

6 of 15

No

Yes

4 of 15

No

Yes

1

4 of 15

No

Yes

1 of 15

No

No

1

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (9)

6 of 13

Yes

Yes

5 of 13

No

Yes

4 of 13

No

Yes

3 of 13

No

Yes

2 of 13

No

Yes

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (10)

6 of 12

Yes

Yes

6 of 12

Yes

Yes

4 of 12

No

Yes

3 of 12

No

Yes

3 of 12

No

Yes

1 of 12

No

No

1 of 12

No

No

1 of 12

No

No

Xtro\LOC108646164

1 of 12

No

No

1 of 12

No

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (16)

8 of 15

Yes

Yes

7 of 15

No

Yes

5 of 15

No

Yes

5 of 15

No

Yes

4 of 15

No

Yes

4 of 15

No

Yes

3 of 15

No

Yes

3 of 15

No

Yes

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

Yes

1 of 15

No

No

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (9)

4 of 15

Yes

Yes

1 of 15

No

Yes

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

Yes

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

Yes

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)

1 of 9

Yes

No

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

No records found.

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

No records found.

Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09190DG5 )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

AAA Syntenic Ortholog

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Drosophila suzukii

Spotted wing Drosophila

Dsuz\DS10_00004250

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila sechellia

Drosophila erecta

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila ananassae

Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura

Drosophila persimilis

Drosophila willistoni

Drosophila virilis

Drosophila mojavensis

Drosophila grimshawi

Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09150CWN )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Musca domestica

House fly

Glossina morsitans

Tsetse fly

Gmor\GMOY009614

Aedes aegypti

Yellow fever mosquito

Aaeg\AAEL014098

Anopheles darlingi

American malaria mosquito

Adar\ADAC000737

Culex quinquefasciatus

Southern house mosquito

Cqui\CPIJ008739

Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W0ESN )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Bombyx mori

Silkmoth

Bmor\BGIBMGA006904

Danaus plexippus

Monarch butterfly

Dple\DPOGS212988-PA

Heliconius melpomene

Postman butterfly

Hmel\HMEL007695

Apis florea

Little honeybee

Aflo\2209622596

Apis mellifera

Western honey bee

Bombus impatiens

Common eastern bumble bee

Bombus terrestris

Buff-tailed bumblebee

Linepithema humile

Argentine ant

Megachile rotundata

Alfalfa leafcutting bee

Mrot\MROTU:002a47

Nasonia vitripennis

Parasitic wasp

Nvit\Nasvi2EG002385

Dendroctonus ponderosae

Mountain pine beetle

Dendroctonus ponderosae

Mountain pine beetle

Tribolium castaneum

Red flour beetle

Pediculus humanus

Human body louse

Phum\PHUM001810

Rhodnius prolixus

Kissing bug

Rpro\RPRC011889

Cimex lectularius

Bed bug

Clec\CLEC010099

Acyrthosiphon pisum

Pea aphid

Apim\ACYPI002201

Zootermopsis nevadensis

Nevada dampwood termite

Znev\Znev_09211

Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X0ES0 )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Strigamia maritima

European centipede

Smar\SMAR012867

Strigamia maritima

European centipede

Smar\SMAR002003

Ixodes scapularis

Black-legged tick

Isca\ISCW012843

Stegodyphus mimosarum

African social velvet spider

Smim\KFM78333.1

Stegodyphus mimosarum

African social velvet spider

Smim\KFM67605.1

Tetranychus urticae

Two-spotted spider mite

Turt\tetur05g04900

Tetranychus urticae

Two-spotted spider mite

Turt\tetur14g03640

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_191862

Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G0NOT )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (8)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

cancer, multiple, epigenetic mechanisms

Disease Model Summary Ribbon

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

model of cancer

CEA

(Classen et al., 2009)

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

CBX2; chromobox 2

model of 46,XY sex reversal 5

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

CBX8; chromobox 8

9 of 15

CBX6; chromobox 6

8 of 15

CBX4; chromobox 4

6 of 15

CBX7; chromobox 7

6 of 15

CBX2; chromobox 2

5 of 15

46,XY SEX REVERSAL 5; SRXY5

46,XY sex reversal 5

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Dmel gene

Ortholog showing functional complementation

Supporting References

(Muller et al., 1995)

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Interactions Browser

View in Interactions Browser

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Orsi et al., 2014)

tandem affinity purification, Identification by mass spectrometry, pull down, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kang et al., 2015, Strübbe et al., 2011)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Poux et al., 2001)

pull down, peptide massfingerprinting

(Strübbe et al., 2011)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, autoradiography

(Tie et al., 2016, Poux et al., 2001)

affinity technology, peptide array, western blot

(Stein et al., 2013)

affinity technology, peptide array, western blot

(Stein et al., 2013)

affinity technology, peptide array, western blot

(Stein et al., 2013)

pull down, autoradiography, affinity technology, peptide array, western blot

(Stein et al., 2013, Tie et al., 2007, Cao et al., 2002, Czermin et al., 2002)

affinity technology, peptide array, western blot

(Stein et al., 2013)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Gozalo et al., 2020)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Gozalo et al., 2020)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Lv et al., 2016)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Tie et al., 2016)

pull down, peptide massfingerprinting

(Strübbe et al., 2011)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, peptide massfingerprinting

(Strübbe et al., 2011)

pull down, peptide massfingerprinting, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Strübbe et al., 2011)

experimental knowledge based, tandem affinity purification, Identification by mass spectrometry, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, autoradiography, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kang et al., 2015, Fereres et al., 2014, Gambetta and Müller, 2014, Mohd-Sarip et al., 2012, Guruharsha et al., 2011, Strübbe et al., 2011, Lo et al., 2009, Lagarou et al., 2008, Gorfinkiel et al., 2004)

tandem affinity purification, Identification by mass spectrometry, molecular sieving, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation

(Kang et al., 2015, Shao et al., 1999)

pull down, peptide massfingerprinting, western blot, tandem affinity purification, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Kang et al., 2015, Strübbe et al., 2011)

Pc - Su(var)205

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Cabrera et al., 2015)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, affinity chromatography technology, molecular weight estimation by staining, tandem affinity purification, Identification by mass spectrometry, pull down, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kang et al., 2015, Strübbe et al., 2011, Lo et al., 2009)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Saurin et al., 2001)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Saurin et al., 2001)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Saurin et al., 2001)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Breiling et al., 2001, Saurin et al., 2001)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Breiling et al., 2001)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, autoradiography

(Poux et al., 2001)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Lv et al., 2016)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Ray et al., 2016)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Salvaing et al., 2003)

pull down, peptide massfingerprinting

(Strübbe et al., 2011)

tandem affinity purification, Identification by mass spectrometry, pull down, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kang et al., 2015, Strübbe et al., 2011)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, autoradiography, western blot

(Poux et al., 2001)

pull down, western blot, tandem affinity purification, Identification by mass spectrometry, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kang et al., 2015, Strübbe et al., 2011)

pull down, peptide massfingerprinting

(Strübbe et al., 2011)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, enzymatic study, pull down

(Tie et al., 2016)

pull down, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, tandem affinity purification

(Frey et al., 2016, Kang et al., 2015, Fereres et al., 2014, Gambetta and Müller, 2014, Mohd-Sarip et al., 2012, Strübbe et al., 2011, Lagarou et al., 2008, Lupo et al., 2001, Shao et al., 1999, Kyba and Brock, 1998, Franke et al., 1992)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, peptide massfingerprinting

(Strübbe et al., 2011, Poux et al., 2001)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down

(Huang et al., 2002)

pull down, peptide massfingerprinting

(Strübbe et al., 2011)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, anti tag western blot

(Du et al., 2016)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Tie et al., 2016)

pull down, western blot, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation

(Strübbe et al., 2011)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Parrish et al., 2007)

RNA-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Loedige et al., 2015)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, partial DNA sequence identification by hybridization, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation

(Laver et al., 2013)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

esyN Network Key:

Suppression

Enhancement

View in Interactions Browser

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

(Zhang et al., 2017, Chen et al., 2005)

enhanceable

(Grienenberger et al., 2002)

enhanceable

(Orsi et al., 2014)

enhanceable

(Milne et al., 1999, Breen and Duncan, 1986, Jurgens, 1985)

suppressible

Bap170|polybromo

(Chalkley et al., 2008)

suppressible

(Chalkley et al., 2008)

suppressible

(Tamkun et al., 1992, Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)

suppressible

(Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)

suppressible

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)

enhanceable

(van der Knaap et al., 2005)

suppressible

(van der Knaap et al., 2005)

suppressible

(Anderson et al., 2011)

enhanceable

(Song et al., 2007)

enhanceable

(Grienenberger et al., 2002)

enhanceable

(Kodjabachian et al., 1998)

suppressible

(Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)

enhanceable

(Ruhf et al., 2001)

suppressible

(Classen et al., 2009)

suppressible

(Decoville et al., 2001)

enhanceable

(Decoville et al., 2001)

enhanceable

(Fauvarque and Dura, 1993)

enhanceable

(Sinclair et al., 1998, Stankunas et al., 1998, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

enhanceable

(Campbell et al., 1995)

suppressible

(Strübbe et al., 2011)

enhanceable

(Fauvarque and Dura, 1993)

enhanceable

(Fauvarque et al., 2001, Fauvarque and Dura, 1993)

suppressible

(Umer et al., 2019)

enhanceable

(Parrish et al., 2007)

enhanceable

(Pham et al., 2008)

enhanceable

(Shanower et al., 2005)

suppressible

(Shanower et al., 2005)

enhanceable

(Fresán et al., 2020)

enhanceable

(Rodriguez-Jato et al., 2011)

enhanceable

(Chang et al., 2001)

suppressible

(Chang et al., 2001)

enhanceable

(McKay et al., 2015)

enhanceable

(Parrish et al., 2007)

enhanceable

(Wang and Brock, 2003, Mollaaghababa et al., 2001)

suppressible

(Mollaaghababa et al., 2001)

suppressible

(Tariq et al., 2009)

enhanceable

(Culi et al., 2006)

enhanceable

(Lagarou et al., 2008)

suppressible

(Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)

suppressible

(Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)

suppressible

(Schulze et al., 2001)

suppressible

(Zorin et al., 1999)

suppressible

(Faucheux et al., 2003)

enhanceable

(Faucheux et al., 2003)

suppressible

(Sinclair et al., 1984)

suppressible

(Sinclair et al., 1984)

suppressible

(Morimoto et al., 2016)

suppressible

(Morimoto et al., 2016)

enhanceable

(Nishioka et al., 2018)

enhanceable

(Nishioka et al., 2018)

enhanceable

(Kehle et al., 1998)

suppressible

(Brizuela and Kennison, 1997, Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)

suppressible

(Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)

enhanceable

(Docquier et al., 1996)

enhanceable

(Tie et al., 2009)

suppressible

(Schaaf et al., 2013, Hallson et al., 2008)

suppressible

(Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)

suppressible

(Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)

suppressible

(Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)

suppressible

(Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)

enhanceable

(Kehle et al., 1998, Kennison and Tamkun, 1988, Duncan, 1982)

suppressible

(Campbell et al., 1995)

enhanceable

(Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)

suppressible

(Nishioka et al., 2018)

enhanceable

(Fresán et al., 2020)

enhanceable

(Schaaf et al., 2013)

enhanceable

(Dura et al., 1985)

enhanceable

(Fauvarque and Dura, 1993, Dura et al., 1985)

suppressible

(Roseman et al., 2001)

enhanceable

(Huang et al., 2002, Schwendemann and Lehmann, 2002)

suppressible

(Strübbe et al., 2011)

enhanceable

(Lamiable et al., 2010)

