FB2022_03, released June 9, 2022

Gene: Dmel\pnt

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\pnt
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
pointed
Annotation Symbol
CG17077
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0003118
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
50 publicly available
Gene Summary
pointed (pnt) encodes an ETS family transcriptional activator that functions downstream of Ras signaling. It is necessary and sufficient for triggering cellular senescence upon Ras activation, and by doing so suppresses Ras-driven tumor growth. [Date last reviewed: 2021-07-01] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

PntP1, PntP2, D-ets-2, pointedP2, pointed-P1

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
94E10-94E13
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-78
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:23290231..23346167
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (47 terms)
Molecular Function (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
inferred from direct assay
(Vivekanand et al., 2004, Yamada et al., 2003, Yuasa et al., 2003, Baonza et al., 2002, O'Neill et al., 1994)
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:edl; FB:FBgn0023214
(Baker et al., 2001)
enables sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Janssens et al., 2017)
enables transcription cis-regulatory region binding
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Janssens et al., 2017)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000218930
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Biological Process (41 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (39 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cell dedifferentiation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Xie et al., 2016)
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:P29617
(assigned by UniProt )
(Xie et al., 2016)
involved_in compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Shwartz et al., 2013)
involved_in determination of adult lifespan
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:aop; FB:FBgn0000097
(Alic et al., 2014)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:foxo; FB:FBgn0038197
(Alic et al., 2014)
involved_in determination of genital disc primordium
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Chen et al., 2005)
involved_in epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Shwartz et al., 2013, Zhang et al., 2011, Vivekanand et al., 2004)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Raf; FB:FBgn0003079
(Yamada et al., 2003)
involved_in epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hsouna et al., 2010, Cabernard and Affolter, 2005)
involved_in epithelial cell proliferation involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kerber et al., 1998)
involved_in eye-antennal disc morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Brown et al., 2006)
involved_in fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(de Miguel et al., 2020, Cruz et al., 2015, Cabernard and Affolter, 2005, Ohshiro et al., 2002)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:htl; FB:FBgn0010389
(Dragojlovic-Munther and Martinez-Agosto, 2013)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Dworkin and Gibson, 2006)
involved_in leg disc proximal/distal pattern formation
inferred from expression pattern
(Galindo et al., 2005)
involved_in lymph gland crystal cell differentiation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Dragojlovic-Munther and Martinez-Agosto, 2013)
involved_in lymph gland plasmatocyte differentiation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Dragojlovic-Munther and Martinez-Agosto, 2013)
involved_in muscle cell development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Dutta et al., 2005)
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:hid; FB:FBgn0003997
(Kurada and White, 1998)
involved_in negative regulation of cardioblast cell fate specification
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Alvarez et al., 2003)
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity
inferred from direct assay
(O'Neill et al., 1994)
involved_in oenocyte differentiation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wang et al., 2017)
involved_in ommatidial rotation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gaengel and Mlodzik, 2003)
involved_in open tracheal system development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(de Miguel et al., 2020, Cruz et al., 2015)
involved_in pericardial nephrocyte differentiation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Alvarez et al., 2003)
involved_in photoreceptor cell development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(O'Neill et al., 1994)
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:P08646
(assigned by UniProt )
(O'Neill et al., 1994)
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:P11346
(assigned by UniProt )
(O'Neill et al., 1994)
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:Q24324
(assigned by UniProt )
(O'Neill et al., 1994)
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Buchon et al., 2010)
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Li et al., 2016)
inferred from direct assay
(Hope et al., 2018)
involved_in positive regulation of neuron differentiation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Xie et al., 2016)
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wang et al., 2017, Zhang et al., 2011, Morozova et al., 2010, Baonza et al., 2002, Ohshiro et al., 2002)
inferred from direct assay
(Li and Carthew, 2005, Vivekanand et al., 2004, Yamada et al., 2003)
involved_in positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(O'Neill et al., 1994)
involved_in primary branching, open tracheal system
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Myat et al., 2005)
involved_in R3/R4 cell fate commitment
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Weber et al., 2008)
involved_in R7 cell fate commitment
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Brunner et al., 1994)
involved_in regulation of establishment of planar polarity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Fetting et al., 2009)
involved_in regulation of neuroblast proliferation
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:P07207
(assigned by UniProt )
(Li et al., 2016)
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:P07207,UniProtKB:Q9VQ56
(assigned by UniProt )
(Li et al., 2016)
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:Q9VQ56
(assigned by UniProt )
(Li et al., 2017, Li et al., 2016)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Li et al., 2017, Xie et al., 2016)
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:P29617
(assigned by UniProt )
(Xie et al., 2016)
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:Q24266
(assigned by UniProt )
(Xie et al., 2016)
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:Q01071
(assigned by UniProt )
(Li et al., 2017)
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:Q26263
(assigned by UniProt )
(Li et al., 2017)
involved_in regulation of neurogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhu et al., 2011)
involved_in regulation of neuron differentiation
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:P29617
(assigned by UniProt )
(Xie et al., 2016)
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:Q24266
(assigned by UniProt )
(Xie et al., 2016)
involved_in secondary branching, open tracheal system
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ribeiro et al., 2002)
involved_in sevenless signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kauffmann et al., 1996, Brunner et al., 1994)
inferred from direct assay
(O'Neill et al., 1994)
involved_in terminal cell fate specification, open tracheal system
inferred from high throughput mutant phenotype
(Ghabrial et al., 2011)
involved_in trachea development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Mortimer and Moberg, 2009)
involved_in wing disc dorsal/ventral pattern formation
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Bx; FB:FBgn0265598, FLYBASE:ap; FB:FBgn0267978
(Bejarano et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cell differentiation
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000218930
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000218930
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Zhu et al., 2011)
inferred from direct assay
(Brunner et al., 1994)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(O'Neill et al., 1994)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000218930
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the ETS family. (P51023)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
pointed (pnt) encodes an ETS family transcriptional activator that functions downstream of Ras signaling. It is necessary and sufficient for triggering cellular senescence upon Ras activation, and by doing so suppresses Ras-driven tumor growth. [Date last reviewed: 2021-07-01]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
ETS DOMAIN TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
The E26 transformation specific (ETS) domain transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins that regulate transcription. These factors are characterized by a conserved 85 amino acid DNA binding ETS domain that binds specifically to purine-rich DNA motif GGAA/T. (Adapted from PMID:11715049 and PMID:9570133).
Pathway (FlyBase)
Sevenless Signaling Pathway Core Components -
The specification of the R7 photoreceptor cell in each ommatidium of the developing Drosophila eye is dependent on activation of Sevenless receptor tyrosine kinase, which acts via the canonical Ras/Raf/MAP kinase cascade to promote the expression of lz and pros. sev, expressed in presumptive R7 cells, is activated by binding to Bride of Sevenless (boss), a seven-transmembrane protein expressed in R8 cells. (Adapted from FBrf0127283 and FBrf0221727).
EGFR Signaling Pathway Core Components -
The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is used multiple times during development (FBrf0190321). It is activated by the binding of a secreted ligand to the receptor tyrosine kinase Egfr and acts via the canonical Ras/Raf/MAP kinase (ERK) cascade. (Adapted from FBrf0190321 and FBrf0221727).
FGFR Signaling Pathway Core Components -
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway is initiated by the binding of secreted FGFs - bnl or ths/pyr to receptor tyrosine kinases btl or htl, respectively, to initiate signaling primarily via the canonical Ras/Raf/MAP kinase (ERK) cascade. (Adapted from FBrf0221038).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
ETS transcription factor with a prominent role during development of the eye and the nervous system (PubMed:8223245, PubMed:8033205, PubMed:23757412, PubMed:28245922). Required for glial-neuronal cell interactions at the ventral midline which are necessary for the proper elaboration of commissures in the embryonic CNS (PubMed:8223245).
(UniProt, P51023)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
Ets2: Ets-2 proto-oncogene homologue
Encodes a Drosophila homologue to the ets gene from the avian erythroblastosis retrovirus E26. mRNA constitutively present in all developmental stages, with elevated levels of expression in 0-9-hr embryos and pupae.
pnt: pointed
Homozygous lethal. Zygotic expression in embryo. Head skeleton of embryo pointed; median part of all denticle bands deleted. CNS broad and less dense than wild type. Sensory organs (maxillary, antennal, and Keilin's organs) spread.
Summary (Interactive Fly)

transcription factor - ets family - a target of Egf signaling - required for the differentiation of glial cells in the ventral nerve cord - required downstream of Ras in the development of the eye prevents both premature differentiation and dedifferentiation of Drosophila intermediate neural progenitors

