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Gene Dmel\pn

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\pn	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	prune	Annotation symbol	CG3461
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0003116
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	69 publicly available
Also Known As	EG:152A3.5
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	X	Recombination map	1-0.8
Cytogenetic map	2E1-2E1	Sequence location	X:2,075,244..2,076,949 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene prune is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\pn (CG3461, FBgn0003116). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. An electronic pipeline based on InterPro domains suggests that it has the molecular function: manganese ion binding; pyrophosphatase activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: compound eye pigmentation. 106 alleles are reported. The phenotype of these alleles is annotated with: pigment cell. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: DHHA2; Phosphoesterase, RecJ-like. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: virgin spermatheca. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, adult thoracico-abdominal ganglion, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, adult female reproductive system, adult carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1637479_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of pn. Gene sequence location is X:2075127..2076949.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	pn: prune Eye color of newly emerged flies transparent brownish red, becoming brownish purple with age. The eyes of pn males have about 25% as much drosopterin (red pigment) as the eyes of wild-type males (Gearhart and MacIntyre, 1970, Anal. Biochem. 37: 21-25); the concentrations of xanthopterin and sepiapterin (brown pigments) are increased to about 110% of wild-type (Nolte, 1959). Control of drosopterin synthesis seems to be related to the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase (Evans and Howell, 1979, Biochem. Genet. 16: 13-26). The pn eye color is autonomous in larval optic disks transplanted into wild-type hosts (Beadle and Ephrussi, 1936). Larval Malpighian tube color is normal (Brehme and Demerec, 1942, Growth 6: 351-56). Standard pn mutants are homo- and hemizygous viable in a wild-type background, but show a lethal interaction with the third chromosome dominant awkK (Lifschytz and Falk, 1969; Orevi, 1973, DIS 50: 77). Some temperature-sensitive pn mutants (pnts-e), however, are insensitive to the killing action of awkK; one temperature-sensitive mutant (pnts-ek) is insensitive to awkK at permissive temperatures (18, 22), but sensitive to awkK at restrictive temperatures (25, 29) (Orevi, 1973, DIS 50: 80; Orevi and Falk, 1975). The TSP for the eye color phenotype occurs during the late pupal stage, while the TSP for the pn component of the pn-awkK interaction begins at the late pupal stage and lasts until eclosion (Orevi and Falk, 1975). Homo- and hemizygous pn deficiencies and other chromosomal rearrangements have been induced by Ilyina et al. (1980), as indicated in the allele table.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 2E1-2E1   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}ActnEP1193&P{EP}CG4322EP1631 and P{EP}EP1460&P{EP}CG2924EP1596
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 2E1-2E2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Teng et al., 1991)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	1-0.8 (Neel, 1942)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)	Pgd (Gvozdev et al., 1970)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\pn for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.39 Gene model reviewed during 5.51
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) pn-RA FBtr0070389  NM_057336   1638   405
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	1.8 (northern blot) (Frolov et al., 1994) 1.4 (longest cDNA) (Teng et al., 1991)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein pn-PA   FBpp0070373   45.2   405   6.32     NP_476684   AAF45743
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	405 (aa); 50 (kD) (Timmons and Shearn, 1996) 404 (aa); 44 (kD predicted) (Frolov et al., 1994) 365 (aa) (Teng et al., 1991)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Phosphoesterase, RecJ-like (IPR001667) DHHA2 (IPR004097)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA735914   AA802349   AE014298 AAF45743   AF317313   AF317314 AAK07880   AF317315 AAK07881   AI292533   AI388792   AJ001693 CAA04931   AW940591   AY051502 AAK92926   BF493378   BF493379   BF500191   BI605944   BI608153   BI609919   BI610048   BI611536   BI613367   BI617731   BI622328   BI625954   CO283878   GH956837   GH967652   GH968491   GH969855   GH979700   S55520   Z12141 CAA78127
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	O18399 Q629J6 Q24465
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 3   organism   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:maternally deposited embryonic stage 4 -- 6   organism   (Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
western blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage -- adult stage     (Timmons and Shearn, 1996)
Additional Descriptive Data
	A developmental western blot representing embryonic, larval, pupal and adult stages reveals that pn protein is present in all stages, with highest levels in pupae and adults, and lowest levels in mid-third instar larvae. (Timmons and Shearn, 1996)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: virgin spermatheca. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, adult thoracico-abdominal ganglion, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, adult female reproductive system, adult carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    49.2 Larval Midgut    43.9 Larval Hindgut    42.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    64.6 Larval Fat Body    117.7 Larval Salivary Gland    32.3 Larval Trachea    34.125 Larval Carcass    45.275 Adult Head    108.4 Adult Eye    173.425 Adult Brain    93.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    117.6 Adult Crop    45.5 Adult Midgut    59.6 Adult Hindgut    35.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    89.6 Adult Fat Body    414.1 Adult Salivary Gland    62.4 Adult Heart    208.85 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    535.