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Gene Dmel\qs

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\qs	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	quicksilver	Annotation symbol
Feature type	gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0003186
Gene Model Status	Unannotated	Stock availability	5 publicly available
Also Known As	ftd
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)		Recombination map	1-39.5
Cytogenetic map	10F1-10F7	Sequence location
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene quicksilver is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\qs (FBgn0003186). It is a gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Its molecular function is unknown. The biological processes in which it is involved are not known. 12 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: cephalopharyngeal skeleton; cuticle; puparium; denticle belt. It has no annotated transcripts. Gene has not been localized to the genome sequence.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	qs: quicksilver Recessive embryonic lethal; denticles and mouthparts unpigmented; cell viable in gynandromorphs causing depigmentation of cuticle, including chaetae; viability reduced owing to weakened cuticle. Used as marker in the analysis of mosaic embryos (Gergen and Wieschaus, 1985, Dev. Biol. 109: 321-35). qs1, qs2, and qs3 hypomorphic in that expression varies with temperature and nutrition; some survival when reared on enriched medium; survivors smaller than normal and incompletely pigmented with a yellowish tinge; some extremely pale with bristles with very little pigmentation and with wings that when expanded are glassy clear and very fragile. The extremely pale qs2/Y never exhibit melanotic wound reaction, and puparia underpigmented. qs embryos derived from homozygous germ-line clones do not hatch and exhibit head defects and abnormalities of germ-band shortening; heterozygous embryos from such clones exhibit 75% survival; homozygous clones behave as meiotic mutant yielding 8% patroclinous males (Wieschaus and Noel, 1986, Wilhelm Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 195: 63-73). Phenol oxidase activity of any surviving qs flies significantly depressed, in some cases being undetectable; all three components, A1, A2, and A3, coordinately reduced; activator activity normal. Phenol oxidase deficiency leads to significant accumulations of catecholamine pools in qs2 males 60 to 80 min after eclosion: three-to-eight-fold increases in N-β-alanyldopamine and N-acetyldopamine and two-fold increases in dopamine (Pentz, Black, and Wright).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 10F1-10F7   Left limit from inclusion within Df(1)RA47 (FBrf0040717) Right limit from inclusion within Df(1)HA85 (FBrf0040178)
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	1-39.5   1-36 (Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987) 1-39 (Craymer, 1984)
Left of (cM)	g (Craymer, 1984)
Right of (cM)	v (Craymer, 1984)
Notes	Mapping based on qs2.
Gene Model & Products
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa)
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
Expression Clusters
External Data & Images
Linkouts
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal qs1 lethal | embryonic stage qs3 qs4 qs5 qs6 qs7 qs8 qs9 lethal | embryonic stage | recessive qs1 qs3 qsEH497 qsftd-IV8 lethal | male qsunspecified lethal | recessive qs1 qs2 partially lethal - majority live | female | recessive qs2 viable | cold sensitive qs2 viable | male qs2 Phenotype manifest in Allele adult cuticle | male qs2 cephalopharyngeal skeleton qsEH497 qsftd-IV8 cuticle qs1 denticle belt qsEH497 qsftd-IV8 macrochaeta | male qs2 mouthpart | larval stage qs1 puparium qs2
Classical Alleles ( 12 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of qs Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion qs1 ethyl nitrosourea 2 Yes qs2 ethyl methanesulfonate 2 -- qs8 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 -- qs3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes qs4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- qs5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- qs6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- qs7 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- qs9 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- qsEH497 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- qsftd-IV8 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- qsunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 0 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of qs Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(1)HA85 (Wieschaus et al., 1984, Harbecke and Lengyel, 1995) Df(1)RA47 (Wieschaus et al., 1984, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)
Duplicated in	Dp(1;2)v+65b (Wieschaus et al., 1984, Eberl and Hilliker, 1988, Craymer, 1984) Dp(1;3)v+74c (Eberl and Hilliker, 1988) Dp(1;Y)BSC1 (Gornek et al., 2000.2.4, Cook et al., 2010) Dp(1;Y)BSC2 (Gornek et al., 2000.2.4, Cook et al., 2010)
Not disrupted in	Df(1)HC133 (Wieschaus et al., 1984)
Not duplicated in	Dp(1;2)v+63i (Eberl and Hilliker, 1988) Dp(1;2)v+75d (Eberl and Hilliker, 1988)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 0 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 terms )
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 0 terms )
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions qs allele Gene References qs2 b (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1986)
External Data
Linkouts	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003186
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (0) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Dipteran inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Insect inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Arthropod inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Metazoa inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (None identified)
No orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (None identified)
No non-Drosophilid orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (None identified)
No non-Dipteran orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (None identified)
No non-Insect Arthropod orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (None identified)
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Human Orthologs (0)
Gene OMIM HGNC
AAA Orthologs (0) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
No orthologs identified
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 5 )
Bloomington	4348 qs2/FM6 3292 y1 qs8/FM7c 1225 qs1; Dp(1;2)v+65b/CyO
Kyoto	107698 qs2/FM6 101097 FM6, y31d sc8 dm1 B1 / qs1
Genomic Clones ( 0 )
cDNA Clones ( 0 )
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 45350
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
	A screen for X-linked genes that affect embryo morphology revealed qs. (Eberl and Hilliker, 1988) qs mutants display unpigmented larvae. (Wieschaus et al., 1984) Recessive embryonic lethal; denticles and mouthparts unpigmented; cell viable in gynandromorphs causing depigmentation of cuticle, including chaetae; viability reduced owing to weakened cuticle. Used as marker in the analysis of mosaic embryos (Gergen and Wieschaus, 1985). qs1, qs2, and qs3 hypomorphic in that expression varies with temperature and nutrition; some survival when reared on enriched medium; survivors smaller than normal and incompletely pigmented with a yellowish tinge; some extremely pale with bristles with very little pigmentation and with wings that when expanded are glassy clear and very fragile. The extremely pale qs2/Y never exhibit melanotic wound reaction and puparia underpigmented. qs embryos derived from homozygous germ-line clones do not hatch and exhibit head defects and abnormalities of germ-band shortening; heterozygous embryos from such clones exhibit 75% survival; homozygous clones behave as meiotic mutant yielding 8% patroclinous males (Wieschaus and Noell, 1986). Phenol oxidase activity of any surviving qs flies significantly depressed, in some cases being undetectable; all three components, A1, A2 and A3, coordinately reduced; activator activity normal. Phenol oxidase deficiency leads to significant accumulations of catecholamine pools in qs2 males 60 to 80 min after eclosion: three-to-eight-fold increases in N-β-alanyldopamine and N-acetyldopamine and two-fold increases in dopamine (Pentz, Black and Wright, 1990).
