FB2025_02 , released April 17, 2025
Gene: Dmel\rk
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\rk
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
rickets
Annotation Symbol
CG8930
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0003255
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
rickets (rk) encodes a G-protein coupled receptor that signals intracellularly using the second messenger cAMP. It binds the heterodimeric hormone bursicon and is developmentally important for molting-related behaviors. It is also required after adult emergence for cuticle hardening and melanization. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

DLGR2, lgr2, DLGR-2, BG:DS00180.13

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-50
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:13982743..14001248
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (15 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Biological Process (9 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from direct assay
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in membrane
inferred from sequence model
is_active_in plasma membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000689980
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
rickets (rk) encodes a G-protein coupled receptor that signals intracellularly using the second messenger cAMP. It binds the heterodimeric hormone bursicon and is developmentally important for molting-related behaviors. It is also required after adult emergence for cuticle hardening and melanization. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
CLASS A GPCR NEUROPEPTIDE AND PROTEIN HORMONE RECEPTORS -
The majority of neuropeptide/protein hormone GPCR belong to the Class A family of GPCRs. The secreted ligands for this subfamily include neuropeptides, peptide hormones and protein hormones. (Adapted from FBrf0195077).
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
rk: rickets (M. Ashburner)
Strong alleles have legs, especially metathoracic ones, flattened and bent. Femora and tibiae bowed in middle; first two tarsal joints shortened, bent, and flattened; last three tarsal joints almost fused. Wings unexpanded, resembling those of pu. Posterior scutellar bristles erect and crossed. Viability may be reduced. Weak alleles do not show the leg phenotype, or they overlap wild type; may have partially expanded wings and normal posterior scutellar bristles. Even strong alleles more extreme when hemizygous with rk deficiencies.
rk4
Wings unexpanded, spread, and drooping. Posterior legs malformed. Both sexes fully viable and fertile. rk4 male mates with wild-type female only if wings removed from female. Viability 60% of wild type.
rk5
Wings sometimes fully expanded and held out.
rk6
Legs weak, wings unexpanded. Viability higher at higher temperature.
rkcyl
Abdomen cylindrical; terminal segments thickened; halteres small and melanotic; legs like those of bal, but less deformed. Viability low but fertility good.
Summary (Interactive Fly)

G-protein coupled receptor expressed in the CNS and muscle - required for wing expansion, cuticle hardening and melanization

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\rk for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q7KTA0)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0080610
5386
1360
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

5.5 (northern blot)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0080183
150.8
1360
8.52
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\rk using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.76

Transcript Expression
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

rk transcripts are detected in pupae and in embryos, but not in larvae or adults.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\rk in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 41 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 15 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of rk
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of rk
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 137 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 137 )
Gene disrupted in
Gene not disrupted in
Gene not duplicated in
Gene partially disrupted in
Inferred from location ( 8 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Sterility
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (138)
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2  
2 of 14
No
No
1  
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
2  
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
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No
1 of 14
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Yes
1  
1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1  
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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2  
1 of 14
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1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
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1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
2  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1  
1 of 14
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No
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No
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No
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
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No
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No
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1 of 14
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2  
1 of 14
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2  
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No
1  
1 of 14
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
1 of 14
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1  
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Yes
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1  
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1  
1 of 14
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1  
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (96)
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
9 of 14
No
Yes
8 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
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No
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
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1 of 14
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No
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
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1 of 14
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1 of 14
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1 of 14
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1 of 14
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1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (92)
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
8 of 14
No
Yes
8 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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1 of 14
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Yes
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Yes
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1 of 14
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No
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (113)
6 of 13
Yes
Yes
3 of 13
No
Yes
2 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
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No
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Yes
1 of 13
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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No
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Yes
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1 of 13
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Yes
1 of 13
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No
1 of 13
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Yes
1 of 13
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Yes
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Yes
1 of 13
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1 of 13
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No
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No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (136)
8 of 14
Yes
Yes
7 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
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No
No
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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No
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No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
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Yes
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Yes
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Yes
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No
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No
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No
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No
1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
No
No
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No
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No
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No
1 of 14
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Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
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No
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No
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No
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No
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
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No
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (32)
2 of 14
Yes
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (130)
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
2 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
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No
No
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No
No
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No
No
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No
No
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No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (27)
1 of 13
Yes
No
1 of 13
Yes
No
1 of 13
Yes
No
1 of 13
Yes
No
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
Yes
No
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
Yes
No
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
Yes
No
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
Yes
No
1 of 13
Yes
No
1 of 13
Yes
No
1 of 13
Yes
No
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
Yes
No
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
Yes
No
1 of 13
Yes
No
1 of 13
Yes
No
1 of 13
Yes
No
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
Yes
No
1 of 13
Yes
No
1 of 13
Yes
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
1 of 13
Yes
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
1 of 12
Yes
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:rk. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (68)
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Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers

    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    2L
    Recombination map
    2-50
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    34E5-34E6
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Sosk05224&P{lacW}RpII33k05605 and P{lacW}l(2)34Fak00811&P{PZ}wb09437
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (35)
    Genomic Clones (25)
    cDNA Clones (6)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments

          The rk receptor and its signal Burs appear to be involved in intercellular communication within the border follicle cell cluster itself during border cell migration, as the Burs signal is only required in the border cells.

          rk is necessary for the death and resorption of wing blade cells after eclosion.

          Strong alleles have legs, especially metathoracic ones, flattened and bent. Femora and tibiae bowed in middle; first two tarsal joints shortened, bent and flattened; last three tarsal joints almost fused. Wings unexpanded, resembling those of pu. Posterior scutellar bristles erect and crossed. Viability may be reduced. Weak alleles do not show the leg phenotype, or they overlap wild type; may have partially expanded wings and normal posterior scutellar bristles. Even strong alleles more extreme when hemizygous with rk deficiencies.

          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of
          Additional comments

          Source for identity of glycoprotein-hormone-receptor-II CG8930 was sequence comparison ( date:000504 ).

          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of

          Source for identity of: rk CG8930

          Source for identity of: glycoprotein-hormone-receptor-II CG8930

          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (22)
          Reported As
          Symbol Synonym
          Secondary FlyBase IDs
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            Study result (0)
            Result
            Result Type
            Title
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 44 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
            UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
            BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
            FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
            Linkouts
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
            Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
            iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
            Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
            KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
            References (164)