FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\pk

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\pk

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

prickle

Annotation Symbol

CG11084

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0003090

Gene Model Status

Stock Availability

57 publicly available

Gene Summary

prickle (pk) encodes a core component of the Frizzled-dependent planar polarity complex, which localises to cell junctions in developing epithelia, most likely via direct protein-protein interactions with the transmembrane proteins encoded by Vang and stan. pk product contributes to planar polarity defects in epithelia, as well as nervous system development. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-20] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
UniProtKB
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

sple, pk-sple, prickle-spiny legs, prickle-spiny-legs

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

2R:7,150,703..7,223,378 [+]

Recombination map

2-55

RefSeq locus

NT_033778 REGION:7150703..7223378

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse GBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

GO Summary Ribbons

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (18 terms)

Molecular Function (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables protein binding

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:P51140

(assigned by UniProt )

(Tree et al., 2002)

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:A1Z7N9

(assigned by UniProt )

(Jenny et al., 2003)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables zinc ion binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001781, InterPro:IPR010442

(assigned by InterPro )

(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)

Biological Process (14 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (12 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in anterior/posterior axis specification

inferred from mutant phenotype

(assigned by UniProt )

(Tree et al., 2002)

involved_in axonal transport

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Ehaideb et al., 2014)

involved_in establishment of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Weber et al., 2012, Hogan et al., 2011, Jenny et al., 2005)

involved_in establishment of ommatidial planar polarity

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:dsh; FB:FBgn0000499

(Jenny et al., 2005)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Collu et al., 2018, Mirkovic et al., 2011, Zheng et al., 1995)

involved_in establishment of planar polarity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(assigned by UniProt )

(Tree et al., 2002)

involved_in establishment of tissue polarity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(assigned by UniProt )

(Tree et al., 2002)

involved_in establishment or maintenance of cell polarity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Tree et al., 2002)

involved_in establishment or maintenance of microtubule cytoskeleton polarity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Ehaideb et al., 2014)

involved_in morphogenesis of a polarized epithelium

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Classen et al., 2005)

involved_in ommatidial rotation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Weber et al., 2012)

involved_in positive regulation of axon extension

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:DAAM; FB:FBgn0025641

(Gombos et al., 2015)

involved_in positive regulation of axon guidance

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Gombos et al., 2015)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in establishment of protein localization

traceable author statement

(Mlodzik, 2002)

involved_in maintenance of protein location

traceable author statement

(Mlodzik, 2002)

Cellular Component (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Tree et al., 2002)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytoplasm

traceable author statement

(Mlodzik, 2002)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the prickle / espinas / testin family. (A1Z6W3)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

prickle (pk) encodes a core component of the Frizzled-dependent planar polarity complex, which localises to cell junctions in developing epithelia, most likely via direct protein-protein interactions with the transmembrane proteins encoded by Vang and stan. pk product contributes to planar polarity defects in epithelia, as well as nervous system development. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-20]

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Acts in a planar cell polarity (PCP) complex; polarization along the apical/basal axis of epithelial cells. Correct expression of the alternative isoforms is required for PCP signaling in imaginal disks. PCP signaling in the wing disk requires the receptor fz and the cytoplasmic proteins dsh and pk. These act in a feedback loop leading to activation of the jnk cascade and subsequent polarized arrangement of hairs and bristles. Dgo and pk compete with one another for dsh binding, thereby modulating fz dsh activity and ensuring tight control over fz PCP signaling. Vang, stan and pk function together to regulate the establishment of tissue polarity in the adult eye.

(UniProt, A1Z6W3)

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

pk: prickle

Polarity pattern of wing, haltere, and notum altered in mutants. Chaetae of triple row on anterior wing slanted anteriorly instead of posteriorly. Trichomes near L2 vein arranged in counterclockwise whorl on right wing blade, in clockwise whorl on left blade; trichomes in anterior wing occasionally duplicated (Gubb and Garcia-Bellido, 1982). On the notum, the posterior acrostichals are irregularly erect and whorled. Occasionally, extra dorsocentral and scutellar bristles appear at temperatures above 23. Mutant flies slightly larger than wild type. Gubb and Garcia-Bellido (1982) describe somatic clones of homozygous pk cells.

sple: spiny legs

Polarity of chaetae and trichomes on legs irregular; relations between bracts and bristles disrupted. High incidence of ectopic tarsal joints with inverted polarity, especially in tarsae 3 and 4; incomplete intersegmental membranes between tarsal segments, especially between segments 3 and 4; no extra sensilla companiformia despite extra joints. Chaetae on abdominal tergites turned toward midline instead of pointing posteriorly as in wild type; polarity of bristles on sternites disrupted as well.

sple3

A low-temperature-sensitive allele. Legs of flies raised at 19 highly condensed with incomplete joints, haphazard bristle pattern, occasional increase in number of bristle rows, and absence of some prominent markers. Flies unable to walk and soon get stuck in food. In sple3 flies raised at 28 53% of legs, though apparently normal, display abnormalities such as swollen second, third, and fourth tarsal segments, abnormal tarsal joints and reversals in bristle orientation in the middle of every segment; such flies able to walk and breed. About 30% of legs show phenotype intermediate between the two phenotypes described above. Mutant phenotype expressed in the homeotic legs of Antp and ssa; also expressed in mitotic clones.

