FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\RpII215

RNA POLYMERASE II -: The RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) is a multi-subunit enzyme that transcribes protein-coding genes to produce mRNAs. RNAPII also transcribes various other types of RNAs, including snRNA, small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), microRNA, piRNA and long noncoding RNA. For transcription initiation, RNAPII assembles with the general transcription factors at promoter DNA to form the pre-initiation complex. (Adapted from FBrf0228779, FBrf0213652, PMID:25693126, PMID:23463798 and PMID:17318225).
RNA POLYMERASE II CATALYTIC CORE SUBUNITS -: DNA-directed RNA polymerases catalyze the synthesis of RNA from DNA templates. Nuclear DNA is transcribed by three different multi-subunit polymerases, RNA Pol I, II and III. RNA Pol II synthesizes messenger RNAs. Although composed of 12 subunits, RNA Pol II contains a ten-subunit catalytic core, of which several subunits are shared with RNA Pol I and III. (Adapted from PMID:22365827 and PMID:19540940.)

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Largest and catalytic component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Forms the polymerase active center together with the second largest subunit. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB1 is part of the core element with the central large cleft, the clamp element that moves to open and close the cleft and the jaws that are thought to grab the incoming DNA template. At the start of transcription, a single-stranded DNA template strand of the promoter is positioned within the central active site cleft of Pol II. A bridging helix emanates from RPB1 and crosses the cleft near the catalytic site and is thought to promote translocation of Pol II by acting as a ratchet that moves the RNA-DNA hybrid through the active site by switching from straight to bent conformations at each step of nucleotide addition. During transcription elongation, Pol II moves on the template as the transcript elongates. Elongation is influenced by the phosphorylation status of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of Pol II largest subunit (RPB1), which serves as a platform for assembly of factors that regulate transcription initiation, elongation, termination and mRNA processing (By similarity).

(UniProt, P04052)

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

RpII215: RNA polymeraseII-215 kd subunit

The structural gene encoding the 215 kd subunit of RNA polymerase II [RNA nucleotidyl transferase (EC 2.7.7.6)]. This subunit highly conserved as inferred from the cross reaction of antiserum from the large subunit of calf RNA polymerase II with enzyme isolated from Drosophila as well as that from yeast and wheat germ (Carrol and Stollar, 1983, J. Mol. Biol. 170: 777-90); also amino-acid sequence homology detected with the β' subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase (Biggs, Searles, and Greenleaf, 1985, Cell 42: 611-21). Dosage compensated at the level of transcription (Faust, Penkawitz-Pohl, Falkenberg, Gasch, Biabjah, Young, and Bautz, 1986, EMBO J. 5: 741-46).

RpII2154

This allele was selected as an amanitin resistant mutation; RpII2154/+ females produce equal amounts or amanitin-sensitive and -resistant enzyme and are themselves amanitin resistant. Generally a viable allele, but survival in combination with RpII21563 and RpII21586 reduced, and with RpII21551 and RpII21578 survival is zero. RNA polymerase isolated from embryos homozygous for this allele is 250 times less sensitive to inhibition by alpha amanitin than that from wild type; resistance attributable to reduced amanitin binding; otherwise RNA polymerase normal in all respects except that there is some reduction in activity in the presence of Mg2+; stable to thermal denaturation (Coulter and Greenleaf, 1982, J. Biol. Chem. 157: 1945-52). Flies carrying both RpII2154 and RpII215+ display an Ultrabithorax-like phenotype, with enlarged halteres, and an enhancing effect on expression of Ubx [Greenleaf et al., 1980; Voelker, Wisely, Huang, and Gyurkovics, 1985, Mol. Gen. Genet. 201: 437-45 (fig.)]. Measurements of haltere size in TM6/+ females of various constitutions produced the following: 4/+/+ > 4/+ > 4/4/+ > 4/4 = 4/0 = +/+. The haltere effect of RpII2154 is abolished in heteroallelic combination with RpII2157, RpII215H1, and RpII215K2. RpII2154 decreases the Ubx effect of RpII215Ubl. Heterozygotes also exhibit increased numbers of duplicated bristles in Dl/+ (Mortin et al.). Males carrying RpII2154 on their X plus a normal allele on Dp(1;Y)BS-v+y+ are nearly sterile, and those carrying the normal allele instead on Dp(1;2)v65b are sterile (Voelker et al.).