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    337.9 Adult Ovary    102.7 Adult Testis    59 Adult Male Accessory Gland    48.4 Adult Carcass    185 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    49.2 Larval Midgut    43.9 Larval Hindgut    42.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    64.6 Larval Fat Body    117.7 Larval Salivary Gland    32.3 Larval Trachea    34.125 Larval Carcass    45.275 Adult Head    108.4 Adult Eye    173.425 Adult Brain    93.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    117.6 Adult Crop    45.5 Adult Midgut    59.6 Adult Hindgut    35.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    89.6 Adult Fat Body    414.1 Adult Salivary Gland    62.4 Adult Heart    208.85 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  535.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    337.9 Adult Ovary    102.7 Adult Testis    59 Adult Male Accessory Gland    48.4 Adult Carcass    185 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    49.2 Larval Midgut    43.9 Larval Hindgut    42.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    64.6 Larval Fat Body    117.7 Larval Salivary Gland    32.3 Larval Trachea    34.125 Larval Carcass    45.275 Adult Head    108.4 Adult Eye    173.425 Adult Brain    93.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    117.6 Adult Crop    45.5 Adult Midgut    59.6 Adult Hindgut    35.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    89.6 Adult Fat Body    414.1 Adult Salivary Gland    62.4 Adult Heart    208.85 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    535.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    337.9 Adult Ovary    102.7 Adult Testis    59 Adult Male Accessory Gland    48.4 Adult Carcass    185 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    49.2 Larval Midgut    43.9 Larval Hindgut    42.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    64.6 Larval Fat Body    117.7 Larval Salivary Gland    32.3 Larval Trachea    34.125 Larval Carcass    45.275 Adult Head    108.4 Adult Eye    173.425 Adult Brain    93.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    117.6 Adult Crop    45.5 Adult Midgut    59.6 Adult Hindgut    35.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    89.6 Adult Fat Body    414.1 Adult Salivary Gland    62.4 Adult Heart    208.85 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    535.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    337.9 Adult Ovary    102.7 Adult Testis    59 Adult Male Accessory Gland    48.4 Adult Carcass    185 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    49.2 Larval Midgut    43.9 Larval Hindgut    42.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    64.6 Larval Fat Body    117.7 Larval Salivary Gland    32.3 Larval Trachea    34.125 Larval Carcass    45.275 Adult Head    108.4 Adult Eye    173.425 Adult Brain    93.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    117.6 Adult Crop    45.5 Adult Midgut    59.6 Adult Hindgut    35.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    89.6 Adult Fat Body    414.1 Adult Salivary Gland    62.4 Adult Heart    208.85 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    535.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    337.9 Adult Ovary    102.7 Adult Testis    59 Adult Male Accessory Gland    48.4 Adult Carcass    185 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    49.2 Larval Midgut    43.9 Larval Hindgut    42.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    64.6 Larval Fat Body    117.7 Larval Salivary Gland    32.3 Larval Trachea    34.125 Larval Carcass    45.275 Adult Head    108.4 Adult Eye    173.425 Adult Brain    93.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    117.6 Adult Crop    45.5 Adult Midgut    59.6 Adult Hindgut    35.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    89.6 Adult Fat Body    414.1 Adult Salivary Gland    62.4 Adult Heart    208.85 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  535.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    337.9 Adult Ovary    102.7 Adult Testis    59 Adult Male Accessory Gland    48.4 Adult Carcass    185 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    49.2 Larval Midgut    43.9 Larval Hindgut    42.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    64.6 Larval Fat Body    117.7 Larval Salivary Gland    32.3 Larval Trachea    34.125 Larval Carcass    45.275 Adult Head    108.4 Adult Eye    173.425 Adult Brain    93.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    117.6 Adult Crop    45.5 Adult Midgut    59.6 Adult Hindgut    35.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    89.6 Adult Fat Body    414.1 Adult Salivary Gland    62.4 Adult Heart    208.85 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    535.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    337.9 Adult Ovary    102.7 Adult Testis    59 Adult Male Accessory Gland    48.4 Adult Carcass    185 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    49.2 Larval Midgut    43.9 Larval Hindgut    42.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    64.6 Larval Fat Body    117.7 Larval Salivary Gland    32.3 Larval Trachea    34.125 Larval Carcass    45.275 Adult Head    108.4 Adult Eye    173.425 Adult Brain    93.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    117.6 Adult Crop    45.5 Adult Midgut    59.6 Adult Hindgut    35.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    89.6 Adult Fat Body    414.1 Adult Salivary Gland    62.4 Adult Heart    208.85 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    535.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    337.9 Adult Ovary    102.7 Adult Testis    59 Adult Male Accessory Gland    48.4 Adult Carcass    185 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    108.4   NA  Eye    173.425   NA  Brain    93.4   49.2  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    117.6   NA  Crop    45.5   43.9  Midgut    59.6   42.6  Hindgut    35.4   64.6  Malpighian Tubules    89.6   117.7  Fat Body    414.1   32.3  Salivary Gland    62.4   NA  Heart    208.85   34.125  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    535.6   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    337.9   NA  Ovary    102.7   NA  Testis    59   NA  Male Accessory Gland    48.4   45.275  Carcass    185 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    3 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    6 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    7 head, mated 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    10 head, mated 20-day male    13 