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Gene Dmel\rec

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\rec	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	recombination-defective	Annotation symbol	CG31293
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0003227
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	6 publicly available
Also Known As	MCM8
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3R	Recombination map	3-57.0--58.2
Cytogenetic map	89A5-89A5	Sequence location	3R:11,648,741..11,658,354 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene recombination-defective is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\rec (CG31293, FBgn0003227). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Based on sequence similarity, it is predicted to have molecular function: ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: reciprocal meiotic recombination. 9 alleles are reported. No phenotypic data is available. It has 2 annotated transcripts and 2 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Mini-chromosome maintenance, DNA-dependent ATPase; Nucleic acid-binding, OB-fold. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderate expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult eye, adult male accessory gland. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1625964_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of rec. Gene sequence location is 3R:11648741..11658354.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	rec: recombination defective (R.F. Grell) Recombination in homozygous females drastically reduced; total cross over between y and f in the X chromosome reduced from 56% to 2% with distal recombination being more severely affected than proximal. X nondisjunction increased from virtually 0 to 27%. In rec1/rec2, females show a similar reduction for ten regions between al and sp, where crossing over decreases to 9.1%, corresponding to 9% of normal. The number of progeny per homozygous female is reduced 75%; attributed to lethality of nondisjunctional products arising from distributive pairing between noncrossover heterologues. Phenotype of rec/+ is the same as wild-type; rec1 and rec2 homozygotes and hemizygotes have equivalent effects on recombination. rec3 At 17 recombination in rec3/+, rec3/rec3, and rec3/Df(3R)sbd105 is elevated. At 25, the homozygote and the heterozygote display normal values, but recombination in the hemizygote is significantly reduced. At 31, rec3/+ remains normal but rec3/rec3 recombination is drastically reduced. The hemizygote is sterile above 28. In rec2/rec3 females which show the most extreme temperature responses, application of the restrictive temperature at sequential days during development at 25 shows control value activity to be reduced only with treatment on days six and seven, and more precisely during a 36-hour period beginning at the time of pro-oocyte formation between 126 and 132 hours and terminating at 162 hours. This 36-hour period coincides with the boundaries of the S period as well as those of the heat-sensitive period for enhancing recombination in the normal genotype [Grell and Day, 1974, Mechanisms in Recombination (R. F. Grell, ed.). Plenum Press, New York and London, pp. 327-49]. Activity of the rec gene product in the range of 17 to 31 shows a sharp decline between 28 and 31 typical of a protein denaturation curve. If denaturation of a rec protein by the restrictive temperature marks its active phase, then recombination must terminate at the end of S, when the restrictive temperature becomes ineffective. Electron microscopy of serially sectioned oocyte nuclei from rec2/rec3 females maintained at the restrictive or at the permissive temperature reveals synaptonemal complexes indistinguishable in length and fine structure, implicating recombination and not synapsis as the target of the rec gene product.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 89A5-89A5   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)0653606536 and P{PZ}blp01618
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3-57.0--58.2
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\rec for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.45 Gene model reviewed during 5.47 Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) rec-RA FBtr0083193  NM_169674   4131   885 rec-RB FBtr0334595  NM_001275686   2872   885
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein rec-PA   FBpp0082647   97.6   885   7.68     NP_732072   AAF55231 rec-PB   FBpp0306662   97.6   885   7.68     NP_001262615   AGB95995
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Mini-chromosome maintenance, DNA-dependent ATPase (IPR001208) Nucleic acid-binding, OB-fold (IPR012340) P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase (IPR027417)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA803491   AE014297 AAF55231   AB120941 BAC92698   AB120942 BAC92699   AB120943 BAC92700   AB120944 BAC92701   AB120945 BAC92702   AB120946 BAC92703   AB120947 BAC92704   AB120948 BAC92705   AB120949 BAC92706   AB120950 BAC92707   AB120951 BAC92708   AB120952 BAC92709   AB120953 BAC92710   AE014297 AGB95995   AI518956   BI352324   BT011137   CO177525   CO338567   EC230063   EC254430   GH835312
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	Q9VF30
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male   spermatozoon   (Wasbrough et al., 2010)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult eye, adult male accessory gland. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    54.375 Larval Midgut    4.1 Larval Hindgut    8.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    8.3 Larval Fat Body    8.2 Larval Salivary Gland    5.7 Larval Trachea    15.625 Larval Carcass    10.675 Adult Head    47 Adult Eye    174.775 Adult Brain    69.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    95 Adult Crop    14.9 Adult Midgut    4.7 Adult Hindgut    25.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.3 Adult Fat Body    10.5 Adult Salivary Gland    12.4 Adult Heart    7.825 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    14.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    12.6 Adult Ovary    58.9 Adult Testis    6.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    270.1 Adult Carcass    13.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    54.375 Larval Midgut    4.1 Larval Hindgut    8.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    8.3 Larval Fat Body    8.2 Larval Salivary Gland    5.7 Larval Trachea    15.625 Larval Carcass    10.675 Adult Head    47 Adult Eye    174.775 Adult Brain    69.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    95 Adult Crop    14.9 Adult Midgut    4.7 Adult Hindgut    25.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.3 Adult Fat Body    10.5 Adult Salivary Gland    12.4 Adult Heart    7.825 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    14.