Summary (Interactive Fly)

LIM domain protein - a tissue polarity protein - in the Dachsous-Fat system, Dachsous and Dachs, each independently interacts with the Spiny-legs isoform of Prickle and direct Spiny-legs localization in vivo

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

3

Number of Unique Polypeptides

3

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\pk for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.48

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

protein_coding_gene

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

FBtr0089042

4241

963

FBtr0089043

4109

1029

FBtr0089044

5224

1299

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

5.1, 4.2 (northern blot)

(Gubb et al., 1999)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank

FBpp0088113

104.7

963

7.23

FBpp0088114

111.8

1029

6.94

FBpp0088115

140.7

1299

6.87

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

1206, 936, 870 (aa)

(Gubb et al., 1999)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with dsh; PET and LIM domains interact with dsh DEP domain, in wing cells. Interacts with Vang in photoreceptor cells.

(UniProt, A1Z6W3)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\pk using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Linkouts

Expression Data

Expression Summary Ribbons

Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.

For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

ventral midline of embryo

(Gubb et al., 1999)

cephalic furrow

(Gubb et al., 1999)

embryonic stage 8

cephalic furrow

(Gubb et al., 1999)

embryonic stage 14

parasegmental furrow

(Gubb et al., 1999)

(Gubb et al., 1999)

(Gubb et al., 1999)

(Gubb et al., 1999)

third instar larval stage

eye disc posterior to the morphogenetic furrow

(Gubb et al., 1999)

pupal stage P6 -- P7

Comment: reference states 28-34 hr APF

(Gubb et al., 1999)

Comment: reference states 28-34 hr APF

(Gubb et al., 1999)

Additional Descriptive Data

In 28-34hr pupal wings, pk transcripts are expressed uniformly in intervein cells but not in presumptive vein regions. In pupal legs, transcripts are uniform in most cells but are excluded from the segmental boundaries. Low levels are detected in restricted domains in larval imaginal discs. In the eye disc, expression is detected in a stripe of cells behind the morphogenetic furrow. In wing discs, expression is higher along the dorsoventral compartment boundary. In embryos, a dynamic expression pattern is observed. Expression is highest in cells engaged in morphogenetic movements such as invaginating midline cells, the cephalic fold, and at parasegmental boundaries. Expression of the "pk" and "sple" isoforms is indistinguishable.

(Gubb et al., 1999)

"pkM" transcripts are detected only in embryos.

(Gubb et al., 1999)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic/larval epidermis

(Mrkusich et al., 2011)

sensory system neuron

(Mrkusich et al., 2011)

embryonic stage 16

larval abdominal segmental nerve

(Mrkusich et al., 2011)

scolopidial neuron

(Mrkusich et al., 2011)

wandering third instar larval stage

embryonic/larval optic lobe

(Tao et al., 2011)

embryonic/larval ventricular ganglion

(Tao et al., 2011)

larval central brain

(Tao et al., 2011)

Additional Descriptive Data

pk protein is expressed in the cytoplasm of all sensory neurons and their axons and in the epidermis from embryonic stage 13 on through embryogenesis. It is also expressed in motor axons including motor nerve SNa in stage 16 embryos. High levels of pk are seen in the dendrites of chordotonal neurons at this stage.

(Mrkusich et al., 2011)

In wandering third instar larvae, pk is localized in the optic lobes as well as in central brain structures between the lobes, and to part of the ventral segmental ganglia.

(Tao et al., 2011)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Tree et al., 2002)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\pk in GBrowse 2

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\pk

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\pk

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB

45343/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas

FBgn0003090

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

CG11084-RA

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0003090

Images

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 102 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 29 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of pk

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of pk

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 102 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 102 )

Gene disrupted in

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Green et al., 2000, Gubb et al., 1999, Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Roote and Ashburner, 2005.6)

(Roote and Ashburner, 2005.6)

(Roote and Ashburner, 2005.6)

(Roote and Ashburner, 2005.6)

(Ashburner et al., 1981)

(Ashburner et al., 1981)

(Ashburner et al., 1981)

(Green et al., 2000, Gubb et al., 1999)

(Gubb et al., 1999, Heitzler et al., 1993)

Df(2R)pk-sple-50

(Gubb et al., 1999)

Df(2R)pk-sple-51

(Gubb et al., 1999)

(Gubb and Garcia-Bellido, 1982)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Green et al., 2000, Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Gubb et al., 1999, Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Ashburner et al., 1981)

(Gubb et al., 1999)

(Gubb et al., 1999)

In(2LR)pk⁴⁴

(Gubb et al., 1999)

In(2LR)pk^D1-rv1

(Roote, 1997.6.6)

In(2LR)pk^D1-rv4

(Roote, 1997.6.6)

In(2LR)pk^D1-rv5

(Roote, 1997.6.6)

In(2LR)pk^D1-rv6

(Roote, 1997.6.6)

In(2LR)pk^D1-rv7

(Roote, 1997.6.6)