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    3 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    3 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    9 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    5 carcass, 20-day adult    8 ovary, virgin 4-day female    11 ovary, mated 4-day female    7 testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    3 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    6 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    7 head, mated 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    10 head, mated 20-day male    13 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    3 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    3 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    9 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    5 carcass, 20-day adult    8 ovary, virgin 4-day female    11 ovary, mated 4-day female    7 testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    3 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    6 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    7 head, mated 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    10 head, mated 20-day male    13 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    3 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    3 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    9 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    5 carcass, 20-day adult    8 ovary, virgin 4-day female    11 ovary, mated 4-day female    7 testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    3 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    6 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    7 head, mated 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    10 head, mated 20-day male    13 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    3 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    3 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    9 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    5 carcass, 20-day adult    8 ovary, virgin 4-day female    11 ovary, mated 4-day female    7 testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    3 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    6 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    7 head, mated 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    10 head, mated 20-day male    13 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    3 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    3 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    9 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    5 carcass, 20-day adult    8 ovary, virgin 4-day female    11 ovary, mated 4-day female    7 testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    3 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    6 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    7 head, mated 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    10 head, mated 20-day male    13 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    3 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    3 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    9 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    5 carcass, 20-day adult    8 ovary, virgin 4-day female    11 ovary, mated 4-day female    7 testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    3 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    6 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    7 head, mated 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    10 head, mated 20-day male    13 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    3 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    3 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    9 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    5 carcass, 20-day adult    8 ovary, virgin 4-day female    11 ovary, mated 4-day female    7 testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    3 central nervous system, pupae P8    4 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    6 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    7 head, mated 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    10 head, mated 20-day male    13 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    3 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    3 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    9 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    5 carcass, 20-day adult    8 ovary, virgin 4-day female    11 ovary, mated 4-day female    7 testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    23 embryo 02-04hr    16 embryo 04-06hr    8 embryo 06-08hr    4 embryo 08-10hr    5 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    4 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    3 embryo 20-22hr    2 embryo 22-24hr    2 larva L1    4 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    4 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    7 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    7 pupae 4d postWPP    6 adult male 01day    12 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    13 adult female 05day    16 adult female 30day    18 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    23 embryo 02-04hr    16 embryo 04-06hr    8 embryo 06-08hr    4 embryo 08-10hr    5 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    4 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    3 embryo 20-22hr    2 embryo 22-24hr    2 larva L1    4 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    4 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    7 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    7 pupae 4d postWPP    6 adult male 01day    12 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    13 adult female 05day    16 adult female 30day    18 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    23 embryo 02-04hr    16 embryo 04-06hr    8 embryo 06-08hr    4 embryo 08-10hr    5 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    4 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    3 embryo 20-22hr    2 embryo 22-24hr    2 larva L1    4 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    4 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    7 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    7 pupae 4d postWPP    6 adult male 01day    12 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    13 adult female 05day    16 adult female 30day    18 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    23 embryo 