RpII2157

Cold-sensitive lethal; survives at 28 with nearly wild-type viability, but is lethal at lower temperatures. Surviving males are fertile, whereas homozygous females are sterile. Displays slight increase in haltere size in RpII2157/+; Ubx/+ females. Lethal in combination with RpII215Ubl. Ubx effect inhibited in trans heterozygotes with other interacting alleles. In viable heterozygotes, causes an increase in the number of duplicated bristles in Dl/+ and, in males carrying a duplicated normal allele, produces sex combs on the middle legs.

RpII215106

Homozygous lethal; RpII215106/RpII215106 females with a duplication for RpII215+ display about 50% normal viability, and are fertile when crossed to wild type, but nearly sterile in crosses to RpII215Ubl males with a duplication for RpII215+; all surviving progeny of the latter cross display a hyperabdominal-like phenotype; the females lack metathoracic legs and/or halteres in addition to having extra abdominal tissue; this phenotype barely detectable in offspring of crosses to normal males.

RpII215109

Homozygous lethal; RpII215109/RpII215109 /Dp(1;1)RpII215+ females display about 50% normal viability, are fertile when crossed to wild type, but fertility only 50% normal in crosses to RpII215Ubl/Dp(1;1)RpII215+ males; offspring from the latter cross have darkened eyes, thin bristles, and are sterile.

RpII215H1

Homozygous and hemizygous viable. Exhibits slight enhancement of Ubx when heterozygous to + but not in heteroallelic combination with any of the interacting mutant alleles; it decreases the enhancing effects of RpII215Ubl. Increases the number of duplicated bristles of Dl/+ in all genotypes.

RpII215K1

Temperature-sensitive recessive lethal; flies survive at 19 but not at 29. Although not displaying the Ubx-enhancing effect in combination with +, it does inhibit the effect of RpII2154 at 29 but not at 25 or 19.

RpII215K2

Homozygous and hemizygous viable; homozygous females sterile. Exhibits slight enhancement of Ubx when heterozygous to + but not in heteroallelic combination with any of the interacting mutant alleles; it decreases the enhancing effects of RpII215Ubl. Increases the number of duplicated bristles of Dl/+ in all genotypes. Temperature-sensitive period for effects on both Ubx and Dl from third larval instar until mid-pupal stage.

RpII215ts

Encodes a heat labile RNA polymerase subunit, as measured in vitro (Coulter and Greenleaf, 1982, J. Biol. Chem. 157: 1945-52) and by sterilizing effects on females and lethal effects on embryos. Females shifted from 22 to 29 become sterile, although their eggs laid during the first 24 hr appear normal morphologically; after 24 hr, embryonic development is visibly abnormal. Embryonic abnormalities include holes in the ventral cuticle and abnormal pharyngeal structures. Partial rescue of the sterility can be achieved by shifting newly laid eggs to 22 or by fertilization of eggs of RpII215ts females with wild-type sperm; the degree of rescue decreases as the time that the females have been held at 29 increases. Abnormalities of embryos dying despite rescue attempts mimic the phenotypes of pair-rule and segment-polarity mutants; surviving adults resemble Hab in lacking one or both halteres and metathoracic legs. In RpII215ts/+//RpII215ts/0 gynandromorphs, the RpII215ts/0 tissue appears to occupy more territory than expected, as though it had a proliferative advantage over the RpII215ts/+ tissue (Mortin, Perrimon, and Bonner, 1985, Mol. Gen. Genet. 201: 437-45).