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    12.6 Adult Ovary    58.9 Adult Testis    6.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    270.1 Adult Carcass    13.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    54.375 Larval Midgut    4.1 Larval Hindgut    8.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    8.3 Larval Fat Body    8.2 Larval Salivary Gland    5.7 Larval Trachea    15.625 Larval Carcass    10.675 Adult Head    47 Adult Eye    174.775 Adult Brain    69.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    95 Adult Crop    14.9 Adult Midgut    4.7 Adult Hindgut    25.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.3 Adult Fat Body    10.5 Adult Salivary Gland    12.4 Adult Heart    7.825 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    14.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    12.6 Adult Ovary    58.9 Adult Testis    6.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    270.1 Adult Carcass    13.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    54.375 Larval Midgut    4.1 Larval Hindgut    8.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    8.3 Larval Fat Body    8.2 Larval Salivary Gland    5.7 Larval Trachea    15.625 Larval Carcass    10.675 Adult Head    47 Adult Eye    174.775 Adult Brain    69.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    95 Adult Crop    14.9 Adult Midgut    4.7 Adult Hindgut    25.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.3 Adult Fat Body    10.5 Adult Salivary Gland    12.4 Adult Heart    7.825 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    14.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    12.6 Adult Ovary    58.9 Adult Testis    6.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    270.1 Adult Carcass    13.5 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    54.375 Larval Midgut    4.1 Larval Hindgut    8.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    8.3 Larval Fat Body    8.2 Larval Salivary Gland    5.7 Larval Trachea    15.625 Larval Carcass    10.675 Adult Head    47 Adult Eye    174.775 Adult Brain    69.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    95 Adult Crop    14.9 Adult Midgut    4.7 Adult Hindgut    25.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.3 Adult Fat Body    10.5 Adult Salivary Gland    12.4 Adult Heart    7.825 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    14.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    12.6 Adult Ovary    58.9 Adult Testis    6.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    270.1 Adult Carcass    13.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    54.375 Larval Midgut    4.1 Larval Hindgut    8.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    8.3 Larval Fat Body    8.2 Larval Salivary Gland    5.7 Larval Trachea    15.625 Larval Carcass    10.675 Adult Head    47 Adult Eye    174.775 Adult Brain    69.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    95 Adult Crop    14.9 Adult Midgut    4.7 Adult Hindgut    25.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.3 Adult Fat Body    10.5 Adult Salivary Gland    12.4 Adult Heart    7.825 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    14.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    12.6 Adult Ovary    58.9 Adult Testis    6.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    270.1 Adult Carcass    13.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    54.375 Larval Midgut    4.1 Larval Hindgut    8.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    8.3 Larval Fat Body    8.2 Larval Salivary Gland    5.7 Larval Trachea    15.625 Larval Carcass    10.675 Adult Head    47 Adult Eye    174.775 Adult Brain    69.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    95 Adult Crop    14.9 Adult Midgut    4.7 Adult Hindgut    25.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.3 Adult Fat Body    10.5 Adult Salivary Gland    12.4 Adult Heart    7.825 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    14.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    12.6 Adult Ovary    58.9 Adult Testis    6.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    270.1 Adult Carcass    13.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    54.375 Larval Midgut    4.1 Larval Hindgut    8.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    8.3 Larval Fat Body    8.2 Larval Salivary Gland    5.7 Larval Trachea    15.625 Larval Carcass    10.675 Adult Head    47 Adult Eye    174.775 Adult Brain    69.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    95 Adult Crop    14.9 Adult Midgut    4.7 Adult Hindgut    25.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.3 Adult Fat Body    10.5 Adult Salivary Gland    12.4 Adult Heart    7.825 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    14.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    12.6 Adult Ovary    58.9 Adult Testis    6.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    270.1 Adult Carcass    13.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    47   NA  Eye    174.775   NA  Brain    69.3   54.375  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    95   NA  Crop    14.9   4.1  Midgut    4.7   8.5  Hindgut    25.6   8.3  Malpighian Tubules    5.3   8.2  Fat Body    10.5   5.7  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    7.825   15.625  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    14.8   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    12.6   NA  Ovary    58.9   NA  Testis    6.8   NA  Male Accessory Gland    270.1   10.675  Carcass    no informative data FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    0 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    0 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    0 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    0 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    0 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    0 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    0 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    0 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderate expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    3 embryo 08-10hr    2 embryo 10-12hr    2 embryo 12-14hr    1 embryo 14-16hr    1 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    0 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    0 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    3 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    3 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    3 embryo 08-10hr    2 embryo 10-12hr    2 embryo 12-14hr    1 embryo 14-16hr    1 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    0 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    0 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    3 