02-04hr    16 embryo 04-06hr    8 embryo 06-08hr    4 embryo 08-10hr    5 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    4 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    3 embryo 20-22hr    2 embryo 22-24hr    2 larva L1    4 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    4 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    7 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    7 pupae 4d postWPP    6 adult male 01day    12 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    13 adult female 05day    16 adult female 30day    18 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    23 embryo 02-04hr    16 embryo 04-06hr    8 embryo 06-08hr    4 embryo 08-10hr    5 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    4 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    3 embryo 20-22hr    2 embryo 22-24hr    2 larva L1    4 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    4 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    7 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    7 pupae 4d postWPP    6 adult male 01day    12 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    13 adult female 05day    16 adult female 30day    18 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    23 embryo 02-04hr    16 embryo 04-06hr    8 embryo 06-08hr    4 embryo 08-10hr    5 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    4 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    3 embryo 20-22hr    2 embryo 22-24hr    2 larva L1    4 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    4 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    7 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    7 pupae 4d postWPP    6 adult male 01day    12 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    13 adult female 05day    16 adult female 30day    18 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    23 embryo 02-04hr    16 embryo 04-06hr    8 embryo 06-08hr    4 embryo 08-10hr    5 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    4 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    3 embryo 20-22hr    2 embryo 22-24hr    2 larva L1    4 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    4 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    7 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    7 pupae 4d postWPP    6 adult male 01day    12 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    13 adult female 05day    16 adult female 30day    18 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    23 embryo 02-04hr    16 embryo 04-06hr    8 embryo 06-08hr    4 embryo 08-10hr    5 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    4 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    3 embryo 20-22hr    2 embryo 22-24hr    2 larva L1    4 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    4 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    7 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    7 pupae 4d postWPP    6 adult male 01day    12 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    13 adult female 05day    16 adult female 30day    18 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    14 Schneider line 2 Sg4    5 embryonic 1182-4H    5 embryonic GM2    5 embryonic Kc167    6 embryonic S1    5 embryonic S3    5 leg disc CME L1    3 wing disc CME-W2    5 wing disc ML-DmD8    5 wing disc ML-DmD9    5 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    8 wing disc ML-DmD21    5 wing disc ML-DmD32    3 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    8 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    7 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    5 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    5 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    4 ovary fGS/OSS    2 ovary OSC    4 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    14 Schneider line 2 Sg4    5 embryonic 1182-4H    5 embryonic GM2    5 embryonic Kc167    6 embryonic S1    5 embryonic S3    5 leg disc CME L1    3 wing disc CME-W2    5 wing disc ML-DmD8    5 wing disc ML-DmD9    5 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    8 wing disc ML-DmD21    5 wing disc ML-DmD32    3 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    8 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    7 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    5 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    5 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    4 ovary fGS/OSS    2 ovary OSC    4 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    14 Schneider line 2 Sg4    5 embryonic 1182-4H    5 embryonic GM2    5 embryonic Kc167    6 embryonic S1    5 embryonic S3    5 leg disc CME L1    3 wing disc CME-W2    5 wing disc ML-DmD8    5 wing disc ML-DmD9    5 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    8 wing disc ML-DmD21    5 wing disc ML-DmD32    3 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    8 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    7 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    5 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    5 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    4 ovary fGS/OSS    2 ovary OSC    4 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    14 Schneider line 2 Sg4    5 embryonic 1182-4H    5 embryonic GM2    5 embryonic Kc167    6 embryonic S1    5 embryonic S3    5 leg disc CME L1    3 wing disc CME-W2    5 wing disc ML-DmD8    5 wing disc ML-DmD9    5 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    8 wing disc ML-DmD21    5 wing disc ML-DmD32    3 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    8 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    7 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    5 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    5 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    4 ovary fGS/OSS    2 ovary OSC    4 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    14 Schneider line 2 Sg4    5 embryonic 1182-4H    5 embryonic GM2    5 embryonic Kc167    6 embryonic S1    5 embryonic S3    5 leg disc CME L1    3 wing disc CME-W2    5 wing disc ML-DmD8    5 wing disc ML-DmD9    5 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    8 wing disc ML-DmD21    5 wing disc ML-DmD32    3 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    8 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    7 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    5 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    5 