Gene Dmel\Pu

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General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Pu

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Punch

Annotation symbol

CG9441

Feature type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0003162

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock availability

23 publicly available

Also Known As

GTPCH, upi

Genomic Location

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

2-97

Cytogenetic map

57C7-57C8

Sequence location

2R:17,062,820..17,070,113 [+]

Genomic Maps

Select View:

Summary Information

Automatically generated summary

See sections below for more information

The gene Punch is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Pu (CG9441, FBgn0003162). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: GTP cyclohydrolase I regulator activity; GTP cyclohydrolase I activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle; regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity; cuticle pigmentation; pteridine biosynthetic process; regulation of epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system; embryonic pattern specification; compound eye pigmentation; larval chitin-based cuticle development. 83 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system; multicellular structure; anatomical structure; acellular anatomical structure; extended germ band embryo; organ system subdivision; adult segment; sense organ; tracheal system; cephalopharyngeal skeleton; external compound sense organ. It has 3 annotated transcripts and 3 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: GTP cyclohydrolase I; GTP cyclohydrolase I, conserved site; GTP cyclohydrolase I/Nitrile oxidoreductase. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed during late larval stages, at stages throughout the pupal period. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, adult crop, larval fat body, adult spermathecae, larval/adult carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult central nervous system, larval/adult hindgut, adult heart, adult fat body, larval trachea. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1639469_a_at completely aligns to an exonic region common to each of the 3 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of Pu. Gene sequence location is 2R:17062820..17070113.

User Contributed Data

Beta version, feedback welcome

Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)

Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage

Pu: Punch

The structural gene for guanosine triphosphate 7,8-8,9-dehydrolase = GTP cyclohydrolase [GTP CH (EC 3.5.4.16)], which catalyzes the first step in pteridine biosynthesis, the conversion of GTP to dihydroneopterin with the release of formic acid; GTP CH activity proportional to the number of Pu+ alleles. Purification and characterization by Weisberg and O'Donnell (1986, J. Biol. Chem. 261: 1453-58); the active complex has an apparent molecular mass of 575,000 daltons comprised of 39,000-dalton subunits. Developmentally regulated with a short-lived activity peak at or shortly before eclosion; 80-90% of activity found in the head; activity not detectable in embryos. Dominant alleles are embryonic lethal as homozygotes and in heterozygotes produce dilute purple eye color; Appear to be antimorphic in that GTP CH activity in heterozygotes reduced to less than the 50% normal levels observed in deficiency heterozygotes, at least in adult tissues, and is but 80% normal in genotypes that carry, in addition to the mutant allele, two doses of Pu+. Most are associated with a chromosome rearrangement with one breakpoint in 57 and the other in or near centric heterochromatin. A few recessive alleles are viable and fertile and exhibit reduced GTP CH activity in the head but normal or near-normal levels in prepupae and adult body; however, the majority are embryonic lethals and have reduced activity in prepupae, adult body, and head when heterozygous with viable alleles; rare lethal alleles are defective in neither eye-pigment production nor in postembryonic enzyme activity. Viable alleles complement lethal alleles for viability, at least partially; in combination with each other and with lethal alleles they display a wide range of eye pigmentation; some pairs of lethal alleles complement fully or partially for both viability and eye color; prepupal enzyme levels are variably reduced in these combinations in ways that are uncorrelated with survival; heteroallelic survivors are fertile; heteroallelic survival markedly reduced or absent when reared at 16. Homozygous deficiencies [Df(2R)F36] die as fully formed larvae, but prior to hatching; mouth parts and setae completely unpigmented; setae and sensory structures poorly differentiated; cuticle thin and fragile; head involution and differentiation frequently incomplete, beginning at the time of germ-band shortening. Class II mutants display variably similar phenotypes as do class III alleles, but to a less severe extent. 50% of class V mutants die before blastoderm, the remaining 50% dying during late embryogenesis, but with fully pigmented mouth parts and setae and with normal head development; fusions and deletions of abdominal denticle belts, or the normal number of belts, but all of identically abnormal structure, retaining only the two posterior setal rows; pre-blastoderm nuclear divisions asynchronous, abnormally distributed in embryos, and nuclei misshapen (Reynolds and O'Donnell, 1987, Genetics 116: s14). Embryos homozygous for class IV alleles resemble class V mutants, but with additional features characteristic of class II embryos, including unpigmented setae and mouth parts. In crosses of class V bearing genotypes to Df(2R)F36/+, the Df(2R)F36/Pu embryos resemble class V embryos when the deficiency is maternally inherited and deficiency homozygotes when the Pu allele is maternally inherited.

Pu2

Eye color of Pu2/+ purplish, resembling pr; GTP CH activity reduced to less than 50% normal levels, in prepupae, adult body, and adult head, i.e. lower than observed in deficiency heterozygotes. Activity 80% normal in genotypes that carry, in addition to Pu2, two doses of Pu+; Homozygous lethal with death occurring in the embryonic stage; slight transient dilution of eye color in such heterozygotes at eclosion.

PuK5-2

Slightly dominant eye-color phenotype. Survives in heterozygous combination with SM1, but behaves as a dominant lethal or displays delayed development in combination with most other second chromosomes tested.

Pur1

Homozygous viable recessive allele. GTP CH activity moderately reduced in prepupae and nearly normal in adult bodies of homozygotes; activity appears to be virtually absent in adult heads. Slight transient dilution of eye color in freshly emerged heterozygotes.

Pur331

Homozygous viable recessive allele. GTP CH activity in Pur331/Pu+ same as wild type; somewhat reduced in homozygotes.

PurP43

Homozygous lethal; however, GTP CH activity in heterozygotes nearly normal. In heteroallelic combination with PurZ19 the enzyme produced is unstable at 53; other combinations produce relatively heat-stable enzyme.