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
4
Number of Unique Polypeptides
4

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\pnt for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure New Section
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P51023)

If you don't see the viewer to the right, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
pnt-RB
FBtr0089717
NM_079737
4074
718
pnt-RC
FBtr0089715
NM_170070
2996
623
pnt-RD
FBtr0089716
NM_170651
2805
636
pnt-RE
FBtr0334554
NM_001275943
3715
625
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

4.2, 4.0 (northern blot)

(Klambt, 1993)

4.4 (northern blot)

(Chen et al., 1992)

4.7 (northern blot)

(Pribyl et al., 1988)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
pnt-PB
FBpp0088658
77.7
718
6.60
P51023
NP_524461
AAF56125
pnt-PC
FBpp0088656
66.9
623
6.72
P51022
NP_732858
AAN13943
pnt-PD
FBpp0088657
69.9
636
6.69
H8F4R1
NP_732857
AAN13942
pnt-PE
FBpp0306621
67.0
625
6.72
A0A0B4KH96
NP_001262872
AGB96252
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

718, 623 (aa); 78, 67 (kD predicted)

(Klambt, 1993)
Comments

The P2 pnt protein, which has a single MAP kinase phosphorylation site motif, is phosphorylated by rl MAP kinase in vitro.

(Brunner et al., 1994)

The amino acid sequences of various Ets gene

family members were studied to determine evolutionary relatedness.

Phylogenetic trees were derived.

(Lautenberger et al., 1992)
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\pnt using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that the Fly Cell Atlas project found the gene expressed in that cell type. Darker colors mean that more cells of that cell type express the gene:
 low
high 
Colorless tiles indicate that there is no scRNAseq data for the gene in that cell type.
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data (RNA and/or protein) has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
Colored tiles in the ribbon indicate the average RNA expression level of the gene at the indicated stages:
 low
high 
as determined by RNA-seq (RPKM) using whole organism samples modENCODE, Brown et al., 2014. For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
maxillary segment
(Klambt, 1993)
labial segment
(Klambt, 1993)
mandibular segment
(Klambt, 1993)
lateral ventral neurectoderm
(Klambt, 1993)
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 5
organism | anterior | dorsal

Comment: dorsal anterior tip of embryo

(Chen et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
central brain anlage in statu nascendi
(Fisher et al., 2012)
foregut anlage in statu nascendi
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
antennal anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 5
organism | 100% egg length
(Klambt, 1993)
embryonic stage 6 -- 12
mesoderm
(Klambt, 1993)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
ventral neurectoderm | restricted
(Chen et al., 1992)
anterior endoderm
(Chen et al., 1992)
antennal anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
clypeo-labral anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
foregut anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
ventral ectoderm | restricted | segmentally repeated

Comment: 1-2 cells/hemisegment

(Wessells et al., 1999)
ventral midline of embryo | restricted | segmentally repeated

Comment: 1-2 cells/hemisegment

(Wessells et al., 1999)
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
clypeo-labral primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
foregut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | segmentally repeated
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 11
mesoderm
(Sandmann et al., 2006)
embryonic stage 10 -- 11
mesoderm
(Chen et al., 1992)
parasegmental furrow | anterior to
(Chen et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 11
ventral ectoderm
(Chang et al., 2000)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as head epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as head epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as head epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
clypeo-labral primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal epidermis primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
foregut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
hindgut proper primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | segmentally repeated
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral epidermis primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 17
embryonic/larval tracheal system
(Klambt, 1993)
embryonic stage 12 -- 13
imaginal disc primordium
(Scholz et al., 1993)
midline glial cell
(Scholz et al., 1993)
mesoderm
(Scholz et al., 1993)
organism | restricted | segmentally repeated

Comment: complex pattern

(Chen et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 12 -- 14
VUM neuron
(Klambt, 1993)
interface glial cell
(Klambt, 1993)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic dorsal epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic esophagus
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic head epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic hindgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic proventriculus
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval circulatory system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval muscle system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
labral segment
(Fisher et al., 2012)
longitudinal visceral muscle fiber
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval stage
eye disc morphogenetic furrow
(Brunner et al., 1994)
eye disc posterior to the morphogenetic furrow
(Brunner et al., 1994)
third instar larval stage
ommatidium | restricted
(Rawlins et al., 2003)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage -- adult stage
organism
(Chen et al., 1992)
RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
type II neuroblast
(Komori et al., 2014)
embryonic/larval brain
(Komori et al., 2014)
Additional Descriptive Data

pnt mRNA is highly enriched in the lysate extracted from larval brains enriched with type II neuroblasts.

(Komori et al., 2014)

Transcript is expressed in the intermediate groups and R8 photoreceptor equivalence groups of the developing retina.

(Rawlins et al., 2003)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 10 -- 13
Bolwig organ primordium
(Sprecher et al., 2007)
larval stage
ommatidium | precursor
(Brunner et al., 1994)
eye disc morphogenetic furrow | subset
(Brunner et al., 1994)
larval neuroblast | subset
(Zhang et al., 2016)
third instar larval stage
neuroblast of embryonic/larval optic lobe
(Weng et al., 2012)
optic lobe neuroepithelial cell | subset
(Yasugi et al., 2010)
lamina anlage glial cell
(Yasugi et al., 2010)
type II neuroblast
(Zhu et al., 2011)
pupal stage P6 -- P7
bract of tibia
(Mou et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data

During induction of bract cells in pupae, pnt is initially upregulated in all cells adjacent to bristle lineage cells at 30h APF, but it is highest in the bract cell and is lost from other cells by 36h APF.

(Mou et al., 2012)

pnt expression is observed in Type II neuroblast lineages in third instar larvae.

(Zhu et al., 2011)

pnt expression is observed in three or four rows of medial neurepithelial cells in the optic lobe, some of which also express l(1)sc through the third instar larval stage, indicating that the Egfr signal is activated in neuroepithelial cells at and

(Yasugi et al., 2010)

near the proneural wave. pnt is also observed in lamina glial cells in late third instar. The pattern is complementary to aop.

(Yasugi et al., 2010)

pnt expression is observed in the Bolwig organ primordium from embryonic stage 10/11 to stage 12/13 and is gone by stage 15.

(Sprecher et al., 2007)

With an antibody that detects both pnt protein isoforms, pnt protein is detected in the nuclei of ommatidial precursor cells. In a background that is mutant for the 718 amino acid P2 isoform, most all nuclear staining is eliminated, except for clusters of nuclei in the morphogenetic furrow, and scattered nuclei in the posterior part of the eye. This staining presumably corresponds to the P1 isoform, and is in good agreement with the distribution of the P1 transcript.

(Brunner et al., 1994)

With an antibody that detects both pnt protein isoforms, pnt protein is detected in the nuclei of ommatidial precursor cells. In a background that is mutant for the 718 amino acid P2 isoform, most all nuclear staining is eliminated, except for clusters of nuclei in the morphogenetic furrow, and scattered nuclei in the posterior part of the eye. This staining presumably corresponds to the P1 isoform, and is in good agreement with the distribution of the P1 transcript. In photoreceptor precursors, the appearance of pnt P2 protein precedes the appearance of elav protein, and after about 4-6 hours of co-expression, pnt P2 protein is no longer detected.