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    4 ovary fGS/OSS    2 ovary OSC    4 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    14 Schneider line 2 Sg4    5 embryonic 1182-4H    5 embryonic GM2    5 embryonic Kc167    6 embryonic S1    5 embryonic S3    5 leg disc CME L1    3 wing disc CME-W2    5 wing disc ML-DmD8    5 wing disc ML-DmD9    5 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    8 wing disc ML-DmD21    5 wing disc ML-DmD32    3 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    8 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    7 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    5 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    5 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    4 ovary fGS/OSS    2 ovary OSC    4 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    14 Schneider line 2 Sg4    5 embryonic 1182-4H    5 embryonic GM2    5 embryonic Kc167    6 embryonic S1    5 embryonic S3    5 leg disc CME L1    3 wing disc CME-W2    5 wing disc ML-DmD8    5 wing disc ML-DmD9    5 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    8 wing disc ML-DmD21    5 wing disc ML-DmD32    3 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    8 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    7 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    5 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    5 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    4 ovary fGS/OSS    2 ovary OSC    4 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    14 Schneider line 2 Sg4    5 embryonic 1182-4H    5 embryonic GM2    5 embryonic Kc167    6 embryonic S1    5 embryonic S3    5 leg disc CME L1    3 wing disc CME-W2    5 wing disc ML-DmD8    5 wing disc ML-DmD9    5 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    8 wing disc ML-DmD21    5 wing disc ML-DmD32    3 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    8 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    7 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    5 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    5 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    4 ovary fGS/OSS    2 ovary OSC    4 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    4 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    4 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    4 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    4 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    4 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    4 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    4 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    4 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_26 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_05
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • GH15456 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003116 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG3461-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | recessive pn1a pn2a pn3a pn12 pn25 pn26 pn36 pn40 pn45 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 pnGD1269 Other Phenotypes Allele eye color defective pn1 pn2 pn3 pn5 pn12C pn18a pn26-20 pn27-9 pn27-22 pn38 pn51b pn51h pn54c pn55 pn59j pn62 pn68b pn69 pn77C33 pnA pnAA1 pnFG pnFS1 pnlb pnMS2 pnpw2 pntr1 pntr2 pntr3 pntr4 pntr5 pntr6 pntr7 pntr8 pntr9 pntr10 pntr11 pntr12 pntr13 pntr14 pntr15 pntr16 pntr17 pntr18 pntr19 pntr20 pntr21 pntr22 pntr23 pntr24 pntr25 pntr26 pntr27 pntr28 pntr29 pntr30 pntr31 pntr32 pntr33 pntr34 pntr35 pntr36 pntr37 pntr38 pntr39 pntr40 pnunspecified eye color defective | heat sensitive pnts-e1 pnts-e2 pnts-e3 pnts-e4 pnts-e5 pnts-e6 pnts-e7 pnts-e8 pnts-e9 pnts-ek visible pn3 pn5 pn51b pn51h pn55 pn59j pn62 pnAA1 pnFG pnFS1 pnMS2 pntr1 pntr2 pntr3 pntr4 pntr5 pntr6 pntr7 pntr8 pntr9 pntr10 pntr11 pntr12 pntr13 pntr14 pntr15 pntr16 pntr17 pntr18 pntr19 pntr20 pntr21 pntr22 pntr23 pntr24 pntr25 pntr26 pntr27 pntr28 pntr29 pntr30 pntr31 pntr32 pntr33 pntr34 pntr35 pntr36 pntr37 pntr38 pntr39 pntr40 visible | recessive pn1 pn2 pn26-20 pn27-9 pn27-22 pn68b pnlb visible | recessive | heat sensitive pnts-e1 pnts-e2 pnts-e3 pnts-e4 pnts-e5 pnts-e6 pnts-e7 pnts-e8 pnts-e9 pnts-ek wild-type pnhs.3 Phenotype manifest in Allele pigment cell pn1 pn12C pn18a pn2 pn26-20 pn27-22 pn27-9 pn3 pn38 pn5 pn51b pn51h pn54c pn55 pn59j pn62 pn68b pn69 pn77C33 pnA pnAA1 pnFG pnFS1 pnMS2 pnlb pnpw2 pntr1 pntr10 pntr11 pntr12 pntr13 pntr14 pntr15 pntr16 pntr17 pntr18 pntr19 pntr2 pntr20 pntr21 pntr22 pntr23 pntr24 pntr25 pntr26 pntr27 pntr28 pntr29 pntr3 pntr30 pntr31 pntr32 pntr33 pntr34 pntr35 pntr36 pntr37 pntr38 pntr39 pntr4 pntr40 pntr5 pntr6 pntr7 pntr8 pntr9 pnunspecified pigment cell | heat sensitive pnts-e1 pnts-e2 pnts-e3 pnts-e4 pnts-e5 pnts-e6 pnts-e7 pnts-e8 pnts-e9 pnts-ek
Classical Alleles ( 102 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of pn Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion pn1 spontaneous 65 Yes pn2 X ray irradiation 1 Yes pn3 spontaneous 1 -- pn62 X ray 1 -- pn12 X ray 0 -- pn12C ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes pn18a ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes pn1a X ray 0 -- pn20 X ray 0 -- pn25 X ray 0 -- pn26-20 X ray 0 -- pn26 X ray 0 -- pn27-22 bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide 0 -- pn27-9 bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide 0 -- pn2a X ray 0 -- pn36 X ray 0 -- pn38 Delta2-3 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes pn38r12 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes pn38r13 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- pn38r14 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- pn38r1 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes pn38r3 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- pn38r4 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes pn38r6 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes pn3a X ray 0 -- pn40 X ray 0 -- pn41f29 spontaneous 0 -- pn45 X ray 0 -- pn51b 32P 0 -- pn51h X ray 0 -- pn54c spontaneous 0 Yes pn55 spontaneous 0 -- pn57e X ray 0 -- pn59j spontaneous 0 -- pn5 X ray 0 -- pn63d X ray 0 -- pn68b 0 -- pn69 N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine 0 -- pn77C33 P-element activity 0 Yes pnA ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes pnAA1 diethyl sulfate 0 -- pnFG spontaneous 0 -- pnFS1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pnGB39 natural population 0 Yes pnlb X ray 0 -- pnMS2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pnpw2 