RpII215Ubl: Ultrabithorax-like

Homozygous and hemizygous lethal. Heterozygotes mimic Ubx in adding several hairs to and enlarging the capitellum of the haltere; females homozygous for RpII215Ubl, surviving by virtue of a duplication for RpII215+, more severely affected with capitellum approximately three times the size of that observed in RpII215Ubl/+ and with two or more rows of bristles; about 10% normal viability; poorly fertile in crosses to wild type; sterile when crossed to RpII215Ubl males with a duplication of RpII215+. Similarly males with one mutant and one normal allele are more extreme than females with one mutant and two normal alleles. Acts as a dosage sensitive enhancer of Ubx, transforming halteres into wing-like structures; enhancement by RpII215Ubl/RpII215Ubl/+ > RpII215Ubl/+ > RpII215Ubl/+/+. RpII215Ubl/+ interacts with heterozygotes for bx3 and bx7 but not bx1 to produce enlarged capitellum, and with bxd100/+ to transform halteres into wing-like structures; extra doses of Ubx+ counteract the enhancing effects of RpII215Ubl. A second interaction with Ubx/+ is the production of miscadestral-like pigmentation. Ubx enhancement by RpII215Ubl reduced in trans heterozygotes with other interacting alleles (Mortin et al.). Furthermore in RpII215Ubl/+//RpII215Ubl/0 gynandromorphs, the X0 tissue is without any RpII215Ubl phenotype, displaying neither enlarged halteres nor enhancement of Ubx expression, whereas the XX tissue exhibits both enlarged halteres and Ubx enhancement (Mortin, Perrimon, and Bonner, 1985, Mol. Gen. Genet. 201: 437-45). RpII215Ubl/+ also display increased frequencies of duplicated bristles in Dl/+, and in some crosses causes Sb/+ flies to exhibit shortened and broadened wings whose longitudinal veins fail to reach the margin (Mortin et al.). RpII215Ubl in heterozygous combination with deficiencies for either ct or sno is lethal and with lethal alleles of ct produces a strong cut phenotype; produces a mutant phenotype of allele specific severity in heterozygous combination with deficiencies for or lethal alleles of br, N, dm, slc, bi, oc, m, sd, and sw; interacts with heterozygotes for mutant alleles of oc, sno, and sw, but not the others; no interaction with dor, sn, ras, or g deficiencies. Influence of the maternal genotype apparent since patroclinous RpII215Ubl/Y and RpII215Ubl/0 males from non mutant mothers survive at 20% the expected rate; they are phenotypically normal but are sterile (Voelker et al.).

Summary (Interactive Fly)

large subunit of the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template - context-dependent conformational switches and biased dephosphorylation suggest a mechanism for the selective recruitment of cis-proline-specific regulatory factors and region-specific modulation of the C-terminal domain code that may augment gene regulation

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\RpII215 or the JBrowse view of Dmel\RpII215 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

RpII215-RA

FBtr0073542

NM_078569

6736

1887

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank

RpII215-PA

FBpp0073387

209.2

1887

7.87

NP_511124

AAF48057

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Post Translational Modification

The tandem 7 residues repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) can be highly phosphorylated. The phosphorylation activates Pol II. Phosphorylation occurs mainly at residues 'Ser-2' and 'Ser-5' of the heptapeptide repeat. The phosphorylation state is believed to result from the balanced action of site-specific CTD kinases and phosphatase, and a 'CTD code' that specifies the position of Pol II within the transcription cycle has been proposed.

(UniProt, P04052)

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Component of the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complex consisting of 12 subunits.

(UniProt, P04052)

Domain

The C-terminal domain (CTD) serves as a platform for assembly of factors that regulate transcription initiation, elongation, termination and mRNA processing.