enhanceable

(Landecker et al., 1994)

enhanceable

(Larsson et al., 1996)

suppressible

(Ogasawara et al., 2007)

enhanceable

(Bornemann et al., 1998, Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)

suppressible

(Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)

enhanceable

(Furuyama et al., 2004)

suppressible

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)

suppressible

(Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)

suppressible

(Schaaf et al., 2013)

enhanceable

(Pham et al., 2008)

suppressible

(Fauvarque and Dura, 1993)

suppressible

(Fauvarque and Dura, 1993)

suppressible

(Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)

enhanceable

(Mariappa et al., 2018)

suppressible

(Calgaro et al., 2002, Fauvarque et al., 2001)

enhanceable

(Dutta and Li, 2017)

suppressible

(Gutierrez et al., 2003)

suppressible

(Fauvarque et al., 2001)

enhanceable

(Busturia et al., 2001, Strutt et al., 1997)

suppressible

(Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)

suppressible

(Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)

suppressible

(Kuzin et al., 1997)

enhanceable

(Rincon-Arano et al., 2012)

suppressible

(Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)

enhanceable

(van der Knaap et al., 2005)

suppressible

(Davies et al., 1996, Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)

suppressible

(Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)

suppressible

(Schaaf et al., 2013, Strübbe et al., 2011, Schulze et al., 2001, Sinclair et al., 2000, Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)

enhanceable

(Fresán et al., 2020)

suppressible

(Zhang et al., 2017)

enhanceable

(Parrish et al., 2007)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

enhanceable

(Mihaly et al., 1997)

enhanceable

(Grienenberger et al., 2002)

enhanceable

(Decoville et al., 2001, Hannah-Alava, 1964)

suppressible

(Gildea et al., 2000)

suppressible

(Gildea et al., 2000)

enhanceable

(Grienenberger et al., 2002)

suppressible

(Brumby et al., 2002)

suppressible

(Decoville et al., 2001)

suppressible

(Ji et al., 2012)

enhanceable

(Ji et al., 2012)

suppressible

(Bajusz et al., 2001)

enhanceable

(Tian et al., 2019)

suppressible

(Tian et al., 2019)

enhanceable

(Popkova et al., 2012)

suppressible

(Rodriguez-Jato et al., 2011)

enhanceable

(McKay et al., 2015)

enhanceable

(Morimoto et al., 2016)

enhanceable

(Saget et al., 1998, Docquier et al., 1996)

enhanceable

(Fauvarque and Dura, 1993)

enhanceable

(Marenda et al., 2004)

enhanceable

(Bejarano et al., 2005)

suppressible

(Bejarano et al., 2005)

suppressible

(Bantignies et al., 2003)

suppressible

(Anderson et al., 2011)

suppressible

(Du et al., 2016)

enhanceable

(Roseman et al., 2001)

enhanceable

(Roseman et al., 2001)

enhanceable

(Dutta and Li, 2017)

enhanceable

(Dutta and Li, 2017)

suppressible

(Herz et al., 2010)

enhanceable

(Ahmad and Spens, 2019)

suppressible

(Classen et al., 2009, Martinez et al., 2006, Kelley and Kuroda, 2003, Poux et al., 2002, Netter et al., 1998)

enhanceable

(Lee et al., 2005)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Component of PRC1 complex, which contains many PcG proteins like Pc, ph, Scm, Psc, Sce and also chromatin-remodeling proteins such as histone deacetylases. This complex is distinct from the Esc/E(z) complex, at least composed of esc, E(z), Su(z)12, HDAC1/Rpd3 and Caf1-55. The 2 complexes however cooperate and interact together during the first 3 hours of development to establish PcG silencing (PubMed:11493925, PubMed:11583617). Interacts with stx; the interaction targets Pc for ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation (PubMed:27326929). Interacts with Nup93-1 (PubMed:31784359).

(UniProt, P26017 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

65606

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0003042

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

Pc

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

Pc

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

External Data

Linkouts

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

3L

Recombination map

3-47

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

3L:21,306,138..21,318,020 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

78C6-78C7

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(3)j1B10^j1B10 and P{lacW}l(3)j2C4^j2C4

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

78D7-78D8

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Harding et al., 1995)

78E-78E

(Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)

Location from complementation analysis with deficiency and duplication chromosomes (details unspecified).

(Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-47

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-43.8

(Comeron et al., 2012)

3-47.1

(Kennison and Tamkun, 1988, Puro and Nygren, 1975)

3-48

(Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

3-47.7

(Duncan and Kaufman, 1975)

Left of (cM)

eg

(Puro and Nygren, 1975)

Right of (cM)

kni

(Puro and Nygren, 1975)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (36)

1728

9593

w¹¹¹⁸; P{Pc-EGFP}3

1730

In(3R)P(Pc³), Pc³/TM1

9395

y¹ w^67c23; P{yhsPc}703.9.3

31110

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF01581}attP2

1729

Pc¹ Abd-B^Mc/TM3, Sb¹

65435

y¹ w^*; M{hs.min(FRT.STOP1)dam-Pc}ZH-51C

18484

w¹¹¹⁸; PBac{WH}Pc^f01890/TM6B, Tb¹

106473

106475

In(3R)P(Pc³), Pc³/TM1

106474

Pc¹ Abd-B^Mc/TM3, Sb¹

v330532

P{VSH330532}attP40

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (13)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (163)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

DPiM_RE66837

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0003042

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0003042

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

40358

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Nishioka et al., 2018, Lv et al., 2016, Tie et al., 2016, Mason-Suares et al., 2013, Zink and Paro, 1989)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Other Information

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database identify of

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Other Comments

Haploinsufficient locus (not associated with strong haplolethality or haplosterility).

(Cook et al., 2012)

DNA-protein interactions: genome-wide binding profile assayed for Pc protein in Kc167 cells; see Chromatin_types_NKI collection report. Individual protein-binding experiments listed under "Samples" at GEO_GSE22069 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE22069).