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes pntr10 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr11 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr12 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr13 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr14 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr15 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr16 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr17 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr18 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr19 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr20 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr21 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr22 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr23 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr24 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr25 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr26 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr27 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr28 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr29 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr30 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr31 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr32 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr33 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr34 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr35 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr36 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr37 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr38 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr39 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr40 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr7 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr8 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr9 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pnts-e1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pnts-e2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pnts-e3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pnts-e4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pnts-e5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pnts-e6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pnts-e7 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pnts-e8 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pnts-e9 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pnts-ek ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pnU1 spontaneous 0 Yes pnU2 spontaneous 0 Yes pnU3 spontaneous 0 Yes pnunspecified 0 -- pnX 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of pn Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion pnGD1269 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes pnhs.3 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes pnhs.4 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes pnNIG.3461R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(1)64c18 (Gvozdev et al., 1975, Gvozdev et al., 1977, Craymer and Roy, 1980, Perrimon et al., 1984, Alatortsev and Tolchkov, 1985, Perrimon et al., 1985, Gandhi et al., 1992) Df(1)172 (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)235 (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)BSC570 (Christensen et al., 2008.7.11) Df(1)BSC590 (Cook et al., 2008.9.3) Df(1)Exel6289 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(1)JC105 (Perrimon et al., 1984, Perrimon et al., 1985, Gandhi et al., 1992) Df(1)l24 (Perrimon et al., 1984, Perrimon et al., 1985) Df(1)N-264-38 (Slizynska, 1938) Df(1)Pgd35 (Perrimon et al., 1984) Df(1)Pgd-kz (Gvozdev et al., 1973, Gvozdev et al., 1977, Kramers et al., 1983, Perrimon et al., 1984, Alatortsev and Tolchkov, 1985, Perrimon et al., 1985, Kramers et al., 1991) Df(1)pn7a (Perrimon et al., 1984, Alatortsev and Tolchkov, 1985, Perrimon et al., 1985) Df(1)pn10 (Valencia, 1966) Df(1)pn38 (Alatortsev and Tolchkov, 1985, Perrimon et al., 1985) Df(1)TEM304 (Gvozdev et al., 1975, Kramers et al., 1983, Perrimon et al., 1984, Perrimon et al., 1985, Kramers et al., 1991) Df(1)w62g26 (Lefevre, 1970) In(1)C99Lwm4R (Perrimon et al., 1985) In(1)pn45 (Alatortsev and Tolchkov, 1985, Dura et al., 1985) T(1;3)pn12 (Alatortsev and Tolchkov, 1985) T(1;4)231b (Patterson, 1932)
Duplicated in	Dp(1;1)100 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;1)105 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;2;Y)w+ (Kramers et al., 1983, Kramers et al., 1991) Dp(1;3)DC039 (Popodi et al., 2010-, Venken et al., 2010) Dp(1;3)N50k   Dp(1;3)wvco (Perrimon et al., 1985) Dp(1;f)100 (Morgan, 1938) Dp(1;f)102 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;f)136 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;f)137 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;f)eq (Morgan, 1938) Dp(1;Y)w+303 (Perrimon et al., 1985) Dp(1;Y)y243T (Alatortsev and Tolchkov, 1985) Dp(1;Y)y267g19.1 (Lefevre, 1981)
Not disrupted in	Df(1)2F1-3A4 (Perrimon et al., 1984, Perrimon et al., 1985) Df(1)24a (Mackensen, 1935) Df(1)62g18 (Perrimon et al., 1984) Df(1)247g (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)262 (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)267 (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)271 (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)278.4B1 (Perrimon et al., 1984, Perrimon et al., 1985) Df(1)303 (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)308 (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)314 (Patterson, 1932, Mackensen, 1935) Df(1)dor2T (Alatortsev and Tolchkov, 1985) Df(1)JA52 (Perrimon et al., 1985) Df(1)JC19 (Craymer and Roy, 1980, Perrimon et al., 1984) Df(1)L271 (Perrimon et al., 1984, Perrimon et al., 1985) Df(1)N-8 (Mackensen, 1935, Kramers et al., 1991) Df(1)N-54l9 (Kramers et al., 1991) Df(1)N-264-58 (Demerec, 1940) Df(1)N-264-105 (Kramers et al., 1991) Df(1)Sp2F-3A (Schalet, 1986) Df(1)TEM1 (Gvozdev et al., 1975, Gvozdev et al., 1977, Kramers et al., 1983, Alatortsev and Tolchkov, 1985, Kramers et al., 1991) Df(1)TEM7 (Kramers et al., 1991) Df(1)TEM75 (Perrimon et al., 1984) Df(1)TEM202 (Kramers et al., 1991) Df(1)TEM304 (Gvozdev et al., 1977, Alatortsev and Tolchkov, 1985) Df(1)TEM501 (Gvozdev et al., 1975, Gvozdev et al., 1977, Kramers et al., 1983, Alatortsev and Tolchkov, 1985, Kramers et al., 1991) Df(1)w67k30 (Kramers et al., 1991) Df(1)w258-48 (Kramers et al., 1991) Df(1)w-rJ1 (Kramers et al., 1991) Df(1)X12 (Perrimon et al., 1984)