In(2LR)pk^D1-rv9

(Roote, 1997.6.6)

In(2LR)pkD1-rv2

(Roote, 1997.6.6)

In(2LR)pkD1-rv3

(Roote, 1997.6.6)

In(2LR)pkD1-rv8

(Roote, 1997.6.6)

In(2LR)pkD1-rv10

(Roote, 1997.6.6)

In(2LR)pkD1-rv11

(Roote, 1997.6.6)

In(2LR)pkD1-rv12

(Roote, 1997.6.6)

In(2LR)pk-sple⁴⁷

(Gubb et al., 1999)

In(2LR)TE35B-4^LTE35B-250^R

(Roote, 1997.6.6)

(Gubb et al., 1999, Gubb et al., 1986)

In(2LR)TE35B-14^LTE35B-4^R

(Roote, 1997.6.6, Roote, 1996.8)

In(2LR)TE35B-14^LTE35B-250^R

(Roote, 1997.6.6)

In(2R)CanB2⁸⁷

(Sullivan and Rubin, 2002)

(Gubb et al., 1999, Roote, 1995.9.26)

(Gubb et al., 1999, Roote, 1995.9.26)

(Gubb et al., 1999)

In(2R)pk-sple⁴⁰

(Gubb et al., 1999)

(Gubb et al., 1999, Gubb, 1998.2.25)

T(2;3)pk-sple³¹

(Gubb et al., 1999)

T(2;3)pk-sple³⁷

(Gubb et al., 1999)

T(Y;2)pk-sple⁴⁵

(Gubb et al., 1999)

Tp(2;2)pk-sple²²

(Gubb et al., 1999, Heitzler et al., 1993)

Tp(2;2)pk-sple²⁴

(Gubb et al., 1999)

Tp(2;2)pk-sple²⁶

(Gubb et al., 1999, Roote, 1996.3.6)

Tp(2;2)pk-sple⁴⁹

(Gubb et al., 1999)

Gene not disrupted in

(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1989)

(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1989, Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1989, Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1989, Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1989)

(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1989)

(Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1989)

(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1989)

(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1989)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Roote and Ashburner, 2005.6)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1989, Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

(Heitzler et al., 1993)

In(2LR)TE35B-14

(Gubb et al., 1986)

(Hilliker and Holm, 1975)

Tp(1;2)TE35B-SR36

(Gubb et al., 1986)

Gene partially disrupted in

(Roote and Ashburner, 2005.6)

(Roote and Ashburner, 2005.6)

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

partially lethal - majority live

pk¹

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

pk^GD1510

viable, with Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev

pk^sple.UAS

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

pk^GD1510

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

pk^GD1510

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

pk^GD1510

Sterility

Allele

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal behavior

pk^sple-1

abnormal cell polarity

abnormal cell polarity, with Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev

pk^sple.UAS

abnormal cell polarity, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

abnormal cell polarity | cell non-autonomous, with Scer\GAL4^Ubx.PdC

pk^UAS.cGa

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage | recessive

pk^pk-sple-13

abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage

pk^sple-1

abnormal neurophysiology | adult stage | dominant

pk^sple-1

abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

pk^sple.UAS

abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4^Act.PU

pk^sple.UAS

abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4^C-765

pk^UAS.cGa

abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4^da.G32

abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev

pk^sple.UAS

abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

pk^UAS.cGa

abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4^sd.PU

pk^sple.10xUAS

abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL

pk^sple.UAS

abnormal planar polarity | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^ptc.PU

pk^UAS.cGa

abnormal planar polarity | cell autonomous, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

pk^UAS.cGa

abnormal planar polarity | cell autonomous | somatic clone

abnormal planar polarity | cell non-autonomous

pk¹

abnormal planar polarity | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone

pk¹

abnormal planar polarity | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL

pk^sple.UAS

abnormal planar polarity | dominant

pk^TBJ21

abnormal planar polarity | recessive

abnormal planar polarity | recessive, with Scer\GAL4^- :

pk^EP2557

abnormal planar polarity | somatic clone

pk^pk-sple-13

abnormal planar polarity | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL

pk^sple.UAS

abnormal planar polarity | somatic clone (with pk^pk-sple-13)

pk^sple-1

abnormal planar polarity | somatic clone (with pk^sple-1)

pk^pk-sple-13

abnormal visual behavior

bang sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^A51

pk^UAS.cGa

bang sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

pk^UAS.cGa

bang sensitive | dominant

bang sensitive | semidominant

pk^sple-1

visible, with Scer\GAL4^Act.PU

pk^sple.UAS

visible, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

pk^UAS.cGa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev

pk^sple.UAS

visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^ptc.PU

pk^UAS.cGa

visible | cold sensitive

pk^sple-3

visible | dominant

pk^D1

visible | recessive, with Scer\GAL4^- :

pk^EP2557

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

abdomen & macrochaeta

pk^sple-1

abdominal sternite & macrochaeta

pk^sple-1

abdominal tergite & macrochaeta

pk^sple-1

adult abdominal segment posterior compartment, with Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL

pk^sple.UAS

adult abdominal segment posterior compartment | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL

