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Gene Dmel\rl

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\rl	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	rolled	Annotation symbol	CG12559
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0003256
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	14 publicly available
Also Known As	MAPK, ERK, dpERK, dERK, ERKA, ERK-A, dpMAPK, Sem, DmERK-A, dp-ERK
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2RHet	Recombination map	2-55.1
Cytogenetic map	h41-h41	Sequence location	2RHet:198,176..247,809 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene rolled is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\rl (CG12559, FBgn0003256). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: transcription factor binding; JUN kinase activity; protein kinase binding. There is experimental evidence for 14 unique biological process terms, many of which group under: biological regulation; response to chemical stimulus; anatomical structure development; cellular component organization or biogenesis; cellular response to inorganic substance; post-embryonic appendage morphogenesis; cellular response to stimulus; regulation of biological process; response to stress; post-embryonic organ morphogenesis. 101 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system subdivision; external compound sense organ; adult segment; peripheral nervous system; nervous system; adult mesothoracic segment; eo support cell; rhabdomere; embryonic segment; primordium; imaginal precursor; adult cuticle. It has 6 annotated transcripts and 6 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: ERK1/2 MAP kinase; MAP kinase, conserved site; Protein kinase, ATP binding site; Protein kinase, catalytic domain; Protein kinase-like domain; Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site; Serine/threonine-protein kinase, catalytic domain; Serine/threonine-protein kinase-like domain. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-18 hour embryonic stages, during late larval stages, during early pupal stages, in adult female stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: No FlyAtlas data available because no Affy2 ProbeSet aligns to an exon of rl. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: No relevant information because no Affy2 ProbeSet aligns to an exon of rl. Gene sequence location is 2RHet:198176..247809.
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	rl: rolled Most alleles lethal. The viable allele, rl1, has wing edges rolled downward; margins somewhat frayed; L4 interrupted distal to posterior crossvein. Eyes small, dark, and rough. Most extreme at 26, less extreme above and below that temperature (Lakovaara, 1963, Proc. Intern. Congr. Genet., 11th., Vol. 1: 175). Temperature sensitive period for eye phenotype during larval stages with most sensitive stage about 60 hr after hatching, i.e., at the beginning of the third-instar (Hackman and Lakovaara, 1966, DIS 41: 92). Effects of dosage of rl and rl+ on eye pigment deposition investigated by Lakovaara (1966, Hereditas 56: 1-19). rl1 lethal in combination with all lethal alleles except rl6, with which it is fully viable and exhibits a rl phenotype. Hemizygotes for lethal alleles, except for rl6, die as third-instar larvae completely devoid of imaginal disks; when heterozygous for rl1 or rl6, the lethal alleles lead to pupal lethality (Hilliker, 1976, Genetics 83: 765-82).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2011_10	References Yin et al., 2008, BMC Bioinformatics 9: 264
FB2012_01	References Gouzi et al., 2011, PLoS Genet. 7(9): e1002281 Majumdar et al., 2010, Fly 4(3): 204--212 Mouchel-Vielh et al., 2011, BMC Dev. Biol. 11: 17 Sequence features BKN51315 BKN41788 BKN51365 HFA20742 HFA07833
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location h41-h41   Left limit from inclusion within Df(2R)IR42 (FBrf0094580) Right limit from inclusion within Df(2R)IR7 (FBrf0094580)
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References h41-h41     (Drosophila Heterochromatin Genome Project, 2004) h41-h41   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Corradini et al., 2003) 45A-45A   (in error; corrected in FBrf0075158) (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Biggs and Zipursky, 1992) h38R-h46   Confirmed by genetic analysis (unpublished data). (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Biggs and Zipursky, 1993) h41-h41   Maps to the distal end of h41. (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Berghella and Dimitri, 1996)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	2-55.1   2- (Sturtevant, 1949) 2-55 (Carthew et al., 1994) 2-55.0 (Lim et al., 1999)
Left of (cM)	stw (Sturtevant, 1949, Tano, 1966)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\rl for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) rl-RA FBtr0113701  NM_001110880   975   190 rl-RB FBtr0113698  NM_001015121   1569   407 rl-RC FBtr0113703  NM_001015122   1602   376 rl-RD FBtr0113702  NM_001015123   1800   376 rl-RE FBtr0113700  NM_001110879   1550   376 rl-RF FBtr0113699  NM_001110878   1618   426
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	2.6 (longest cDNA) (Biggs and Zipursky, 1992)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein rl-PA   FBpp0112424   22.0   190   5.83     NP_001104350   EDP28108 rl-PB   FBpp0112421   46.8   407   6.15     NP_001015121   EAA46312 rl-PC   FBpp0112426   43.2   376   5.98     NP_001015122   EAA46310 rl-PD   FBpp0112425   43.2   376   5.98     NP_001015123   EAA46311 rl-PE   FBpp0112423   43.2   376   5.98     NP_001104349   EDP28107 rl-PF   FBpp0112422   49.1   426   6.65     NP_001104348   EDP28106
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	376 (aa); 44 (kD observed) (Biggs and Zipursky, 1992)
Comments	Antibody made to phosphorylated Erk (De Velasco et al., 2004) rl protein was shown to phosphorylate Jra protein in Drosophila. The substrates for rl protein were identified as Jra residues Ser82, Thr92 and Thr107 in vitro. Ser82 and Thr92 were shown to be in vivo targets as well and Thr 107 was weakly labelled both in vitro and in vivo. (Peverali et al., 1996) rl protein is rapidly phosphorylated on tyrosine via stimulation of the insulin receptor in S2 cells. (Biggs and Zipursky, 1992)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Protein kinase, catalytic domain (IPR000719) Serine/threonine-protein kinase, catalytic domain (IPR002290) MAP kinase, conserved site (IPR003527) Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site (IPR008271) ERK1/2 MAP kinase (IPR008349) Protein kinase-like domain (IPR011009) Protein kinase, ATP binding site (IPR017441) Serine/threonine-protein kinase-like domain (IPR017442)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA141058   AA141731   AA142179   AA201862   AA246971   AA263773   AA391389   AA391460   AA438471   AA541015   AA567852   AA698306   AA816775   AABU01001947 EAA46310   AABU01001947 EAA46311   AABU01001947 EAA46312   AI455731   AI456694   AI519917   AI533304   AI541729   AJ441085   AY070996   BG637958   BG637959   BI168138   BI229983   BI235567   BI236361   BI237119   BI356807   BI362402   BI367154   BI372080   BI483412   BI484472   BI568829   BI579205   BI579752   BI580520   BI612152   BI627374   BI638385   BI638404   BP546000   BP558625   BT022982   BT023082   BT120325   BT125081   CA806459   CK132770   CK135136   CK135192   CO187938   CO192074   CO192174   CO195669   CO196134   CO262500   CO263192   CO263222   CO266359   CO279524   CO280538   CO280819   CO282876   CO285846   CO286048   CO287756   CO288273   CO289149   CO289197   CO289374   CO290836   CO291247   CO292947   CO298874   CO300297   CO302051   CO303455   CO304293   CO304336   CO304540   CO305692   CO305880   CO308671   CO310852   CO313346   CO313540   CO313835   CO315331   CO316919   CO322445   CO323305   CO323499   CO328288   CO328817   CO332468   CO333996   CO335414   CO342082   CO345317   CM000457 EAA46310   CM000457 EAA46311   CM000457 EAA46312   EC051014   EC051019   EC054836   EC055450   EC056823   EC074276   EC081629   EC082119   EC085599   EC086102   EC088594   EC088848   EC195969   EC196484   EC199395   EC200623   EC206078   EC206147   EC212371   EC213965   EC218702   EC218979   EC219295   EC221913   EC222235   EC225182   EC228144   EC228570   EC229822   EC230355   EC230891   EC232850   EC235640   EC238553   EC240516   EC241950   EC250149   EC254751   CM000457 EDP28106   CM000457 EDP28107   CM000457 EDP28108   EV580282   EV582512   GH740756   GH746996   GH747186   GH766570   GH885300   GH941825   GH943264   GH944207   GH944261   GH947350   GH947829   GH954190   GH954584   GH957104   GH961200   GH961437   GH961576   GH962160   GH966223   GH970922   GH974827   GH978008   GH979384   GH980022   GH981873   GO254467   GO254518   M95124   Y11299
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P40417
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 3 -- 4   organism | 90-100% egg length   (Deshpande et al., 2004) Comment:expressed at both embryonic termini organism | 0-10% egg length   (Deshpande et al., 2004) Comment:expressed at both embryonic termini
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   embryonic/larval tracheal system   (Vincent et al., 1998) mesoderm   (Vincent et al., 1998) embryonic stage 8   mesoderm   (Reich et al., 1999) embryonic stage 10   head mesoderm | dorsal & subset   (De Velasco et al., 2004) ventral ectoderm   (Reich et al., 1999) tracheal primordium   (Reich et al., 1999) embryonic stage 11   embryonic stomatogastric nervous system   (De Velasco et al., 2004) tracheal pit   (Reich et al., 1999) chordotonal organ precursor cell   (Reich et al., 1999)
Additional Descriptive Data
	rl protein was observed inboth the nucleus and the cytoplasm of S2 cells. In about 10% of thestained cells, rl protein was excluded from the nucleus. Inphotoreceptor cells, rl protein is observed in the cytoplasm. (Vincent et al., 1998, Biggs and Zipursky, 1992) Expression of phosphorylated rl protein is observed in the dorsal pharyngeal head mesoderm, and later in the three invaginations of the developing stomatogastric nervous system. (De Velasco et al., 2004) rl protein expression is observed in embryos, eye discs, adult head and adult body on western blots. Immunolocalization shows expression in all cells of the developing eye imaginal disc. (Biggs and Zipursky, 1992)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term	nucleus cytoplasm (Biggs and Zipursky, 1992)