PuSHC

Similar to but less severe that that of PuK5-2. Apparent dominant lethal effects more severe when inherited maternally than when inherited paternally.

Recent Updates

Description

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FB2013_03

FB2013_02

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Detailed Mapping Data

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

57C7-57C8

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG4266^EP2258 and P{EP}CG30394^EP962&P{lacW}dom^k08108

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

57C5-57C6

(Krishnakumar, 1999.6.15)

57C-57C

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(McLean et al., 1990)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-97

(Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Gene Model & Products

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Pu for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.39

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.48

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Associated CDS (aa)

Pu-RA

FBtr0071580

NM_166431

1793

324

Pu-RB

FBtr0071578

NM_166430

1625

273

Pu-RC

FBtr0071579

NM_079077

1744

308

Additional Transcript Data & Comments

Reported size (kB)

1.75, 1.7 (northern blot)

(McLean et al., 1993)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank protein

Pu-PA

FBpp0071507

35.5

324

6.60

NP_726038

AAM70858

Pu-PB

FBpp0071505

29.8

273

6.31

NP_726037

AAF46690

Pu-PC

FBpp0071506

33.9

308

6.24

NP_523801

AAF46692

Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments

Reported size (kDa)

308, 274 (aa); 40, 39 (kD observed); 34, 30 (kD predicted)

(McLean et al., 1993)

Comments

The Pu antibody detects a 52 kD protein in 0-2 hr embryos.

(Chen et al., 1994)

Pu⁺P274 is hydrophobic, while Pu⁺P308 has a unique hydrophilic region.

(McLean et al., 1993)

External Data

Linkouts

Crossreferences

InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites

•

GTP cyclohydrolase I, conserved site (IPR018234)

GTP cyclohydrolase I (IPR001474)

GTP cyclohydrolase I/Nitrile oxidoreductase (IPR020602)

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

DDBJ /
EMBL /
GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

Name

P48596

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Mapped Features

Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details.

Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports.

Type

Symbol & Location

Additional Notes

References

External Data

Linkouts

Crossreferences

Expression Data

Transcript Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage | early

organism

• yolk granule

(Chen et al., 1994)

Additional Descriptive Data

The Pu protein is detected in the nurse cell cytoplasm in stage S10B of oogenesis, and has been transferred to granules in the oocyte cytoplasm at stage S14 of oogenesis. The level of Pu protein is high in the unfertilized egg, declines through early embryogenesis, and is not detected after cellularization.

(Chen et al., 1994)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)

CV term

Evidence

References

cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Chen et al., 1994)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray

FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data

(FlyAtlas-RNA.adult)

(FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Back-to-back
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High level expression bin max
	Very high expression bin max

Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, adult crop, larval fat body, adult spermathecae, larval/adult carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult central nervous system, larval/adult hindgut, adult heart, adult fat body, larval trachea.
[download data (TSV)]

Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors
	No expression (0 - 9.999)
	Low expression (10 - 99.999)
	Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)
	High level expression (500 - 999.999)
	Very high expression (>999.999)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		115.375
Larval Midgut		15
Larval Hindgut		207.1
Larval Malpighian Tubules		6.1
Larval Fat Body		4873.4
Larval Salivary Gland		10.3
Larval Trachea		244.65
Larval Carcass		1450.325
Adult Head		853.9
Adult Eye		1765.3
Adult Brain		119.6
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		75.1
Adult Crop		860.8
Adult Midgut		14.5
Adult Hindgut		189.9
Adult Malpighian Tubules		7.8
Adult Fat Body		485.1
Adult Salivary Gland		9.3
Adult Heart		136.475
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		511.7
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		563.7
Adult Ovary		16
Adult Testis		1.4
Adult Male Accessory Gland		6.4
Adult Carcass		550
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High Very high

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		115.375
Larval Midgut		15
Larval Hindgut		207.1
Larval Malpighian Tubules		6.1
Larval Fat Body		(4873.4)
Larval Salivary Gland		10.3
Larval Trachea		244.65
Larval Carcass		(1450.325)
Adult Head		(853.9)
Adult Eye		(1765.3)
Adult Brain		119.6
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		75.1
Adult Crop		(860.8)
Adult Midgut		14.5
Adult Hindgut		189.9
Adult Malpighian Tubules		7.8
Adult Fat Body		485.1
Adult Salivary Gland		9.3
Adult Heart		136.475
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		511.7
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		(563.7)
Adult Ovary		16
Adult Testis		1.4
Adult Male Accessory Gland		6.4
Adult Carcass		(550)
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High

Linear, scaled to High level expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		115.375
Larval Midgut		15
Larval Hindgut		207.1
Larval Malpighian Tubules		6.1
Larval Fat Body		(4873.4)
Larval Salivary Gland		10.3
Larval Trachea		244.65
Larval Carcass		(1450.325)
Adult Head		853.9
Adult Eye		(1765.3)
Adult Brain		119.6
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		75.1
Adult Crop		860.8
Adult Midgut		14.5
Adult Hindgut		189.9
Adult Malpighian Tubules		7.8
Adult Fat Body		485.1
Adult Salivary Gland		9.3
Adult Heart		136.475
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		511.7
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		563.7
Adult Ovary		16
Adult Testis		1.4
Adult Male Accessory Gland		6.4
Adult Carcass		550
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High Very high