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
Other Crossreferences
Linkouts
	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003186 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 45350
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 7 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	ftd (Martinez Arias, 1993, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, Gergen and Wieschaus, 1985, Wieschaus et al., 1984, ) l(1)10Fl   qs (Anaka et al., 2008, Wright, 1987, Cook et al., 2010) su(b) (The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna) su(b)18 (Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1986, )
Name Synonym	faintoid   quicksilver (Wright, 1987)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 20 )
Research paper	Cook et al., 2010, Genetics 186(4): 1095--1109 A new resource for characterizing X-linked genes in Drosophila melanogaster: systematic coverage and subdivision of the X chromosome with nested, Y-linked duplications. [FBrf0212582] Anaka et al., 2008, J. Neurogenet. 22(4): 243--276 The white gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes a protein with a role in courtship behavior. [FBrf0207087] Lammel and Saumweber, 2000, Dev. Genes Evol. 210(11): 525--535 X-linked loci of Drosophila melanogaster causing defects in the morphology of the embryonic salivary glands. [FBrf0134551] Harbecke and Lengyel, 1995, Rouxs Arch. Dev. Biol. 204(5): 308--329 Genes controlling posterior gut development in the Drosophila embryo. [FBrf0082073] Pentz et al., 1990, Biochem. Genet. 28(3/4): 151--171 Mutations affecting phenol oxidase activity in Drosophila: quicksilver and tyrosinase-1. [FBrf0051216] Eberl and Hilliker, 1988, Genetics 118: 109--120 Characterization of X-linked recessive lethal mutations affecting embryonic morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0048191] Alexandrov and Alexandrova, 1986, D. I. S. 63: 159--161 Report of new mutants. [FBrf0044054] Wieschaus and Noell, 1986, Rouxs Arch. Dev. Biol. 195(1): 63--73 Specificity of embryonic lethal mutations in Drosophila analyzed in germ line clones. [FBrf0045374] Gergen and Wieschaus, 1985, Dev. Biol. 109: 321--335 The localized requirements for a gene affecting segmentation in Drosophila: Analysis of larvae mosaic for runt. [FBrf0042365] Craymer, 1984, D. I. S. 60: 234--236 [New mutants report.] [FBrf0063387] Wieschaus et al., 1984, Rouxs Arch. Dev. Biol. 193: 296--307 Mutations affecting the pattern of the larval cuticle in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0040178] Wieschaus et al., 1984, Dev. Biol. 104: 172--186 Kruppel, a gene whose activity is required early in the zygotic genome for normal embryonic segmentation. [FBrf0040717] Sherald, 1981, Mol. Gen. Genet. 183: 102--106 Intergenic suppression of the black mutation of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0037053]
Review	Martinez Arias, 1993, Bate, Martinez Arias, 1993: 517--608 Development and patterning of the larval epidermis of Drosophila. [FBrf0064786] Wright, 1987, Adv. Genet. 24: 127--222 The genetics of biogenic amine metabolism, sclerotization, and melanization in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0045547]
Personal communication to FlyBase	Gornek et al., 2000.2.4, Dp(1;Y)s for the 10C to 11D Region. Dp(1;Y)s for the 10C to 11D Region. [FBrf0125111]
Abstract	Peyre and Aigaki, 2001, A. Dros. Res. Conf. 42: 59 Molecular and genetic analyses of Sex-Peptide action in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0133666]
Stock list	The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna, Russia, 1997, D. I. S. 80: 109--130 Stock list. [FBrf0098381] Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, D. I. S. 66: 209--269 Tubingen mutants and stock list. [FBrf0045941]
Book	Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, The Genome of Drosophila melanogaster. The Genome of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0066905]