(Brunner et al., 1994)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Zhu et al., 2011)
inferred from direct assay
(Brunner et al., 1994)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(O'Neill et al., 1994)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{A92}pntrM254
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
medial intersegmental nerve root glial cell
(Klaes et al., 1994)
A-subperineurial glial cell
(Klaes et al., 1994)
B-subperineurial glial cell of abdomen
(Klaes et al., 1994)
interface glial cell
(Klaes et al., 1994)
glial cell of VUM neuron
(Klaes et al., 1994)
Reporter: P{GAL4}pnt14-94
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 13 -- 17
type II neuroblast
(Walsh and Doe, 2017)
secondary neuroblast
(Walsh and Doe, 2017)
embryonic stage 15 -- 17
ganglion mother cell
(Walsh and Doe, 2017)
larval stage
type II neuroblast
(Eroglu et al., 2014, Berger et al., 2012)
early third instar larval stage -- late third instar larval stage
type II neuroblast
(Zhu et al., 2012)
secondary neuroblast
(Zhu et al., 2012)
wandering third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval fan-shaped body - primordial
(Riebli et al., 2013)
type II neuroblast
(Riebli et al., 2013)
third instar larval stage
type II neuroblast
(Zhu et al., 2011)
Reporter: P{lacW}pnt1277
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
midline glial cell
(Klaes et al., 1994)
embryonic stage 11
embryonic/larval oenocyte precursor
(Elstob et al., 2001)
C1 chordotonal organ precursor cell
(Elstob et al., 2001)
second instar larval stage
wing disc | restricted
(Paul et al., 2013)
third instar larval stage
eye disc | posterior
(Wu et al., 2020)
photoreceptor R2 precursor cell
(Wu et al., 2020)
photoreceptor R5 precursor cell
(Wu et al., 2020)
photoreceptor R3 precursor cell
(Wu et al., 2020)
photoreceptor R4 precursor cell
(Wu et al., 2020)
photoreceptor R1 precursor cell
(Wu et al., 2020)
photoreceptor R6 precursor cell
(Wu et al., 2020)
photoreceptor R7 precursor cell
(Wu et al., 2020)
pupal stage P6
epithelial cell | subset of leg

Comment: 20-24h APF

(Peng et al., 2012)
pupal stage P6 -- P7
bract primordium | subset of leg | intense