pk^sple.UAS

embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system | embryonic stage

pk^sple-1

eye photoreceptor cell | somatic clone

pk^pk-sple-13

eye photoreceptor cell | somatic clone (with pk^pk-sple-13)

pk^sple-1

eye photoreceptor cell | somatic clone (with pk^sple-1)

pk^pk-sple-13

larval segmental nerve | third instar larval stage

leg & macrochaeta

leg & trichome

leg joint | ectopic

pk^sple-1

mesothoracic tergum & sensory mother cell & spindle

pk^pk-sple-14

mesothoracic tergum | posterior, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

pk^sple-1

metatarsus, with Scer\GAL4^C-765

pk^UAS.cGa

metatarsus, with Scer\GAL4^da.G32

pk^UAS.cGa

microtubule | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Toll-6-D42

motor neuron | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Toll-6-D42

ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev

pk^sple.UAS

ommatidium | somatic clone

pk^pk-sple-13

ommatidium | somatic clone (with pk^pk-sple-13)

pk^sple-1

ommatidium | somatic clone (with pk^sple-1)

pk^pk-sple-13

photoreceptor cell R4 | precursor | somatic clone

scutum, with Scer\GAL4^- :

pk^EP2557

tarsal segment 1 & joint

pk^sple-1

tarsal segment 1 & joint, with Scer\GAL4^C-765

pk^UAS.cGa

tarsal segment 1 & joint, with Scer\GAL4^da.G32

pk^UAS.cGa

tarsal segment 2

pk^sple-1

tarsal segment 2, with Scer\GAL4^C-765

pk^UAS.cGa

tarsal segment 3

tarsal segment 3, with Scer\GAL4^C-765

pk^UAS.cGa

tarsal segment 3 & joint

tarsal segment 4

tarsal segment 4, with Scer\GAL4^C-765

pk^UAS.cGa

tarsal segment 4 & joint

tarsal segment, with Scer\GAL4^- :

pk^EP2557

tarsal segment, with Scer\GAL4^C-765

pk^UAS.cGa

tarsal segment, with Scer\GAL4^da.G32

pk^UAS.cGa

tarsal segment & joint

pk^sple-1

pk^eq

pk^sple-1

trichome, with Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL

pk^sple.UAS

trichome & adult abdomen

pk^GO12

trichome & adult abdomen | somatic clone | cell autonomous

trichome & costal cell

pk^unspecified

triple row, with Scer\GAL4^C-765

pk^sple.UAS

triple row, with Scer\GAL4^da.G32

vesicle | third instar larval stage

wing, with Scer\GAL4^C-765

pk^sple.UAS

wing, with Scer\GAL4^da.G32

wing & cell

pk³⁰

wing & pupa & cell, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

pk^UAS.cGa

wing | cell autonomous | somatic clone

wing | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone

wing blade, with Scer\GAL4^C-765

pk^sple.UAS

wing blade, with Scer\GAL4^hs.PB

pk^sple.UAS

wing blade dorsal compartment

pk^pk-sple-14

wing blade dorsal compartment, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

pk^UAS.cGa

wing blade dorsal compartment | anterior

pk³⁰

wing blade dorsal compartment | posterior (with pk^sple-1)

pk^sple-27

wing blade dorsal compartment | posterior (with pk^sple-27)

pk^sple-1

wing cell | P-stage

pk¹

wing hair, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

pk^sple.UAS

wing hair, with Scer\GAL4^Act.PU

pk^sple.UAS

wing hair, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

pk^UAS.cGa

wing hair, with Scer\GAL4^C-765

wing hair, with Scer\GAL4^da.G32

wing hair, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

pk^UAS.cGa

wing hair, with Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev

pk^sple.UAS

wing hair, with Scer\GAL4^hs.PB

pk^sple.UAS

wing hair, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

pk^v22983

wing hair, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

wing hair, with Scer\GAL4^ptc.PU

pk^UAS.cGa

wing hair, with Scer\GAL4^Ubx.PdC

pk^UAS.cGa

wing hair & 1st posterior cell, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

pk^UAS.cGa

wing hair & cell & pupa, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

pk^UAS.cGa

wing hair | somatic clone

pk¹

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Download All OrthoDB Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Homo sapiens (Human) (27)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

12 of 15

Yes

Yes

11 of 15

No

Yes

10 of 15

No

Yes

1

2 of 15

No

No

2 of 15

No

No

2 of 15

No

No

2 of 15

No

No

1

2 of 15

No

Yes

2 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

Yes

1 of 15

No

No

1

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

Yes

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1

1 of 15

No

Yes

1 of 15

No

No

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (28)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

11 of 15

Yes

Yes

11 of 15

Yes

Yes

9 of 15

No

Yes

2 of 15

No

No

2 of 15

No

No

2 of 15

No

No

2 of 15

No

No

2 of 15

No

Yes

2 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

Yes

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

Yes

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

Yes

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

Yes

1 of 15

No

No

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (25)