(UniProt, P04052)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\RpII215 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

RpII215_1

Linkouts

Gene Ontology (8 terms)

Molecular Function (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

DNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity

inferred from direct assay

(Brickey and Greenleaf, 1995, Zehring et al., 1988)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

DNA binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000684, InterPro:IPR000722, InterPro:IPR006592, InterPro:IPR007066, InterPro:IPR007073, InterPro:IPR007075, InterPro:IPR007080, InterPro:IPR007081, InterPro:IPR007083

(assigned by InterPro )

(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)

contributes_to RNA polymerase II activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000453465

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

non-traceable author statement

(Aoyagi and Wassarman, 2000)

Biological Process (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

transcription by RNA polymerase II

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with HGNC:9187

(Aoyagi and Wassarman, 2000)

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000002299

(Aoyagi and Wassarman, 2000)

Cellular Component (4 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Gu et al., 2002)

polytene chromosome

inferred from direct assay

(Nagy et al., 2010)

polytene chromosome puff

inferred from direct assay

(Shaiu and Hsieh, 1998, Fleischmann et al., 1984)

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Pankotai et al., 2010)

RNA polymerase II, core complex

inferred from direct assay

(Gu et al., 2002, Greenleaf, 1983)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

RNA polymerase II, core complex

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with HGNC:9187

(Aoyagi and Wassarman, 2000)

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000002299

(Aoyagi and Wassarman, 2000)

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000453465

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

Expression Data

Expression Summary Ribbons

Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.

For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.

Transcript Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 8

organism | ubiquitous

(Sung et al., 2013)

western blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 8

organism

(Sung et al., 2013)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Gu et al., 2002)

polytene chromosome

inferred from direct assay

(Nagy et al., 2010)

polytene chromosome puff

inferred from direct assay

(Shaiu and Hsieh, 1998, Fleischmann et al., 1984)

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Pankotai et al., 2010)

RNA polymerase II, core complex

inferred from direct assay

(Gu et al., 2002, Greenleaf, 1983)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\RpII215 in GBrowse 2

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\RpII215

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\RpII215

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

FBgn0003277

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

CG1554-RA

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG1554

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0003277

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, and Transgenic Constructs

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 178 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 29 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of RpII215

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of RpII215

Deletions and Duplications ( 19 )

Duplicated in

Dp(1;2)v⁺65b

(Eeken et al., 1985)

Dp(1;3)DC241

(Popodi et al., 2010-, Venken et al., 2010)

Dp(1;3)v⁺74c

(Eeken et al., 1985)

Dp(1;Y)y⁺v⁺#3

(Eeken et al., 1985, Voelker et al., 1984, Mortin and Kaufman, 1982)

Not duplicated in

Dp(1;2)v⁺63i

(Eeken et al., 1985)

Dp(1;2)v⁺75d

(Eeken et al., 1985, Voelker et al., 1985)

Dp(1;Y)v⁺y⁺

(Voelker et al., 1985)

Disrupted in

Df(1)52

(Meller and Rattner, 2002)

Df(1)HA85

(Voelker et al., 1985)

Df(1)m259-4

(Eeken et al., 1985, Voelker et al., 1985, Mortin and Kaufman, 1982)

Df(1)N71

(Eeken et al., 1985, Voelker et al., 1985)

Df(1)v-N48

(Voelker et al., 1985)

Not disrupted in

Df(1)GA112

(Voelker et al., 1985)

Df(1)HF368

(Eeken et al., 1985)

Df(1)HM456

(Voelker et al., 1985)

Df(1)RA37

(Voelker et al., 1985)

Df(1)v-L3

(Eeken et al., 1985)

Df(1)v-L4

(Eeken et al., 1985)

Df(1)v-L15

(Eeken et al., 1985)

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

FlyBase_internaltransgene_features:cell lethal:cell lethal | somatic clone

RpII215^ts

cell lethal | germline clone

RpII215¹⁰⁸

lethal

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

RpII215^GL01068

lethal | heat sensitive

lethal | recessive | cold sensitive

lethal | recessive | heat sensitive

lethal - all die before end of embryonic stage

lethal - all die before end of embryonic stage | recessive

RpII215¹⁰⁸

lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive

RpII215¹

lethal - all die before end of P-stage | male

RpII215^52con.FLAG

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

RpII215^GD4255

lethal - all die during P-stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