Not duplicated in	Dp(1;1)112 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;2)51b (Kramers et al., 1991) Dp(1;2)w+62g26 (Lefevre, 1970) Dp(1;3)wvco (Schalet, 1986) Dp(1;f)65 (Gethmann, 1967) Dp(1;f)65XC2 (Gethmann, 1967) Dp(1;f)106 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;f)107 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;f)118 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;f)y-sc (Oliver, 1937) Dp(1;Y)1E (Masterson, 1968) Dp(1;Y)2E (Masterson, 1968) Dp(1;Y)dor3T (Alatortsev and Tolchkov, 1985) Dp(1;Y)su(f)+ (Gethmann, 1967)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD1269} NA P{NIG.3461R} NA heat-shock construct P{HS-PN+3} NA P{HS-PN+4} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions 422{}pn1 NA 422{}pn54c NA ?{}pn3 NA P{}pn38 NA P{}pn77C33 NA P{}pnpw2 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 4 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 term )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
compound eye pigmentation inferred from mutant phenotype (Reaume et al., 1991)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 3 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
manganese ion binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001667 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) pyrophosphatase activity inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004097 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process ( 0 terms)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasm inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004097 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions pn allele Gene References pn1 awd (Timmons and Shearn, 1996, Krishnan et al., 2001) pn2 awd (Timmons and Shearn, 1996) pn12C awd (Timmons and Shearn, 1996) pn18a awd (Timmons and Shearn, 1996) pn77C33 awd (Timmons et al., 1995) unspecified awd (Biggs et al., 1988, Sturtevant, 1955, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, Timmons and Shearn, 1996)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 57734 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003116 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 31194
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (37) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6S7K8W Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6WQ1B3 Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6PC8NR Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG68GTJZ Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6VB6JC
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6S7K8W)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\pn     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD16595 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM19207 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG12916 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE16244 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF22198 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA17466 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL13325     Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL13324     Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK16048 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ15824 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI11044 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH17810 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6WQ1B3)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL011602   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP004314   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ005338
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6PC8NR)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\LOC100577741   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG012886   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP15598   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO21138   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL12635   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH14023   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB23179   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV25715   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA001773   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM147650   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC002956
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG68GTJZ)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\Slc36a1   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW008102
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6VB6JC)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_007665gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\prune   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\prune   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\ENSGALG00000015168   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\ENSGALG00000001989   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Prune   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Prune   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\PRUNE
Human Orthologs (1)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\PRUNE
AAA Orthologs (10) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD16595 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM19207 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG12916 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE16244 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF22198 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA17466 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK16048 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ15824 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI11044 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH17810
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 69 )
Bloomington	81 pn2 174 y1 pn1 2986 Df(1)Pgd35, pn1/FM0 1505 y1 pn1 vs148 6033 Pgdn39 pn1 Zwlo2a
Kyoto	101167 pn1 z1 105771 y1 pn1 101168 pn1 z1 wis 106352 y1 pn1 vs148 101165 Pgdn39 pn1 Zwn10 101164 Pgdn39 pn1 Zwlo27
VDRC	v6975 w1118; P{GD1269}v6975
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR32O19 BACR48O22 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 21 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GH15456
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT14942 GH19807 GM04242 GM10090 RH12330 RH14768 RH14917 RH17861 RH42511 RH48149 RH54174 RH66467 RH71965
Other clones	AT01711 EK164717 RP004070511 RP004247643 RP004435483 RP004454228 RP004465573
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003116 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 31194