Linear, scaled to Very high expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		115.375
Larval Midgut		15
Larval Hindgut		207.1
Larval Malpighian Tubules		6.1
Larval Fat Body		4873.4
Larval Salivary Gland		10.3
Larval Trachea		244.65
Larval Carcass		1450.325
Adult Head		853.9
Adult Eye		1765.3
Adult Brain		119.6
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		75.1
Adult Crop		860.8
Adult Midgut		14.5
Adult Hindgut		189.9
Adult Malpighian Tubules		7.8
Adult Fat Body		485.1
Adult Salivary Gland		9.3
Adult Heart		136.475
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		511.7
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		563.7
Adult Ovary		16
Adult Testis		1.4
Adult Male Accessory Gland		6.4
Adult Carcass		550
Expression Level Scale		Very high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		115.375
Larval Midgut		15
Larval Hindgut		207.1
Larval Malpighian Tubules		6.1
Larval Fat Body		4873.4
Larval Salivary Gland		10.3
Larval Trachea		244.65
Larval Carcass		1450.325
Adult Head		853.9
Adult Eye		1765.3
Adult Brain		119.6
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		75.1
Adult Crop		860.8
Adult Midgut		14.5
Adult Hindgut		189.9
Adult Malpighian Tubules		7.8
Adult Fat Body		485.1
Adult Salivary Gland		9.3
Adult Heart		136.475
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		511.7
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		563.7
Adult Ovary		16
Adult Testis		1.4
Adult Male Accessory Gland		6.4
Adult Carcass		550
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High Very high

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		115.375
Larval Midgut		15
Larval Hindgut		207.1
Larval Malpighian Tubules		6.1
Larval Fat Body		(4873.4)
Larval Salivary Gland		10.3
Larval Trachea		244.65
Larval Carcass		(1450.325)
Adult Head		(853.9)
Adult Eye		(1765.3)
Adult Brain		119.6
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		75.1
Adult Crop		(860.8)
Adult Midgut		14.5
Adult Hindgut		189.9
Adult Malpighian Tubules		7.8
Adult Fat Body		485.1
Adult Salivary Gland		9.3
Adult Heart		136.475
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		511.7
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		563.7
Adult Ovary		16
Adult Testis		1.4
Adult Male Accessory Gland		6.4
Adult Carcass		550
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High

log, scaled to High level expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		115.375
Larval Midgut		15
Larval Hindgut		207.1
Larval Malpighian Tubules		6.1
Larval Fat Body		(4873.4)
Larval Salivary Gland		10.3
Larval Trachea		244.65
Larval Carcass		1450.325
Adult Head		853.9
Adult Eye		(1765.3)
Adult Brain		119.6
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		75.1
Adult Crop		860.8
Adult Midgut		14.5
Adult Hindgut		189.9
Adult Malpighian Tubules		7.8
Adult Fat Body		485.1
Adult Salivary Gland		9.3
Adult Heart		136.475
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		511.7
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		563.7
Adult Ovary		16
Adult Testis		1.4
Adult Male Accessory Gland		6.4
Adult Carcass		550
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High Very high

log, scaled to Very high expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		115.375
Larval Midgut		15
Larval Hindgut		207.1
Larval Malpighian Tubules		6.1
Larval Fat Body		4873.4
Larval Salivary Gland		10.3
Larval Trachea		244.65
Larval Carcass		1450.325
Adult Head		853.9
Adult Eye		1765.3
Adult Brain		119.6
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		75.1
Adult Crop		860.8
Adult Midgut		14.5
Adult Hindgut		189.9
Adult Malpighian Tubules		7.8
Adult Fat Body		485.1
Adult Salivary Gland		9.3
Adult Heart		136.475
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		511.7
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		563.7
Adult Ovary		16
Adult Testis		1.4
Adult Male Accessory Gland		6.4
Adult Carcass		550
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High Very high

Heatmap
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
Larval Midgut
Larval Hindgut
Larval Malpighian Tubules
Larval Fat Body
Larval Salivary Gland
Larval Trachea
Larval Carcass
Adult Head
Adult Eye
Adult Brain
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
Adult Crop
Adult Midgut
Adult Hindgut
Adult Malpighian Tubules
Adult Fat Body
Adult Salivary Gland
Adult Heart
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
Adult Ovary
Adult Testis
Adult Male Accessory Gland
Adult Carcass

FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult
Larval Expression Level	Tissue	Adult Expression Level
NA	Head	853.9
NA	Eye	1765.3
NA	Brain	119.6
115.375	Central Nervous System	NA
NA	Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion	75.1
NA	Crop	860.8
15	Midgut	14.5
207.1	Hindgut	189.9
6.1	Malpighian Tubules	7.8
4873.4	Fat Body	485.1
no informative data	Salivary Gland	9.3
NA	Heart	136.475
244.65	Trachea	NA
NA	VirginFemale Spermatheca	511.7
NA	InseminatedFemale Spermatheca	563.7
NA	Ovary	16
NA	Testis	1.4
NA	Male Accessory Gland	6.4
1450.325	Carcass	550

FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)

modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq

modENCODE Tissue Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High expression bin max
	Extremely high expression bin max