Comment: 28-40h APF

(Peng et al., 2012)
epithelial cell | subset of leg | faint

Comment: 28-40h APF

(Peng et al., 2012)
adult stage
adult Malpighian tubule principal cell | subset
(Wang et al., 2004)
adult Malpighian tubule Type II cell | subset
(Wang et al., 2004)
third instar larval stage
ventral thoracic disc | restricted
(Galindo et al., 2005)
adepithelial cell of leg disc
(Galindo et al., 2005)
prepupal stage P3
leg | restricted
(Galindo et al., 2005)
adepithelial cell of leg disc
(Galindo et al., 2005)
myoblast
(Galindo et al., 2005)
Reporter: P{lacW}pntS060807a
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
(Salzberg et al., 1997)
Reporter: P{lacW}pntS099812
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
embryonic/larval heart
(Salzberg et al., 1997)
embryonic/larval midgut | restricted
(Salzberg et al., 1997)
Reporter: P{pnt.H-Stinger}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 9 -- 11
mesoderm
(Sandmann et al., 2006)
Reporter: P{PZ}pnt07825
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 10 -- 17
Malpighian tubule | restricted
(Kerber et al., 1998)
embryonic stage 12 -- 17
embryonic/larval tracheal system | restricted
(Samakovlis et al., 1996)
wandering third instar larval stage
imaginal disc
(Meister and Braun, 1995.10)
Malpighian tubule | restricted
(Meister and Braun, 1995.10)
adult stage
lamina
(Vosshall, 1998.8.10)
Reporter: P{ST.lexA::HG}pntSE118
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
wandering third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval central nervous system
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
cell body rind of adult optic lobe
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
midline glial cell
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
ring gland
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
prothoracic gland
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
embryonic/larval proventriculus
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
embryonic/larval fat body
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
eye disc
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
photoreceptor neuron
(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2019)
Reporter: PBac{GFP-pnt.P3}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
eye disc morphogenetic furrow
(Wu et al., 2020)
eye disc posterior to the morphogenetic furrow
(Wu et al., 2020)
photoreceptor R2 precursor cell
(Wu et al., 2020)
photoreceptor R5 precursor cell
(Wu et al., 2020)
photoreceptor R3 precursor cell
(Wu et al., 2020)
photoreceptor R4 precursor cell
(Wu et al., 2020)
photoreceptor R8 precursor cell
(Wu et al., 2020)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\pnt in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 105 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 30 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of pnt
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of pnt
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 12 )
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal
lethal, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
lethal | male limited, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
lethal | male limited | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of larval stage
lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | recessive
lethal - all die during embryonic stage
lethal - all die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4nos.PG
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive
partially lethal | female limited, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
partially lethal | female limited | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
viable
viable, with Scer\GAL4nos.PG
Sterility
Allele
female semi-sterile, with Scer\GAL455B
female semi-sterile, with Scer\GAL4c324a
female sterile, with Scer\GAL455B
female sterile, with Scer\GAL4c324a
fertile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal cell number | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4, Scer\GAL4tin.cBa
abnormal cell number | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4pnt-14-94
abnormal cell polarity (with pnt1277)
abnormal cell polarity (with pntΔ88)
abnormal eye color | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4lz.PU
abnormal immune response | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4NP5130
abnormal mitotic cell cycle | somatic clone
abnormal neuroanatomy
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4pnt-14-94
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage (with pntP1-82)
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage (with pntP1-90)
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage (with pntΔ88)
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage | somatic clone
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4pnt-14-94
abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
abnormal planar polarity (with pnt1230)
abnormal planar polarity (with pnt1277)
abnormal planar polarity (with pntKG04968)
abnormal planar polarity (with pntΔ88)
abnormal size, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
abnormal size | somatic clone | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4btl.B123
decreased cell number | adult stage
decreased cell number | embryonic stage 15
decreased cell number | embryonic stage 15 (with pnt05484Δ33)
decreased cell number | embryonic stage 15 (with pntMI03880)
decreased cell number | embryonic stage 15 | recessive
decreased cell number | embryonic stage | somatic clone
decreased cell number | larval stage
decreased cell number | larval stage (with pntP1-82)
decreased cell number | larval stage (with pntP1-90)
decreased cell number | larval stage (with pntΔ88)
decreased cell number | larval stage | somatic clone - tissue specific
decreased cell number | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4pnt-14-94
decreased occurrence of cell division | adult stage | conditional, with Scer\GAL4NP5130
decreased occurrence of cell division | larval stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
decreased size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4lz.PU
decreased size | larval stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
increased cell number | embryonic stage
increased cell number | embryonic stage 15, with Scer\GAL4prd.PU
increased cell number | embryonic stage 15, with Scer\GAL4salm-459.2
increased cell number | embryonic stage (with Df(3R)Exel9012)
increased cell number | embryonic stage | somatic clone
increased cell number | larval stage
increased cell number | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4He.PZ
increased cell number | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Hml.PG
increased cell number | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
increased cell number | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4lz.PU
increased cell number | larval stage (with pntP1-82)
increased cell number | larval stage (with pntP1-90)
increased cell number | larval stage (with pntΔ88)
increased cell number | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4pnt-14-94
increased cell size | larval stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
increased occurrence of cell division | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Dl.PU
increased occurrence of cell division | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4NP5130
short lived, with Scer\GAL4Switch1.106
short lived, with Scer\GAL4TIGS-2
short lived | RU486 conditional, with Scer\GAL4da.Switch.PT
some die during embryonic stage
some die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4nos.PG
some die during embryonic stage | recessive
some die during larval stage | recessive
some die during pupal stage | recessive
visible, with Scer\GAL471B
visible, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
visible, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
visible (with pnt1277)
visible (with pntΔ88)
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4lz.PU
visible | dominant
visible | homeotic, with Scer\GAL4ey.PB
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
abdominal 1 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5
abdominal 1 ventral monoscolopidial chordotonal organ vch1
abdominal 2 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5
abdominal 2 ventral monoscolopidial chordotonal organ vch1
abdominal 3 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5
abdominal 3 ventral monoscolopidial chordotonal organ vch1
abdominal 4 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5
abdominal 4 ventral monoscolopidial chordotonal organ vch1
abdominal 5 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5
abdominal 5 ventral monoscolopidial chordotonal organ vch1
abdominal 6 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5
abdominal 6 ventral monoscolopidial chordotonal organ vch1
abdominal 7 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5
abdominal 7 ventral monoscolopidial chordotonal organ vch1
abdominal neuromere
adult midgut, with Scer\GAL4Dl.PU
adult midgut, with Scer\GAL4NP5130
adult midgut | somatic clone
air sac primordium | somatic clone | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4btl.B123
antenna | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4ey.PB
Bolwig nerve
bract | somatic clone
cardioblast, with Scer\GAL4twi.PG
cardioblast | ectopic
cardioblast | ectopic | somatic clone
central nervous system
central nervous system, with Scer\GAL4rho.PL
central nervous system, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
cephalopharyngeal skeleton
cephalopharyngeal skeleton, with Scer\GAL4nos.PG
cone cell | decreased number | larval stage
cone cell | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
cytoneme | somatic clone | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4btl.B123
denticle belt
dorsal acute muscle cell | precursor, with Scer\GAL4twi.PB
dorsal air sac primordium | somatic clone
dorsal appendage, with Scer\GAL455B
dorsal appendage, with Scer\GAL4c324a
dorsal appendage, with Scer\GAL4c532
dorsal appendage | maternal effect | somatic clone
dorsal neurohemal organ
dorsal oblique muscle cell | ectopic | precursor, with Scer\GAL4twi.PB
dorsal tracheal branch primordium
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | ventral
embryonic/larval brain | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4pnt-14-94
embryonic/larval brain | larval stage | ventral, with Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
embryonic/larval dorsal branch & terminal tracheal cell | somatic clone
embryonic/larval ganglionic tracheal branch | embryonic stage 15
embryonic/larval glial cell
embryonic/larval oenocyte | ectopic | embryonic stage 15, with Scer\GAL4prd.PU
embryonic/larval oenocyte | embryonic stage 15
embryonic/larval oenocyte | embryonic stage 15, with Scer\GAL4prd.PU
embryonic/larval oenocyte | embryonic stage 15, with Scer\GAL4salm-459.2
embryonic/larval oenocyte | embryonic stage 15 (with pnt05484Δ33)
embryonic/larval oenocyte | embryonic stage 15 (with pntMI03880)
embryonic/larval pericardial cell
embryonic/larval tracheal dorsal trunk
embryonic/larval tracheal section, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
embryonic/larval tracheal section | embryonic stage
embryonic/larval tracheal system
embryonic anterior Malpighian tubule
embryonic cardioblast, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4, Scer\GAL4tin.cBa
embryonic cardioblast (with Df(3R)Exel9012)
embryonic cardioblast | increased number
embryonic Malpighian tubule
embryonic midgut chamber 3
embryonic midgut constriction 1
embryonic ostial cardioblast, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4, Scer\GAL4tin.cBa
embryonic ostial cardioblast | increased number
embryonic ostial cardioblast | increased number (with Df(3R)Exel9012)
embryonic pericardial cell
embryonic pericardial cell, with Scer\GAL4twi.PG
embryonic posterior Malpighian tubule
embryonic primordium of adult salivary gland
embryonic ventral epidermis
exit glial cell
eye
eye, with Scer\GAL4ey.PB
eye, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
eye, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
eye, with Scer\GAL4lz.PU
eye (with pnt1277)
eye (with pntΔ88)
eye | somatic clone
eye-antennal disc, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
eye disc | somatic clone
eye disc | somatic clone - tissue specific
eye disc morphogenetic furrow | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
eye photoreceptor cell
eye photoreceptor cell, with Scer\GAL4sca-T3
eye photoreceptor cell (with pnt1277)
eye photoreceptor cell (with pntΔ88)
eye photoreceptor cell | adult stage | decreased number
eye photoreceptor cell | decreased number | larval stage
eye photoreceptor cell | decreased number | larval stage | somatic clone - tissue specific
eye photoreceptor cell | ectopic | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4lz.PU
ganglionic tracheal branch primordium
gastric caecum
genital disc primordium
germarium, with Scer\GAL4unspecified
glial cell
glial cell, with Scer\GAL4repo
heart primordium
heart primordium, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4, Scer\GAL4tin.cBa
heart primordium (with Df(3R)Exel9012)
hemocyte, with Scer\GAL4He.PZ
hemocyte, with Scer\GAL4Hml.PG
interface glial cell
interface glial cell | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
intestinal stem cell | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Dl.PU
intestinal stem cell | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4NP5130
larval abdominal 1 anterior commissure
larval abdominal 1 posterior commissure
larval abdominal 2 anterior commissure
larval abdominal 2 posterior commissure
larval abdominal 3 anterior commissure
larval abdominal 3 posterior commissure
larval abdominal 4 anterior commissure
larval abdominal 4 posterior commissure
larval abdominal 5 anterior commissure
larval abdominal 5 posterior commissure
larval abdominal 6 anterior commissure
larval abdominal 6 posterior commissure
larval abdominal 7 anterior commissure
larval abdominal 7 posterior commissure
larval abdominal 8 anterior commissure
larval abdominal 8 posterior commissure
larval abdominal lch5 neuron | embryonic stage
larval anterior commissure
larval intersegmental nerve sensory neuron
larval longitudinal connective
larval segmental nerve sensory neuron
larval ventral nerve cord
larval ventral nerve cord, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
larval ventral nerve cord | larval stage, with Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
macrochaeta
macrochaeta | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
Malpighian tubule
melanotic mass, with Scer\GAL4He.PZ
melanotic mass, with Scer\GAL4Hml.PG
mesoderm
mesoderm, with Scer\GAL4twi.PG
midgut, with Scer\GAL4NP5130, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
midline glial cell
midline glial cell, with Scer\GAL4sim.PS
mitotic cell cycle | somatic clone
motor neuron
muscle cell of A1-7 dorsal acute muscle 1
muscle cell of ventral acute muscle 2 | precursor
muscle founder cell | increased number, with Scer\GAL41151
ommatidial precursor cluster | somatic clone
ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4sca-T3
ommatidium (with pnt1230)
ommatidium (with pnt1277)
ommatidium (with pntKG04968)
ommatidium (with pntT6)
ommatidium (with pntΔ88)
ommatidium | somatic clone
outer photoreceptor cell | decreased number | larval stage | somatic clone - tissue specific
pericardial cell | ectopic | precursor, with Scer\GAL4twi.PB
photoreceptor
photoreceptor (with pnt1277)
photoreceptor (with pntΔ88)
photoreceptor cell R1 | somatic clone
photoreceptor cell R2 | somatic clone
photoreceptor cell R3 | somatic clone
photoreceptor cell R4 | somatic clone
photoreceptor cell R5 | somatic clone
photoreceptor cell R6 | somatic clone
photoreceptor cell R7
photoreceptor cell R7, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
photoreceptor cell R7 (with pnt1277)
photoreceptor cell R7 (with pntT6)
photoreceptor cell R7 (with pntΔ88)
photoreceptor cell R7 | adult stage | decreased number
photoreceptor cell R7 | decreased number | larval stage
photoreceptor cell R7 | decreased number | larval stage | somatic clone - tissue specific
photoreceptor cell R7 | somatic clone
photoreceptor cell R8, with Scer\GAL4sca-T3
pigment cell, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system
presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system
presumptive embryonic/larval tracheal system
presumptive embryonic/larval tracheal system (with pnt737)
presumptive embryonic/larval tracheal system (with pntΔ88)
rhabdomere R8, with Scer\GAL4sca-T3
secondary neuroblast | decreased number | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4pnt-14-94
secondary neuroblast | ectopic | larval stage, with Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
secondary neuroblast | ectopic | larval stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
secondary neuroblast | increased number | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
secondary neuroblast | larval stage
secondary neuroblast | larval stage (with pntP1-82)
secondary neuroblast | larval stage (with pntP1-90)
secondary neuroblast | larval stage (with pntΔ88)
secondary neuroblast | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4pnt-14-94
sensory neuron
spectrosome | increased number, with Scer\GAL4unspecified
stomatogastric nervous system
submarginal cell, with Scer\GAL471B
symmetrical commissure
symmetrical commissure, with Scer\GAL4rho.PL
symmetrical commissure, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
terminal tracheal cell
tracheal fusion cell | increased number
tracheal lateral trunk anterior branch primordium
tracheal lateral trunk anterior branch primordium | embryonic stage 15
tracheal lateral trunk posterior branch primordium | embryonic stage 15
tracheal metamere | embryonic stage
tracheal section
type II neuroblast | increased number | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4pnt-14-94
type II neuroblast | larval stage
type II neuroblast | larval stage (with pntP1-82)
type II neuroblast | larval stage (with pntP1-90)
type II neuroblast | larval stage (with pntΔ88)
type II neuroblast | larval stage | somatic clone
type II neuroblast | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4pnt-14-94
type I neuroblast, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
visceral mesoderm
wing
wing, with Scer\GAL471B
wing, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
wing | female limited, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing | female limited | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing disc
wing disc, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
wing vein L4, with Scer\GAL471B
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (15)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\ETS1
9 of 15
Yes
Yes
2  
Hsap\ETS2
8 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\ETV2
2 of 15
No
No
Hsap\ELK3
1 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\ELK4
1 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\ERF
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\ERG
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\ETV1
1 of 15
No
No
1  
Hsap\ETV3
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\ETV3L
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\ETV4
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\ETV5
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\FEV
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\FLI1
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\GABPA
1 of 15
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (15)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Ets1
9 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Ets2
8 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Etv2
2 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Elk1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Elk3
1 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Elk4
1 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Erf
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Erg
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Etv1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Etv3
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Etv4
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Etv5
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Fev
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Fli1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Gabpa
1 of 15
No
No
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (13)
Rnor\Ets1
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Ets2
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Etv2
2 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Elk1
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Elk3
1 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Elk4
1 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Erf
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Etv1
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Etv3l
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Etv3
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Etv4
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Etv5
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Fli1
1 of 13
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (11)
Xtro\ets1
8 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\ets2
5 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\etv2
3 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\elk1
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\elk3
1 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\elk4
1 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\erf
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\erg
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\etv1
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\etv3
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\gabpa
1 of 12
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (18)
Drer\ets2
8 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\etv2
3 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\ets1
2 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\elk1
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\elk3
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\elk4
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\erf
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\erfl3
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\erg
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\etv1
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\etv4
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\etv5a
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\etv5b
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\fev
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\fli1a
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\fli1b
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\gabpa
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\LOC100537796
1 of 15
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (9)
Cele\ast-1
1 of 15
Yes
No
Cele\elf-1
1 of 15
Yes
No
Cele\elk-2
1 of 15
Yes
Yes
Cele\ets-5
1 of 15
Yes
No
Cele\ets-7
1 of 15
Yes
No
Cele\ets-9
1 of 15
Yes
No
Cele\F19F10.1
1 of 15
Yes
No
Cele\lin-1
1 of 15
Yes
No
Cele\svh-5
1 of 15
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
No records found.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
No records found.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
No records found.
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (8)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
Ets21C
4 of 10
Ets96B
3 of 10
Ets97D
3 of 10
aop
2 of 10
Eip74EF
2 of 10
Ets65A
2 of 10
Ets98B
2 of 10
edl
1 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Model Summary Ribbon
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    ETS1; ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor
    9 of 15
    164720
         