RpII215^GD4255

partially lethal - majority live, with RpII215^{42con.UAS.Tag:FLAG}, Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

RpII215^GL01068

partially lethal - majority live, with RpII215^GL01068, Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

partially lethal - majority live, with RpII215^{human.UAS.Tag:FLAG}, Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

RpII215^GL01068

viable | male

Sterility

Allele

female sterile

RpII215^K2

female sterile | germline clone

RpII215^ts

female sterile | recessive

RpII215⁷

female sterile | recessive | heat sensitive

RpII215^ts

fertile

RpII215^EY06155

male fertile

male semi-fertile

male semi-sterile | recessive | heat sensitive

RpII215^ts

male sterile

RpII215^42con.FLAG

sterile | temperature conditional

RpII215^ts

Other Phenotypes

Allele

chemical resistant

decreased cell number | somatic clone

RpII215^ts

decreased occurrence of cell division | somatic clone

RpII215^ts

size defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

RpII215^GL01068

some die during embryonic stage

some die during embryonic stage | recessive

RpII215¹⁰⁸

some die during larval stage | recessive

RpII215¹

some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

RpII215^GD4255

visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

RpII215^GL01068

visible | dominant

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

capitellum

embryo

RpII215^ts

haltere

RpII215^Ubl

oocyte | germline clone

ovariole | germline clone

RpII215¹

prothoracic tarsal segment 2 | male

RpII215⁷

wing, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

RpII215^GL01068

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Download All OrthoDB Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)

Homo sapiens (Human) (3)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Hsap\POLR2A

12 of 15

Yes

Hsap\POLR3A

2 of 15

Hsap\UBXN7

1 of 15

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (3)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Mmus\Polr2a

14 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Polr3a

2 of 15

Mmus\Ubxn7

1 of 15

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (3)

Rnor\Polr2a

12 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Polr3a

2 of 13

Rnor\LOC100911374

1 of 13

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)

Xtro\polr3a

1 of 12

Xtro\ubxn7

1 of 12

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (4)

Drer\polr2a

12 of 15

Yes

Drer\polr3a

2 of 15

Drer\csgalnact1b

1 of 15

Drer\ubxn7

1 of 15

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)

Cele\ama-1

12 of 15

Yes

Cele\rpc-1

2 of 15

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (2)

Atha\NRPB1

9 of 9

Yes

Atha\NRPC1

1 of 9

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (2)

Scer\RPO21

14 of 15

Yes

Scer\RPO31

2 of 15

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)

Spom\rpb1

12 of 12

Yes

Spom\rpc1

1 of 12

Orthologs in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091900F8 )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

AAA Syntenic Ortholog

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Drosophila melanogaster

fruit fly

Dmel\RpII215

Drosophila suzukii

Spotted wing Drosophila

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila sechellia

Drosophila erecta

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila ananassae

Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura

Dpse\RpII215

Drosophila persimilis

Dper\GL26742

Drosophila willistoni

Dwil\GK25468

Drosophila virilis

Dvir\GJ15949

Drosophila mojavensis

Dmoj\GI16472

Drosophila grimshawi

Dgri\GH17604

Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG0915009E )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Musca domestica

House fly

Mdoa\17010003

Glossina morsitans

Tsetse fly

Gmor\GMOY006579

Lucilia cuprina

Australian sheep blowfly

Lcup\FF38_07554

Mayetiola destructor

Hessian fly

Mdes\Mdes011948

Aedes aegypti

Yellow fever mosquito

Aaeg\AAEL017363

Anopheles darlingi

American malaria mosquito

Adar\ADAC000842

Anopheles gambiae

Malaria mosquito

Agam\AGAP007810

Culex quinquefasciatus

Southern house mosquito

Cqui\CPIJ016666

Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W008D )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Bombyx mori