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    3 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    3 embryo 08-10hr    2 embryo 10-12hr    2 embryo 12-14hr    1 embryo 14-16hr    1 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    0 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    0 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    3 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    3 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    3 embryo 08-10hr    2 embryo 10-12hr    2 embryo 12-14hr    1 embryo 14-16hr    1 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    0 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    0 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    3 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    3 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    5 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    3 embryo 08-10hr    2 embryo 10-12hr    2 embryo 12-14hr    1 embryo 14-16hr    1 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    0 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    0 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    3 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    3 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    3 embryo 08-10hr    2 embryo 10-12hr    2 embryo 12-14hr    1 embryo 14-16hr    1 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    0 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    0 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    3 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    3 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    3 embryo 08-10hr    2 embryo 10-12hr    2 embryo 12-14hr    1 embryo 14-16hr    1 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    0 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    0 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    3 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    3 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    3 embryo 08-10hr    2 embryo 10-12hr    2 embryo 12-14hr    1 embryo 14-16hr    1 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    0 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    0 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    3 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    3 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    5 Schneider line 2 Sg4    4 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    2 embryonic Kc167    3 embryonic S1    4 embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1    2 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    3 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    1 wing disc ML-DmD21    4 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    5 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    2 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    4 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    2 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    2 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    2 tumorous blood cells mbn2    3 ovary fGS/OSS    5 ovary OSC    2 ovary OSS    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    5 Schneider line 2 Sg4    4 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    2 embryonic Kc167    3 embryonic S1    4 embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1    2 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    3 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    1 wing disc ML-DmD21    4 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    5 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    2 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    4 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    2 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    2 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    2 tumorous blood cells mbn2    3 ovary fGS/OSS    5 ovary OSC    2 ovary OSS    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    5 Schneider line 2 Sg4    4 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    2 embryonic Kc167    3 embryonic S1    4 embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1    2 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    3 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    1 wing disc ML-DmD21    4 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    5 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    2 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    4 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    2 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    2 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    2 tumorous blood cells mbn2    3 ovary fGS/OSS    5 ovary OSC    2 ovary OSS    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    5 Schneider line 2 Sg4    4 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    2 embryonic Kc167    3 embryonic S1    4 embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1    2 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    3 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    1 wing disc ML-DmD21    4 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    5 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    2 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    4 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    2 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    2 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    2 tumorous blood cells mbn2    3 ovary fGS/OSS    5 ovary OSC    2 ovary OSS    2 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    5 Schneider line 2 Sg4    4 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    2 embryonic Kc167    3 embryonic S1    4 embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1    2 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    3 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    1 wing disc ML-DmD21    4 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    5 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    2 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    4 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    2 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    2 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    2 tumorous blood cells mbn2    3 ovary fGS/OSS    5 ovary OSC    2 ovary OSS    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    5 Schneider line 2 Sg4    4 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    2 embryonic Kc167    3 embryonic S1    4 embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1    2 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    3 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    1 wing disc ML-DmD21    4 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    5 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    