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Gene Dmel\pn

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\pn	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	prune	Annotation symbol	CG3461
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0003116
Created / Updated	2003-12-01/2003-12-01
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	X	Recombination map	1-0.8
Cytogenetic map	2E1-2E1	Sequence location	X:2,075,127..2,076,972 [+]
Map ( GBrowse )	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene prune is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol pn (CG3461, FBgn0003116). It has the cytological map location 2E1. Its sequence location is X:2075127..2076972. Its molecular function is described as: pyrophosphatase activity; manganese ion binding. It is involved in the biological process compound eye pigmentation. 105 alleles are reported. The phenotype of these alleles is annotated with pigment cell. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide.
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	pn: prune Eye color of newly emerged flies transparent brownish red, becoming brownish purple with age. The eyes of pn males have about 25% as much drosopterin (red pigment) as the eyes of wild-type males (Gearhart and MacIntyre, 1970, Anal. Biochem. 37: 21-25); the concentrations of xanthopterin and sepiapterin (brown pigments) are increased to about 110% of wild-type (Nolte, 1959). Control of drosopterin synthesis seems to be related to the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase (Evans and Howell, 1979, Biochem. Genet. 16: 13-26). The pn eye color is autonomous in larval optic disks transplanted into wild-type hosts (Beadle and Ephrussi, 1936). Larval Malpighian tube color is normal (Brehme and Demerec, 1942, Growth 6: 351-56). Standard pn mutants are homo- and hemizygous viable in a wild-type background, but show a lethal interaction with the third chromosome dominant awkK (Lifschytz and Falk, 1969; Orevi, 1973, DIS 50: 77). Some temperature-sensitive pn mutants (pnts-e), however, are insensitive to the killing action of awkK; one temperature-sensitive mutant (pnts-ek) is insensitive to awkK at permissive temperatures (18, 22), but sensitive to awkK at restrictive temperatures (25, 29) (Orevi, 1973, DIS 50: 80; Orevi and Falk, 1975). The TSP for the eye color phenotype occurs during the late pupal stage, while the TSP for the pn component of the pn-awkK interaction begins at the late pupal stage and lasts until eclosion (Orevi and Falk, 1975). Homo- and hemizygous pn deficiencies and other chromosomal rearrangements have been induced by Ilyina et al. (1980), as indicated in the allele table.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 2E1-2E1   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}ActnEP1193&P{EP}CG4322EP1631 and P{EP}EP1460&P{EP}CG2924EP1596
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 2E1-2E2 (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Teng et al., 1991)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	1-0.8 (Neel, 1942)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)	Pgd (Gvozdev et al., 1970)
Notes
Molecular Map Data
Gene Order (in direction of increasing cytology) References In direction of increasing cytology: Cyp4ae1+ pn+ Nmd3- (Teng et al., 1991) In direction of increasing cytology: Pgd+ wapl- Cyp4d1- CG3621+ Cyp4ae1+ pn+ Nmd3- (Gandhi et al., 1992) In direction of increasing cytology: Pgd? l(1)2Dg? wapl? pn? l(1)2Ea? Vinc? pcx? kz? fs(1)K10? In direction of increasing cytology: wapl? Cyp4ae1? pn? In direction of increasing cytology: wapl? Cyp4d1? pn? In direction of increasing cytology: wapl? Cyp4d2? pn? In direction of increasing cytology: wapl? Cyp4d8? pn? (Alatortsev, 1997) In direction of increasing cytology: Pgd+ bcn92- wapl- Cyp4d1- CG3630+ CG3621+ Cyp4d14- Cyp4d2+ Cyp4ae1+ pn+ (Verni et al., 2000) Gene Order (overall orientation not stated) References Overall orientation not stated: Cyp4ae1+ pn+ Nmd3- (Teng et al., 1991)
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\pn for information on other features
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) pn-RA FBtr0070389  NM_057336   1778   405
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	1.8 (northern blot) (Frolov et al., 1994) 1.4 (longest cDNA) (Teng et al., 1991)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kD) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein pn-PA   FBpp0070373   45.2   405   6.32     NP_476684   AAF45743
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kD)	405 (aa); 50 (kD) (Timmons and Shearn, 1996) 404 (aa); 44 (kD predicted) (Frolov et al., 1994) 365 (aa) (Teng et al., 1991)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts	PANTHER - Protein classification by function, families, and pathways • FBgn0003116