11 of 13

Yes

Yes

10 of 13

No

Yes

8 of 13

No

Yes

2 of 13

No

No

2 of 13

No

No

2 of 13

No

No

2 of 13

No

Yes

2 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

Yes

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

Rnor\RGD1566184

1 of 13

No

Yes

1 of 13

No

Yes

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (17)

10 of 12

Yes

Yes

7 of 12

No

Yes

2 of 12

No

No

2 of 12

No

No

2 of 12

No

Yes

2 of 12

No

Yes

2 of 12

No

No

1 of 12

No

Yes

1 of 12

No

No

1 of 12

No

No

1 of 12

No

No

1 of 12

No

No

1 of 12

No

No

1 of 12

No

No

1 of 12

No

No

1 of 12

No

Yes

1 of 12

No

No

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (34)

12 of 15

Yes

Yes

11 of 15

No

Yes

9 of 15

No

Yes

9 of 15

No

Yes

7 of 15

No

Yes

2 of 15

No

No

2 of 15

No

No

2 of 15

No

No

2 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

Yes

1 of 15

No

Yes

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

Yes

1 of 15

No

Yes

1 of 15

No

Yes

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

Drer\LOC110438489

1 of 15

No

Yes

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

Yes

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

Yes

1 of 15

No

No

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (9)

11 of 15

Yes

Yes

2 of 15

No

No

2 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (2)

1 of 9

Yes

Yes

1 of 9

Yes

No

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (3)

1 of 15

Yes

No

1 of 15

Yes

No

1 of 15

Yes

No

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)

1 of 12

Yes

No

Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091901TV )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

AAA Syntenic Ortholog

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Drosophila suzukii

Spotted wing Drosophila

Dsuz\DS10_00005639

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila sechellia

Drosophila erecta

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila ananassae

Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura

Drosophila persimilis

Drosophila willistoni

Drosophila virilis

Drosophila mojavensis

Drosophila grimshawi

Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG0915011V )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Musca domestica

House fly

Musca domestica

House fly

Lucilia cuprina

Australian sheep blowfly

Lcup\FF38_02383

Lucilia cuprina

Australian sheep blowfly

Lcup\FF38_02392

Aedes aegypti

Yellow fever mosquito

Anopheles darlingi

American malaria mosquito

Adar\ADAC000648

Culex quinquefasciatus

Southern house mosquito

Cqui\CPIJ012800

Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W01M8 )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Bombyx mori

Silkmoth

Bmor\BGIBMGA012620

Bombyx mori

Silkmoth

Bmor\BGIBMGA012622

Danaus plexippus

Monarch butterfly

Dple\DPOGS210518-PA

Danaus plexippus

Monarch butterfly

Dple\DPOGS210519-PA

Heliconius melpomene

Postman butterfly

Hmel\HMEL016336

Heliconius melpomene

Postman butterfly

Hmel\HMEL009127

Apis florea

Little honeybee

Aflo\2280869428

Apis mellifera

Western honey bee

Bombus impatiens

Common eastern bumble bee

Bombus terrestris

Buff-tailed bumblebee

Linepithema humile

Argentine ant

Megachile rotundata

Alfalfa leafcutting bee

Mrot\MROTU:002381

Nasonia vitripennis

Parasitic wasp

Nvit\Nasvi2EG018205

Dendroctonus ponderosae

Mountain pine beetle

Tribolium castaneum

Red flour beetle

Pediculus humanus

Human body louse

Phum\PHUM142030

Rhodnius prolixus

Kissing bug

Rpro\RPRC001568

Cimex lectularius

Bed bug

Clec\CLEC003461

Acyrthosiphon pisum

Pea aphid

Apim\ACYPI072425

Acyrthosiphon pisum

Pea aphid

Apim\ACYPI001229

Zootermopsis nevadensis

Nevada dampwood termite

Znev\Znev_04649

Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X01K8 )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Strigamia maritima

European centipede

Smar\SMAR005458

Ixodes scapularis

Black-legged tick

Isca\ISCW000275

Stegodyphus mimosarum

African social velvet spider

Smim\KFM71395.1

Tetranychus urticae

Two-spotted spider mite

Turt\tetur02g10890

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_21094

Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G07C5 )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\Sp-Slc16a4L_5

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Ciona intestinalis

Vase tunicate

Cint\ENSCING00000003946

Ciona intestinalis

Vase tunicate

Ciona intestinalis

Vase tunicate

Cint\LOC100175863

Gallus gallus

Domestic chicken

Gallus gallus

Domestic chicken

Gallus gallus

Domestic chicken

Gallus gallus

Domestic chicken

Ggal\ENSGALG00000028262

Gallus gallus

Domestic chicken

Gallus gallus

Domestic chicken

Gallus gallus

Domestic chicken

Gallus gallus

Domestic chicken

Gallus gallus

Domestic chicken

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (11)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

9 of 10

3 of 10

2 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

epilepsy, PRICKLE-related

Disease Model Summary Ribbon

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

model of epilepsy

CEA

(Ehaideb et al., 2014)

model of epilepsy

CEA

(Paemka et al., 2015, Ehaideb et al., 2014, Tao et al., 2011)

model of epilepsy

CEA

(Ehaideb et al., 2014)