[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
	No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
	Very low expression (1 - 3)
	Low expression (4 - 10)
	Moderate expression (11 - 25)
	Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
	High expression (51 - 100)
	Very high expression (101 - 1000)
	Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		4
central nervous system, larvae L3		17
central nervous system, pupae P8		5
head, virgin 1-day female		258
head, virgin 4-day female		69
head, virgin 20-day female		41
head, mated 1-day female		153
head, mated 4-day female		60
head, mated 20-day female		42
head, mated 1-day male		226
head, mated 4-day male		116
head, mated 20-day male		90
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		9
salivary gland, white prepupae		59
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		29
digestive system, 1-day adult		9
digestive system, 4-day adult		8
digestive system, 20-day adult		7
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		327
fat body, white prepupae		682
fat body, pupae P8		9
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		214
carcass, 1-day adult		58
carcass, 4-day adult		45
carcass, 20-day adult		51
ovary, virgin 4-day female		4
ovary, mated 4-day female		4
testis, mated 4-day male		3
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		17
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		4
central nervous system, larvae L3		17
central nervous system, pupae P8		5
head, virgin 1-day female		(258)
head, virgin 4-day female		(69)
head, virgin 20-day female		(41)
head, mated 1-day female		(153)
head, mated 4-day female		(60)
head, mated 20-day female		(42)
head, mated 1-day male		(226)
head, mated 4-day male		(116)
head, mated 20-day male		(90)
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		9
salivary gland, white prepupae		(59)
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		(29)
digestive system, 1-day adult		9
digestive system, 4-day adult		8
digestive system, 20-day adult		7
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		(327)
fat body, white prepupae		(682)
fat body, pupae P8		9
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		(214)
carcass, 1-day adult		(58)
carcass, 4-day adult		(45)
carcass, 20-day adult		(51)
ovary, virgin 4-day female		4
ovary, mated 4-day female		4
testis, mated 4-day male		3
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		17
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to High expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		4
central nervous system, larvae L3		17
central nervous system, pupae P8		5
head, virgin 1-day female		(258)
head, virgin 4-day female		69
head, virgin 20-day female		41
head, mated 1-day female		(153)
head, mated 4-day female		60
head, mated 20-day female		42
head, mated 1-day male		(226)
head, mated 4-day male		(116)
head, mated 20-day male		90
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		9
salivary gland, white prepupae		59
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		29
digestive system, 1-day adult		9
digestive system, 4-day adult		8
digestive system, 20-day adult		7
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		(327)
fat body, white prepupae		(682)
fat body, pupae P8		9
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		(214)
carcass, 1-day adult		58
carcass, 4-day adult		45
carcass, 20-day adult		51
ovary, virgin 4-day female		4
ovary, mated 4-day female		4
testis, mated 4-day male		3
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		17
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		4
central nervous system, larvae L3		17
central nervous system, pupae P8		5
head, virgin 1-day female		258
head, virgin 4-day female		69
head, virgin 20-day female		41
head, mated 1-day female		153
head, mated 4-day female		60
head, mated 20-day female		42
head, mated 1-day male		226
head, mated 4-day male		116
head, mated 20-day male		90
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		9
salivary gland, white prepupae		59
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		29
digestive system, 1-day adult		9
digestive system, 4-day adult		8
digestive system, 20-day adult		7
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		327
fat body, white prepupae		682
fat body, pupae P8		9
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		214
carcass, 1-day adult		58
carcass, 4-day adult		45
carcass, 20-day adult		51
ovary, virgin 4-day female		4
ovary, mated 4-day female		4
testis, mated 4-day male		3
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		17
Expression Level Scale		Extremely high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		4
central nervous system, larvae L3		17
central nervous system, pupae P8		5
head, virgin 1-day female		258
head, virgin 4-day female		69
head, virgin 20-day female		41
head, mated 1-day female		153
head, mated 4-day female		60
head, mated 20-day female		42
head, mated 1-day male		226
head, mated 4-day male		116
head, mated 20-day male		90
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		9
salivary gland, white prepupae		59
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		29
digestive system, 1-day adult		9
digestive system, 4-day adult		8
digestive system, 20-day adult		7
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		327
fat body, white prepupae		682
fat body, pupae P8		9
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		214
carcass, 1-day adult		58
carcass, 4-day adult		45
carcass, 20-day adult		51
ovary, virgin 4-day female		4
ovary, mated 4-day female		4
testis, mated 4-day male		3
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		17
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high Extremely high

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		4
central nervous system, larvae L3		17
central nervous system, pupae P8		5
head, virgin 1-day female		(258)
head, virgin 4-day female		(69)
head, virgin 20-day female		(41)
head, mated 1-day female		(153)
head, mated 4-day female		(60)
head, mated 20-day female		(42)
head, mated 1-day male		(226)
head, mated 4-day male		(116)
head, mated 20-day male		(90)
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		9
salivary gland, white prepupae		(59)
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		29
digestive system, 1-day adult		9
digestive system, 4-day adult		8
digestive system, 20-day adult		7
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		(327)
fat body, white prepupae		(682)
fat body, pupae P8		9
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		(214)
carcass, 1-day adult		(58)
carcass, 4-day adult		(45)
carcass, 20-day adult		(51)
ovary, virgin 4-day female		4
ovary, mated 4-day female		4
testis, mated 4-day male		3
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		17
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to High expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		4
central nervous system, larvae L3		17
central nervous system, pupae P8		5
head, virgin 1-day female		(258)
head, virgin 4-day female		69
head, virgin 20-day female		41
head, mated 1-day female		(153)
head, mated 4-day female		60
head, mated 20-day female		42
head, mated 1-day male		(226)
head, mated 4-day male		116
head, mated 20-day male		90
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		9
salivary gland, white prepupae		59
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		29
digestive system, 1-day adult		9
digestive system, 4-day adult		8
digestive system, 20-day adult		7
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		(327)
fat body, white prepupae		(682)
fat body, pupae P8		9
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		(214)
carcass, 1-day adult		58
carcass, 4-day adult		45
carcass, 20-day adult		51
ovary, virgin 4-day female		4
ovary, mated 4-day female		4
testis, mated 4-day male		3
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		17
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		4
central nervous system, larvae L3		17
central nervous system, pupae P8		5
head, virgin 1-day female		258
head, virgin 4-day female		69
head, virgin 20-day female		41
head, mated 1-day female		153
head, mated 4-day female		60
head, mated 20-day female		42
head, mated 1-day male		226
head, mated 4-day male		116
head, mated 20-day male		90
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		9
salivary gland, white prepupae		59
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		29
digestive system, 1-day adult		9
digestive system, 4-day adult		8
digestive system, 20-day adult		7
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		327
fat body, white prepupae		682
fat body, pupae P8		9
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		214
carcass, 1-day adult		58
carcass, 4-day adult		45
carcass, 20-day adult		51
ovary, virgin 4-day female		4
ovary, mated 4-day female		4
testis, mated 4-day male		3
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		17
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high Extremely high