2 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    4 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    2 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    2 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    2 tumorous blood cells mbn2    3 ovary fGS/OSS    5 ovary OSC    2 ovary OSS    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    5 Schneider line 2 Sg4    4 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    2 embryonic Kc167    3 embryonic S1    4 embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1    2 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    3 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    1 wing disc ML-DmD21    4 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    5 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    2 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    4 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    2 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    2 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    2 tumorous blood cells mbn2    3 ovary fGS/OSS    5 ovary OSC    2 ovary OSS    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    5 Schneider line 2 Sg4    4 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    2 embryonic Kc167    3 embryonic S1    4 embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1    2 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    3 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    1 wing disc ML-DmD21    4 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    5 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    2 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    4 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    2 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    2 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    2 tumorous blood cells mbn2    3 ovary fGS/OSS    5 ovary OSC    2 ovary OSS    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    0 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    0 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    0 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    0 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    0 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    0 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    0 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    0 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_06 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_07
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003227 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG31293-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 recGD10220 Sterility Allele sterile | heat sensitive rec3 Phenotype manifest in Allele
Classical Alleles ( 8 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of rec Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion rec1 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes rec2 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes recC252 1 -- recMB00179 1 -- rec3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- rec4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes rec5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes recunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 1 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of rec Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion recGD10220 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3R)160R5 (Matsubayashi and Yamamoto, 1998) Df(3R)160R34 (Matsubayashi and Yamamoto, 1998) Df(3R)160R104 (Matsubayashi and Yamamoto, 1998) Df(3R)c(3)G-2 (Matsubayashi and Yamamoto, 1998, Nelson and Szauter, 1992) Df(3R)Exel6175 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(3R)Exel8162 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(3R)Po2 (Matsubayashi and Yamamoto, 1998, Nelson and Szauter, 1992) Df(3R)Po3 (Nelson and Szauter, 1992) Df(3R)Po4 (Nelson and Szauter, 1992) Df(3R)R24 (Matsubayashi and Yamamoto, 1998) Df(3R)R44 (Matsubayashi and Yamamoto, 1998) Df(3R)sbd105 (Nelson and Szauter, 1992, Lewis, 1948)
Not disrupted in	Df(3R)160R8 (Matsubayashi and Yamamoto, 1998) Df(3R)160R32 (Matsubayashi and Yamamoto, 1998) Df(3R)167R11 (Matsubayashi and Yamamoto, 1998) Df(3R)167R17 (Matsubayashi and Yamamoto, 1998) Df(3R)167R37 (Matsubayashi and Yamamoto, 1998) Df(3R)sbd26 (Nelson and Szauter, 1992) Df(3R)sbd45 (Nelson and Szauter, 1992, Grell, 1984)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD10220} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions PBac{3HPy+}recC252 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system Mi{ET1}CG4576MB00179 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 7 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 term )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
reciprocal meiotic recombination inferred from mutant phenotype (Blanton and Sekelsky, 2002, Blanton et al., 2005) inferred from mutant phenotype (assigned by UniProtKB) (Matsubayashi and Yamamoto, 2003)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 7 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
ATP binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001208 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9UJA3 (FlyBase, 1992-) DNA binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001208 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
DNA replication inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9UJA3 (FlyBase, 1992-) reciprocal meiotic recombination non-traceable author statement (Matsubayashi, 2003.9.24)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
pre-replicative complex inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9UJA3 (FlyBase, 1992-) replication fork inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9UJA3 (FlyBase, 1992-)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions rec allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 72108 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003227 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 49241
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (16) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6256C5 Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG66HGJR Insect inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Arthropod inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Metazoa inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6256C5)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\rec     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD20327 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM25753 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG20366 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE26359 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF16479 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA16155 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL22175 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK14480     Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK14479 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ10914 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI24096 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH18286 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG66HGJR)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL004200   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP002580   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ005091