        ETS2; ETS proto-oncogene 2, transcription factor
        8 of 15
        164740
            Functional Complementation Data
            Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
            Interactions
            Summary of Physical Interactions
            esyN Network Diagram
            Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
            Select Layout:
            Legend:
            Protein
            RNA
            Selected Interactor(s)
            Interactions Browser
            View in Interactions Browser
            Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
            RNA-RNA
            Physical Interaction
            Assay
            References
            pnt - mir-79
            fluorescence technology
            (Ito and Igaki, 2021)
            pnt - mir-9c
            fluorescence technology
            (Ito and Igaki, 2021)
            protein-protein
            Physical Interaction
            Assay
            References
            pnt - Abd-B
            bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy
            (Baëza et al., 2015)
            pnt - Antp
            bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy
            (Baëza et al., 2015)
            pnt - Kah
            two hybrid
            (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
            pnt - Ptx1
            two hybrid array
            (Shokri et al., 2019)
            pnt - Scr
            bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy
            (Baëza et al., 2015)
            pnt - Six4
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
            (Chen et al., 2021)
            pnt - Ubx
            bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy
            (Baëza et al., 2015)
            pnt - abd-A
            bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy
            (Bischof et al., 2018, Baëza et al., 2015)
            pnt - ato
            pull down, western blot
            (zur Lage et al., 2004)
            pnt - croc
            two hybrid array
            (Shokri et al., 2019)
            pnt - edl
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, pull down, autoradiography, surface plasmon resonance
            (Qiao et al., 2006, Tootle et al., 2003, Yamada et al., 2003, Baker et al., 2001)
            pnt - erm
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
            (Chen et al., 2021)
            pnt - exd
            bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy
            (Bischof et al., 2018)
            pnt - lms
            two hybrid
            (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
            pnt - lwr
            two hybrid
            (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
            pnt - lz
            two hybrid
            (Jackson Behan et al., 2005)
            pnt - pnr
            two hybrid array
            (Shokri et al., 2019)
            pnt - rl
            enzymatic study, autoradiography
            (Qiao et al., 2006)
            Summary of Genetic Interactions
            esyN Network Diagram
            esyN Network Key:
            Suppression
            Enhancement
            View in Interactions Browser
            Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            pnt
            suppressible
            aop
            (Weber et al., 2008)
            foxo|pnt
            suppressible
            aop
            (Alic et al., 2014)
            pnt
            suppressible
            ase
            (Zhu et al., 2011)
            pnt
            enhanceable
            Bap170
            (Rendina et al., 2010)
            pnt
            suppressible
            Bap170
            (Rendina et al., 2010)
            pnt
            suppressible
            btd
            (Xie et al., 2016)
            pnt
            enhanceable
            btd
            (Xie et al., 2016)
            pnt
            suppressible
            ed
            (Bai et al., 2001)
            pnt
            enhanceable
            ed
            (Fetting et al., 2009)
            pnt
            suppressible
            Egfr
            (Wang et al., 2017)
            pnt
            suppressible
            erm
            (Xie et al., 2016)
            pnt
            enhanceable
            foi
            (Hummel et al., 1999)
            pnt
            enhanceable
            foxo
            (Alic et al., 2014)
            pnt
            suppressible
            fred
            (Fetting et al., 2009)
            pnt
            suppressible
            Jra
            (Weber et al., 2008)
            pnt
            suppressible
            pros
            (Xie et al., 2016)
            pnt
            enhanceable
            pros
            (Kauffmann et al., 1996)
            pnt
            enhanceable
            Ras85D
            (Yang and Baker, 2003)
            pnt
            enhanceable
            schmalspur
            (Hummel et al., 1999)
            pnt
            suppressible
            Six4
            (Chen et al., 2021)
            pnt
            suppressible
            stg
            (Baonza et al., 2002)
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            aop
            enhanceable
            pnt
            (Wu et al., 2020, Rebay et al., 2000)
            aop
            suppressible
            pnt
            (Rohrbaugh et al., 2002)
            aos
            suppressible
            pnt
            (Gaengel and Mlodzik, 2003)
            B-H1
            suppressible
            pnt
            (Hayashi et al., 1998)
            Bx
            suppressible
            pnt
            (Bejarano et al., 2008)
            Bx|ap
            suppressible
            pnt
            (Bejarano et al., 2008)
            cic
            suppressible
            pnt
            (Jin et al., 2015)
            csw
            enhanceable
            pnt
            (Firth et al., 2000)
            csw
            suppressible
            pnt
            (Oishi et al., 2006)
            CycE
            suppressible
            pnt
            (Brumby et al., 2004)
            Dp|E2f1
            enhanceable
            pnt
            (Staehling-Hampton et al., 1999)
            Dsor1
            enhanceable
            pnt
            (O'Neill et al., 1994)
            edl
            suppressible
            pnt
            (Schwarz et al., 2018, Vivekanand et al., 2004)
            edl
            enhanceable
            pnt
            (Yamada et al., 2003)
            faf
            suppressible
            pnt
            (Isaksson et al., 1997)
            foi
            enhanceable
            pnt
            (Hummel et al., 1999)
            fred
            suppressible
            pnt
            (Chandra et al., 2003)
            Gug
            enhanceable
            pnt
            (Charroux et al., 2006)
            hid
            enhanceable
            pnt
            (Kurada and White, 1998)
            Jra
            enhanceable
            pnt
            (Weber et al., 2008)
            Jra
            suppressible
            pnt
            (Weber et al., 2000, Treier et al., 1995)
            ksr::tor
            enhanceable
            pnt
            (Therrien et al., 2000)
            l(2)gl
            suppressible
            pnt
            (Woodhouse et al., 2003)
            N
            enhanceable
            pnt
            (Verheyen et al., 1996)
            Pi3K92E|btl::Egfr
            suppressible
            pnt
            (Read et al., 2009)
            Pp2B-14D|CanB
            enhanceable
            pnt
            (Sullivan and Rubin, 2002)
            Raf
            enhanceable
            pnt
            (Therrien et al., 2000, O'Neill et al., 1994)
            Ras85D
            suppressible
            pnt
            (Ito and Igaki, 2021, Therrien et al., 2000, O'Neill et al., 1994)
            Ras85D
            enhanceable
            pnt
            (Ito and Igaki, 2021, Rebay et al., 2000)
            Ras85D|dlg1
            suppressible
            pnt
            (Ito and Igaki, 2021)
            Ras85D|l(2)gl
            suppressible
            pnt
            (Ito and Igaki, 2021)
            Ras85D|sev
            suppressible
            pnt
            (Maixner et al., 1998)
            rau
            enhanceable
            pnt
            (Sieglitz et al., 2013)
            schmalspur
            enhanceable
            pnt
            (Hummel et al., 1999)
            seq
            suppressible
            pnt
            (Araújo and Casanova, 2011)
            SH3PX1
            suppressible
            pnt
            (Zhang et al., 2019)
            spen
            enhanceable
            pnt
            (Chen and Rebay, 2000)
            External Data
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            Pathways
            Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
            Sevenless Signaling Pathway Core Components -
            The specification of the R7 photoreceptor cell in each ommatidium of the developing Drosophila eye is dependent on activation of Sevenless receptor tyrosine kinase, which acts via the canonical Ras/Raf/MAP kinase cascade to promote the expression of lz and pros. sev, expressed in presumptive R7 cells, is activated by binding to Bride of Sevenless (boss), a seven-transmembrane protein expressed in R8 cells. (Adapted from FBrf0127283 and FBrf0221727).
            EGFR Signaling Pathway Core Components -
            The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is used multiple times during development (FBrf0190321). It is activated by the binding of a secreted ligand to the receptor tyrosine kinase Egfr and acts via the canonical Ras/Raf/MAP kinase (ERK) cascade. (Adapted from FBrf0190321 and FBrf0221727).
            FGFR Signaling Pathway Core Components -
            Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway is initiated by the binding of secreted FGFs - bnl or ths/pyr to receptor tyrosine kinases btl or htl, respectively, to initiate signaling primarily via the canonical Ras/Raf/MAP kinase (ERK) cascade. (Adapted from FBrf0221038).
            Metabolic Pathways
            FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
            External Data
            Linkouts
            KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
            Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
            Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
            Chromosome (arm)
            3R
            Recombination map
            3-78
            Cytogenetic map
            94E10-94E13
            Sequence location
            FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Evidence for location
            94E10-94E13
            Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}cnc03921 and P{PZ}l(3)0690606906
            Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Notes
            References
            94F1-94F2
            (determined by in situ hybridisation)
            (Spradling et al., 1999)
            94F-94F
            (determined by in situ hybridisation)
            (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-, Forjanic et al., 1997, Chen et al., 1992)
            94F1-94F3
            (determined by in situ hybridisation)
            (Salzberg et al., 1997)
            94F1-94F3
            (determined by in situ hybridisation) 94F (determined by in situ hybridisation)
            (Deak et al., 1997)
            64A4-64A5
            68C12--13 94F1--3
            (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
            94E-94F
            (determined by in situ hybridisation)
            (Klambt, 1991)
            58A-58B
            (determined by in situ hybridisation)
            (Pribyl et al., 1988)
            Cytological location differs from that reported in FBrf0047835. It is based upon hybridisation with two independent cDNA clones.
            (Chen et al., 1992)
            Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
            Location