(Filion et al., 2010)

Pc is required for normal neuroblast survival and proliferation in postembryonic central nervous system development.

(Bello et al., 2007)

Pc is required for for the maintenance of dendritic fields in class IV dendrite arborisation (da) neurons.

(Parrish et al., 2007)

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against Pc used to treat S2 cells results in a decreased proportion of cells in G1 and S phase, with an accompanying increase in G2/M cells. This modification of the cell cycle profile occurs in the absence of any apparent growth defect.

(Martinez et al., 2006)

Mutant allele fails to complement a QTL affecting male mating behaviour.

(Moehring and Mackay, 2004)

Pc-G proteins can silence gene expression at a large number of chromosomal locations, affecting both enhancer-activated and basal w transcription. Repression is observed even with separation distances of up to 3.0kb between target promoters and binding sites for tethered Pc-G proteins.

(Roseman et al., 2001)

Mutant analysis demonstrates functional interactions between Pc, sxc and Asx in vivo.

(Milne et al., 1999)

Pc protein is associated with genes silenced as part of the cosuppression phenomenon.

(Pal-Bhadra et al., 1999)

Pc, Scm, Psc, ph-p and ph-d contribute to the PRC1 (Polycomb repressive complex 1). PRC1 directly antagonizes ATP-dependent remodeling of nucleosomal arrays in a purified system and may directly modulate (and be modified by) SWI/SNF (brm/mor) activity.

(Shao et al., 1999)

Evidence of physical interaction between esc and E(z) in vitro and in vivo and coimmunoprecipitation in vivo suggests the proteins are direct partners in Pc-G mediated repression and this relationship has been evolutionarily conserved.

(Jones et al., 1998)

ph-p, Psc and Pc proteins coimmunoprecipitate from nuclear extracts. Interacting domains are identified and delimited using the two-hybrid system, the interactions are shown to be direct by using an in vitro binding assay.

(Kyba and Brock, 1998)

The Pc and trx gene products bind to PRE target sequences by cellular blastoderm, when the bithorax complex transcription begins. At the same stage trx but not Pc gene product is strongly associated with core promoters. At germ band extension, the time of derepression in Pc mutants, Pc gene product is found outside core PREs.

(Orlando et al., 1998)

Abd-B MCP725 element is a silencer that functions throughout proliferation of the imaginal discs. MCP725-mediated silencing requires the Pc and Pcl proteins (it is likely that other members of the PcG also interact with the MCP725 silencer).

(Busturia et al., 1997)

Mutant phenotype suppressed by alleles of kis and (weakly) EcR.

(Gellon et al., 1997)

Silencing activity of the iab-7PRE in the bithorax complex is dependent upon proteins from the Polycomb group.

(Hagstrom et al., 1997)

The chromodomain of Pc is necessary for protein-protein interactions within a Pc-polyhomeotic complex. In addition, Psc protein coimmunoprecipitates Pc and polyhomeotic indicating they are members of a common multimeric protein complex. These three proteins are associated with identical regulatory elements of en in tissue culture cells and differentially distributed on regulatory sequences of inv.

(Strutt and Paro, 1997)

The distribution of Pc protein on the bithorax complex of Drosophila tissue culture cells has been mapped. The protein is not distributed homogeneously on the regulatory regions of the repressed Ubx and abd-A genes, but is highly enriched at discrete sequence elements, many of which coincide with previously mapped Pc response elements (PREs). Trl protein is also bound at those PREs which contain Trl consensus-binding sites.

(Strutt et al., 1997)

Using reporter gene constructs the Pc group response elements (PRE) behaves as an orientation-dependent silencer capable of inducing mosaic gene expression on neighbouring genes.

(Breiling et al., 1995)

In an effort to subdivide the Pc-group genes functionally, the phenotypes of adult flies heterozygous for every pairwise combination of Pc-group mutation were examined. Asx, Pc, Pcl, Psc, Scm and Sce have similar functions in some imaginal tissues. Genetic interactions have been demonstrated between esc, Asx, E(Pc), Pcl, E(z) and sxc. Most duplications of Pc-group genes neither exhibit anterior transformations nor suppress the extra sex comb phenotype of Pc-group mutations, suggesting that not all Pc-group genes behave as predicted by the mass action model.

(Campbell et al., 1995)

Proper regulation of both trx and Pc can be established by transient assays with a haploid cell line expressing Ubx promoters fused to a Ecol\lacZ reporter gene. This system has been used to map the regulatory sequences in the Ubx promoter to a 440bp region. The Ubx proximal promoter is essential for trx-dependent activation.

(Chang et al., 1995)

Pc associates with multiple sites in the bithorax complex and these sites all contain maintenance elements, as defined by a Ecol\lacZ expression assay.

(Chiang et al., 1995)

The negative autoregulation of ph-p starts at the blastoderm stage and is partly mediated by a transvection effect. As the number of functional copies of ph-p increases a concomitant reduction of the transcription in each copy is observed. This regulation is ensured positively by the trx group and negatively by the Pc group gene products.

(Fauvarque et al., 1995)

Sections of the Scr regulatory region may be important for regulation of Scr by Polycomb- and trithorax-group genes.

(Gindhart and Kaufman, 1995)

Mutations of Pc interact with Dfd to reduce the viability of the Dfd³/Dfd¹³ combination.

(Harding et al., 1995)

A Pc-response element has been identified in an intron of abd-A.

(Lunde et al., 1995)

Phenotypic rescue of Pc^- larvae cuticle phenotype and Pc^- clones of adult cells demonstrates the Mmus\Cbx2 protein can emulate Pc both early and late in development.

(Muller et al., 1995)

Pc acts as a transcriptional silencer in embryos if tethered to reporter genes by the DNA binding domain of Scer\GAL4 (as a Scer\GAL4-Pc fusion gene). Silencing by Scer\GAL4-Pc requires the C-terminal portion, but not the chromodomain.