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (None identified)
No non-Dipteran orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (None identified)
No non-Insect Arthropod orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (None identified)
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Human Orthologs (0)
Gene OMIM HGNC
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD20327 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM25753 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG20366 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE26359 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF16479 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA16155 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL22175 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK14479 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ10914 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI24096 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH18286
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 6 )
Bloomington	16318 y1 w1118; PBac{3HPy+}recC252 22721 y1 w67c23; Mi{ET1}CG4576MB00179 recMB00179 1105 y2 cv1 v1 f1; rec2 Ubxbx-34e/T(2;3)apXa, apXa 1064 T(2;3)apXa, al1 dpps1 cl1 fy2 NimA676 apXa/al1 dpps1 cl1 fy2 NimA676; rec1 Ubxbx-34e
VDRC	v21312 w1118; P{GD10220}v21312 v21314 w1118; P{GD10220}v21314
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR06B08 BACR48G17 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 7 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GM13293
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GM18812
Other clones	214501.3 CK01.66A.A8 EK053736 EN17109 RP003442703
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003227 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 49241
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Kohl et al., 2012)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: rec CG4828 (Blanton and Sekelsky, 2002) Source for merge of: rec CG14875 (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)
Additional comments	Annotations CG14875 and CG4828 merged as CG31293 in release 3 of the genome annotation. (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003) Not allelic to c(3)G, since rec and c(3)G fully complement, also unlike c(3)G, rec has no discernible effect on the synaptonemal complex.
Other Comments
	Recombination in homozygous females drastically reduced; total cross over between y and f in the X chromosome reduced from 56% to 2% with distal recombination being more severely affected than proximal. X nondisjunction increased from virtually 0 to 27%. In rec1/rec2, females show a similar reduction for ten regions between al and sp, where crossing over decreases to 9.1%, corresponding to 9% of normal. The number of progeny per homozygous female is reduced 75%; attributed to lethality of nondisjunctional products arising from distributive pairing between noncrossover heterologues. Phenotype of rec/+ is the same as wild-type; rec1 and rec2 homozygotes and hemizygotes have equivalent effects on recombination.
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_169674 NM_001275686 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_732072 NP_001262615 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA803491 AAF55231 AB120941 AB120942 AB120943 AB120944 AB120945 AB120946 AB120947 AB120948 AB120949 AB120950 AB120951 AB120952 AB120953 AGB95995 AI518956 BAC92698 BAC92699 BAC92700 BAC92701 BAC92702 BAC92703 BAC92704 BAC92705 BAC92706 BAC92707 BAC92708 BAC92709 BAC92710 BI352324 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 49241 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • Q9VF30
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Mini-chromosome maintenance, DNA-dependent ATPase (IPR001208) Nucleic acid-binding, OB-fold (IPR012340) P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase (IPR027417)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 72108 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003227 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003227 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003227 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG31293-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0003227 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 49241 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 49241 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0003227
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 10 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG4828   CG14875   CG31293 (Blanton and Sekelsky, 2003, Blanton et al., 2005) MCM8 (Crevel et al., 2007, Blanton et al., 2005) rec (Tanneti et al., 2008, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, Blanton et al., 2005, Haerty et al., 2007, Joyce and McKim, 2009, Page et al., 2007, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Thomas et al., 2012) rec1   rec-1
Name Synonym	mini-chromosome maintenance 8 (Blanton et al., 2005) recombination-defective (Page et al., 2007) recombination defective (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, Blanton et al., 2005)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0038367 FBgn0040563 FBgn0051293
References ( 45 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 45 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 19 ) Supplementary material  ( 5 ) Review  ( 2 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 6 ) Abstract  ( 6 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) Book  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 )
Recent research papers ( 4 )
	Joyce et al., 2012, Genetics 191(3): 739--746 Multiple barriers to nonhomologous DNA end joining during meiosis in Drosophila. [FBrf0218878] Kohl et al., 2012, Science 338(6112): 1363--1365 Evolution of an MCM complex in flies that promotes meiotic crossovers by blocking BLM helicase. [FBrf0220159] Krauchunas et al., 2012, Dev. Biol. 370(1): 125--134 Protein phosphorylation changes reveal new candidates in the regulation of egg activation and early embryogenesis in D. melanogaster. [FBrf0219342] Thomas et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(7): e40276 A Versatile Method for Cell-Specific Profiling of Translated mRNAs in Drosophila. [FBrf0218903] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...