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Phosphoesterase, RecJ-like (IPR001667) DHHA2 (IPR004097)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA735914   AA802349   AE003423 AAF45743   AF317313   AF317314 AAK07880   AF317315 AAK07881   AI292533   AI388792   AJ001693 CAA04931   AT01711   AW940591   AY051502 AAK92926   BF493378   BF493379   BF500191   BI605944   BI608153   BI609919   BI610048   BI611536   BI613367   BI617731   BI622328   BI625954   CO283878   S55520   Z12141 CAA78127
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	O18399 Q24465 Q629J6
Maps to	152A3 (FlyBase, 1992-)
Does NOT map to
Identified with	GH15456 (BDGP Project Members, 2000-) GM10090 (Benos et al., 2001) D1048 (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Mapped Features & Mutations
Please see GBrowse or insertion reports for information on insertions of transgenic constructs and features not listed here Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References deletion pn[12C] X:2,076,068..2,076,075 comment=7 bp deletion evidence=experimental (Timmons and Shearn, 1996) insertion site pn[2] X:2,076,495..2,076,495 comment=4bp insertion evidence=experimental (Timmons and Shearn, 1996) point mutation pn[A]-2 X:2,075,891..2,075,891 comment=second of two mutations evidence=experimental pr_change=S164F|pn-PA na_change=C2075891T (Timmons and Shearn, 1996) point mutation pn[18a] X:2,075,956..2,075,956 evidence=experimental pr_change=Q186@|pn-PA na_change=C2075956T (Timmons and Shearn, 1996) point mutation pn[A]-1 X:2,075,861..2,075,861 evidence=experimental comment=first of two mutations pr_change=C154Y|pn-PA na_change=G2075861A (Timmons and Shearn, 1996)
External Data
Linkouts	DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs • 279
Crossreferences
Expression Data
FlyBase-Curated Data
Transcript and Protein data	Please see the FlyBase Gene Expression Report for details of gene expression from the literature.
Summary of Transcript Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Summary of Polypeptide Expression
Stage Tissue/Position Reference  embryonic stage-adult stage   (Timmons and Shearn, 1996)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Microarray Data
	Developmental timecourse, Costello et al., 2008 (Original data from Arbeitman et al., 2002) AI292533
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003116 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • FBgn0003116 GEO (NCBI) - Gene expression data: microarray and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003116
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | recessive pn12 pn1a pn25 pn26 pn2a pn36 pn3a pn40 pn45 Other Phenotypes Allele wild-type pnhs.3 visible pn3 pn51b pn51h pn55 pn59j pn5 pn62 pnAA1 pnFG pnFS1 pnMS2 pntr10 pntr11 pntr12 pntr13 pntr14 pntr15 pntr16 pntr17 pntr18 pntr19 pntr1 pntr20 pntr21 pntr22 pntr23 pntr24 pntr25 pntr26 pntr27 pntr28 pntr29 pntr2 pntr30 pntr31 pntr32 pntr33 pntr34 pntr35 pntr36 pntr37 pntr38 pntr39 pntr3 pntr40 pntr4 pntr5 pntr6 pntr7 pntr8 pntr9 visible | recessive pn1 pn26-20 pn27-22 pn27-9 pn2 pn68b pnlb visible | recessive | conditional - heat sensitive pnts-e1 pnts-e2 pnts-e3 pnts-e4 pnts-e5 pnts-e6 pnts-e7 pnts-e8 pnts-e9 pnts-ek eye color defective pn12C pn18a pn1 pn26-20 pn27-22 pn27-9 pn2 pn38 pn3 pn51b pn51h pn54c pn55 pn59j pn5 pn62 pn68b pn69 pn77C33 pnA pnAA1 pnFG pnFS1 pnMS2 pnlb pnpw2 pntr10 pntr11 pntr12 pntr13 pntr14 pntr15 pntr16 pntr17 pntr18 pntr19 pntr1 pntr20 pntr21 pntr22 pntr23 pntr24 pntr25 pntr26 pntr27 pntr28 pntr29 pntr2 pntr30 pntr31 pntr32 pntr33 pntr34 pntr35 pntr36 pntr37 pntr38 pntr39 pntr3 pntr40 pntr4 pntr5 pntr6 pntr7 pntr8 pntr9 pnunspecified eye color defective | conditional - heat sensitive pnts-e1 pnts-e2 pnts-e3 pnts-e4 pnts-e5 pnts-e6 pnts-e7 pnts-e8 pnts-e9 pnts-ek Phenotype manifest in Allele pigment cell pn1 pn12C pn18a pn2 pn26-20 pn27-22 pn27-9 pn3 pn38 pn5 pn51b pn51h pn54c pn55 pn59j pn62 pn68b pn69 pn77C33 pnA pnAA1 pnFG pnFS1 pnMS2 pnlb pnpw2 pntr1 pntr10 pntr11 pntr12 pntr13 pntr14 pntr15 pntr16 pntr17 pntr18 pntr19 pntr2 pntr20 pntr21 pntr22 pntr23 pntr24 pntr25 pntr26 pntr27 pntr28 pntr29 pntr3 pntr30 pntr31 pntr32 pntr33 pntr34 pntr35 pntr36 pntr37 pntr38 pntr39 pntr4 pntr40 pntr5 pntr6 pntr7 pntr8 pntr9 pnunspecified pigment cell | conditional - heat sensitive pnts-e1 pnts-e2 pnts-e3 pnts-e4 pnts-e5 pnts-e6 pnts-e7 pnts-e8 pnts-e9 pnts-ek