(Muller, 1995)

A method based on in-vivo formaldehyde crosslinking and chromatin immunoprecipitation has allowed the determination of the in vivo distribution of Pc, brm and Abd-B products at their target sites.

(Orlando et al., 1995)

A chimeric Su(var)205-Pc protein (the chromo domain of Pc in the context of Su(var)205) causes mislocalisation of Su(var)205 to Pc binding sites and expression in transgenic flies promotes heterochromatin mediated gene silencing. Results support the view that the chromo domain homology reflects a common mechanistic basis for homeotic and heterochromatic silencing.

(Platero et al., 1995)

The ventral to dorsal effect of Pc mutants is mediated through Dlw.

(Tiong et al., 1995)

Pc group response elements found in the Fab and Mcp regions of Abd-B induce mosaic expression of w^+mC, this is dependent on Pc.

(Zink and Paro, 1995)

Members of the Pc group function as potent repressors in mammalian cells.

(Bunker and Kingston, 1994)

Duplication of ph-d suppress homeotic transformations of Pc and Pcl, this data supports the conclusion that ph-d is at equilibrium with a multimeric complex containing Pc group genes.

(Cheng et al., 1994)

Pc product is found on larval salivary chromosomes at about 100 specific loci, in the same positions as the products of Pcl, ph-d and ph-p genes.

(Lonie et al., 1994)

Mutation analysis and en expression patterns demonstrate a role for Pc gene in regulation of some segmentation genes.

(McKeon et al., 1994)

P elements bearing ph-p regulatory sequences preferentially insert into regions containing known Pc and ph-p protein binding sites, perhaps because shared regulatory proteins bring transposons and insertion sites into close proximity.

(Fauvarque and Dura, 1993)

Pc binds polytene chromosomes at 45 locations where other Pc-group proteins, encoded by the Psc and polyhomeotic genes, are present.

(Martin and Adler, 1993)

Distribution of the Pc protein in the bithorax complex was determined, and Pc protein quantitatively covers large regulatory regions of repressed genes.

(Orlando and Paro, 1993)

There is considerable overlap of chromosomal binding sites for Psc, Su(z)2, z, Pc and the polyhomeotic proteins.

(Rastelli et al., 1993)

The bithorax complex genes are regulated by the Pc group of genes, acting via 'Pc group response elements' (PREs), that can work even when removed from the normal bithorax complex context. The Pc group products apparently provide stable memory or imprinting of boundaries which are specified by gap and pair-rule regulators.

(Simon et al., 1993)

Extensive overlap exists between the binding sites of ph-p and Pc on polytene chromosomes.

(DeCamillis et al., 1992)

Pc and polyhomeotic proteins are constituents of a soluble multimeric nuclear protein complex.

(Franke et al., 1992)

When homozygous or hemizygous, Pc mutants are late embryonic lethals. Embryos with at least one dose of the BXC show incomplete head development and caudal transformations, the thoracic and first seven abdominal segments being partially transformed into the eighth abdominal segment (FBrf0032262; FBrf0063402; FBrf0039217; FBrf0039211). This homeotic effect in homozygotes is enhanced by increasing the dosage of the BXC. Transformations involve brain and ventral nerve cord as well as epidermis (FBrf0037316). Pc⁺ alleles in the mother weaken the homeotic effect (FBrf0063402; FBrf0038997). Pc²/Pc² or Pc³/Pc³ clones induced in leg and eye-antennal tissue during larval development also show similar posteriorly-directed transformations (FBrf0037148; FBrf0063405). Pc/+ flies carrying at least one dose of the BXC show caudal transformations, i.e. partial conversion of wings into halteres and of anterior abdominal segments into more posterior ones. Some Pc heterozygotes show phenotypes characteristic of ANTC mutants, i.e. partial conversion of antennae into legs and of second and third legs into first legs (with sex combs in males) (FBrf0012037; FBrf0038059). The frequency of wing transformations varies directly with the BXC dosage, but does not seem to be changed by variation in ANTC dosage (FBrf0063405; FBrf0037909). The number of abdominal transformations, however, varies inversely with the doses of the BXC while it increases as the doses of the ANTC are increased (FBrf0038059; FBrf0063405). Other changes observed in Pc/+ flies include a transformation of ventral to dorsal wing (FBrf0051513; FBrf0039451), elevated, divergent, or crinkled wings, terminal gaps in the L4 wing vein, bent humeral or notopleural bristles, and defective sternopleural bristles, all abnormalities being less extreme in males than in females (sometimes absent in males). When doubly heterozygous with Antp^Yu and Antp^B, Pc enhances Antp. The expression of all Pc mutant heterozygotes (including deficiencies for the locus) is enhanced by the second chromosome dominant, E(Pc) (FBrf0039451; FBrf0040741). Pc³/Pc³/Dp(1;3;4)7 flies (carrying a Pc⁺ duplication) show stronger leg and wing transformations than E(Pc)/+; Pc³/+ flies (FBrf0063405; FBrf0039451).

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

Pc⁺ may be considered a negative regulator of the bithorax complex (BXC) and the Antennapedia complex (ANTC), with a decreasing gradient of activity from anterior to posterior.

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

The chromo domain is a homologous protein motif between Pc and Su(var)205. Transgenic lines and transient assays in culture cells have been used to determine the functional role of the Pc chromo domain, it is important for the function of Pc and is absolutely required for binding of Pc protein to chromatin. The chromo domain could be involved in a packaging mechanism essential for compacting chromosomal proteins within heterochromatin or heterochromatin-like complexes.

(Messmer et al., 1992)

Embryos mutant for two or more Pc group genes (Pc, Scm, Pcl, Psc, Asx, E(Pc), E(z), ph-d, pho and esc) show strong ectopic en expression, but only weak derepression occurs if embryo is mutant at only one of the Pc group genes. This effect is independent of the function of en itself, and wg.