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

PRICKLE1; prickle planar cell polarity protein 1

model of progressive myoclonus epilepsy 1B

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

model of epilepsy

is ameliorated by faf^B3

(Paemka et al., 2015)

is ameliorated by faf^BX4

(Paemka et al., 2015)

is ameliorated by faf^BX3

(Paemka et al., 2015)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

PRICKLE2; prickle planar cell polarity protein 2

12 of 15

PRICKLE1; prickle planar cell polarity protein 1

11 of 15

EPILEPSY, PROGRESSIVE MYOCLONIC, 1B; EPM1B

progressive myoclonus epilepsy 1B

PRICKLE3; prickle planar cell polarity protein 3

10 of 15

LEBER HEREDITARY OPTIC NEUROPATHY, MODIFIER OF; LOAM

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Interactions Browser

View in Interactions Browser

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

RNA-RNA

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

luminiscence technology

(King et al., 2011)

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, pull down, autoradiography

(Ayukawa et al., 2014, Jenny et al., 2003)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Pataki et al., 2010)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, pull down, autoradiography, two hybrid

(Humphries et al., 2020, Ayukawa et al., 2014, Strutt et al., 2013, Mirkovic et al., 2011, Bastock et al., 2003, Jenny et al., 2003)

coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Ambegaonkar and Irvine, 2015, Ayukawa et al., 2014)

pull down, autoradiography

(Mirkovic et al., 2011, Das et al., 2004)

coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Ambegaonkar and Irvine, 2015, Ayukawa et al., 2014)

pull down, autoradiography

(Dollar et al., 2016, Jenny et al., 2005, Tree et al., 2002)

pull down, autoradiography, enzymatic study

(Collu et al., 2018, Mirkovic et al., 2011)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

esyN Network Key:

Suppression

Enhancement

View in Interactions Browser

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

(Weber et al., 2012)

enhanceable

(Weber et al., 2012)

enhanceable

(Weber et al., 2012)

enhanceable

(Jenny et al., 2003)

enhanceable

(Jenny et al., 2003, Gubb et al., 1999)

suppressible

(Jenny et al., 2003, Gubb et al., 1999)

suppressible

(Paemka et al., 2015)

enhanceable

(Weber et al., 2012)

suppressible

(Lee and Adler, 2002)

suppressible

(Jenny et al., 2003)

enhanceable

(Jenny et al., 2003)

enhanceable

(Weber et al., 2012)

suppressible

(Ehaideb et al., 2014)

suppressible

(Ehaideb et al., 2014)

suppressible

(Weber et al., 2012)

suppressible

(Pataki et al., 2010)

enhanceable

(Pataki et al., 2010)

suppressible

(Jenny et al., 2003)

suppressible

(Jenny et al., 2003)

enhanceable

(Jenny et al., 2003)

enhanceable

(Jenny et al., 2003, Taylor et al., 1998)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

(Rawls et al., 2007)

enhanceable

(Gombos et al., 2015)

enhanceable

(Strutt et al., 2006)

enhanceable

(Jenny et al., 2005)

suppressible

(Jenny et al., 2005, Tree et al., 2002, Gubb et al., 1999)

enhanceable

(Gubb et al., 1999)

enhanceable

(Lawrence et al., 2004, Adler et al., 2000)

enhanceable

(Lee and Adler, 2002)

suppressible

(Lee and Adler, 2002)

enhanceable

(Muñoz-Descalzo et al., 2007)

suppressible

(Cooper and Bray, 1999)

enhanceable

(Mirkovic et al., 2011)

suppressible

(Mirkovic et al., 2011)

suppressible

(Fanto et al., 2000)

enhanceable

(Classen et al., 2005)

suppressible

(Adler et al., 2000, Taylor et al., 1998)

enhanceable

(Jenny et al., 2003, Rawls and Wolff, 2003)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with dsh; PET and LIM domains interact with dsh DEP domain, in wing cells. Interacts with Vang in photoreceptor cells.

(UniProt, A1Z6W3 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

69608

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0003090

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

pk

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

pk

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.

Wnt signaling pathway

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

2R

Recombination map

2-55

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

2R:7,150,703..7,223,378 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

42F3-43A1

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}vimar^k16722 and P{lacW}cos^k16101

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

43A1-43A2

(Gubb, 1999.7.5)

42E3-43C3

(Ashburner et al., 1981)

Placed in 42E3--43C3 by deficiency mapping. This cytological map position does not agree with FBrf0020044.

(Ashburner et al., 1981)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-55

(FlyBase, 2016, Goldschmidt, 1944)

2-56.3

(Comeron et al., 2012)

2-55.3

(Grau and Simpson, 1987)

2-56

(Ashburner et al., 1981)

2-53

(Craymer, 1980)

Left of (cM)

cn

(Ashburner et al., 1981)

pwn

(Grau and Simpson, 1987, Ashburner et al., 1981)

Right of (cM)

Notes

The cellular polarity gene pk and the adult lethal nec gene map within the proximal region of pk-sple complex among a set of 3 Serpin transcripts.

(Gubb and Green, 1995)

Alleles of the 'prickle' phenotypic class map to the left of alleles of the 'sple' phenotypic class.