Classical Alleles ( 102 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of pn Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion pn12 X ray 0 -- pn12C ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes pn18a ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes pn1 spontaneous 65 Yes pn1a X ray 0 -- pn20 X ray 0 -- pn25 X ray 0 -- pn26-20 X ray 0 -- pn26 X ray 0 -- pn27-22 sulfur mustard 0 -- pn27-9 sulfur mustard 0 -- pn2 X ray irradiation 1 Yes pn2a X ray 0 -- pn36 X ray 0 -- pn38 Δ2-3 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes pn38r12 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes pn38r13 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- pn38r14 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- pn38r1 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes pn38r3 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- pn38r4 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes pn38r6 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes pn3 spontaneous 1 -- pn3a X ray 0 -- pn40 X ray 0 -- pn41f29 spontaneous 0 -- pn45 X ray 0 -- pn51b <up>32</up>P 0 -- pn51h X ray 0 -- pn54c spontaneous 0 Yes pn55 spontaneous 0 -- pn57e X ray 0 -- pn59j spontaneous 0 -- pn5 X ray 0 -- pn62 X ray 1 -- pn63d X ray 0 -- pn68b 0 -- pn69 N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine 0 -- pn77C33 P-element activity 0 Yes pnA ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes pnAA1 diethyl sulfate 0 -- pnFG spontaneous 0 -- pnFS1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pnGB39 natural population 0 Yes pnMS2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pnU1 spontaneous 0 Yes pnU2 spontaneous 0 Yes pnU3 spontaneous 0 Yes pnX 1 -- pnlb X ray 0 -- pnpw2 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes pntr10 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr11 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr12 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr13 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr14 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr15 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr16 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr17 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr18 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr19 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr20 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr21 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr22 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr23 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr24 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr25 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr26 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr27 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr28 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr29 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr30 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr31 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr32 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr33 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr34 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr35 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr36 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr37 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr38 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr39 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr40 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr7 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr8 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pntr9 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pnts-e1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pnts-e2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pnts-e3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pnts-e4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pnts-e5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pnts-e6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pnts-e7 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pnts-e8 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pnts-e9 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pnts-ek ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pnunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 3 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of pn Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion pnGD1269 in vitro construct | RNAi in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 1 Yes pnhs.3 in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes pnhs.4 in vitro construct | regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Useful deficiency	Df(1)Pgd35
Useful duplication	Dp(1;Y)w+303
Disrupted in	Df(1)172 (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)235 (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)64c18 (Gvozdev et al., 1975, Gvozdev et al., 1977, Craymer and Roy, 1980, Perrimon et al., 1984, Alatortsev and Tolchkov, 1985, Perrimon et al., 1985, Gandhi et al., 1992) Df(1)Exel6289 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(1)JC105 (Perrimon et al., 1984, Perrimon et al., 1985, Gandhi et al., 1992) Df(1)N-264-38 (Slizynska, 1938) Df(1)Pgd-kz (Gvozdev et al., 1973, Gvozdev et al., 1977, Kramers et al., 1983, Perrimon et al., 1984, Alatortsev and Tolchkov, 1985, Perrimon et al., 1985, Kramers et al., 1991) Df(1)Pgd35 (Perrimon et al., 1984) Df(1)TEM304 (Gvozdev et al., 1975, Kramers et al., 1983, Perrimon et al., 1984, Perrimon et al., 1985, Kramers et al., 1991) Df(1)l24 (Perrimon et al., 1984, Perrimon et al., 1985) Df(1)pn10 (