            3-78

            (FlyBase, 2016)

            3-80.3

            (Comeron et al., 2012)

            3-79

            (Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

            3-79.0

            Left of (cM)
            Right of (cM)
            (Staehling-Hampton et al., 1999)
            Notes
            Stocks and Reagents
            Stocks (50)
            Genomic Clones (29)
            cDNA Clones (82)
             

            Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

            cDNA clones, fully sequenced
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

            For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

            cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            RNAi and Array Information
            Linkouts
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
            Antibody Information
            Laboratory Generated Antibodies
             

            polyclonal

            (Avet-Rochex et al., 2012, Hsouna et al., 2010, Brunner et al., 1994)
            Commercially Available Antibodies
             
            Other Information
            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database identify of
            Source for database merge of
            Additional comments
            Other Comments

            The pnt-P1 isoform prevents both the premature differentiation and the de-differentiation of intermediate neural progenitors in the type II neuroblast lineage.

            (Xie et al., 2016)

            pnt is required cell-autonomously along the dorsal midline to repress dorsal appendage fate.

            (Lachance et al., 2009)

            The pnt SAM domain is the docking surface for rl and this docking surface is essential for pnt-mediated enhancement of transactivation in response to Ras85D signaling.

            (Qiao et al., 2006)

            S2 cells treated with dsRNA generated against this gene show reduced phagocytosis of Candida albicans compared to untreated cells.

            (Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006)

            pnt activates ZAM expression in follicle cells.

            (Meignin et al., 2004)

            pnr and pntP2 act sequentially to regulate heart development.

            (Alvarez et al., 2003)

            The pnt protein isoform is an activator of stg mRNA transcription in the eye disc.

            (Baonza et al., 2002)

            Seven EMS induced alleles were identified in a screen for mutations affecting commissure formation in the CNS of the embryo.

            (Hummel et al., 1999)

            Candidate gene for quantitative trait (QTL) locus determining bristle number.

            (Nuzhdin et al., 1999)

            pnt is required for morphogenesis of the posterior midgut and is a target of abd-A.

            (Bilder et al., 1998)

            Identification: Enhancer trap expression pattern survey for loci expressed in the ring gland.

            (Harvie et al., 1998)

            ttk is required for proper glial cell development in the CNS. Phenotypes of doubly mutant ttk and pnt embryos and ectopic expression of ttk and pnt indicates the existance of two independent genetic pathways regulating glial cell development, which in the lateral glia are both downstream of gcm. One, mediated via pnt, results in the activation of glia cell differentiation, whereas the other, mediated by ttk, results in the suppression of neuronal differentiation in these cells.

            (Giesen et al., 1997)

            In the midline glial cells pntP2 has to be activated by phosphorylation, possibly through rl, to induce transcription of its target genes. aop antagonises pntP2 function in the midline glial cells. Jra and pntP2 do not cooperate during midline glia development.

            (Scholz et al., 1997, Scholz et al., 1997)

            In vivo culture of mutant discs from genotypes that are normally embryonic lethal demonstrates pnt is required for wing disc growth.

            (Simcox, 1997)

            The primary target genes of Egfr are pnt, vnd and Fas3, these are induced in different ectodermal domains. Secondary target genes oc, argos and trn are activated by pnt in response to Egfr signalling. The proper induction of these genes requires the concomitant inactivation of aop, mediated by Egfr signalling.

            (Gabay et al., 1996)

            Inactivated mutations of Ras85D enhance the P{sevhs-cswCS} phenotype.

            (Herbst et al., 1996)

            pros gene becomes transcriptionally activated at a low level in all sev-competent cells prior to sev signaling and this requires the activities of Ras85D and two ETS transcription factors, aop and pnt.

            (Kauffmann et al., 1996)

            pnt is required in dorsal follicle cells for patterning of the cell layer into either appendage-producing or midline cells. Loss of pnt results in the loss of midline cells and an excess of appendage-forming cells, a phenotype associated with overactivation of the EGF receptor pathway in the dorsal region. Overexpression of pnt leads to a phenotype similar to that generated by loss of the EGF receptor pathway. Data indicates a novel antagonistic function for pnt in oogenesis: in response to activation of the EGF receptor pnt is expressed and negatively regulates the EGF receptor pathway, possibly by integrating information from a second pathway.