(Moazed and O'Farrell, 1992)

Developmental profile of Pc gene products demonstrates that Pc is down-regulated by one of its own targets, Ubx.

(Paro and Zink, 1992)

Mutations of genes in the polycomb group (esc, E(z), Pc, ph-p, ph-d, Scm, Pcl, Sce, Asx, Psc, pho and Antp) cause abnormal segmental development due to the ectopic expression of abd-A and Abd-B. Embryos lacking both maternal and zygotic Pc product were generated to determine abd-A and Abd-B expression patterns.

(Simon et al., 1992)

Pc dominant loss-of-function mutants cause widespread alterations in cell fates by derepressing genes in the BXC and ANTC.

(Tamkun et al., 1992)

The Pc group genes are negative regulators of homeotic genes.

(McKeon and Brock, 1991)

Mutations in maternal class gene Pc do not interact with RpII140^wimp.

(Parkhurst and Ish-Horowicz, 1991)

Pc has been cloned and sequenced.

(Paro and Hogness, 1991)

Homeotic gene activity programs primordia as either discs or histoblast nests by the early extended germ band stage. In Pc^- embryos homeotic gene expression is no longer restricted to the normal expression domains.

(Simcox et al., 1991)

The Pc gene product regulates Antp transcription directly at the chromosomal level. Regulation of Antp P2 differs from Antp P1 in that in that it can be repressed by transacting factors other than Pc.

(Zink et al., 1991)

The role of Pc in maintaining stable patterns of homeotic gene transcription has been studied.

(Gould et al., 1990)

Interactions with a mutation of the Pc gene were used to confirm that ash1 and ash2 are members of a functionally related class of genes whose alleles have similar transformation properties to mutations of trx. The dominant extra sex combs phenotype of adult males heterozygous for Pc mutations is sensitive to the gene dosage of trx, and is suppressed by heterozygosity for a trx deletion and enhanced by heterozygosity for a trx duplication.

(Shearn, 1989)

Cell clones deficient for Pc and the BXC genes have abnormal wings and legs, Scr and en are derepressed in the absence of Pc and BXC function. By using the Pc^- mutation and various BXC mutant combinations imaginal cell clones possessing different combinations of active homeotic genes have been generated. In the absence of BXC genes Pc^- clones develop prothoracic patterns: Scr activity overrules Antp. Adding contributions of Ubx, abd-A and Abd-B results in thoracic or abdominal patterns.

(Busturia and Morata, 1988)

Mutations in 18 complementation groups identify modifiers of Pc and/or Antp phenotypes. All 18 complementation groups are required for viability. Alleles of Pc, Pcl, Scm, Dll, brm, kto, Scr and trx show clear dominant enhancement or suppression of Antp^Scx, whereas alleles of vtd, Vha55, Su(Pc)37D, urd, mor, skd and osa do not.

(Kennison and Tamkun, 1988)

Mutants of Pc exhibit a reduction in sex comb teeth on the second and third legs.

(Kennison and Russell, 1987)

Genetic analysis of the Pc locus suggests it is a complex gene. Insufficiency of Pc products can be corrected by insufficiency of hb products or be exaggerated by the excess of the same products. Pc⁺ products regulate the expression Of the Ubx protein coding region.

(Capdevila et al., 1986)

The effect of various mutations in the bithorax and antennapedia complexes on the Pc mutant phenotype has been studied.

(Sato and Denell, 1985)

Pc mutants display homeotic transformation of head and thoracic segments towards A8.

(Jurgens et al., 1984)

Mutant males display sex combs in the second and third legs.

(Duncan and Kaufman, 1975)

Origin and Etymology

Discoverer

P.H. Lewis.

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

Etymology

Identification

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 50 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

40358

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

P26017

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q541F9

Other crossreferences

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0003042

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0003042

DRscDB

40358/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas

FBgn0003042

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Pc_1

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG32443

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0003042

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

40358

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC012316

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

Dmel_CG32443

MARRVEL_MODEL

40358

modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project

FBgn0003042

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

P26017

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

65606

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0003042

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0003042

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

CG32443-RA

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0003042

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0003042

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

Pc

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

Pc

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (12)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG32443

(Meadows, 2018.4.4, Christis and Munro, 2012, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Ni et al., 2008, Klebes et al., 2005)

CG7618

DmPc

(Bertram and Pereira-Smith, 2001)

PC

(Decourcelle et al., 2019, Ogiyama et al., 2018, L Black et al., 2016, Pindyurin et al., 2016, Tie et al., 2016, Cesarini et al., 2015, Bowman et al., 2014, Grossniklaus and Paro, 2014, Ho et al., 2014, Lavington et al., 2014, Schuettengruber et al., 2014, Lo Sardo et al., 2013, Schuettengruber and Cavalli, 2013, Steffen et al., 2013, Follmer et al., 2012, Lanzuolo and Orlando, 2012, Mohd-Sarip et al., 2012, Riddle et al., 2012, Tie et al., 2012, Demakov et al., 2011, Dufourt et al., 2011, Grau et al., 2011, Islam et al., 2011, Kharchenko et al., 2011, Moon et al., 2011, Tolhuis et al., 2011, Vatolina et al., 2011, Vatolina et al., 2011, Filion et al., 2010, Johnson et al., 2010, Mills, 2010, Schwartz et al., 2010, Suganuma and Workman, 2010, van Steensel et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2010, Schuettengruber et al., 2009, Fanti et al., 2008, Pindyurin et al., 2008, Srinivasan et al., 2008, Lanzuolo et al., 2007, Ringrose and Paro, 2007, Tie et al., 2007, Cavalli, 2006, Comet et al., 2006, Grimaud et al., 2006, Hill, 2006, Kahn et al., 2006, Mohd-Sarip et al., 2006, Negre et al., 2006, Salvaing et al., 2006, Schwartz et al., 2006, Andreyeva et al., 2005, Chopra and Mishra, 2005, Schwartz et al., 2005, Ringrose et al., 2004, Czermin et al., 2002, Mohd-Sarip et al., 2002, Hodgson et al., 2001)

