Gene Dmel\RpII215

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General Information

Symbol

Dmel\RpII215

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

RNA polymerase II 215kD subunit

Annotation symbol

CG1554

Feature type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0003277

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock availability

19 publicly available

Also Known As

Pol II, PolII, CTD, RNAPII, RNA Pol II, Pol IIa, Pol IIo^ser2, Rpb1, Pol IIo, Pol II CTD

Genomic Location

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

1-35.66

Cytogenetic map

10C6-10C6

Sequence location

X:11,456,806..11,464,355 [-]

Genomic Maps

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modENCODE GBrowse

Summary Information

Automatically generated summary

See sections below for more information

The gene RNA polymerase II 215kD subunit is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\RpII215 (CG1554, FBgn0003277). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Based on sequence similarity, it is predicted to have molecular function: DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint. 174 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: haltere; capitellum. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: RNA polymerase II, heptapeptide repeat, eukaryotic; RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 1; RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 3; RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 4; RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 5; RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 6; RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 7; RNA polymerase, N-terminal; RNA polymerase, alpha subunit. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-18 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Nearly all larval and adult organs/tissues expressed at moderate or high levels. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system, adult crop, larval hindgut, adult fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male accessory gland, larval carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, adult central nervous system, larval/adult midgut, adult hindgut, larval Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval fat body, adult carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1640764_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of RpII215. Gene sequence location is X:11456806..11464355.

External Summaries

Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)

Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage

RpII215: RNA polymeraseII-215 kd subunit

The structural gene encoding the 215 kd subunit of RNA polymerase II [RNA nucleotidyl transferase (EC 2.7.7.6)]. This subunit highly conserved as inferred from the cross reaction of antiserum from the large subunit of calf RNA polymerase II with enzyme isolated from Drosophila as well as that from yeast and wheat germ (Carrol and Stollar, 1983, J. Mol. Biol. 170: 777-90); also amino-acid sequence homology detected with the β' subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase (Biggs, Searles, and Greenleaf, 1985, Cell 42: 611-21). Dosage compensated at the level of transcription (Faust, Penkawitz-Pohl, Falkenberg, Gasch, Biabjah, Young, and Bautz, 1986, EMBO J. 5: 741-46).

RpII2154

This allele was selected as an amanitin resistant mutation; RpII2154/+ females produce equal amounts or amanitin-sensitive and -resistant enzyme and are themselves amanitin resistant. Generally a viable allele, but survival in combination with RpII21563 and RpII21586 reduced, and with RpII21551 and RpII21578 survival is zero. RNA polymerase isolated from embryos homozygous for this allele is 250 times less sensitive to inhibition by alpha amanitin than that from wild type; resistance attributable to reduced amanitin binding; otherwise RNA polymerase normal in all respects except that there is some reduction in activity in the presence of Mg2+; stable to thermal denaturation (Coulter and Greenleaf, 1982, J. Biol. Chem. 157: 1945-52). Flies carrying both RpII2154 and RpII215+ display an Ultrabithorax-like phenotype, with enlarged halteres, and an enhancing effect on expression of Ubx [Greenleaf et al., 1980; Voelker, Wisely, Huang, and Gyurkovics, 1985, Mol. Gen. Genet. 201: 437-45 (fig.)]. Measurements of haltere size in TM6/+ females of various constitutions produced the following: 4/+/+ > 4/+ > 4/4/+ > 4/4 = 4/0 = +/+. The haltere effect of RpII2154 is abolished in heteroallelic combination with RpII2157, RpII215H1, and RpII215K2. RpII2154 decreases the Ubx effect of RpII215Ubl. Heterozygotes also exhibit increased numbers of duplicated bristles in Dl/+ (Mortin et al.). Males carrying RpII2154 on their X plus a normal allele on Dp(1;Y)BS-v+y+ are nearly sterile, and those carrying the normal allele instead on Dp(1;2)v65b are sterile (Voelker et al.).

RpII2157

Cold-sensitive lethal; survives at 28 with nearly wild-type viability, but is lethal at lower temperatures. Surviving males are fertile, whereas homozygous females are sterile. Displays slight increase in haltere size in RpII2157/+; Ubx/+ females. Lethal in combination with RpII215Ubl. Ubx effect inhibited in trans heterozygotes with other interacting alleles. In viable heterozygotes, causes an increase in the number of duplicated bristles in Dl/+ and, in males carrying a duplicated normal allele, produces sex combs on the middle legs.

RpII215106

Homozygous lethal; RpII215106/RpII215106 females with a duplication for RpII215+ display about 50% normal viability, and are fertile when crossed to wild type, but nearly sterile in crosses to RpII215Ubl males with a duplication for RpII215+; all surviving progeny of the latter cross display a hyperabdominal-like phenotype; the females lack metathoracic legs and/or halteres in addition to having extra abdominal tissue; this phenotype barely detectable in offspring of crosses to normal males.

RpII215109

Homozygous lethal; RpII215109/RpII215109 /Dp(1;1)RpII215+ females display about 50% normal viability, are fertile when crossed to wild type, but fertility only 50% normal in crosses to RpII215Ubl/Dp(1;1)RpII215+ males; offspring from the latter cross have darkened eyes, thin bristles, and are sterile.