            (Morimoto et al., 1996)

            The pnt transcription factor is required for secondary branching and also to activate expression of terminal branch markers.

            (Samakovlis et al., 1996)

            Jra cooperates with the ETS domain pnt gene product to act on common target genes which induce photoreceptor R7 fate in the developing eye. phyl might be one of the target genes.

            (Treier et al., 1995)

            MAP kinase activity, encoded by the rl locus, induces neuronal differentiation by simultaneously inhibiting the aop repressor and stimulating the pnt activator.

            (Brunner et al., 1994)

            pnt is required for neuronal glial cell interactions: loss of function mutations lead to a change in the migration behavior of the midline glial cells.

            (Klambt, 1993)

            Two different and distinct trans-acting DNA domains control the pnt P2 promoter activity, one is an activator, the other a repressor. Enhancers directing tissue specific pnt P2 expression are located 3' to the first P2 exon within intronic sequences. Heteroallelic complementation reveals that the pnt gene product is required during eye, wing and haltere development.

            (Scholz et al., 1993)

            The pnt gene product is involved in the specification of the glial-neuronal interactions. The pnt locus has a complex organisation, it encodes two putative ETS-like transcription factors that are expressed in different non-overlapping sets of glial cells in the CNS.

            (Scholz et al., 1993)

            pnt has been cloned, sequenced and its RNA expression pattern characterised.

            (Chen et al., 1992)

            pnt gene product is required for the proper development of the ventralmost cuticle and the CNS midline.

            (Panzer et al., 1992)

            Zygotically active locus involved in the terminal developmental program in the embryo.

            (Strecker et al., 1991)

            rho, pnt, S and spi all function in the formation of the same chordotonal organs.

            (Bier et al., 1990)

            pnt mutants display a pointed head skeleton and deletion of the medial portion in all denticle belts.