Heatmap
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
central nervous system, larvae L3
central nervous system, pupae P8
head, virgin 1-day female
head, virgin 4-day female
head, virgin 20-day female
head, mated 1-day female
head, mated 4-day female
head, mated 20-day female
head, mated 1-day male
head, mated 4-day male
head, mated 20-day male
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
salivary gland, white prepupae
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
digestive system, 1-day adult
digestive system, 4-day adult
digestive system, 20-day adult
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
fat body, white prepupae
fat body, pupae P8
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
carcass, 1-day adult
carcass, 4-day adult
carcass, 20-day adult
ovary, virgin 4-day female
ovary, mated 4-day female
testis, mated 4-day male
accessory gland, mated 4-day male

modENCODE Development RNA-Seq

modENCODE Temporal Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High expression bin max
	Extremely high expression bin max

Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed during late larval stages, at stages throughout the pupal period.
[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
	No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
	Very low expression (1 - 3)
	Low expression (4 - 10)
	Moderate expression (11 - 25)
	Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
	High expression (51 - 100)
	Very high expression (101 - 1000)
	Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		1
embryo 02-04hr		1
embryo 04-06hr		0
embryo 06-08hr		1
embryo 08-10hr		3
embryo 10-12hr		22
embryo 12-14hr		19
embryo 14-16hr		14
embryo 16-18hr		8
embryo 18-20hr		21
embryo 20-22hr		14
embryo 22-24hr		16
larva L1		27
larva L2		19
larva L3 12hr old		17
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		17
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		73
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		164
white prepupae new		150
white prepupae 12hr		14
white prepupae 24hr		9
pupae 2d postWPP		16
pupae 3d postWPP		265
pupae 4d postWPP		96
adult male 01day		36
adult male 05day		17
adult male 30day		13
adult female 01day		22
adult female 05day		6
adult female 30day		8
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		1
embryo 02-04hr		1
embryo 04-06hr		0
embryo 06-08hr		1
embryo 08-10hr		3
embryo 10-12hr		22
embryo 12-14hr		19
embryo 14-16hr		14
embryo 16-18hr		8
embryo 18-20hr		21
embryo 20-22hr		14
embryo 22-24hr		16
larva L1		(27)
larva L2		19
larva L3 12hr old		17
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		17
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		(73)
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		(164)
white prepupae new		(150)
white prepupae 12hr		14
white prepupae 24hr		9
pupae 2d postWPP		16
pupae 3d postWPP		(265)
pupae 4d postWPP		(96)
adult male 01day		(36)
adult male 05day		17
adult male 30day		13
adult female 01day		22
adult female 05day		6
adult female 30day		8
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to High expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		1
embryo 02-04hr		1
embryo 04-06hr		0
embryo 06-08hr		1
embryo 08-10hr		3
embryo 10-12hr		22
embryo 12-14hr		19
embryo 14-16hr		14
embryo 16-18hr		8
embryo 18-20hr		21
embryo 20-22hr		14
embryo 22-24hr		16
larva L1		27
larva L2		19
larva L3 12hr old		17
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		17
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		73
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		(164)
white prepupae new		(150)
white prepupae 12hr		14
white prepupae 24hr		9
pupae 2d postWPP		16
pupae 3d postWPP		(265)
pupae 4d postWPP		96
adult male 01day		36
adult male 05day		17
adult male 30day		13
adult female 01day		22
adult female 05day		6
adult female 30day		8
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		1
embryo 02-04hr		1
embryo 04-06hr		0
embryo 06-08hr		1
embryo 08-10hr		3
embryo 10-12hr		22
embryo 12-14hr		19
embryo 14-16hr		14
embryo 16-18hr		8
embryo 18-20hr		21
embryo 20-22hr		14
embryo 22-24hr		16
larva L1		27
larva L2		19
larva L3 12hr old		17
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		17
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		73
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		164
white prepupae new		150
white prepupae 12hr		14
white prepupae 24hr		9
pupae 2d postWPP		16
pupae 3d postWPP		265
pupae 4d postWPP		96
adult male 01day		36
adult male 05day		17
adult male 30day		13
adult female 01day		22
adult female 05day		6
adult female 30day		8
Expression Level Scale		Extremely high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		1
embryo 02-04hr		1
embryo 04-06hr		0
embryo 06-08hr		1
embryo 08-10hr		3
embryo 10-12hr		22
embryo 12-14hr		19
embryo 14-16hr		14
embryo 16-18hr		8
embryo 18-20hr		21
embryo 20-22hr		14
embryo 22-24hr		16
larva L1		27
larva L2		19
larva L3 12hr old		17
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		17
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		73
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		164
white prepupae new		150
white prepupae 12hr		14
white prepupae 24hr		9
pupae 2d postWPP		16
pupae 3d postWPP		265
pupae 4d postWPP		96
adult male 01day		36
adult male 05day		17
adult male 30day		13
adult female 01day		22
adult female 05day		6
adult female 30day		8
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		1
embryo 02-04hr		1
embryo 04-06hr		0
embryo 06-08hr		1
embryo 08-10hr		3
embryo 10-12hr		22
embryo 12-14hr		19
embryo 14-16hr		14
embryo 16-18hr		8
embryo 18-20hr		21
embryo 20-22hr		14
embryo 22-24hr		16
larva L1		27
larva L2		19
larva L3 12hr old		17
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		17
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		(73)
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		(164)
white prepupae new		(150)
white prepupae 12hr		14
white prepupae 24hr		9
pupae 2d postWPP		16
pupae 3d postWPP		(265)
pupae 4d postWPP		(96)
adult male 01day		(36)
adult male 05day		17
adult male 30day		13
adult female 01day		22
adult female 05day		6
adult female 30day		8
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to High expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		1
embryo 02-04hr		1
embryo 04-06hr		0
embryo 06-08hr		1
embryo 08-10hr		3
embryo 10-12hr		22
embryo 12-14hr		19
embryo 14-16hr		14
embryo 16-18hr		8
embryo 18-20hr		21
embryo 20-22hr		14
embryo 22-24hr		16
larva L1		27
larva L2		19
larva L3 12hr old		17
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		17
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		73
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		(164)
white prepupae new		(150)
white prepupae 12hr		14
white prepupae 24hr		9
pupae 2d postWPP		16
pupae 3d postWPP		(265)
pupae 4d postWPP		96
adult male 01day		36
adult male 05day		17
adult male 30day		13
adult female 01day		22
adult female 05day		6
adult female 30day		8
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		1
embryo 02-04hr		1
embryo 04-06hr		0
embryo 06-08hr		1
embryo 08-10hr		3
embryo 10-12hr		22
embryo 12-14hr		19
embryo 14-16hr		14
embryo 16-18hr		8
embryo 18-20hr		21
embryo 20-22hr		14
embryo 22-24hr		16
larva L1		27
larva L2		19
larva L3 12hr old		17
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		17
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		73
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		164
white prepupae new		150
white prepupae 12hr		14
white prepupae 24hr		9
pupae 2d postWPP		16
pupae 3d postWPP		265
pupae 4d postWPP		96
adult male 01day		36
adult male 05day		17
adult male 30day		13
adult female 01day		22
adult female 05day		6
adult female 30day		8
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high Extremely high