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Timmons and Shearn, 1996)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: pn CG3461 (Deng, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
	dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology. (Kiger et al., 2003) Shows particularly robust cycling of transcription in adult heads, as assessed by expression analysis using high density oligonucleotide arrays with probe generated during three 12-point time course experiments over the course of 6 days. (Claridge-Chang et al., 2001) Novel family of predicted phosphoesterases is identified, including the pn gene product. (Aravind and Koonin, 1998) In a sample of 79 genes with multiple introns, 33 showed significant heterogeneity in G+C content among introns of the same gene and significant positive correspondence between the intron and the third codon position G+C content within genes. These results are consistent with selection adding against preferred codons at the start of genes. (Kliman and Eyre-Walker, 1998) In(1LR)pn2a causes pn-coloured eyes in pn heterozygous females. (Tolchkov et al., 1997) To understand the function of pn the nucleotide sequence of a pn cDNA and pn genomic DNA have been determined. Verification that the cDNA encodes a functional pn product is demonstrated by rescue of both the pn eye phenotype and the pn/awdK interaction. (Timmons and Shearn, 1996) Full length pn cDNA has been cloned and sequenced. (Frolov et al., 1994) Genetic interactions suggest that pn product in same haematopoetic pathway as awd and hop gene products. (Zinyk et al., 1993) pn shows a lethal interaction with awdK: a small number of larvae reach second instar. A maternal effect can shift the phenocritical period for one larval stage. This effect is temperature sensitive: low temperature, more larvae reach third instar. The perineurium, glia and lymph gland are the main cellular targets of the pn/awdK interaction. (Hackstein, 1992) Eye color of newly emerged flies transparent brownish red, becoming brownish purple with age. The eyes of pn1 males have about 25% as much drosopterin (red pigment) as the eyes of wild-type males (FBrf0021089); the concentrations of xanthopterin and sepiapterin (brown pigments) are increased to about 110% of wild-type (FBrf0012680). Control of drosopterin synthesis seems to be related to the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase (FBrf0031059). The pn1 eye color is autonomous in larval optic discs transplanted into wild-type hosts (FBrf0003530). Larval Malpighian tube color is normal (FBrf0005752). Standard pn mutants are homo- and hemizygous viable in a wild-type background, but show a lethal interaction with the third chromosome dominant awdK (FBrf0020565; FBrf0024856). Some temperature-sensitive pn mutants ('pnts-e' series), however, are insensitive to the killing action of awdK; one temperature-sensitive mutant (pnts-ek) is insensitive to awdK at permissive temperatures (18oC, 22oC), but sensitive to awdK at restrictive temperatures (25oC, 29oC) (FBrf0024860; FBrf0027926). The TSP for the eye color phenotype occurs during the late pupal stage, while the TSP for the pn component of the pn-awdK interaction begins at the late pupal stage and lasts until eclosion (FBrf0027926). Homo- and hemizygous pn deficiencies and other chromosomal rearrangements have been induced by Ilyina (FBrf0034407). (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) Molecular analysis of pn. (Teng et al., 1991) Analysis of the pn locus suggests that it may encode a cloned 1.4kb cDNA, which encodes a protein with similarity to the catalytic domain of mammalian GTPase-activating proteins. (Teng et al., 1991) pn has been cloned and sequence homology comparisons show a cDNA of pn has similarity to the catalytic domain of bovine GTPase activating protein. (Teng et al., 1991) One copy of awdK carried in a P element is sufficient to evoke a lethal interaction with pn. (Biggs et al., 1988) Identification: A saturation analysis of the 2D3--2F5 region detected the pn complementation group. (Alatortsev and Tolchkov, 1985)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_057336 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_476684 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA735914 AAA04887 AAF45743 AAK07880 AAK07881 AAK92926 AF317313 AF317314 AF317315 AI292533 AJ001693 AL009194 AW940591 AY051502 CAA04931 CAA78127 S55520 Z12141 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 31194 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • O18399 Q629J6 Q24465
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Phosphoesterase, RecJ-like (IPR001667) DHHA2 (IPR004097) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • GH15456
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 57734 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003116 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003116 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003116 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG3461-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0003116 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 31194 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 31194 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0003116
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 9 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG3461 (Benos, 2000.12.13, Larschan et al., 2007) EG:152A3.5 (Benos et al., 2001, Benos, 2000.12.13, ) N3   N4 (Alatortsev and Tolchkov, 1985) pn (Sturtevant, 1955, Provost et al., 2006, Christensen et al., 2008.7.11, Cook et al., 2008.9.3, Anaka et al., 2008, Popodi et al., 2010-, Cherry and Perrimon, 2004, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Venken et al., 2010) TcD37 (Teng et al., 1991)
Name Synonym	prune (Shearn, 1997.9.26, Alatortsev, 1992.5.27, Provost et al., 2006, Anaka et al., 2008, Cherry and Perrimon, 2004) se-like-62   transcription unit II (Teng et al., 1991)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 149 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 149 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 103 ) Supplementary material  ( 6 ) Review  ( 8 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 9 ) Abstract  ( 6 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 2 ) Stock list  ( 3 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 3 ) Book  ( 2 ) Website  ( 1 ) Letter  ( 3 ) Spoof  ( 1 )
Recent research papers (0)
	All research papers listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
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