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0003256    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0003256 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-18 hour embryonic stages, during late larval stages, during early pupal stages, in adult female stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0003256 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1659 embryo 02-04hr    1577 embryo 04-06hr    907 embryo 06-08hr    804 embryo 08-10hr    1324 embryo 10-12hr    1473 embryo 12-14hr    2014 embryo 14-16hr    553 embryo 16-18hr    1247 embryo 18-20hr    566 embryo 20-22hr    988 embryo 22-24hr    1364 larva L1    425 larva L2    578 larva L3 12hr old    406 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    530 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    781 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1606 white prepupae new    1652 white prepupae 12hr    1254 white prepupae 24hr    1145 pupae 2d postWPP    1215 pupae 3d postWPP    730 pupae 4d postWPP    278 adult male 01day    530 adult male 05day    394 adult male 30day    274 adult female 01day    384 adult female 05day    1412 adult female 30day    1063 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (1659) embryo 02-04hr  (1577) embryo 04-06hr  (907) embryo 06-08hr  (804) embryo 08-10hr  (1324) embryo 10-12hr  (1473) embryo 12-14hr  (2014) embryo 14-16hr  (553) embryo 16-18hr  (1247) embryo 18-20hr  (566) embryo 20-22hr  (988) embryo 22-24hr  (1364) larva L1  (425) larva L2  (578) larva L3 12hr old  (406) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (530) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (781) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (1606) white prepupae new  (1652) white prepupae 12hr  (1254) white prepupae 24hr  (1145) pupae 2d postWPP  (1215) pupae 3d postWPP  (730) pupae 4d postWPP  (278) adult male 01day  (530) adult male 05day  (394) adult male 30day  (274) adult female 01day  (384) adult female 05day  (1412) adult female 30day  (1063) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (1659) embryo 02-04hr  (1577) embryo 04-06hr    907 embryo 06-08hr    804 embryo 08-10hr    1324 embryo 10-12hr  1473 embryo 12-14hr  (2014) embryo 14-16hr    553 embryo 16-18hr    1247 embryo 18-20hr    566 embryo 20-22hr    988 embryo 22-24hr    1364 larva L1    425 larva L2    578 larva L3 12hr old    406 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    530 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    781 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (1606) white prepupae new  (1652) white prepupae 12hr    1254 white prepupae 24hr    1145 pupae 2d postWPP    1215 pupae 3d postWPP    730 pupae 4d postWPP    278 adult male 01day    530 adult male 05day    394 adult male 30day    274 adult female 01day    384 adult female 05day  1412 adult female 30day    1063 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1659 embryo 02-04hr    1577 embryo 04-06hr    907 embryo 06-08hr    804 embryo 08-10hr    1324 embryo 10-12hr    1473 embryo 12-14hr    2014 embryo 14-16hr    553 embryo 16-18hr    1247 embryo 18-20hr    566 embryo 20-22hr    988 embryo 22-24hr    1364 larva L1    425 larva L2    578 larva L3 12hr old    406 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    530 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    781 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1606 white prepupae new    1652 white prepupae 12hr    1254 white prepupae 24hr    1145 pupae 2d postWPP    1215 pupae 3d postWPP    730 pupae 4d postWPP    278 adult male 01day    530 adult male 05day    394 adult male 30day    274 adult female 01day    384 adult female 05day    1412 adult female 30day    1063 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1659 embryo 02-04hr    1577 embryo 04-06hr    907 embryo 06-08hr    804 embryo 08-10hr    1324 embryo 10-12hr    1473 embryo 12-14hr    2014 embryo 14-16hr    553 embryo 16-18hr    1247 embryo 18-20hr    566 embryo 20-22hr    988 embryo 22-24hr    1364 larva L1    425 larva L2    578 larva L3 12hr old    406 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    530 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    781 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1606 white prepupae new    1652 white prepupae 12hr    1254 white prepupae 24hr    1145 pupae 2d postWPP    1215 pupae 3d postWPP    730 pupae 4d postWPP    278 adult male 01day    530 adult male 05day    394 adult male 30day    274 adult female 01day    384 adult female 05day    1412 adult female 30day    1063 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0003256 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1659 embryo 02-04hr    1577 embryo 04-06hr    907 embryo 06-08hr    804 embryo 08-10hr    1324 embryo 10-12hr    1473 embryo 12-14hr    2014 embryo 14-16hr    553 embryo 16-18hr    1247 embryo 18-20hr    566 embryo 20-22hr    988 embryo 22-24hr    1364 larva L1    425 larva L2    578 larva L3 12hr old    406 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    530 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    781 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1606 white prepupae new    1652 white prepupae 12hr    1254 white prepupae 24hr    1145 pupae 2d postWPP    1215 pupae 3d postWPP    730 pupae 4d postWPP    278 adult male 01day    530 adult male 05day    394 adult male 30day    274 adult female 01day    384 adult female 05day    1412 adult female 30day    1063 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (1659) embryo 02-04hr  (1577) embryo 04-06hr  (907) embryo 06-08hr  (804) embryo 08-10hr  (1324) embryo 10-12hr  (1473) embryo 12-14hr  (2014) embryo 14-16hr  (553) embryo 16-18hr  (1247) embryo 18-20hr  (566) embryo 20-22hr  (988) embryo 22-24hr  (1364) larva L1  (425) larva L2  (578) larva L3 12hr old  (406) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (530) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (781) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (1606) white prepupae new  (1652) white prepupae 12hr  (1254) white prepupae 24hr  (1145) pupae 2d postWPP  (1215) pupae 3d postWPP  (730) pupae 4d postWPP  (278) adult male 01day  (530) adult male 05day  (394) adult male 30day  (274) adult female 01day  (384) adult female 05day  (1412) adult female 30day  (1063) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  1659 embryo 02-04hr  1577 embryo 04-06hr    907 embryo 06-08hr    804 embryo 08-10hr    1324 embryo 10-12hr  1473 embryo 12-14hr  2014 embryo 14-16hr    553 embryo 16-18hr    1247 embryo 18-20hr    566 embryo 20-22hr    988 embryo 22-24hr    1364 larva L1    425 larva L2    578 larva L3 12hr old    406 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    530 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    781 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  1606 white prepupae new  1652 white prepupae 12hr    1254 white prepupae 24hr    1145 pupae 2d postWPP    1215 pupae 3d postWPP    730 pupae 4d postWPP    278 adult male 01day    530 adult male 05day    394 adult male 30day    274 adult female 01day    384 adult female 05day  1412 adult female 30day    1063 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1659 embryo 02-04hr    1577 embryo 04-06hr    907 embryo 06-08hr    804 embryo 08-10hr    1324 embryo 10-12hr    1473 embryo 12-14hr    2014 embryo 14-16hr    553 embryo 16-18hr    1247 embryo 18-20hr    566 embryo 20-22hr    988 embryo 22-24hr    1364 larva L1    425 larva L2    578 larva L3 12hr old    406 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    530 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    781 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1606 white prepupae new    1652 white prepupae 12hr    1254 white prepupae 24hr    1145 pupae 2d postWPP    1215 pupae 3d postWPP    730 pupae 4d postWPP    278 adult male 01day    530 adult male 05day    394 adult male 30day    274 adult female 01day    384 adult female 05day    1412 adult female 30day    1063 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1659 embryo 02-04hr    1577 embryo 04-06hr    907 embryo 06-08hr    804 embryo 08-10hr    1324 embryo 10-12hr    1473 embryo 12-14hr    2014 embryo 14-16hr    553 embryo 16-18hr    1247 embryo 18-20hr    566 embryo 20-22hr    988 embryo 22-24hr    1364 larva L1    425 larva L2    578 larva L3 12hr old    406 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    530 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    781 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1606 white prepupae new    1652 white prepupae 12hr    1254 white prepupae 24hr    1145 pupae 2d postWPP    1215 pupae 3d postWPP    730 pupae 4d postWPP    278 adult male 01day    530 adult male 05day    394 adult male 30day    274 adult female 01day    384 adult female 05day    1412 adult female 30day    1063 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003256 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG40190-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | dominant | maternal effect rlSem lethal | larval stage (with rl4H6) rl10a lethal | larval stage (with rl10a) rl4H6 lethal | larval stage | recessive rl3 rl4 rl6 rl7 rl8 lethal | partially (with Df(2R)PRF) rl1 lethal | pupal stage | recessive rl6 lethal | recessive rl2L1 rl2M1 rl4H6 rl6L1 rl8M4 rl9 rl10 rl10a rl14D1 rl14D5 rl15M1 rl15S2 rl17B1 rl17C1 rl18B1 rl18U1 rl19 rl19E1 rl19U1 rl20K2 rl20M2 rl21-1 rl21N1 rl21P1 rl41-1 rl47.122.1 rlA3-2 rlA0648 rlAL528 rlES7 rlIR1 rlIR2 rlIR27 rlIR37 rlIR41 rlS-135 rlSemR44 rlunspecified rlXS-324 rlZ3 rlZ7 semi-lethal, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 rlSem.S.Scer\UAS viable rl1 rl4 rl13R rlG viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 rlGD4697 Sterility Allele female sterile | dominant | partially rlSem rlSu23 Other Phenotypes Allele chemical resistant, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 rlSem.C.Scer\UAS chemical sensitive rl1 decreased cell size | adult stage rlSem.Scer\UAS developmental rate defective, with Scer\GAL4phm.PO rlGD4697 increased cell number rlhs.T:SV40\nls2,T:Hsim\gD large body, with Scer\GAL4phm.PO rlGD4697 mitotic cell cycle defective rlGMR.T:SV40\nls2,T:Scer\GAL4,T:Hsim\VP16,T:Hsim\gD rlhs.T:SV40\nls2,T:Hsim\gD mitotic cell cycle defective | recessive rl10 rl10a neuroanatomy defective | dominant rlSem neuroanatomy defective | larval stage rlSem neurophysiology defective | recessive rl1 radiation sensitive rl1 size defective | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4Ras64B.PW rlSem.Scer\UAS visible rl1 rl9 rlD334N.hs.sev rlSem.hs.sev rlSem.sev rlSem visible, with Scer\GAL4[-]: rlSem.S.Scer\UAS visible, with Scer\GAL432B rlSem.C.Scer\UAS visible, with Scer\GAL4455.2 rlSem.Scer\UAS visible, with Scer\GAL4604 rlSem.Scer\UAS