            (Jurgens et al., 1984)
            Origin and Etymology
            Discoverer
            Etymology
            Identification
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 99 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
            UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
            BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
            Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
            Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
            FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
            GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
            iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
            InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
            modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
            SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
            Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
            KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
            MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (57)
            Reported As
            Symbol Synonym
            0123/09
            (Deak et al., 1997)
            0608/07
            (Deak et al., 1997)
            0998/12
            (Deak et al., 1997)
            3520
            (Harvie et al., 1998)
            CG17077
            (Fukuoh et al., 2014, Schertel et al., 2013, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Baltzer et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Grieder et al., 2007, Molnar et al., 2006, Norga et al., 2003, Whitfield, 2000.11.3)
            D-Ets-2
            (Chen et al., 1992)
            D-ets-2
            (Kumar and Moses, 2000, Chen, 1993.1.9, Pribyl et al., 1991, Pribyl et al., 1988)
            DMPOINT1A
            (Kennington et al., 2006, Colson and Goldstein, 1999)
            E(E2F)3D
            (Staehling-Hampton et al., 1999)
            EC3-2
            (Baril et al., 2014)
            EK3-2
            (Therrien et al., 2000)
            ETS2
            (Wasylyk et al., 1993)
            EY3-1
            (Rebay et al., 2000)
            Ets
            (Aboukhalil and Bulyk, 2012)
            Ets1/2
            (Billmann et al., 2018)
            Ets2
            Ets58AB
            Ets94F
            PNT
            (Pyrowolakis et al., 2017, Baker and Firth, 2011)
            PNT-P1
            (Carthew, 2006)
            PNTP1
            (Yamada et al., 2003)
            PNTP2
            (Tootle and Rebay, 2005, Yamada et al., 2003)
            POINT
            (Colson and Goldstein, 1999)
            Pnt
            (Fuqua et al., 2020, Hakes and Brand, 2020, Míguez et al., 2020, Sun et al., 2020, Ramon-Cañellas et al., 2019, Liu et al., 2017, Pascual et al., 2017, Jiang et al., 2016, Mbodj et al., 2016, Baëza et al., 2015, Bieli et al., 2015, Li et al., 2015, Peláez et al., 2015, Alic et al., 2014, Erceg et al., 2014, Kerr et al., 2014, Makki et al., 2014, Zaytseva et al., 2014, Malmendal et al., 2013, Mbodj et al., 2013, Paul et al., 2013, Sopko and Perrimon, 2013, Peng et al., 2012, Xiao et al., 2012, Zoller and Schulz, 2012, Kawamori et al., 2011, Ragab et al., 2011, Zhang et al., 2011, Graham et al., 2010, Roignant and Treisman, 2010, Leatherbarrow and Halfon, 2009, Papatsenko et al., 2009, Graham et al., 2008, Hsouna and Hsu, 2008, Tian and Deng, 2008, Bernardi et al., 2007, Mason et al., 2006, Philippakis et al., 2006)
            Pnt-P1
            (Li et al., 2009)
            Pnt2
            (Ren et al., 2013)
            PntP1
            (Jarabo et al., 2022, Jörg et al., 2019, Janssens et al., 2017, Koe et al., 2014, Manansala et al., 2013, Pérez-Gómez et al., 2013, Read, 2011, Graham et al., 2010, Yasugi et al., 2010, Read et al., 2009, Roignant et al., 2006)
            PntP2
            (Bischof et al., 2018, Mora et al., 2013, Vivekanand and Rebay, 2012, Graham et al., 2010, Rogers and Barolo, 2006, Voas and Rebay, 2004)
            Pointed
            (Lusk et al., 2017)
            Pointed-P1
            (Li and Carthew, 2005)
            ets94F
            l(3)07825
            l(3)j1B7
            l(3)s118306
            (Provost et al., 2006)
            png
            (Lee et al., 1999)
            pnt
            (Bonfini et al., 2021, DeAngelis et al., 2021, Girard et al., 2021, Ito and Igaki, 2021, Khan et al., 2021, Marmion et al., 2021, Mendoza-Garcia et al., 2021, Ordway et al., 2021, Poliacikova et al., 2021, Slaidina et al., 2021, Spratford et al., 2021, Adebambo et al., 2020, Cruz et al., 2020, Kim et al., 2020, Kurihara et al., 2020, Lepesant et al., 2020, Overton et al., 2020, Rust et al., 2020, Wu et al., 2020, Yanagawa et al., 2020, Balaji et al., 2019, Brunet Avalos et al., 2019, Chai et al., 2019, Chen and Read, 2019, Kockel et al., 2019, Mazaud et al., 2019, Shokri et al., 2019, Umer et al., 2019, Wittes and Schüpbach, 2019, Zhang et al., 2019, Zhou et al., 2019, Bischof et al., 2018, Boisclair Lachance et al., 2018, Davie et al., 2018, Du et al., 2018, Duncan et al., 2018, Newcomb et al., 2018, Powers and Srivastava, 2018, Reichardt et al., 2018, Schwarz et al., 2018, Webber et al., 2018, Bhattacharya et al., 2017, Davis and Rebay, 2017, Fochler et al., 2017, Forés et al., 2017, Hu et al., 2017.6.13, Janssens et al., 2017, Karaiskos et al., 2017, Liu et al., 2017, Osterfield et al., 2017, Revaitis et al., 2017, Rohde et al., 2017, Suisse et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Wang et al., 2017, Ables et al., 2016, Altenhein et al., 2016, Carbone et al., 2016, Clandinin and Owens, 2016-, Jin et al., 2016, Kalay et al., 2016, Malartre, 2016, Sandler and Stathopoulos, 2016, Testa and Dworkin, 2016, Xie et al., 2016, Zhang et al., 2016, Garlapow et al., 2015, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-, Jin et al., 2015, Matsuda et al., 2015, Schertel et al., 2015, Slack et al., 2015, Xia et al., 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Baril et al., 2014, Boisclair Lachance et al., 2014, Fauré et al., 2014, Huang et al., 2014, Komori et al., 2014, Tchankouo-Nguetcheu et al., 2014, Carter, 2013, Caviglia and Luschnig, 2013, Cheung et al., 2013, Curtis et al., 2013, de Celis et al., 2013.9.11, Paul et al., 2013, Riebli et al., 2013, Schertel et al., 2013, Sen et al., 2013, Shwartz et al., 2013, Slattery et al., 2013, Terriente-Felix et al., 2013, Tian et al., 2013, Webber et al., 2013, Webber et al., 2013, Zhou and Luo, 2013, Avet-Rochex et al., 2012, Butchar et al., 2012, Herranz et al., 2012, Herz et al., 2012, Jones et al., 2012, Mackay et al., 2012, Manning et al., 2012, Mou et al., 2012, Nawaz et al., 2012, Simakov et al., 2012, Spokony, 2012.12.12, Technau et al., 2012, Tie et al., 2012, Verma et al., 2012, Weber et al., 2012, Weng et al., 2012, Araújo and Casanova, 2011, Bantignies et al., 2011, Cherbas et al., 2011, Dworkin et al., 2011, Fulkerson and Estes, 2011, Ghabrial et al., 2011, Hwang and Rulifson, 2011, Mirkovic et al., 2011, Moses et al., 2011, Sun et al., 2011, Wertheim et al., 2011, Zhang et al., 2011, Zhu et al., 2011, Aerts et al., 2010, Becalska and Gavis, 2010, Chanut-Delalande et al., 2010, Hsouna et al., 2010, Jiang et al., 2010, Kerman and Andrew, 2010, Liu et al., 2010, Morozova et al., 2010, Rendina et al., 2010, Salzer et al., 2010, Sonnenfeld et al., 2010, Zhan et al., 2010, Baker et al., 2009, Baltzer et al., 2009, Debat et al., 2009, Fetting et al., 2009, Flaherty et al., 2009, Franzdóttir et al., 2009, Huh et al., 2009, Krejcí et al., 2009, Lachance et al., 2009, Lembong et al., 2009, Liu et al., 2009, Mortimer and Moberg, 2009, Read et al., 2009, Shen et al., 2009, Song et al., 2009, Southall and Brand, 2009, Tsubouchi et al., 2009, Zartman et al., 2009, Berger et al., 2008, Kwon et al., 2008, McNeill et al., 2008, Turner et al., 2008, Weber et al., 2008, Yu et al., 2008, Zartman et al., 2008, Zhao et al., 2008, Aerts et al., 2007, de Navascués and Modolell, 2007, Devergne et al., 2007, Firth and Baker, 2007, Geng and MacDonald, 2007, Grieder et al., 2007, Jakobsen et al., 2007, Junion et al., 2007, Kankel et al., 2007, Kim et al., 2007, Lindner et al., 2007, Maeda et al., 2007, Meignin et al., 2007, Minidorff et al., 2007, Minidorff et al., 2007, Nishimura et al., 2007, Polesello and Tapon, 2007, Sandmann et al., 2007, Sprecher et al., 2007, Sukhanova et al., 2007, Tseng et al., 2007, Zeitlinger et al., 2007, Zeitlinger et al., 2007, Brown et al., 2006, Carmena et al., 2006, Charroux et al., 2006, Dworkin and Gibson, 2006, Dworkin and Gibson., 2006, Estrada et al., 2006, Ghabrial and Krasnow, 2006, Liu et al., 2006, Mirkovic and Mlodzik, 2006, Molnar et al., 2006, Oishi et al., 2006, Paul et al., 2006, Sandmann et al., 2006, Sellin et al., 2006, Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006, Apitz et al., 2005, Cabernard and Affolter, 2005, Dutta et al., 2005, Firth and Baker, 2005, Galindo et al., 2005, Liebl and Featherstone, 2005, Macdonald and Long, 2005, Melen et al., 2005, Stathopoulos and Levine, 2005, Brodu et al., 2004, Meignin et al., 2004, Rawlings et al., 2004, Wang et al., 2004, zur Lage et al., 2004, Chang et al., 2003, Lavenburg et al., 2003, Chang et al., 2001, Pickeral et al., 2000)
            pnt-P1
            (Kim et al., 2006)
            pnt-P2
            (Qiao et al., 2006)
            pnt.P1
            (Mendoza-García et al., 2017)
            pntP2
            (Kaul and Bateman, 2007, Galindo et al., 2005)
            pntegfr
            (Fuchs et al., 2012)
            pointed
            (Jin et al., 2016, Zhang et al., 2011, Halfon and Leatherbarrow, 2007)
            pointed-RC
            (Bianchi-Frias et al., 2004)
            ptd
            (Dobens and Raftery, 2000)
            Name Synonyms
            Ets at 58AB
            Ets protein Pointed P2
            (Kockel et al., 2001)
            Point2
            (Ren et al., 2013)
            Pointed
            (Liguori et al., 2021, Hayashi and Ogura, 2020, Ramond et al., 2020, Ahmad, 2017, Castillo et al., 2015, Paul et al., 2013, Fuchs et al., 2012, Herranz et al., 2012, Lau et al., 2012, Technau et al., 2012, Fulkerson and Estes, 2011, Zhang et al., 2011, Aerts et al., 2010, Buchon et al., 2010, Figeac et al., 2010, Graham et al., 2010, Jiang et al., 2010, Baltzer et al., 2009, Buchon et al., 2009, Graham et al., 2008, Hsouna and Hsu, 2008, Weber et al., 2008, Bernardi et al., 2007, Jemc and Rebay, 2007, Letizia et al., 2007, Sukhanova et al., 2007, Yoneda et al., 2007, Yuasa and Hiromi, 2007, Brown et al., 2006, Cela and Llimargas, 2006, Philippakis et al., 2006, Rogers et al., 2005)
            Pointed P1
            (Jörg et al., 2019)
            Pointed-P2
            (Mora et al., 2013)
            Pointed2
            (Meignin et al., 2004)
            PointedP2
            (Hahn et al., 2013, Bernardi et al., 2007)
            no terminal cell clones-R
            (Ghabrial et al., 2011)
            pnt
            (Yu et al., 2008)
            pointed
            (O'Hanlon et al., 2018, Yang et al., 2018, Osterfield et al., 2017, Malartre, 2016, Shimaji et al., 2016, Wieschaus and Nüsslein-Volhard, 2016, Baëza et al., 2015, Matsuda et al., 2015, Huang et al., 2014, Koe et al., 2014, Riebli et al., 2013, Slattery et al., 2013, Tian et al., 2013, Aboukhalil and Bulyk, 2012, Jones et al., 2012, Ghabrial et al., 2011, Moses et al., 2011, Singer and Gall, 2011, Wertheim et al., 2011, Becalska and Gavis, 2010, Hsouna et al., 2010, Liu et al., 2010, Morozova et al., 2010, Salzer et al., 2010, Sonnenfeld et al., 2010, Baltzer et al., 2009, Franzdóttir et al., 2009, Hurlbut et al., 2009, Krejcí et al., 2009, Read et al., 2009, Shen et al., 2009, Bejarano et al., 2008, Turner et al., 2008, Zhao et al., 2008, Devergne et al., 2007, Firth and Baker, 2007, Kankel et al., 2007, Kaplow et al., 2007, Lindner et al., 2007, Maeda et al., 2007, Meignin et al., 2007, Polesello and Tapon, 2007, Roignant et al., 2007, Carmena et al., 2006, Dworkin and Gibson, 2006, Oishi et al., 2006, Sambandan et al., 2006, Urban, 2006, Firth and Baker, 2005, Mok et al., 2005, Baker, 2004, Brodu et al., 2004, Jafar-Nejad and Bellen, 2004, Rawlings et al., 2004, Chang et al., 2001, Lee et al., 1999)
            pointed P1
            (Loewen et al., 2018)
            pointed P2
            (Paul et al., 2006)
            pointed-P1
            (Kim et al., 2006, Colson, 1998.5.26, Klämbt, 1992.11.2)
            pointed-P2
            (Klämbt, 1992.11.2)
            pointedP2
            (Kaul and Bateman, 2007, Galindo et al., 2005, Skeath et al., 2003)
            Secondary FlyBase IDs
            • FBgn0004060
            • FBgn0005657
            • FBgn0010925
            • FBgn0011309
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            Study result (0)
            Result
            Result Type
            Title
            References (727)