RpII215H1

Homozygous and hemizygous viable. Exhibits slight enhancement of Ubx when heterozygous to + but not in heteroallelic combination with any of the interacting mutant alleles; it decreases the enhancing effects of RpII215Ubl. Increases the number of duplicated bristles of Dl/+ in all genotypes.

RpII215K1

Temperature-sensitive recessive lethal; flies survive at 19 but not at 29. Although not displaying the Ubx-enhancing effect in combination with +, it does inhibit the effect of RpII2154 at 29 but not at 25 or 19.

RpII215K2

Homozygous and hemizygous viable; homozygous females sterile. Exhibits slight enhancement of Ubx when heterozygous to + but not in heteroallelic combination with any of the interacting mutant alleles; it decreases the enhancing effects of RpII215Ubl. Increases the number of duplicated bristles of Dl/+ in all genotypes. Temperature-sensitive period for effects on both Ubx and Dl from third larval instar until mid-pupal stage.

RpII215ts

Encodes a heat labile RNA polymerase subunit, as measured in vitro (Coulter and Greenleaf, 1982, J. Biol. Chem. 157: 1945-52) and by sterilizing effects on females and lethal effects on embryos. Females shifted from 22 to 29 become sterile, although their eggs laid during the first 24 hr appear normal morphologically; after 24 hr, embryonic development is visibly abnormal. Embryonic abnormalities include holes in the ventral cuticle and abnormal pharyngeal structures. Partial rescue of the sterility can be achieved by shifting newly laid eggs to 22 or by fertilization of eggs of RpII215ts females with wild-type sperm; the degree of rescue decreases as the time that the females have been held at 29 increases. Abnormalities of embryos dying despite rescue attempts mimic the phenotypes of pair-rule and segment-polarity mutants; surviving adults resemble Hab in lacking one or both halteres and metathoracic legs. In RpII215ts/+//RpII215ts/0 gynandromorphs, the RpII215ts/0 tissue appears to occupy more territory than expected, as though it had a proliferative advantage over the RpII215ts/+ tissue (Mortin, Perrimon, and Bonner, 1985, Mol. Gen. Genet. 201: 437-45).

RpII215Ubl: Ultrabithorax-like

Homozygous and hemizygous lethal. Heterozygotes mimic Ubx in adding several hairs to and enlarging the capitellum of the haltere; females homozygous for RpII215Ubl, surviving by virtue of a duplication for RpII215+, more severely affected with capitellum approximately three times the size of that observed in RpII215Ubl/+ and with two or more rows of bristles; about 10% normal viability; poorly fertile in crosses to wild type; sterile when crossed to RpII215Ubl males with a duplication of RpII215+. Similarly males with one mutant and one normal allele are more extreme than females with one mutant and two normal alleles. Acts as a dosage sensitive enhancer of Ubx, transforming halteres into wing-like structures; enhancement by RpII215Ubl/RpII215Ubl/+ > RpII215Ubl/+ > RpII215Ubl/+/+. RpII215Ubl/+ interacts with heterozygotes for bx3 and bx7 but not bx1 to produce enlarged capitellum, and with bxd100/+ to transform halteres into wing-like structures; extra doses of Ubx+ counteract the enhancing effects of RpII215Ubl. A second interaction with Ubx/+ is the production of miscadestral-like pigmentation. Ubx enhancement by RpII215Ubl reduced in trans heterozygotes with other interacting alleles (Mortin et al.). Furthermore in RpII215Ubl/+//RpII215Ubl/0 gynandromorphs, the X0 tissue is without any RpII215Ubl phenotype, displaying neither enlarged halteres nor enhancement of Ubx expression, whereas the XX tissue exhibits both enlarged halteres and Ubx enhancement (Mortin, Perrimon, and Bonner, 1985, Mol. Gen. Genet. 201: 437-45). RpII215Ubl/+ also display increased frequencies of duplicated bristles in Dl/+, and in some crosses causes Sb/+ flies to exhibit shortened and broadened wings whose longitudinal veins fail to reach the margin (Mortin et al.). RpII215Ubl in heterozygous combination with deficiencies for either ct or sno is lethal and with lethal alleles of ct produces a strong cut phenotype; produces a mutant phenotype of allele specific severity in heterozygous combination with deficiencies for or lethal alleles of br, N, dm, slc, bi, oc, m, sd, and sw; interacts with heterozygotes for mutant alleles of oc, sno, and sw, but not the others; no interaction with dor, sn, ras, or g deficiencies. Influence of the maternal genotype apparent since patroclinous RpII215Ubl/Y and RpII215Ubl/0 males from non mutant mothers survive at 20% the expected rate; they are phenotypically normal but are sterile (Voelker et al.).

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FB2011_10

FB2012_01

Controlled Vocabulary Terms

nucleus

References

Vatolina et al., 2011, Genetika, Moscow 47(5): 597--609

Ardehali et al., 2011, EMBO J. 30(14): 2817--2828

Vatolina et al., 2011, Russ. J. Genet. 47(5): 521--532

Lin et al., 2010, Mol. Cell 37(3): 429--437

Andersen et al., 2010, Mol. Cell. Biol. 30(19): 4744--4755

Guertin and Lis, 2010, PLoS Genet. 6(9):

Karam et al., 2010, PLoS Genet. 6(6): e1000975

Sequence features

HFA20280

BKN20898

All updates

Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.

Detailed Mapping Data

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

10C6-10C6

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

10C1-10C2