visible, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 rlSem.C.Scer\UAS visible, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 rlSem.S.Scer\UAS visible, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF rlSem.C.Scer\UAS visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 rlGD4697 visible, with Scer\GAL4sd-SG29.1 rlScer\UAS.cKa visible (with Df(2R)PRF) rl1 visible | dominant rlSem rlSu23 visible | recessive rl1 rl13R rlSu14 rlunspecified visual behavior defective | dominant rlSem Phenotype manifest in Allele bouton | supernumerary rlSem bract (with rl1) rl10a bract (with rl10a) rl1 cone cell rl1 denticle belt | maternal effect rlSem embryonic abdominal segment rlSu23 embryonic abdominal segment 1 | maternal effect rlSem embryonic abdominal segment 2 | maternal effect rlSem embryonic abdominal segment 3 | maternal effect rlSem embryonic abdominal segment 4 | maternal effect rlSem embryonic abdominal segment 5 | maternal effect rlSem embryonic abdominal segment 6 | maternal effect rlSem embryonic abdominal segment 7 | maternal effect rlSem embryonic abdominal segment 8 | maternal effect rlSem embryonic abdominal segment 9 | maternal effect rlSem embryonic abdominal segment 10 | maternal effect rlSem embryonic abdominal segment 11 | maternal effect rlSem eye rl1 rl13R rl19 rl21-1 rl41-1 rl9 rlA3-2 rlD334N.hs.sev rlS-694 rlSem rlSem.sev rlSu14 rlSu23 rlZ3 rlZ7 rlunspecified eye, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 rlSem.S.Scer\UAS eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF rlSem.C.Scer\UAS eye | maternal effect rlSem eye photoreceptor cell rlSu14 rlSu23 eye photoreceptor cell | ectopic rlSem eye photoreceptor cell | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev rlSem.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 glial cell, with Scer\GAL4repo rlGD4697 imaginal disc rl3 rl4 rl6 rl7 rl8 macrochaeta rl10 rlSem rlla8 mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 rlGD4697 midline glial cell rlSem rlunspecified NMJ bouton | larval stage rlSem ommatidium rl1 rlD334N.hs.sev rlSem rlSemR44 rlSu14 rlSu23 ommatidium, with rlGMR.T:Scer\GAL4,T:Hsim\VP16,T:Hsim\gD rlSem ommatidium, with rlGMR.T:SV40\nls2,T:Scer\GAL4,T:Hsim\VP16,T:Hsim\gD rlSem ommatidium, with rlSem rlGMR.T:SV40\nls2,T:Scer\GAL4,T:Hsim\VP16,T:Hsim\gD rlGMR.T:Scer\GAL4,T:Hsim\VP16,T:Hsim\gD photoreceptor cell rl1 rl2 rl9 rlSem photoreceptor cell R1 rl1 photoreceptor cell R2 rl1 photoreceptor cell R3 rl1 photoreceptor cell R4 rl1 photoreceptor cell R5 rl1 photoreceptor cell R6 rl1 photoreceptor cell R7 rl1 rl2 rl9 rlD334N.hs.sev rlES7 rlSem rlSem.hs.sev rlSem.sev rlSu14 rlSu23 photoreceptor cell R7 | ectopic rlD334N.hs.sev photoreceptor cell R7 | ectopic | maternal effect rlSem photoreceptor cell R7 | supernumerary rlD334N.hs.sev rlSem rlSem.sev pigment cell rlSem rhabdomere rl1 tracheal branch primordium rl10a tracheal branch primordium, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS rlSem.Scer\UAS trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 rlGD4697 wing rl1 rl19 rl21-1 rl41-1 rlA3-2 rlSem rlSem.Scer\UAS rlSu14 rlSu23 rlZ3 rlZ7 rlhs.T:SV40\nls2,T:Hsim\gD rlunspecified wing, with Scer\GAL432B rlSem.C.Scer\UAS wing, with Scer\GAL4455.2 rlSem.Scer\UAS wing, with Scer\GAL4604 rlSem.Scer\UAS wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 rlSem.C.Scer\UAS wing, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 rlSem.S.Scer\UAS wing blade rl1 wing vein rl1 rl10 rlSem rlSu14 rlSu23 rlla8 wing vein, with Scer\GAL4455.2 rlSem.Scer\UAS wing vein, with Scer\GAL4604 rlSem.Scer\UAS wing vein, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 rlSem.Scer\UAS wing vein, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 rlSem.S.Scer\UAS wing vein | ectopic rl10 rlSem rlSu23 rlla8 wing vein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL432B rlSem.C.Scer\UAS wing vein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4bs-1348 rlSem.Scer\UAS wing vein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 rlSem.Scer\UAS wing vein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4sd-SG29.1 rlScer\UAS.cKa wing vein | ectopic | maternal effect rlSem wing vein | supernumerary rlSem wing vein | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4[-]: rlSem.S.Scer\UAS wing vein L3 rl1 wing vein L4 rl1 wing vein L5 rl1
Classical Alleles ( 68 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of rl Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion rl1 loss of function allele, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence spontaneous 6 -- rl10a 2 -- rlSem gain of function allele, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes rl2L1 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- rl2M1 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- rl4H6 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes rl9 amorphic allele - genetic evidence, loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes rlla8 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- rlR26 amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 0 -- rlR29 amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 0 -- rl+ 0 -- rl10 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes rl10b 0 -- rl13R 0 -- rl14D1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- rl14D5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- rl15M1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- rl15S2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- rl17B1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- rl17C1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- rl18B1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- rl18U1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- rl19 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- rl19E1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- rl19U1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- rl20K2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- rl20M2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- rl21-1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- rl21N1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- rl21P1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- rl26 0 -- rl2 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes rl3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes rl41-1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- rl47.122.1 P-element activity 0 -- rl4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes rl5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes rl6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes rl6L1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- rl7 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes rl8 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes rl8M4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- rlA0648 X ray ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- rlA3-2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- rlAL528 X ray ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- rlC18 0 -- rlES7 loss of function allele 0 -- rlG heat-treatment 0 -- rlIR1 IR-hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes rlIR27 IR-hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- rlIR2 IR-hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- rlIR37 IR-hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- rlIR41 IR-hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- rlS-135 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- rlS-694 0 -- rlS352 0 -- rlSemR44 X ray 0 -- rlSu14 gain of function allele 0 Yes rlSu23 gain of function allele 0 Yes rlunspecified 0 -- rlx-3-30 loss of function allele 0 -- rlx162 0 -- rlX16z 0 -- rlXS-2275 0 -- rlXS-2442 0 -- rlXS-324 X ray 0 -- rlZ3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- rlZ7 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 33 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of rl Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion rlGL00215 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes rlHMS00173 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes rlJF01080 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes rlJF01366 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes rlScer\UAS.cKa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes rlAct5C.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes rlAct5C.T:Zzzz\His6 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes rlD334N.hs.sev in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes rldsRNA.cCa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes rlGD4697 in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes rlGMR.T:Scer\GAL4,T:Hsim\VP16,T:Hsim\gD in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes rlGMR.T:SV40\nls2,T:Scer\GAL4,T:Hsim\VP16,T:Hsim\gD in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes rlhs.PB in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes rlhs.sev in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes rlhs.T:Hsim\gD in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes rlhs.T:Scer\GAL4,T:Hsim\VP16,T:Hsim\gD in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes rlhs.T:SV40\nls2,T:Hsim\gD in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes rlhs.T:SV40\nls2,T:Scer\GAL4,T:Hsim\VP16,T:Hsim\gD in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes rlK164.hs in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes rlK67M:D334N.hs.sev in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes rlKK115768 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes rlMtnA.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes rlScer\UAS.cRa.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes rlScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-YFP in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes rlScer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes rlSem.Act5C.P in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes rlSem.C.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes rlSem.cBa in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes rlSem.hs.sev in vitro construct 0 -- rlSem.S.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes rlSem.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes rlSem.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes rlSem.sev gain of function allele in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(2R)cb25-4 (Lyttle, 1989) Df(2R)H127-11 (Eberl et al., 1993) Df(2R)IR1 (Dimitri et al., 1997) Df(2R)IR7 (Dimitri et al., 1997) Df(2R)IR42 (Dimitri et al., 1997) Df(2R)M41A10 (Zhang et al., 1999, Corradini et al., 2003, Myster et al., 2004, Myster et al., 2004, Hilliker and Holm, 1975, Hilliker, 1976, Ganetzky, 1977, Lyttle, 1989, Morgan et al., 1941, Eberl et al., 1993, Curry, 1939) Df(2R)PRB (Eberl et al., 1993) Df(2R)PRF (Lu et al., 2000, Eberl et al., 1993) Df(2R)rl-1G (Hilliker, 1976, Ganetzky, 1977) Df(2R)rl-2J (Hilliker, 1976, Ganetzky, 1977) Df(2R)rl-4J (Hilliker, 1976, Ganetzky, 1977) Df(2R)rl-5B (Hilliker, 1976, Ganetzky, 1977) Df(2R)rl-6C (Hilliker, 1976, Ganetzky, 1977) Df(2R)rl-9B (Hilliker, 1976) Df(2R)rl10a (Peverali et al., 1996) Df(2R)rl-10G (Hilliker, 1976, Ganetzky, 1977) Df(2R)rl-12E (Hilliker, 1976, Ganetzky, 1977) Df(2R)rl-13D (Hilliker, 1976, Ganetzky, 1977) Df(2R)rl-14C (Hilliker, 1976, Ganetzky, 1977) Df(2R)rl-18C (Hilliker, 1976) Df(2R)rl-B (Hilliker, 1976) Df(2R)rl-D (Hilliker and Holm, 1975, Hilliker, 1976) Df(2R)rl-F (Hilliker, 1976, Ganetzky, 1977) Df(2R)rl-I (Hilliker, 1976) Df(2R)Rsp1 (Ganetzky, 1977, Dimitri, 1991, Berghella and Dimitri, 1996) Df(2R)Rsp11 (Ganetzky, 1977) Df(2R)Rsp31 (Ganetzky, 1977) In(2R)bwVDe2LCyR   T(Y;2)B (Dimitri, 1991) Ts(Y;2Lt)C+Ts(Y;2Rt)A (Dimitri, 1991)