Heatmap
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
embryo 02-04hr
embryo 04-06hr
embryo 06-08hr
embryo 08-10hr
embryo 10-12hr
embryo 12-14hr
embryo 14-16hr
embryo 16-18hr
embryo 18-20hr
embryo 20-22hr
embryo 22-24hr
larva L1
larva L2
larva L3 12hr old
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
white prepupae new
white prepupae 12hr
white prepupae 24hr
pupae 2d postWPP
pupae 3d postWPP
pupae 4d postWPP
adult male 01day
adult male 05day
adult male 30day
adult female 01day
adult female 05day
adult female 30day

modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)

modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq

modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A)

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High expression bin max
	Extremely high expression bin max

[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
	No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
	Very low expression (1 - 3)
	Low expression (4 - 10)
	Moderate expression (11 - 25)
	Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
	High expression (51 - 100)
	Very high expression (101 - 1000)
	Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		1
Schneider line 2 Sg4		1
embryonic 1182-4H		0
embryonic GM2		0
embryonic Kc167		17
embryonic S1		111
embryonic S3		0
leg disc CME L1		1
wing disc CME-W2		16
wing disc ML-DmD8		0
wing disc ML-DmD9		3
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		1
wing disc ML-DmD21		0
wing disc ML-DmD32		3
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		29
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		5
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		3
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		3
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		79
tumorous blood cells mbn2		1
ovary fGS/OSS		3
ovary OSC		21
ovary OSS		16
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		1
Schneider line 2 Sg4		1
embryonic 1182-4H		0
embryonic GM2		0
embryonic Kc167		17
embryonic S1		(111)
embryonic S3		0
leg disc CME L1		1
wing disc CME-W2		16
wing disc ML-DmD8		0
wing disc ML-DmD9		3
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		1
wing disc ML-DmD21		0
wing disc ML-DmD32		3
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		(29)
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		5
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		3
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		3
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		(79)
tumorous blood cells mbn2		1
ovary fGS/OSS		3
ovary OSC		21
ovary OSS		16
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to High expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		1
Schneider line 2 Sg4		1
embryonic 1182-4H		0
embryonic GM2		0
embryonic Kc167		17
embryonic S1		(111)
embryonic S3		0
leg disc CME L1		1
wing disc CME-W2		16
wing disc ML-DmD8		0
wing disc ML-DmD9		3
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		1
wing disc ML-DmD21		0
wing disc ML-DmD32		3
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		29
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		5
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		3
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		3
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		79
tumorous blood cells mbn2		1
ovary fGS/OSS		3
ovary OSC		21
ovary OSS		16
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		1
Schneider line 2 Sg4		1
embryonic 1182-4H		0
embryonic GM2		0
embryonic Kc167		17
embryonic S1		111
embryonic S3		0
leg disc CME L1		1
wing disc CME-W2		16
wing disc ML-DmD8		0
wing disc ML-DmD9		3
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		1
wing disc ML-DmD21		0
wing disc ML-DmD32		3
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		29
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		5
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		3
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		3
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		79
tumorous blood cells mbn2		1
ovary fGS/OSS		3
ovary OSC		21
ovary OSS		16
Expression Level Scale		Extremely high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		1
Schneider line 2 Sg4		1
embryonic 1182-4H		0
embryonic GM2		0
embryonic Kc167		17
embryonic S1		111
embryonic S3		0
leg disc CME L1		1
wing disc CME-W2		16
wing disc ML-DmD8		0
wing disc ML-DmD9		3
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		1
wing disc ML-DmD21		0
wing disc ML-DmD32		3
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		29
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		5
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		3
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		3
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		79
tumorous blood cells mbn2		1
ovary fGS/OSS		3
ovary OSC		21
ovary OSS		16
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		1
Schneider line 2 Sg4		1
embryonic 1182-4H		0
embryonic GM2		0
embryonic Kc167		17
embryonic S1		(111)
embryonic S3		0
leg disc CME L1		1
wing disc CME-W2		16
wing disc ML-DmD8		0
wing disc ML-DmD9		3
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		1
wing disc ML-DmD21		0
wing disc ML-DmD32		3
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		29
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		5
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		3
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		3
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		(79)
tumorous blood cells mbn2		1
ovary fGS/OSS		3
ovary OSC		21
ovary OSS		16
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to High expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		1
Schneider line 2 Sg4		1
embryonic 1182-4H		0
embryonic GM2		0
embryonic Kc167		17
embryonic S1		111
embryonic S3		0
leg disc CME L1		1
wing disc CME-W2		16
wing disc ML-DmD8		0
wing disc ML-DmD9		3
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		1
wing disc ML-DmD21		0
wing disc ML-DmD32		3
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		29
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		5
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		3
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		3
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		79
tumorous blood cells mbn2		1
ovary fGS/OSS		3
ovary OSC		21
ovary OSS		16
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		1
Schneider line 2 Sg4		1
embryonic 1182-4H		0
embryonic GM2		0
embryonic Kc167		17
embryonic S1		111
embryonic S3		0
leg disc CME L1		1
wing disc CME-W2		16
wing disc ML-DmD8		0
wing disc ML-DmD9		3
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		1
wing disc ML-DmD21		0
wing disc ML-DmD32		3
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		29
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		5
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		3
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		3
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		79
tumorous blood cells mbn2		1
ovary fGS/OSS		3
ovary OSC		21
ovary OSS		16
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high Extremely high