(Grau and Simpson, 1987)

Genetic map position is approximate.

(Ashburner et al., 1981)

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (57)

422

367

66526

41777

y¹ w^*; P{UAS-pk.G}2

44229

b¹ pk³⁰ cn¹

19038

w¹¹¹⁸; PBac{WH}pk^f07080

105903

105875

101551

pk^pk-sple-6 bw^D / SM5

v101480

P{KK109294}VIE-260B

v11099

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD1510}v11099

v22983

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD12775}v22983

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (45)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (117)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

AT21895

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0003090

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0003090

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

45343

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Olofsson et al., 2014, Strutt et al., 2013)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Other Information

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database identify of

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: pk CG11084

(Bayraktaroglu, 2000.4.13)

Source for merge of: pk CG12830

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

Additional comments

Annotations CG12830 and CG11084 merged as CG11084 (which corresponds to pk) in release 3 of the genome annotation.

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

Other Comments

During development of the bristle lineage, Vang protein is localised in an anterior crescent in dividing sensillum precursor cells.

(Bellaiche et al., 2004)

Mutations in fz-like class of genes fz, pk, Vang, stan and dsh act as strong enhancers of weak in or fy phenotypes.

(Lee and Adler, 2002)

in and fy are needed for cells to respond to pk and stan. Genetic analysis is not consistent with fz-like class of genes fz, pk, Vang, stan and dsh acting simply as positive or negative regulators of in and fy.

(Lee and Adler, 2002)

pk is required for a feedback loop that generates asymmetric planar cell polarity signalling in the wing.

(Tree et al., 2002)

The "Pk" class of alleles carry molecular lesions within the proximal 30kb of the transcription unit, whereas the "Pk-Sple" class of alleles map to the distal section of the transcription unit. In direction of increasing cytology: Spn43Aa+ pk+ Spn43Ab- nec- pk+ Ady43A-

(Gubb et al., 1999)

Alleles can be divided into three phenotypic classes, "Pk", "Pk-Sple", and "Sple". No allele causes an embryonic phenotype, even when homozygous mutant embryos develop from homozygous mutant mothers. Deletions of the pk gene are fully viable and fertile. The defects of the double mutant "Pk-Sple" class are the same as those seen with deletions of the entire gene. Paradoxically the "Pk" and "Sple" classes give more severe phenotypes with "Pk" affecting the wing and notum and "Sple" in the legs abdomen and eyes.

(Gubb et al., 1999)

The balance between the pk isoforms "Pk" and "Sple" is critical for the specification of planar polarity.

(Gubb et al., 1999)

pk is a slightly haploinsufficient gene. A deficiency for pk (and some pk point mutants) shows a weak, partially penetrant dominant tissue polarity phenotype. This effect is enhanced by several Vang alleles. Phenotypic data suggest that genetics of Vang and its interactions with pk are complex. Several, but not all, Vang alleles act as enhancers of the pk haploinsufficient tissue polarity phenotype, and the pk^TBJ21 antimorphic phenotype. Mutations in pk can also act as suppressors of Vang dominant phenotypes.

(Taylor et al., 1998)

Mutants do not exhibit defects in the denticle belt of hairs of the larvae.

(Dickinson and Thatcher, 1997)

In pk mutants the dorsal/ventral boundary in the eye is respected but the mechanism for ommatidial polarization is perturbed. A likely explanation for the observed phenotype is that the fates of dorsal and ventral cells within a cluster have been interchanged.

(Choi et al., 1996)

Mosaic analysis demonstrates pk function in either R3, R4 or R5 photoreceptor cell appears to be sufficient to drive an ommatidium in the right direction.

(Zheng et al., 1995)

Polarity pattern of wing, haltere and notum altered. Triple row bristles on anterior wing slanted proximally instead of distally. On the notum, the posterior acrostichal bristles are whorled.

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

Trichomes near L2 vein arranged in counterclockwise whorl on right wing blade, in clockwise whorl on left blade; trichomes in anterior wing occasionally duplicated. Somatic clones of homozygous pk mutant cells have been generated. Not a vital locus.

(Gubb and Garcia-Bellido, 1982)

"AQ254872; BDGP:EP (2)2557" was stated as revision.

Origin and Etymology

Discoverer

Ives, Nov. 1938.

Etymology

Identification

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 61 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

45343

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

A1Z6W3

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q3YNB2

Other crossreferences

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0003090

DRscDB

45343/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas

FBgn0003090

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0003090

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

243896

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

45343

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

Dmel_CG11084

MARRVEL_MODEL

45343

modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project

FBgn0003090

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

69608

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0003090

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0003090

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

CG11084-RA

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0003090

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0003090

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.