Duplicated in	C(2L)RM-SH1   Df(2L)C' (Hilliker, 1981) Dp(2;f)e1 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)e5 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)e24 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)e29 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)e44 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)e51 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)e55 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)e57 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)e58 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)e61 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)e72 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)e74 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)e83 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)e87 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)e97 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)f6 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)f15 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)f29 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)f45 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)f48 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)f49 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)f52 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)f53 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)f62 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)f67 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)f74 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)f77 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)f80 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)f82 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;f)f84 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;Y)cb25-4 (Lyttle, 1989) Dp(2;Y)cb25-9 (Lyttle, 1989) Dp(2;Y)cb25-11 (Lyttle, 1989)
Not disrupted in	Df(2L)C (Hilliker and Holm, 1975) Df(2L)D (Hilliker and Holm, 1975) Df(2L)D' (Hilliker and Holm, 1975) Df(2L)F (Hilliker and Holm, 1975) Df(2R)B (Hilliker and Holm, 1975, Hilliker, 1976, Ganetzky, 1977) Df(2R)cb25-24 (Lyttle, 1989) Df(2R)cb25-29 (Lyttle, 1989) Df(2R)cb25-31 (Lyttle, 1989) Df(2R)cb25-42 (Lyttle, 1989) Df(2R)Dark2 (Myster et al., 2004) Df(2R)M41A2 (Myster et al., 2004, Myster et al., 2004) Df(2R)M41A4 (Hilliker and Holm, 1975, Hilliker, 1976, Ganetzky, 1977, Eberl et al., 1993) Df(2R)M41A8 (Myster et al., 2004, Myster et al., 2004, Hilliker and Holm, 1975) Df(2R)M41A50j (Arvelighetsinstitutten, University) Df(2R)nap1 (Myster et al., 2004) Df(2R)NC13 (Myster et al., 2004) Df(2R)NC32 (Myster et al., 2004) Df(2R)NC50 (Myster et al., 2004) Df(2R)NC68 (Myster et al., 2004) Df(2R)NC73 (Myster et al., 2004) Df(2R)NC98 (Myster et al., 2004) Df(2R)NC125 (Myster et al., 2004) Df(2R)NC167 (Myster et al., 2004) Df(2R)NC168 (Myster et al., 2004) Df(2R)NC191 (Myster et al., 2004) Df(2R)NC195 (Myster et al., 2004) Df(2R)NC202 (Myster et al., 2004) Df(2R)NC207 (Myster et al., 2004) Df(2R)NC218 (Myster et al., 2004) Df(2R)NC219 (Myster et al., 2004) Df(2R)NC228 (Myster et al., 2004) Df(2R)NC1198 (Myster et al., 2004) Df(2R)Nipped-D (Myster et al., 2004) Df(2R)PR50 (Eberl et al., 1993) In(2R)bwVDe1LCyR   T(2;3)EHH (Hilliker and Holm, 1975) T(Y;2)J-D   Tp(2;Y)C
Not duplicated in	C(Y;4)cb25-1 (Lyttle, 1989) Dp(2;f)e70 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) Dp(2;Y)cb25-24 (Lyttle, 1989) Dp(2;Y)cb25-29 (Lyttle, 1989) Dp(2;Y)cb25-31 (Lyttle, 1989) Dp(2;Y)cb25-42 (Lyttle, 1989) In(2R)CyLbwVDe1R   In(2R)CyLbwVDe2R
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data heat-shock construct P{2xsE-ERK-aK164} NA P{2xsE-ERK-aWT} NA P{hs-rl.M} NA P{hs-rl.MG} NA P{hs-rl.NM} NA P{hs-rl.NMG} NA P{sE-rl+} NA P{sE-rlD334N} NA P{sE-rlK67M/D334N} NA P{sE-rlSem} NA UAS construct P{KK115768} NA P{TRiP.GL00215} NA P{TRiP.HMS00173} NA P{TRiP.JF01080} NA P{TRiP.JF01366} NA P{UAS-ERK.HA} NA P{UAS-ERK.Sem} NA P{UAS-rl.HA} NA P{UAS-rl.K} NA P{UAS-rlSem.S} NA P{UAS-rlSem} NA P{UAS-Sem} NA characterization construct P{GD4697} NA P{sev-Sem} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions I{}rlIR1 NA P{Mcp-w#14}rl47.122.1 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 35 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 20 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
JUN kinase activity inferred from direct assay (Riesgo-Escovar et al., 1996) protein kinase binding inferred from physical interaction with S6kII (Kim et al., 2006) transcription factor binding inferred from physical interaction with cic (Astigarraga et al., 2007)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
adherens junction maintenance inferred from mutant phenotype (Bruinsma et al., 2007) behavioral response to ethanol inferred from mutant phenotype (Corl et al., 2009) cellular response to arsenic-containing substance inferred from direct assay (Ryabinina et al., 2006) cellular response to cadmium ion inferred from direct assay (Ryabinina et al., 2006) cellular response to reactive oxygen species inferred from direct assay (Ryabinina et al., 2006) imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Marenda et al., 2006) imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification inferred from mutant phenotype (Gomez et al., 2005) metamorphosis inferred from mutant phenotype (Rewitz et al., 2009) mitosis inferred from mutant phenotype (Marenda et al., 2006) positive regulation of cell proliferation inferred from mutant phenotype (Jiang and Edgar, 2009) positive regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation inferred from mutant phenotype (Kim et al., 2006) regulation of synaptic transmission inferred from mutant phenotype (Wairkar et al., 2009) response to DNA damage stimulus inferred from mutant phenotype (Ravi et al., 2009) transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway inferred from mutant phenotype (Brunner et al., 1994)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
cell junction inferred from direct assay (Bruinsma et al., 2007) cytoplasm inferred from direct assay (Biggs and Zipursky, 1992, Kim et al., 2006, Bruinsma et al., 2007) nucleus inferred from direct assay (Biggs and Zipursky, 1992, Kim et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 17 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
ATP binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR002290, InterPro:IPR003527, InterPro:IPR008349, InterPro:IPR017441 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) MAP kinase activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Biggs and Zipursky, 1992) non-traceable author statement (Biggs, 1992.10.2, Martin-Blanco, 2000, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1995.2.1) protein serine/threonine kinase activity non-traceable author statement (Morrison et al., 2000)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
anterior/posterior axis specification, embryo traceable author statement (Baek and Lee, 1999) anti-apoptosis non-traceable author statement (White, 2002) epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1995.2.1) gastrulation non-traceable author statement (Leptin, 1999) heart development non-traceable author statement (Cripps and Olson, 2002) MAPKKK cascade non-traceable author statement (Martin-Blanco, 2000) protein phosphorylation inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR002290, InterPro:IPR003527, InterPro:IPR008271, InterPro:IPR008349 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) non-traceable author statement (Morrison et al., 2000) traceable author statement (Kumar and Moses, 2000) R7 cell development traceable author statement (Kumar and Moses, 2000) regulation of synapse structure and activity traceable author statement (Packard et al., 2003) regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent traceable author statement (Kumar and Moses, 2000) sevenless signaling pathway non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1995.2.1) torso signaling pathway non-traceable author statement (Baek and Lee, 1999, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1995.2.1)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasm non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1995.2.1) nucleus non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1995.2.1) traceable author statement (Kumar and Moses, 2000)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions rl allele Gene References rl1 asp (Inoue and Glover, 1998) bs (Roch et al., 1998) Egfr (Price et al., 1997) gro (Price et al., 1997) msk (Lorenzen et al., 2001) sag (Zhang et al., 1999) Su(var)205 (Lu et al., 2000) tor (Brunner et al., 1994) rl2L1 phl (Dickson et al., 1996) phl::tor (Biggs et al., 1994) rl2M1 phl::tor (Biggs et al., 1994) rl4H6 phl::tor (Biggs et al., 1994) rl6L1 phl (Dickson et al., 1996) rl9 Dsor1 (Lim et al., 1999) rg (Shamloula et al., 2002) rl10 bs (Roch et al., 1998) phl (Li et al., 2000) Src42A (Zhang et al., 1999) svp (Begemann et al., 1995) tor (Brunner et al., 1994, Li and Li, 2003) rl10a Dsor1 (Lim et al., 1999) Fas2 (Koh et al., 2002) Jra (Peverali et al., 1996) Mkp3 (Rintelen et al., 2003) Ras85D (Peverali et al., 1996) svp (Begemann et al., 1995) W (Bergmann et al., 1998) rl10b Egfr (Gonzalez-Reyes et al., 1995) rl13R sag (Zhang et al., 1999) rl14D1 phl::tor (Dickson et al., 1996) rl14D5 phl::tor (Dickson et al., 1996) rl15M1 phl::tor (Dickson et al., 1996) svp (Kramer et al., 1995) rl15S2 phl::tor (Dickson et al., 1996) rl19 Src42A (Zhang et al., 1999) rl21-1 Src42A (Zhang et al., 1999) rl41-1 Dsor1 (Zhang et al., 1999) sag (Zhang et al., 1999) Src42A (Zhang et al., 1999) Su(Raf)43B (Zhang et al., 1999) rlA0648 aop (Rebay et al., 2000) phl (Rebay et al., 2000) Ras85D (Rebay et al., 2000) rlAL528 aop (Rebay et al., 2000) Ras85D (Rebay et al., 2000) rlD334N.hs.sev lilli (Wittwer et al., 2001) mask (Smith et al., 2002) sag (Zhang and Lu, 2000) rlES7 Ras85D (Carthew et al., 1994) sina (Carthew et al., 1994) rlR26 Ras85D (Asha et al., 2003) rlS-135 aop (Karim et al., 1996) Dsor1 (Karim et al., 1996) eya (Hsiao et al., 2001) phl (Karim et al., 1996) phl::tor (Karim et al., 1996) PTP-ER (Karim and Rubin, 1999) Ras85D (Karim et al., 1996) rlS-694 W (Kurada and White, 1998) rlSem.C.Scer\UAS eg (Gritzan et al., 2002) eya (Hsiao et al., 2001) kay (Ciapponi et al., 2001, Gritzan et al., 2002) svp (Gritzan et al., 2002) tll (Gritzan et al., 2002) rlSem.cBa W (Bergmann et al., 1998) rlSem.Scer\UAS eya (Hsiao et al., 2001) rlSem bs (Roch et al., 1998) comm (Bergmann et al., 2002) csw (Firth et al., 2000) Dp (Staehling-Hampton et al., 1999) ed (Hsu et al., 1998, Bai et al., 2001) Jra (Kockel et al., 1997) kay (Ciapponi et al., 2001) lace (Adachi-Yamada et al., 1999) Mkp3 (Rintelen et al., 2003) msk (Lorenzen et al., 2001) phl (Brunner et al., 1994) PTP-ER (Karim and Rubin, 1999) Ras85D (Karim and Rubin, 1998, Halfar et al., 2001) rpr (Kurada and White, 1998) svp (Begemann et al., 1995) TfIIA-S (Zeidler et al., 1996) vn (Schnepp et al., 1996) W (Bergmann et al., 1998, Kurada and White, 1998, Bergmann et al., 2002) rlSu14 aos (Sawamoto et al., 1996) asp (Inoue and Glover, 1998) phl (Lim et al., 1999) sev (Lim et al., 1999) tor (Lim et al., 1999) rlSu23 aos (Sawamoto et al., 1996) cln (Taguchi et al., 2000) Dsor1 (Lim et al., 1999) phl (Lim et al., 1999) rg (Shamloula et al., 2002) sev (Lim et al., 1999) tor (Lim et al., 1999) W (Sawamoto et al., 1998) rlunspecified phl (Therrien et al., 2000) Ras85D (Therrien et al., 2000) Su(var)2-1 (Sinclair et al., 2000) Su(var)205 (Sinclair et al., 2000) Su(var)208 (Sinclair et al., 2000) W (Bergmann et al., 2002) rlx-3-30 C3G (Ishimaru et al., 1999) rlx162 Nf1 (Williams et al., 2001) rlXS-324 aop (Karim et al., 1996) Dsor1 (Karim et al., 1996) phl (Karim et al., 1996) phl::tor (Karim et al., 1996) Ras85D (Karim et al., 1996) unspecified aop (Yamamoto et al., 1996) E2f (Staehling-Hampton et al., 1999) Gef26 (Lee et al., 2002) Gug (Charroux et al., 2006) ksr (Therrien et al., 2000) Mkp3 (Gomez et al., 2005, Cela and Llimargas, 2006) phl::tor (Dickson et al., 1996) puc (Martin-Blanco, 1998) S6kII (Kim et al., 2006) Src42A (Zhang et al., 1999)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 78013 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0003256 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003256 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 3354888
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dmau\rl   Dsec\rl   Dsim\rl
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL013939-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP009207-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_393029.1 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001952106.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) At1g59580.1 Arabidopsis thaliana (wall cress) 7947 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (chytrid fungus) 60037 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) BGIBMGA006725-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000021507 Bos taurus (bovine) CAL0005224 Candida albicans (a form of yeast) CN08521 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CBP24154 Caenorhabditis briggsae (nematode) CE24971 Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) ENSCAFP00000030998 Canis familiaris (dog) CAGL0J04290g Candida glabrata (haploid yeast) ENSCINP00000014560 Ciona intestinalis (sea squirt) JA18643 Caenorhabditis japonica (nematode) CMS295C Cyanidioschyzon merolae (red alga) cn05027 Cryptococcus neoformans (yeast-like fungus) CPIJ005303 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSCPOP00000002945 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) 78072 Chlamidomonas reinhardtii (green alga) RP10960 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) ENSCSAVP00000014424 Ciona savignyi (sedentary tunicate) 98373 Capitella spl (polychaete worm) DDB0201635 Dictyostelium discoideum (amoeba) DEHA2E03586g Debaryomyces Hansenii (yeast) ENSDARP00000038550 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSECAP00000012473 Equus caballus (horse) XP_653959 Entamoeba histolytica (anaerobic protozoan) ENSGACP00000019049 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGALP00000039208 Gallus gallus (chicken) 185661 Hypsipyla robusta (cedar shoot borer) ENSP00000215832 Homo sapiens (human) ISCW023655-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) KLLA0A02497g Kluyveromyces lactis (yeast) 231535 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) LmjF33.1380 Leishmania major (virus) 27550 Monocosta brevicollis (choanoflagellate) ENSMODP00000022098 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000016444 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMUSP00000023462 Mus musculus (house mouse) 116697 Nematostella vectensis (starlet anemone) ENSOANP00000009378 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSORLP00000015020 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) LOC_Os02g05480.1 Oryza sativa (asian rice) 19271 Ostreococcus tauri (green alga) PF11_0147 Plasmodium falciparum (protozoal parasite) 193902 Physcomitrella patens (moss) ENSPPYP00000008184 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) 74722 Phytophthora ramorum (sudden oak death pathogen) 129405 Phytophthora sojae (root rot pathogen) 801509 Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood) ENSPTRP00000024313 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) PVX_091340 Plasmodium vivax (protozoal parasite) ENSRNOP00000002533 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) 5061319 Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) YBL016W Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) Smp_142050 Schistosoma mansoni (trematode parasite) SPAC31G5.09c Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) NP_999813.1 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) 50661 Trichoplax adhaerens (metazoa) TA21080 Theileria annulata (apicomplexan parasite) XP_966833.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) Tc00.1047053510123.20 Trypanosoma cruzi (parasitic trypanosome) Tc00.1047053511837.70 Trypanosoma cruzi (parasitic trypanosome) ENSTNIP00000018415 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) 5018 Thalassiosira pseudonana (marine diatom) ENSTRUP00000039089 Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish Takifugu) 16.m00440 Tetrahymena thermophila (ciliate protozoa) 88834.m00149 Trichomonas vaginalis (parasitic flagellated protozoan) ENSXETP00000040234 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) YALI0E23496g Yarrowia lipolytica (nonconventional yeast) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB15606 NV50046 LH12341 ISCW023655 FBgn0229142 FBgn0225323 FBgn0204688 FBgn0171845 FBgn0158041 FBgn0140998 FBgn0120828 FBgn0115272 FBgn0090969 CPIJ005303 BGIBMGA006725 ACYPI002470 GB15499 AGAP009207 AAEL013939 AAEL007958 GLEAN_11967
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 14 )
Bloomington	386 rl1 1051 lt1 rl1 36270 w1118; P{UAS-rl.K}2A 1056 lt1 rl1 stw3 31387 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF01366}attP2 31524 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF01080}attP2 36058 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.GL00215}attP2 34855 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.HMS00173}attP2
Kyoto	105883 rl1 106184 lt1 rl1 106187 lt1 rl1 stw3 108365 rlSem/CyO/Dp(?;2)bwD, S1 wgSp-1 Ms(2)M1 bwD
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 0 )
cDNA Clones ( 63 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones	DPiM_RE08694 IP08451 IP08651 RE08694 RE33283 RE73195
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	HL01888 HL04246 LD36802 RH01127 RH25161 RH29582 RH40558 RH68665 SD05066 SD06789 SD20661 SD20683
Other clones	CK01126 CK02355 Dmel_dig_002983_0710_0529 Dmel_dig_020891_0583_3271 EC32787 EK070427 EK087820 EK154938 EK188142 EK233327 EK234158 EK245039 EK249619 EK259058 EK261053 EK303539 EK308548 EP13804 RP01325 RP01549 RP001037878 RP001044585 RP001046323 RP001046838 RP003497848 RP004065573 RP004111419 RP004118222 RP004204648 RP004210047 RP004226193 RP004242760 RP004243723 RP004245038 RP004251387 RP004253063 RP004261945 RP004264609 RP004355967 RP004419637 RP004482146 RP004527266 RP004533225 RP004535505 RP004536883
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003256 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 3354888
Antibody Information
	monoclonal antibody (De Velasco et al., 2004) polyclonal (Biggs and Zipursky, 1992)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: rl BcDNA:RE08694 (FlyBase, 1996-) Source for merge of: rl CG12559 (Bayraktaroglu, 2000.4.12) Source for merge of: rl CG18732 (Drosophila Heterochromatin Genome Project, 2004)
Additional comments	Source for merge of rl BcDNA:RE08694 was a shared cDNA (date:030728). (FlyBase, 1996-)
Other Comments
	dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene. (Douziech et al., 2006) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology. (Kiger et al., 2003) rl is necessary for axon contact dependent inhibition of W dependent cell death of midline glial cells. (Bergmann et al., 2002) A gradient of rl activity controls differential gene expression and the establishment of various cell fates. (Ghiglione et al., 1999) rl is bound by and inactivated by PTP-ER; however, PTP-ER is unable to dephosphorylate and down regulate rlSem. (Karim and Rubin, 1999) Gain-of-function alleles of rl have moderate dominant activities in the tor signalling pathway. (Lim et al., 1999) The C-terminal portion of cnk regulates phl, a component of rl (MAPK) signalling while the N-terminal portion of cnk is involved in a rl-independent pathway. (Therrien et al., 1999) Activation of the Egfr/Ras85D/rl pathway specifically inhibits the proapoptotic activity of W. (Bergmann et al., 1998) Mutants demonstrate a reduced mitotic index in the larval central nervous system. No interaction with polo, mgr and aur is evident though asp mutants interact with rl and Dsor1 mutants. (Inoue and Glover, 1998) The rl gene product may regulate microtubule behavior during mitosis and mediate the checkpoint that assesses the integrity of the mitotic spindle. (Inoue and Glover, 1998) The MAPK cascade is required for Ras85D mitogenic response, loss of function mutations in phl, Dsor1, rl and ksr dominantly suppress hyperplastic growth, as do mutations in the Ras85D effector loop that disrupt the Ras85D-phl interaction. (Karim and Rubin, 1998) Phylogenetic and functional relationships of MAPKs is studied based on 93 non-redundant full length sequences, 2 atomic structures and known functions of MAPKs. (Kultz, 1998) rl1 shows hypersensitivity to oxidative stress (paraquat), presumably as a consequence of reduced Sod2 expression. (Duttaroy et al., 1997) Jra acts in multiple developmental control processes as a target of both rl and bsk. Jra becomes a limiting component if rl signalling is reduced, demonstrating a redundant function of Jra. (Kockel et al., 1997) rl undergoes polytenization in salivary gland chromosomes to a degree comparable to that of euchromatic genes, despite its deep heterochromatic location. Bari1 sequences located to the left are severely underrepresented and thus appear to be α-heterochromatin. rl is transcribed in polytene tissues. Together these results indicate that functional sequences located within the proximal constitutive heterochromatin can undergo polytenization, contributing to the formation of β-heterochromatin. (Berghella and Dimitri, 1996) Identified in a genetic screen for modifiers of the phl::tor12D.sev rough eye mutant phenotype. (Dickson et al., 1996) Biochemical characterisation of rl and rlSem. (Oellers and Hafen, 1996) Jra is a substrate for rl, part of the receptor tyrosine kinase signal transduction pathway which triggers photoreceptor differentiation during eye development. Mutant analysis implicates Jra phosphorylation in the choice between neuronal and non-neuronal fate during eye development. (Peverali et al., 1996) Studies of interaction between argos and members of the Ras/MAPK pathway demonstrate the argos gene product is a negative regulator of signal transduction that acts upstream of the Ras/MAPK cascade. (Sawamoto et al., 1996) By comparing methylation by Ecol\dam methylase between euchromatic and heterochromatic genes it was determined that the heterochromatic state does not prevent methylase accessibility in vivo. (Wines et al., 1996) Tyrosine phosphorylation of rl and Erk-B increases during heat shock. MAP kinase activation is an immediate early response to heat shock and the increased activity is maintained throughout heat shock treatment. (Chen et al., 1995) Strong dominant enhancement of the Egfr phenotype by rl suggests that the MAPK pathway is involved in the induction of posterior follicle cell fate. (Gonzalez-Reyes et al., 1995) Phosphorylation of aop by rl map kinase affects the stability and subcellular localisation of aop resulting in rapid down regulation of aop activity. Map kinase mediated down regulation of aop function appears to be critical for the proper differentiation of both neuronal and nonneuronal tissues throughout development. This suggests that aop is an essential component of a general timing mechanism controlling the competence of a cell to respond to inductive signals. (Rebay and Rubin, 1995) The profile of rl kinase activation provides an assay for Egfr activation. (Schweitzer et al., 1995) A screen to identify mutations affecting the Ras85D signalling pathway identified alleles of phl, Dsor1, rl, aop, βggt-I, mts, ksr and phyl. (Therrien et al., 1995) Mutations of rl can suppress a constitutively active form of phl expressed in the R7 equivalence group thereby establishing a role for rl in the sev signal transduction pathway. (Biggs et al., 1994) Activation of the rl MAP kinase by the rlSem mutation is both necessary and sufficient to activate multiple signalling pathways controlled by receptor tyrosine kinases. (Brunner et al., 1994) MAP kinase activity, encoded by the rl locus, induces neuronal differentiation by simultaneously inhibiting the aop repressor and stimulating the pnt activator. (Brunner et al., 1994) rl encodes a homolog of MAP kinase and the gene product is required for sev mediated signalling. (Carthew et al., 1994) rl functions downstream of phl to suppress dl repression, it is possible that additional unidentified intracellular signalling components also participate in this process. (Rusch and Levine, 1994) "h38R--h46 (determined by in situ hybridisation)" was stated as revision. (Biggs and Zipursky, 1993) In contrast to the euchromatic genes, the heterochromatic genes, including the α-heterochromatic rl gene, require proximity to heterochromatin to function properly. (Eberl et al., 1993) A rl cDNA has been cloned and sequenced. (Biggs and Zipursky, 1992) Lethal phenotype of mutations at rl have reduced and malformed wings, legs and halteres due to cell death. (Dimitri, 1991)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_001015121 NM_001015122 NM_001015123 NM_001110878 NM_001110879 NM_001110880 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_001015121 NP_001015122 NP_001015123 NP_001104348 NP_001104349 NP_001104350 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAA28677 AABU01001947 AAL48618 AJ441085 AY070996 BI168138 EAA46310 EAA46311 EAA46312 EDP28106 EDP28107 EDP28108 M95124 Y11299 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 3354888 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P40417
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Protein kinase, catalytic domain (IPR000719) Serine/threonine-protein kinase, catalytic domain (IPR002290) MAP kinase, conserved site (IPR003527) Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site (IPR008271) ERK1/2 MAP kinase (IPR008349) Protein kinase-like domain (IPR011009) Protein kinase, ATP binding site (IPR017441) Serine/threonine-protein kinase-like domain (IPR017442)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 78013 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0003256 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003256 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003256 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003256 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG40190-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0003256 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 3354888 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL013939-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP009207-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_393029.1 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001952106.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) At1g59580.1 Arabidopsis thaliana (wall cress) 7947 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (chytrid fungus) 60037 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) BGIBMGA006725-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000021507 Bos taurus (bovine) CAL0005224 Candida albicans (a form of yeast) CN08521 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CBP24154 Caenorhabditis briggsae (nematode) CE24971 Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) ENSCAFP00000030998 Canis familiaris (dog) CAGL0J04290g Candida glabrata (haploid yeast) ENSCINP00000014560 Ciona intestinalis (sea squirt) JA18643 Caenorhabditis japonica (nematode) CMS295C Cyanidioschyzon merolae (red alga) cn05027 Cryptococcus neoformans (yeast-like fungus) CPIJ005303 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSCPOP00000002945 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) 78072 Chlamidomonas reinhardtii (green alga) RP10960 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) ENSCSAVP00000014424 Ciona savignyi (sedentary tunicate) 98373 Capitella spl (polychaete worm) DDB0201635 Dictyostelium discoideum (amoeba) DEHA2E03586g Debaryomyces Hansenii (yeast) ENSDARP00000038550 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSECAP00000012473 Equus caballus (horse) XP_653959 Entamoeba histolytica (anaerobic protozoan) ENSGACP00000019049 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGALP00000039208 Gallus gallus (chicken) 185661 Hypsipyla robusta (cedar shoot borer) ENSP00000215832 Homo sapiens (human) ISCW023655-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) KLLA0A02497g Kluyveromyces lactis (yeast) 231535 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) LmjF33.1380 Leishmania major (virus) 27550 Monocosta brevicollis (choanoflagellate) ENSMODP00000022098 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000016444 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMUSP00000023462 Mus musculus (house mouse) 116697 Nematostella vectensis (starlet anemone) ENSOANP00000009378 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSORLP00000015020 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) LOC_Os02g05480.1 Oryza sativa (asian rice) 19271 Ostreococcus tauri (green alga) PF11_0147 Plasmodium falciparum (protozoal parasite) 193902 Physcomitrella patens (moss) ENSPPYP00000008184 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) 74722 Phytophthora ramorum (sudden oak death pathogen) 129405 Phytophthora sojae (root rot pathogen) 801509 Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood) ENSPTRP00000024313 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) PVX_091340 Plasmodium vivax (protozoal parasite) ENSRNOP00000002533 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) 5061319 Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) YBL016W Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) Smp_142050 Schistosoma mansoni (trematode parasite) SPAC31G5.09c Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) NP_999813.1 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) 50661 Trichoplax adhaerens (metazoa) TA21080 Theileria annulata (apicomplexan parasite) XP_966833.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) Tc00.1047053510123.20 Trypanosoma cruzi (parasitic trypanosome) Tc00.1047053511837.70 Trypanosoma cruzi (parasitic trypanosome) ENSTNIP00000018415 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) 5018 Thalassiosira pseudonana (marine diatom) ENSTRUP00000039089 Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish Takifugu) 16.m00440 Tetrahymena thermophila (ciliate protozoa) 88834.m00149 Trichomonas vaginalis (parasitic flagellated protozoan) ENSXETP00000040234 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) YALI0E23496g Yarrowia lipolytica (nonconventional yeast) Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /torstoll/mapkin1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 3354888 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0003256 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB15606 NV50046 LH12341 ISCW023655 FBgn0229142 FBgn0225323 FBgn0204688 FBgn0171845 FBgn0158041 FBgn0140998 FBgn0120828 FBgn0115272 FBgn0090969 CPIJ005303 BGIBMGA006725 ACYPI002470 GB15499 AGAP009207 AAEL013939 AAEL007958 GLEAN_11967