Pc

(Chaouch and Lasko, 2021, Khan et al., 2021, Lam Wong and Verheyen, 2021, Ponrathnam et al., 2021, Ulianov et al., 2021, Vidaurre and Chen, 2021, Chetverina et al., 2020, DeLuca et al., 2020, Fresán et al., 2020, Geigges et al., 2020, Gozalo et al., 2020, Harris et al., 2020, Kang et al., 2020, Liu and Hyeon, 2020, Liu et al., 2020, Loubiere et al., 2020, Meyer-Nava et al., 2020, Morgan and Shilatifard, 2020, Seif et al., 2020, Ahmad and Spens, 2019, Bonnet et al., 2019, Chetverina et al., 2019, Cheutin and Cavalli, 2019, Delandre and Marshall, 2019, Gervais et al., 2019, Gutierrez-Perez et al., 2019, Hall et al., 2019, Leatham-Jensen et al., 2019, Luhur et al., 2019, Parey and Crombach, 2019, Pherson et al., 2019, Umer et al., 2019, Dasari et al., 2018, Davis and Rebay, 2018, La Fortezza et al., 2018, Lv et al., 2018, Nishioka et al., 2018, Rosales-Vega et al., 2018, Rybina et al., 2018, Sadasivam and Huang, 2018, Yao et al., 2018, Akishina et al., 2017, Dutta and Li, 2017, Eagen et al., 2017, Maini et al., 2017, Marshall and Brand, 2017, Monribot-Villanueva et al., 2017, Schwartz and Cavalli, 2017, Sharma et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Aggarwal et al., 2016, Cruz-Becerra et al., 2016, Du et al., 2016, Frey et al., 2016, Harris et al., 2016, Kahn et al., 2016, Lv et al., 2016, Morata and Herrera, 2016, Morimoto et al., 2016, Peng et al., 2016, Piunti and Shilatifard, 2016, Ray et al., 2016, Shih et al., 2016, Shlyueva et al., 2016, Wani et al., 2016, Bivik et al., 2015, Dietz et al., 2015, Dupont et al., 2015, Erokhin et al., 2015, Finley et al., 2015, Grifoni et al., 2015, Hsu et al., 2015, Kang et al., 2015, Kim et al., 2015, Lee et al., 2015, Li et al., 2015, McKay et al., 2015, Ríos-Barrera et al., 2015, Saberi et al., 2015, Yung et al., 2015, Zang et al., 2015, Comoglio and Paro, 2014, Fereres et al., 2014, Gambetta and Müller, 2014, Gonzalez et al., 2014, Herrera and Morata, 2014, Liu et al., 2014, Maksimenko et al., 2014, McElroy et al., 2014, Ost et al., 2014, Pascual-Garcia et al., 2014, Stern et al., 2014, Tie et al., 2014, Aloia et al., 2013, Debruhl et al., 2013, Di Croce and Helin, 2013, Iovino et al., 2013, Lim et al., 2013, Mason-Suares et al., 2013, Mulero et al., 2013, Schaaf et al., 2013, Vaque et al., 2013, Vasanthi et al., 2013, Antao et al., 2012, Cheutin and Cavalli, 2012, Cook et al., 2012, Cuddapah et al., 2012, Gutiérrez et al., 2012, Hainaut et al., 2012, Herz et al., 2012, Ji et al., 2012, Langlais et al., 2012, Lim et al., 2012, Meier et al., 2012, Park et al., 2012, Petruk et al., 2012, Popkova et al., 2012, Pushpavalli et al., 2012, Rincon-Arano et al., 2012, Sakoparnig et al., 2012, Stern et al., 2012, Wen et al., 2012, Anderson et al., 2011, Bantignies et al., 2011, Cavalli, 2011, Chen et al., 2011, Choo et al., 2011, Davis et al., 2011, Enderle et al., 2011, Grau et al., 2011, Katsuyama and Paro, 2011, Mikhaylova and Nurminsky, 2011, Okulski et al., 2011, Pruteanu-Malinici et al., 2011, Rodriguez-Jato et al., 2011, Strübbe et al., 2011, Sultana et al., 2011, Ahn et al., 2010, Baig et al., 2010, Basu and Atchison, 2010, Bhatia et al., 2010, Brown and Kassis, 2010, Campos et al., 2010, Gan et al., 2010, Grau et al., 2010, Guertin and Lis, 2010, Herz et al., 2010, Huen and Russell, 2010, Lamiable et al., 2010, Lee et al., 2010, Li et al., 2010, modENCODE Consortium et al., 2010, Saj et al., 2010, Smulders-Srinivasan et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2010, Wilkinson et al., 2010, Classen et al., 2009, Fang et al., 2009, Francis et al., 2009, Gambetta et al., 2009, Gambetta et al., 2009, González and Busturia, 2009, Khan et al., 2009, Lo et al., 2009, Schaaf et al., 2009, Shevelyov et al., 2009, Sinclair et al., 2009, Sinclair et al., 2009, Sing et al., 2009, Tariq et al., 2009, Tie et al., 2009, Zhai et al., 2009, Chalkley et al., 2008, Chen et al., 2008, de Wit et al., 2008, Diop et al., 2008, Dixit et al., 2008, Doheny et al., 2008, Estella et al., 2008, Fedorova et al., 2008, Fujioka et al., 2008, Garaulet et al., 2008, González et al., 2008, Hallson et al., 2008, Hauenschild et al., 2008, Jung et al., 2008, Kwong et al., 2008, Lagarou et al., 2008, Lin et al., 2008, McDermott and Kliman, 2008, Pauli et al., 2008, Pérez-Lluch et al., 2008, Petruk et al., 2008, Pham et al., 2008, Zhang et al., 2008, Bai et al., 2007, Bello et al., 2007, de Ayala Alonso et al., 2007, de Wit et al., 2007, Engström et al., 2007, Goodliffe et al., 2007, Goodliffe et al., 2007, Mishra et al., 2007, Ogasawara et al., 2007, Parrish et al., 2007, Pindyurin et al., 2007, Schuettengruber et al., 2007, Schwartz and Pirrotta, 2007, Song et al., 2007, Chopra and Mishra, 2006, Culi et al., 2006, de Navas et al., 2006, Kang et al., 2006, Kavi et al., 2006, Klymenko et al., 2006, Le Bras and Van Doren, 2006, Liu et al., 2006, Maeda and Karch, 2006, Muller and Kassis, 2006, Papp and Muller, 2006, Qi et al., 2006, Ringrose, 2006, Tolhuis et al., 2006, Wang et al., 2006, Wang et al., 2006, Bejarano et al., 2005, Brown et al., 2005, Canudas et al., 2005, Chanas and Maschat, 2005, Chen et al., 2005, Chen et al., 2005, King et al., 2005, Ali and Bender, 2004, Breiling et al., 2004, Dellino et al., 2004, Gutierrez et al., 2004, Fischle et al., 2003, Kwon et al., 2003, Balasov, 2002, Huang et al., 2002, Joanis and Lloyd, 2002, King et al., 2002, Fitzgerald and Bender, 2001, Hirose et al., 2001, Choi et al., 2000, Franke et al., 1995)