Wnt signaling pathway

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

pk

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

pk

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (16)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG11084

(Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5)

CG12830

(Luschnig, 2003.12.17)

PK

(Bayly and Axelrod, 2011)

Pk

(Strutt and Strutt, 2021, Winbush and Singh, 2021, Axelrod, 2020, Humphries et al., 2020, Mlodzik, 2020, Strutt and Strutt, 2020, Bonello and Peifer, 2019, Strutt et al., 2019, Collu et al., 2018, Humphries and Mlodzik, 2018, Carvajal-Gonzalez et al., 2016, Schenkelaars et al., 2016, Strutt et al., 2016, Schweisguth, 2015, Abley et al., 2013, Ezan and Montcouquiol, 2013, Fischer et al., 2013, Hazelwood and Hancock, 2013, Lawrence and Casal, 2013, Matis and Axelrod, 2013, Strutt et al., 2013, Zuo et al., 2013, Muñoz-Soriano et al., 2012, Sagner et al., 2012, Singh and Mlodzik, 2012, Weber et al., 2012, Axelrod and Tomlin, 2011, Hermle et al., 2011, Matsubara et al., 2011, Strutt et al., 2011, McNeill, 2010, Chung et al., 2008, Collier et al., 2008, Ma et al., 2008, Sweede et al., 2008, Humbert et al., 2006, Fanto and McNeill, 2004, Torban et al., 2004, Schweisguth et al., 2003)

Pk-Sple

(Collu et al., 2018, Eaton, 2003)

Sple

(Daulat et al., 2012, Collier et al., 2008, Doyle and Collier, 2008)

pk

(Cho et al., 2020, Fulford and McNeill, 2020, Han et al., 2020, Hope et al., 2020, Li et al., 2020, Rust et al., 2020, Koca et al., 2019, Maier, 2019, Meltzer, 2019-, Meltzer et al., 2019, Shadkhoo and Mani, 2019, Steinhauer et al., 2019, Strutt et al., 2019, Collu et al., 2018, Ikawa and Sugimura, 2018, Johan Arief et al., 2018, Ressurreição et al., 2018, Franz et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Carvajal-Gonzalez et al., 2016, Gene Disruption Project members, 2016-, Duff et al., 2015, Galic and Matis, 2015, Gombos et al., 2015, Kroll et al., 2015, Morozova et al., 2015, Paemka et al., 2015, Smith et al., 2015, Yang and Mlodzik, 2015, Zirin et al., 2015, Ayukawa et al., 2014, Ehaideb et al., 2014, Guarner et al., 2014, Vernes, 2014, Wang et al., 2014, Lawrence and Casal, 2013, Podratz et al., 2013, Strutt et al., 2013, Strutt et al., 2013, Butchar et al., 2012, Capilla et al., 2012, Daulat et al., 2012, Kuroda et al., 2012, Muñoz-Soriano et al., 2012, Weber et al., 2012, Goodrich and Strutt, 2011, Hogan et al., 2011, Luo et al., 2011, Mirkovic et al., 2011, Mirkovic et al., 2011, Mrkusich et al., 2011, Olguín et al., 2011, Shimizu et al., 2011, Tao et al., 2011, Djiane and Mlodzik, 2010, Lu et al., 2010, Mourikis et al., 2010, Pataki et al., 2010, Silicheva et al., 2010, Chung et al., 2009, Fetting et al., 2009, Hazelett et al., 2009, Lin and Gubb, 2009, Zhu, 2009, Chen et al., 2008, Dahmann et al., 2008, Doyle et al., 2008, Fiehler and Wolff, 2008, Strutt and Strutt, 2008, Strutt and Warrington, 2008, Zhou et al., 2008, Beltran et al., 2007, Chung et al., 2007, Fiehler and Wolff, 2007, König et al., 2007, Lawrence et al., 2007, Muñoz-Descalzo et al., 2007, Rawls et al., 2007, Shirai et al., 2007, Strutt and Strutt, 2007, Le Garrec et al., 2006, Price et al., 2006, Ren et al., 2006, Shimada et al., 2006, Strutt et al., 2006, Brown and Feder, 2005, Classen et al., 2005, Jenny et al., 2005, Strutt and Strutt, 2005, Lawrence et al., 2004, Jenny et al., 2003, He and Adler, 2002)

pk-sple

(Peng et al., 2012, Weber et al., 2012, Montrasio et al., 2007, Das et al., 2004, Lawrence et al., 2004, Strutt et al., 2002, Boutros and Mlodzik, 1999, Mlodzik, 1999, Gubb, 1998)

pkM

(Daulat et al., 2012)

sple

(Galic and Matis, 2015, Paemka et al., 2015, Ezan and Montcouquiol, 2013, Lin and Gubb, 2009, Doyle et al., 2008, Collier et al., 2005, del Alamo et al., 2002, Strutt et al., 2002, Clandinin and Zipursky, 2000, Meinertzhagen, 2000, Cooper and Bray, 1999, Choi et al., 1996, Gubb and Green, 1995, Zheng et al., 1995, Grau and Simpson, 1987, Craymer, 1980, Goldschmidt, 1944)

Name Synonyms

Spiny leg

(Ezan and Montcouquiol, 2013)

prickle-spiny legs

(Yang and Mlodzik, 2015, Ackley and Jin, 2004, Mlodzik, 2002)

prickle-spiny-legs

(Lin and Gubb, 2003, Cadigan, 2002, Strutt and Strutt, 1999)

spiny legs

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0003477
FBgn0033151
FBgn0040783

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

References (330)

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