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 74 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	12559 (Ravi et al., 2009) BcDNA:RE08694   CG12559 (Dimitri et al., 2005, Scott, 2000.11.9, Morrison et al., 2000, Drosophila Heterochromatin Genome Project, 2007, Mouchel-Vielh et al., 2008, Brandt, 2006, de Wit et al., 2005, Ni et al., 2008, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2011.7.19) CG18732   CT34260 (Morrison et al., 2000) CT39192 (Morrison et al., 2000) dERK (Walters et al., 2005, Kim et al., 2004) D-ERK (Mishra et al., 2005, Lorenzen et al., 2001, Ryabinina et al., 2006) DERK (Kwon et al., 2002, Kim et al., 2002, Lee et al., 2000, Kim et al., 2004, Sun et al., 2008) DERK-A (Tang et al., 1997) DmErk (Baek and Lee, 1999) DmERK-A (Kumar and Moses, 2000, Foukas et al., 1998, Chen et al., 1995, Hoch and Jaeckle, 1993, Biggs and Zipursky, 1992) DmERKA (Sugaya et al., 1994, Cagan, 1993) DmMAPK (Karim and Rubin, 1999) dpERK (Mace et al., 2005, Shilo, 2005, Lim and Choi, 2004, Kato et al., 2004, Magie and Parkhurst, 2005, Bateman and McNeill, 2004, Stathopoulos et al., 2004, Lim and Choi, 2003, Chang et al., 2003, Spencer and Cagan, 2003, Rawlins et al., 2003, Maitra and Fehon, 2002, Frankfort et al., 2001, Bradley and Andrew, 2001, Martin-Blanco et al., 1999, Grifoni et al., 2005, Pallavi et al., 2006, Liu et al., 2006, Maitra et al., 2006, Brodu and Casanova, 2006, Sevrioukov et al., 2005, Doroquez et al., 2007, Yan et al., 2009, Zartman et al., 2009, Brodu et al., 2004, Kim et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2010, Ren et al., 2010, Helman et al., 2011) dpErk (Sonnenfeld et al., 2004, Simcox et al., 2008) dp-ERK (Ayala et al., 2005, Chang et al., 2003, Coppey et al., 2007, Li et al., 2009) DpErk (Bianco et al., 2007) DpERK (Figeac et al., 2010) dpERK1 (Usha and Shashidhara, 2010) dpMAPK (Lloyd et al., 2002, Kamimura et al., 2001, Nishimura et al., 2007, Baril and Therrien, 2006, Kamimura et al., 2006, Chanut-Delalande et al., 2010) Dsor2 (Kumar and Moses, 2000, Nishida et al., 1996) E(sina)7 (Carthew et al., 1994) EK2-1 (Therrien et al., 2000) ERK (Cui et al., 2008, McNeill et al., 2008, Read et al., 2005, Wilson et al., 2005, Griffiths and Hidalgo, 2004, Smallhorn et al., 2004, Li et al., 2003, Hoeffer et al., 2003, Kockel et al., 2001, Zeidler et al., 2000, Vrailas et al., 2005, Sanyal et al., 2005, Sackton et al., 2005, Rusconi et al., 2004, Gryzik and Muller, 2004, Frankfort and Mardon, 2004, Yang et al., 2003, Sathyanarayana et al., 2003, Hsiao et al., 2001, Shilo, 2003, Sanyal et al., 2003, Prober and Edgar, 2002, Schulz et al., 2002, Anselmo et al., 2002, Shim et al., 2001, Duchek et al., 2001, Loren et al., 2001, Glazer and Shilo, 2001, Yang and Baker, 2001, Duchek and Rorth, 2001, Kiger et al., 2000, zur Lage and Jarman, 1999, Amin et al., 1999, Millward et al., 1999, Imam et al., 1999, Chen and Chien, 1999, Yarnitzky et al., 1998, Vincent et al., 1998, Dumstrei et al., 1998, Hafen, 1998, Schnepp et al., 1998, Kockel et al., 1997, Biggs et al., 1994, Uhlirova and Bohmann, 2006, Hariharan, 2005, Mogila et al., 2007, Rodrigues et al., 2005, Friedman, 2007, Kim et al., 2006, Loren et al., 2003, Yoshida et al., 2004, Hashimoto and Yamaguchi, 2007, Walker et al., 2006, Friedman and Perrimon, 2006, Slack et al., 2010, Yu et al., 2008, Doroquez et al., 2007, Foltenyi et al., 2007, Sackton et al., 2007, Marques, 2005, Wech and Nagel, 2005, Bakal et al., 2008, Toledano-Katchalski et al., 2007, Nishimura et al., 2007, Miura et al., 2008, James et al., 2007, Xia et al., 2008, Lee et al., 2008, Coppey et al., 2008, Jovceva et al., 2007, Wairkar et al., 2009, Kadam et al., 2009, Mouchel-Vielh et al., 2008, Terriente-Félix and de Celis, 2009, O'Keefe et al., 2009, Guha et al., 2009, Lievens et al., 2005, Oishi et al., 2006, Liévens et al., 2008, Rewitz et al., 2009, Wang et al., 2008, Robinson et al., 2010, Yan et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2010, Lee et al., 2009, Tipping et al., 2010, Rendina et al., 2010, Jiang and Edgar, 2009, Grillo et al., 2011, Zeng et al., 2010, Buchon et al., 2010, Gutzwiller et al., 2010, Eliazer et al., 2011, Ren et al., 2010, Letizia et al., 2011, Jiang et al., 2011, Kim and McGinnis, 2011, Gouzi et al., 2011) erk (Caldwell et al., 2005, Jekely et al., 2005) Erk (De Velasco et al., 2004, Sears and Garrity, 2004, Davies, 2002, Wilson and Leptin, 2000, Kumar and Moses, 2000, Jimenez et al., 2000, Nunez and del Peso, 1998, Moon et al., 2006, Simcox et al., 2008, Cinnamon et al., 2008, Cabernard and Affolter, 2005, Read et al., 2009, Kanwar and Fortini, 2008, Graham et al., 2010, Stark et al., 2011, Eddison et al., 2011) Erk1 (Payre et al., 1999) Erk/Map kinase (Moses et al., 1999) ERKA (Bjorklund et al., 2006, Chen et al., 2002, Morrison et al., 2000, Spencer et al., 1998, Chen et al., 2002, Hashimoto and Yamaguchi, 2006) ERK-A (Claeys et al., 2002, Towers and Sattelle, 2002, Clemens et al., 2000, Biggs, 1992.10.2, Ip and Davis, 1998, Wilson et al., 1997, Nie et al., 2009) ERKa (Kultz, 1998) ErkA   EY2-2 (Rebay et al., 2000) GroupII (Ganetzky, 1977, Hilliker, 1976) l(2)41Ac (Dimitri et al., 2003) l(2R)EMS45-39 (Brittnacher and Ganetzky, 1989) MAPK (Douziech et al., 2006, Kim et al., 2007, Pantalacci, 2003, Wilson et al., 2005, Gilboa and Lehmann, 2004, Koh et al., 2002, Leopold, 2004, Roignant et al., 2005, Marenda et al., 2005, Ayala et al., 2005, Hasson et al., 2003, Carmena and Baylies, 2003, Douziech et al., 2003, Meister, 2004, Ivanovska et al., 2004, Martinho et al., 2004, Uv et al., 2003, Paquette et al., 2004, Barolo and Posakony, 2004, Nakamura and Matsuno, 2003, Kumar et al., 2003, Tittel and Steller, 2000, Freeman, 2001, Park et al., 2003, Shilo, 2003, Galindo et al., 2002, Brachmann and Cagan, 2003, Mlodzik, 2002, Oldham and Hafen, 2003, Stanewsky, 2003, Nakato and Kimata, 2002, Davies, 2002, Rodrigues and Moses, 2003, Hsu et al., 2003, Matsuda et al., 2003, Rebay, 2002, Galindo et al., 2002, Dumstrei et al., 2002, Cripps and Olson, 2002, Richardson and Kumar, 2002, Gorski and Marra, 2002, Ohshiro et al., 2002, Carmena et al., 2002, Morey et al., 2002, Bradley et al., 2002, Hsiung and Moses, 2002, Mills and Rebay, 2002, Lloyd et al., 2001, Roy et al., 2002, White, 2002, Zheng and Sehgal, 2001, Su et al., 2001, Smith et al., 2002, Williams et al., 2001, Kumar and Moses, 2001, Morrison, 2001, Bangs et al., 2000, Halfon et al., 2000, Flores et al., 2000, Oldham et al., 2000, Kumar and Moses, 2000, Kubota et al., 2000, Conley et al., 2000, Carmena et al., 2000, Martin-Bermudo, 2000, Brennan and Moses, 2000, Kuang et al., 2000, Carthew et al., 2000, Bergmann and Steller, 2000, McEwen et al., 2000, Therrien et al., 1999, Stronach and Perrimon, 1999, Ikeya and Hayashi, 1999, Lin et al., 1999, Wilson, 1999, Karim and Rubin, 1999, Guichard et al., 1999, Daniel et al., 1999, Ridley, 1999, Tien et al., 1999, Peri et al., 1999, Lorenzen et al., 1999, Chen and Chien, 1999, Carmena et al., 1999, Bergmann et al., 1999, Michelson et al., 1998, Ghiglione et al., 1999, Carmena et al., 1998, Perrimon and Duffy, 1998, Mantrova and Hsu, 1998, Hayashi et al., 1998, Rochwerger et al., 1998, Schnepp et al., 1998, Lu and Li, 1998, Karim and Rubin, 1998, Kurada et al., 1998, Karim and Rubin, 1998, Anonymous, 1997, Freeman, 1997, Karim et al., 1997, Sawamoto et al., 1997, Hsu and Mantrova, 1997, Hou et al., 1997, Klaembt et al., 1996, Liaw et al., 1995, Schweitzer et al., 1995, Rebay and Rubin, 1995, Gonzalez-Reyes et al., 1995, Marshall, 1994, Cinnamon et al., 2007, Majumdar and Marenda, 2007, Ashton-Beaucage and Therrien, 2007, Vrailas et al., 2006, Rodrigues et al., 2005, Roignant et al., 2006, Yuan et al., 2005, Sotillos and De Celis, 2005, Weber et al., 2007, Yoneda et al., 2007, Gilboa and Lehmann, 2006, Cinnamon et al., 2008, Galindo et al., 2005, Sample and Shvartsman, 2010, Voas and Rebay, 2004, Nagaraj and Banerjee, 2007, Yuva-Aydemir et al., 2011, Kuranaga and Miura, 2007, Kim et al., 2008, Coppey et al., 2008, Badrinath, 2008, Doroquez et al., 2007, Dawes-Hoang and Wieschaus, 2001, Stephan et al., 2008, Nallamothu et al., 2008, Lyulcheva et al., 2008, Monserrate and Baker Brachmann, 2007, Coppey et al., 2008, Nagaraj and Banerjee, 2009, Kadam et al., 2009, Berezhkovskii et al., 2009, Miura et al., 2008, Nie et al., 2009, Smith-Bolton et al., 2009, Klingseisen et al., 2009, Pagani et al., 2009, Kagesawa et al., 2008, Hsouna et al., 2007, Wu et al., 2009, Guichard et al., 2006, Beam and Moberg, 2010, Gonzalez-Gaitan and Jackle, 2000, Herr et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2010, Csiszar et al., 2010, Hsouna et al., 2010, Roignant and Treisman, 2010, Almudi et al., 2010, Grigorian et al., 2011, Macnamara et al., 2011, Majumdar et al., 2010) MAP-k (Decotto and Spradling, 2005) mapk (Therrien et al., 2000, Ashton-Beaucage et al., 2010) Mapk (Casci and Freeman, 1999, Kim et al., 2010, Aron et al., 2010, Graham et al., 2010) MapK (Flannery et al., 2010) pERK (Sen et al., 2004, Witte and Baumann, 2007, Herr et al., 2010, Charlton-Perkins et al., 2011) pMapK (Flannery et al., 2010) pMAPK (Majumdar et al., 2010) rl (Biggs et al., 1994, Cela and Llimargas, 2006, Walker et al., 2006, Lee et al., 2002, Harrison et al., 2005, Galindo et al., 2005, Gim et al., 2001, Yin et al., 2008, Sackton et al., 2007, Wech and Nagel, 2005, Tsai et al., 2008, Hou et al., 2008, Morey et al., 2003, Bruinsma et al., 2007, Fischer et al., 2009, Lu et al., 2009, Wairkar et al., 2009, Mensch et al., 2008, Angulo et al., 2004, Zeng et al., 2007, Corl et al., 2009, Brandt, 2006, Oishi et al., 2006, Oishi et al., 2009, Venken et al., 2009, Sims et al., 2009, de Wit et al., 2005, Aron et al., 2010, Beam and Moberg, 2010, Djiane and Mlodzik, 2010, Yan et al., 2010, Guichard et al., 2006, Ashton-Beaucage et al., 2010, Tipping et al., 2010, Maher et al., 2011, Eddison et al., 2011, Gouzi et al., 2011) Rl (Kitadate et al., 2007, Majumdar et al., 2010) rl/MAPK (Begemann et al., 1995) rll (Perrimon and Desplan, 1994) Sem (Roch et al., 1998, Kauffmann et al., 1995, Hafen et al., 1991, Rusch and Levine, 1994, ) sem (Jiang and Edgar, 2009) SEM (Majumdar et al., 2010) SR2-1 (Chang et al., 1994) Su(Raf)2B