Heatmap
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
Schneider line 2 Sg4
embryonic 1182-4H
embryonic GM2
embryonic Kc167
embryonic S1
embryonic S3
leg disc CME L1
wing disc CME-W2
wing disc ML-DmD8
wing disc ML-DmD9
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
wing disc ML-DmD21
wing disc ML-DmD32
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
tumorous blood cells mbn2
ovary fGS/OSS
ovary OSC
ovary OSS

modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq

modENCODE Treatment Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High expression bin max
	Extremely high expression bin max

[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
	No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
	Very low expression (1 - 3)
	Low expression (4 - 10)
	Moderate expression (11 - 25)
	Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
	High expression (51 - 100)
	Very high expression (101 - 1000)
	Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		54
cold shock, 4-day adult		45
heat shock, 4-day adult		13
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		31
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		261
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		12
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		28
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		16
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		29
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		24
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		7
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		19
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		22
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		28
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		6
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		42
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		16
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		12
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		37
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		14
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		(54)
cold shock, 4-day adult		(45)
heat shock, 4-day adult		13
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		(31)
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		(261)
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		12
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		(28)
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		16
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		(29)
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		24
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		7
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		19
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		22
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		(28)
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		6
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		(42)
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		16
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		12
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		(37)
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		14
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to High expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		54
cold shock, 4-day adult		45
heat shock, 4-day adult		13
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		31
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		(261)
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		12
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		28
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		16
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		29
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		24
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		7
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		19
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		22
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		28
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		6
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		42
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		16
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		12
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		37
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		14
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		54
cold shock, 4-day adult		45
heat shock, 4-day adult		13
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		31
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		261
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		12
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		28
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		16
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		29
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		24
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		7
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		19
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		22
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		28
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		6
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		42
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		16
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		12
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		37
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		14
Expression Level Scale		Extremely high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		54
cold shock, 4-day adult		45
heat shock, 4-day adult		13
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		31
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		261
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		12
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		28
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		16
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		29
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		24
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		7
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		19
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		22
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		28
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		6
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		42
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		16
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		12
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		37
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		14
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		(54)
cold shock, 4-day adult		(45)
heat shock, 4-day adult		13
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		31
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		(261)
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		12
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		28
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		16
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		29
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		24
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		7
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		19
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		22
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		28
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		6
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		(42)
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		16
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		12
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		(37)
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		14
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to High expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		54
cold shock, 4-day adult		45
heat shock, 4-day adult		13
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		31
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		(261)
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		12
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		28
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		16
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		29
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		24
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		7
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		19
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		22
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		28
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		6
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		42
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		16
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		12
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		37
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		14
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		54
cold shock, 4-day adult		45
heat shock, 4-day adult		13
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		31
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		261
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		12
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		28
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		16
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		29
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		24
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		7
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		19
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		22
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		28
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		6
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		42
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		16
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		12
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		37
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		14
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high Extremely high

Heatmap
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
cold shock, 4-day adult
heat shock, 4-day adult
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3

Expression Clusters

A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development.

(The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011)

External Data & Images

Linkouts

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

•

FBgn0003162

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

•

CG9441-RB

Alleles & Phenotypes

Summary of Allele Phenotypes

Lethality

Allele

lethal | embryonic stage | recessive

lethal | recessive

viable

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Pu^GD15739

viable (with Pu¹)

Pu^rv

viable (with Pu^rv)

Pu¹

viable | partially

Pu^rAA4

viable | poor

Pu^rAA4

viable | recessive

Sterility

Allele

sterile (with Pu¹)

Pu^rv

sterile (with Pu^rv)

Pu¹

Other Phenotypes

Allele

body color defective | embryonic stage

Pu^E18A

eye color defective

Pu^Ly

eye color defective | dominant

eye color defective | recessive

visible | dominant

visible | recessive

visible | rescuable maternal effect

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

cephalopharyngeal skeleton

Pu^unspecified

chromatin | embryonic stage 4

Pu^rWE67

cuticle

embryonic/larval dorsal trunk

embryonic/larval tracheal system

extended germ band embryo

Pu^rWE67

eye

Pu^rv

eye (with Pu¹)

Pu^rv

eye (with Pu^rv)

Pu¹

head

macrochaeta

Pu^rv

macrochaeta (with Pu¹)

Pu^rv

macrochaeta (with Pu^rv)

Pu¹

nuclear chromosome | embryonic stage 4

Pu^rWE67

nucleus | embryonic stage 4

Pu^rWE67

pigment cell

pole cell

Pu^rWE67

trident

Pu^rv

trident (with Pu¹)

Pu^rv

trident (with Pu^rv)

Pu¹

wing (with Pu¹)

Pu^rv

wing (with Pu^rv)

Pu¹

Classical Alleles ( 77 )