Pc-G

(Akbari et al., 2006, Chopra and Mishra, 2003)

PcG

(Sneppen and Ringrose, 2019, Dasari et al., 2018, Kingston and Tamkun, 2014, Follmer et al., 2012, Worley et al., 2012, Jung et al., 2007)

dPC

(Simms et al., 2003)

pc

(Loedige et al., 2015)

Name Synonyms

POLYCOMB

(Bowman et al., 2014)

Polycomb

(Bender, 2020, El-Sharnouby et al., 2017, Schwartz and Cavalli, 2017, Piunti and Shilatifard, 2016, Tie et al., 2016, Wani et al., 2016, Wieschaus and Nüsslein-Volhard, 2016, Bajusz et al., 2015, Kim et al., 2015, Comoglio and Paro, 2014, Gambetta and Müller, 2014, Liu et al., 2014, McElroy et al., 2014, Orsi et al., 2014, Stern et al., 2014, Laver et al., 2013, Lo Sardo et al., 2013, Mulero et al., 2013, Schuettengruber and Cavalli, 2013, Follmer et al., 2012, Herz et al., 2012, Leser et al., 2012, Lim et al., 2012, Mohd-Sarip et al., 2012, Nowak et al., 2012, Petruk et al., 2012, Riddle et al., 2012, Stern et al., 2012, Wen et al., 2012, Anderson et al., 2011, Bantignies et al., 2011, Chen et al., 2011, Crozatier and Vincent, 2011, Davis et al., 2011, Katsuyama and Paro, 2011, Okulski et al., 2011, Strübbe et al., 2011, Tolhuis et al., 2011, Ahn et al., 2010, Baig et al., 2010, Basu and Atchison, 2010, Bhatia et al., 2010, Grau et al., 2010, Herz et al., 2010, Huen and Russell, 2010, Johnson et al., 2010, Kim et al., 2010, Schwartz et al., 2010, Suganuma and Workman, 2010, van Steensel et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2010, Classen et al., 2009, Fang et al., 2009, Lau et al., 2009, Schaaf et al., 2009, Shevelyov et al., 2009, Sinclair et al., 2009, Sing et al., 2009, Tariq et al., 2009, Zhai et al., 2009, Zhao et al., 2009, Chalkley et al., 2008, Chen et al., 2008, Chen et al., 2008, Chopra and Levine, 2008, Diop et al., 2008, Estella et al., 2008, Fanti et al., 2008, Garaulet et al., 2008, Jung et al., 2008, Kwong et al., 2008, Lu et al., 2008, Pauli et al., 2008, Pindyurin et al., 2008, Zhang et al., 2008, Bello et al., 2007, Bird, 2007, de Wit et al., 2007, Engström et al., 2007, Lanzuolo et al., 2007, Mishra et al., 2007, Pindyurin et al., 2007, Redhouse and White, 2007, Riaz et al., 2007, Ringrose and Paro, 2007, Schuettengruber et al., 2007, Song et al., 2007, Cavalli, 2006, Chopra and Mishra, 2006, Eissenberg, 2006, Kavi et al., 2006, Maeda and Karch, 2006, Maurange et al., 2006, Muller and Kassis, 2006, Negre et al., 2006, Nystul and Spradling, 2006, O'Dor et al., 2006, Ringrose, 2006, Schwartz et al., 2006, Bejarano et al., 2005, Brown et al., 2005, Chen et al., 2005, King et al., 2005, Schwartz et al., 2005, Ali and Bender, 2004, Fischle et al., 2003, Kwon et al., 2003, Levine and Tjian, 2003, Min et al., 2003, Wang and Brock, 2003, Balasov, 2002, Czermin et al., 2002, Huang et al., 2002, Mohd-Sarip et al., 2002, Saller and Bienz, 2001, Choi et al., 2000)

polycomb

(Wang et al., 2018, Aggarwal et al., 2016, Schuettengruber et al., 2014, Stein et al., 2013)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0015223
FBgn0052443

Datasets (3)

Study focus (3)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

transgene_used

genome binding

Protein profiling reveals five principal chromatin types in Drosophila cells.

bait_protein

modENCODE_chromatin_proteins_cells

genome binding

Genome-wide localization of chromosomal proteins in cell lines by ChIP-chip and ChIP-Seq.

bait_protein

modENCODE_chromatin_proteins_flies

genome binding

Genome-wide localization of chromosomal proteins in fly tissues by ChIP-chip and ChIP-Seq.

References (937)

Report Sections