Name Synonym	Diphospho-ERK (Chanut-Delalande et al., 2010) Drosophila ERK (Mogila et al., 2007, Kim et al., 2004) Enhancer of seven in absentia 7 (Carthew et al., 1994) ERK/rolled (Aron et al., 2010) Erk MAP kinase (Korochkina et al., 2005) Extracellular-regulated kinase A   extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Rewitz et al., 2009, Kim and McGinnis, 2011) extracellular signal-regulated kinase A (Chen et al., 2002) Extracellular-signal-related kinase A (Chen et al., 1995) MAP kinase (Spencer et al., 2005, Rodrigues et al., 2002, Moses et al., 2002, Frankfort and Mardon, 2002, Zhao and Skeath, 2002, Leevers, 1999, Kumar et al., 2001, Fiorini et al., 2001, Park et al., 2000, Prober and Edgar, 2000, White-Cooper et al., 1999, Sapir et al., 1999, Ikeya and Hayashi, 1999, Conlan and Raff, 1999, Skeath, 1998, Hall, 1998, Dickson, 1998, Spencer and Cagan, 1997, Sample and Shvartsman, 2010, Firth and Baker, 2003, Kagesawa et al., 2008) MAP-kinase (Chen and Courey, 2000) MAP Kinase (Csiszar et al., 2010) mitogen-activated protein kinase (Kim et al., 2007, Monserrate and Baker Brachmann, 2007, Kim et al., 2010, Graham et al., 2010) mitogen activated protein kinase (Stephan et al., 2008) phospho-ERK (Figeac et al., 2010) roll (Gomez et al., 2005) rolled (Arca, 1997.2.14, Luo and Dearolf, 1997, Jones et al., 2006, Yasuhara and Wakimoto, 2006, Vrailas et al., 2006, Biggs et al., 1994, Rossi et al., 2007, Charroux et al., 2006, Lee et al., 2002, Harrison et al., 2005, Gim et al., 2001, Dimitri et al., 2003, Sackton et al., 2007, Li et al., 2002, Wech and Nagel, 2005, Dimitri et al., 2003, Morey et al., 2003, Wairkar et al., 2009, Lu et al., 2009, Jiang and Edgar, 2009, Mouchel-Vielh et al., 2008, Fanti et al., 2008, Corl et al., 2009, Franzdóttir et al., 2009, Lievens et al., 2005, Oishi et al., 2006, Liévens et al., 2008, Guichard et al., 2006, de Wit et al., 2005, Robinson et al., 2010, Beam and Moberg, 2010, Tipping et al., 2010, Maher et al., 2011, Zhang et al., 2011) Rolled (Witte and Baumann, 2007, Friedman and Perrimon, 2006, Yoshida et al., 2004, Dawes-Hoang and Wieschaus, 2001, Astigarraga et al., 2007, Kitadate et al., 2007, Miura et al., 2008, Xia et al., 2008, Bruinsma et al., 2007, Lee et al., 2008, Kadam et al., 2009, Parra-Palau et al., 2005, Klingseisen et al., 2009, Zartman et al., 2009, Graham et al., 2010, Roignant and Treisman, 2010, Levin-Salomon et al., 2008) sevenmaker (Yamamoto, 1993, Hartley and White, 1990, Jiang and Edgar, 2009, Levin-Salomon et al., 2008) Sevenmaker (Karim and Rubin, 1998, )
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBan0012559 FBgn0005693 FBgn0039983 FBgn0042217 FBgn0047177
References ( 664 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 664 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 413 ) Supplementary material  ( 10 ) Review  ( 108 ) Erratum  ( 2 ) Retraction  ( 1 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 8 ) Abstract  ( 107 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 2 ) Letter  ( 2 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Book  ( 3 ) Computer file  ( 1 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 ) Conference report  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 43 )
	Charlton-Perkins et al., 2011, Neural Dev. 6: 20 Prospero and Pax2 combinatorially control neural cell fate decisions by modulating Ras- and Notch-dependent signaling. [FBrf0213993] Eddison et al., 2011, Neuron 70(5): 979--990 arouser Reveals a Role for Synapse Number in the Regulation of Ethanol Sensitivity. [FBrf0213908] Eliazer et al., 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(17): 7064--7069 Loss of lysine-specific demethylase 1 nonautonomously causes stem cell tumors in the Drosophila ovary. [FBrf0213593] Gouzi et al., 2011, PLoS Genet. 7(9): e1002281 The receptor tyrosine kinase alk controls neurofibromin functions in Drosophila growth and learning. [FBrf0216258] Grigorian et al., 2011, Dev. Biol. 353(1): 105--118 The convergence of Notch and MAPK signaling specifies the blood progenitor fate in the Drosophila mesoderm. [FBrf0213410] Grillo et al., 2011, Genetics 187(2): 513--521 Control of Germline torso Expression by the BTB/POZ Domain Protein Pipsqueak Is Required for Embryonic Terminal Patterning in Drosophila. [FBrf0213010] Helman et al., 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(13): 1102--1110 Phosphorylation of Groucho Mediates RTK Feedback Inhibition and Prolonged Pathway Target Gene Expression. [FBrf0214255] Horn et al., 2011, Nat. Methods 8(4): 341--346 Mapping of signaling networks through synthetic genetic interaction analysis by RNAi. [FBrf0213352] Jiang et al., 2011, Cell Stem Cell 8(1): 84--95 EGFR/Ras/MAPK Signaling Mediates Adult Midgut Epithelial Homeostasis and Regeneration in Drosophila. [FBrf0212694] Kim and McGinnis, 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(2): 650--655 Phosphorylation of Grainy head by ERK is essential for wound-dependent regeneration but not for development of an epidermal barrier. [FBrf0214191] Letizia et al., 2011, J. Cell Sci. 124(2): 240--251 Regulated Crb accumulation controls apical constriction and invagination in Drosophila tracheal cells. [FBrf0212559] Macnamara et al., 2011, J. Theor. Biol. 285(1): 136--146 Distinguishing graded and ultrasensitive signalling cascade kinetics by the shape of morphogen gradients in Drosophila. [FBrf0214818] Maher et al., 2011, Hum. Mol. Genet. 20(2): 261--270 ERK activation by the polyphenols fisetin and resveratrol provides neuroprotection in multiple models of Huntington's disease. [FBrf0212618] Mouchel-Vielh et al., 2011, BMC Dev. Biol. 11: 17 The MAP kinase ERK and its scaffold protein MP1 interact with the chromatin regulator Corto during Drosophila wing tissue development. [FBrf0213310] Stark et al., 2011, Cell. Signal. 23(5): 876--882 Protein kinase CK2 links polyamine metabolism to MAPK signalling in Drosophila. [FBrf0213122] Yuva-Aydemir et al., 2011, J. Neurosci. 31(19): 7005--7015 Spinster Controls Dpp Signaling during Glial Migration in the Drosophila Eye. [FBrf0213705] Zhang et al., 2011, Chromosoma 120(1): 97--108 Drosophila melanogaster heterochromatin protein HP1b plays important roles in transcriptional activation and development. [FBrf0212898] Almudi et al., 2010, J. Cell Sci. 123(22): 3857--3862 Competition between SOCS36E and Drk modulates Sevenless receptor tyrosine kinase activity. [FBrf0212242] Aron et al., 2010, PLoS Biol. 8(4): e1000349 Pro-Survival Role for Parkinson's Associated Gene DJ-1 Revealed in Trophically Impaired Dopaminergic Neurons. [FBrf0210541] Ashton-Beaucage et al., 2010, Cell 143(2): 251--262 The exon junction complex controls the splicing of MAPK and other long intron-containing transcripts in Drosophila. [FBrf0212064] Beam and Moberg, 2010, Fly 4(2): 104--116 The gang of four gene regulates growth and patterning of the developing Drosophila eye. [FBrf0211089] Buchon et al., 2010, BMC Biol. 8: 152 Drosophila EGFR pathway coordinates stem cell proliferation and gut remodeling following infection. [FBrf0212840] Chanut-Delalande et al., 2010, PLoS ONE 5(4): e10245 The Hrs/Stam complex acts as a positive and negative regulator of RTK signaling during Drosophila development. [FBrf0210685] Csiszar et al., 2010, Mol. Cell. Biol. 30(8): 2017--2027 A novel conserved phosphotyrosine motif in the Drosophila fibroblast growth factor signaling adaptor Dof with a redundant role in signal transmission. [FBrf0210374] Djiane and Mlodzik, 2010, PLoS ONE 5(6): e11228 The Drosophila GIPC homologue can modulate myosin based processes and planar cell polarity but is not essential for development. [FBrf0211141] Figeac et al., 2010, Development 137(12): 1965--1973 Drosophila adult muscle precursors form a network of interconnected cells and are specified by the rhomboid-triggered EGF pathway. [FBrf0210887] Flannery et al., 2010, Dev. Neurobiol. 70(7): 473--484 Induction of cellular growth by the axon guidance regulators Netrin A and Semaphorin-1a. [FBrf0210827] Gutzwiller et al., 2010, Dev. Biol. 348(2): 231--243 Proneural and abdominal Hox inputs synergize to promote sensory organ formation in the Drosophila abdomen. [FBrf0212265] Herr et al., 2010, Dev. Biol. 344(1): 36--51 Geminin and Brahma act antagonistically to regulate EGFR-Ras-MAPK signaling in Drosophila. [FBrf0211319] Hsouna et al., 2010, Mol. Cell. Biol. 30(15): 3779--3794 Drosophila von hippel-lindau tumor suppressor gene function in epithelial tubule morphogenesis. [FBrf0211250] Kim et al., 2010, Curr. Biol. 20(5): 446--451 MAPK Substrate Competition Integrates Patterning Signals in the Drosophila Embryo. [FBrf0210220] Majumdar et al., 2010, Fly 4(3): 204--212 MAP Kinase phosphorylation is dispensable for cell division, but required for cell growth in Drosophila. [FBrf0216352] Ren et al., 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(49): 21064--21069 Hippo signaling regulates Drosophila intestine stem cell proliferation through multiple pathways. [FBrf0212502] Rendina et al., 2010, Genetics 186(1): 167--181 Bap170, a Subunit of the Drosophila PBAP Chromatin Remodeling Complex, Negatively Regulates the EGFR Signaling. [FBrf0211845] Robinson et al., 2010, Curr. Biol. 20(7): 582--590 Crumbs regulates Salvador/Warts/Hippo signaling in Drosophila via the FERM-domain protein expanded. [FBrf0210560] Roignant and Treisman, 2010, Cell 143(2): 238--250 Exon Junction Complex Subunits Are Required to Splice Drosophila MAP Kinase, a Large Heterochromatic Gene. [FBrf0212083] Sample and Shvartsman, 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(22): 10092--10096 Multiscale modeling of diffusion in the early Drosophila embryo. [FBrf0211013] Slack et al., 2010, PLoS Genet. 6(3): e1000881 Regulation of lifespan, metabolism, and stress responses by the Drosophila SH2B protein, Lnk. [FBrf0210418] Tipping et al., 2010, EMBO J. 29(19): 3222--3235 β-arrestin Kurtz inhibits MAPK and Toll signalling in Drosophila development. [FBrf0211995] Usha and Shashidhara, 2010, Dev. Biol. 341(2): 389--399 Interaction between Ataxin-2 Binding Protein 1 and Cubitus-interruptus during wing development in Drosophila. [FBrf0210647] Wang et al., 2010, Dev. Cell 18(1): 157--164 Spatial Restriction of FGF Signaling by a Matrix Metalloprotease Controls Branching Morphogenesis. [FBrf0209956] Yan et al., 2010, Curr. Biol. 20(15): 1378--1382 Rabex-5 Ubiquitin Ligase Activity Restricts Ras Signaling to Establish Pathway Homeostasis in Drosophila. [FBrf0211477] Zeng et al., 2010, J. Cell. Physiol. 224(3): 766--774 Tumor suppressors Sav/scrib and oncogene ras regulate stem-cell transformation in adult Drosophila malpighian tubules. [FBrf0211181] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews ( 1 )
	Graham et al., 2010, Development 137(14): 2265--2278 Modeling bistable cell-fate choices in the Drosophila eye: qualitative and quantitative perspectives. [FBrf0211114] Show all reviews ...