For All Classical Alleles Show

Allele of Pu	Class	Mutagen	Stocks	Known lesion
Pu²		spontaneous	11	--
Pu¹		X ray	2	--
Pu^e02190		piggyBac transposase	1	--
Pu^EY02616a		P-element activity	1	--
Pu^EY04414		P-element activity	1	--
Pu^f06584		piggyBac transposase	1	--
Pu^r1		spontaneous	1	Yes
Pu^W		X ray	1	Yes
Pu³		X ray	0	--
Pu⁴		X ray	0	--
Pu⁵		X ray	0	--
Pu^AA1			0	--
Pu^BR9		X ray	0	--
Pu^d00157		P-element activity	0	--
Pu^d05684			0	--
Pu^E18A		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^Gr		X ray	0	--
Pu^H16		gamma ray	0	Yes
Pu^IIK		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^IN		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^K5-2		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^K		X ray	0	--
Pu^Ly		gamma ray	0	Yes
Pu^PD16		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^r28			0	--
Pu^r331		spontaneous	0	Yes
Pu^rAA17		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rAA1		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rAA4		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	Yes
Pu^rFAMI-2		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rhd17		P-element activity	0	Yes
Pu^rI9		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rJ35			0	--
Pu^rJE5		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rK8-2	antimorphic allele - genetic evidence	ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rP11		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rP1		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rP21		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rP30		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rP42		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rP43		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rPF12		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rPF7		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rPH30		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	Yes
Pu^rPJ15		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	Yes
Pu^rS47		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rSH8		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rTR1		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rTR3		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rTR5		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rTR7		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rV14		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rV15		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rV3		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rV9		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rv		X ray	0	--
Pu^rW10		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rWE67	antimorphic allele - genetic evidence	ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rWE75	antimorphic allele - genetic evidence	ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rWM1		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rWM2		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rWM3		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rWM4		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rWM5		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rWM6		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rWM7		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rX17		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rX25		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rZ19		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rZ22		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rZ2		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^rZ8		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^S47			0	--
Pu^SHC			0	--
Pu^TR6		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
Pu^unspecified			0	--
Pu^Z22			0	--

Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 6 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Allele of Pu	Mutagen	Stocks	Known lesion
Pu^GD15739	in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion	1	Yes
Pu^HMS02399	in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion	1	Yes
Pu^KK107763	in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion	1	Yes
Pu^KK109230	in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion	1	Yes
Pu^NIG.9441R	in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion	0	Yes
Pu^Scer\UAS.cHa	in vitro construct - regulatory fusion	0	Yes

Aneuploid Aberrations

Disrupted in

Df(2R)AA21

(O'Donnell et al., 1989, Sugaya and Fuyama, 1995)

Df(2R)CC2

(O'Donnell et al., 1989)

Df(2R)Exel6072

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Df(2R)F36

(Mackay et al., 1985, O'Donnell et al., 1989, O'Donnell et al., 1989, McLean et al., 1990)

Df(2R)K11

(O'Donnell et al., 1989)

Df(2R)MP1

(O'Donnell et al., 1989)

Df(2R)PC18

(O'Donnell et al., 1989)

Df(2R)PF1

(O'Donnell et al., 1989, McLean et al., 1990)

Df(2R)PI12

(O'Donnell et al., 1989, McLean et al., 1990)

Df(2R)PK1

(O'Donnell et al., 1989, McLean et al., 1990)

Df(2R)PL3

(O'Donnell et al., 1989)

Df(2R)Pu-D17

(O'Donnell et al., 1989, O'Donnell et al., 1989, Sugaya and Fuyama, 1995)

In(2LR)Pu^Ly

(McLean et al., 1990)

In(2R)Pu^K

(Krivshenko, 1954)

T(2;3)Pu⁵

(Carpenter, 1994)

T(2;3)Pu^W

(McLean et al., 1990)

T(Y;2)Pu⁴

(Carpenter, 1994)

Duplicated in

Ts(YLt;2Lt)JL11

(Mackay et al., 1985)

Ts(YSt;2Rt)L107

(Baker and Rubin, 1992)

Transgenic Constructs & Insertions

Transgenic Constructs

Type of construct

Name

Expression data

UAS construct

reporter construct

Insertions

Type of insertions

Name

Expression data

insertion of mobile activating element

miscellaneous insertions

P{}Pu^r331

PBac{RB}Pu^e02190

PBac{WH}Pu^f06584

Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 13 unique terms )

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 11 terms )

Molecular Function

CV term

Evidence

References

GTP cyclohydrolase I activity

inferred from direct assay

(Reynolds and O'Donnell, 1988, Weisberg and O'Donnell, 1986, Funderburk et al., 2006)

GTP cyclohydrolase I regulator activity

inferred from direct assay

(Funderburk et al., 2006)

Biological Process

CV term

Evidence

References

compound eye pigmentation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Reynolds and O'Donnell, 1988)

cuticle pigmentation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Reynolds and O'Donnell, 1987)

embryonic pattern specification

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Reynolds and O'Donnell, 1987)

larval chitin-based cuticle development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Reynolds and O'Donnell, 1987)

preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Chen et al., 1994)

pteridine biosynthetic process

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Chen et al., 1994)

regulation of epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Hsouna et al., 2007)

regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity

inferred from direct assay

(Funderburk et al., 2006)

Cellular Component

CV term

Evidence

References

cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Chen et al., 1994)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 4 terms )

Molecular Function

CV term

Evidence

References

GTP cyclohydrolase I activity

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P22288

(FlyBase, 1992-)

non-traceable author statement

(Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1996.2.1)

Biological Process

CV term

Evidence

References

pteridine biosynthetic process

inferred by curator from GO:0003934

(Funderburk et al., 2006)

tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthetic process

non-traceable author statement

(Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1996.2.1)

tetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001474, InterPro:IPR018234

(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)

Cellular Component ( 0 terms)

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Interactions & Pathways

Summary of Physical Interactions

protein-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

Pu - B52