Silkmoth

Bmor\BGIBMGA003484

Danaus plexippus

Monarch butterfly

Dple\DPOGS203690-PA

Heliconius melpomene

Postman butterfly

Hmel\HMEL013314

Apis florea

Little honeybee

Aflo\3157290820

Apis mellifera

Western honey bee

Amel\GB48305

Bombus impatiens

Common eastern bumble bee

Bimp\BIMP19199

Bombus terrestris

Buff-tailed bumblebee

Bter\15213154

Linepithema humile

Argentine ant

Lhum\LH23079

Megachile rotundata

Alfalfa leafcutting bee

Mrot\MROTU:00170a

Nasonia vitripennis

Parasitic wasp

Nvit\Nasvi2EG009100

Dendroctonus ponderosae

Mountain pine beetle

Dpod\YQE_08734

Tribolium castaneum

Red flour beetle

Tcas\TC009471

Pediculus humanus

Human body louse

Phum\PHUM268230

Rhodnius prolixus

Kissing bug

Rpro\RPRC012003

Cimex lectularius

Bed bug

Clec\CLEC002348

Acyrthosiphon pisum

Pea aphid

Apim\ACYPI003484

Acyrthosiphon pisum

Pea aphid

Apim\ACYPI004235

Zootermopsis nevadensis

Nevada dampwood termite

Znev\Znev_04211

Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X007S )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Strigamia maritima

European centipede

Smar\SMAR005468

Strigamia maritima

European centipede

Smar\SMAR011868

Ixodes scapularis

Black-legged tick

Isca\ISCW004607

Stegodyphus mimosarum

African social velvet spider

Smim\KFM80989.1

Tetranychus urticae

Two-spotted spider mite

Turt\tetur12g03240

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_306846

Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G00CH )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\Sp-Polr2a-2

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\Sp-Polr2a

Ciona intestinalis

Vase tunicate

Cint\ENSCING00000007884

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v7.1)

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (2)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

3 of 10

2 of 10

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Model Summary Ribbon

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

POLR2A; RNA polymerase II subunit A

12 of 15

180660

NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER WITH HYPOTONIA AND VARIABLE INTELLECTUAL AND BEHAVIORAL ABNORMALITIES; NEDHIB

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Interactions Browser

View in Interactions Browser

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

RpII215 - AGO1

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Mondal et al., 2018, Kavi and Birchler, 2009)

RpII215 - AGO2

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Cernilogar et al., 2011)

RpII215 - CG7483

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Singh et al., 2019)

RpII215 - CG8117

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based

(Rhee et al., 2014)

RpII215 - Cdk12

enzymatic study, autoradiography

(Bartkowiak et al., 2010)

RpII215 - Dcr-2

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Cernilogar et al., 2011, Kavi and Birchler, 2009)

RpII215 - HP1b

pull down, anti tag western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Lee et al., 2019)

RpII215 - HP1c

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, anti tag western blot

(Lee et al., 2019, Kwon et al., 2010)

RpII215 - Hrb87F

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Singh et al., 2019)

RpII215 - Hsp83

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Benbahouche et al., 2014)

RpII215 - Lam

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Nazer et al., 2018)

RpII215 - Nelf-E

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation

(Nazer et al., 2018, Cernilogar et al., 2011)

RpII215 - PNUTS

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation

(Ciurciu et al., 2013)

RpII215 - Pc

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Tie et al., 2016)

RpII215 - Pcf11

pull down, anti tag western blot

(Zhang and Gilmour, 2006)

RpII215 - Pitslre

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, cosedimentation

(Andersen et al., 2010)

RpII215 - Rcd5

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, cosedimentation

(Andersen et al., 2010)

RpII215 - RpII140

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Benbahouche et al., 2014)

RpII215 - Rpb4

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based

(Rhee et al., 2014)

RpII215 - Rrp4

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Hessle et al., 2009)

RpII215 - Set2

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Stabell et al., 2007)

RpII215 - Spt6

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Choudhury et al., 2016)

RpII215 - Ssu72

enzymatic study, peptide massfingerprinting, phosphatase assay, x-ray crystallography, mass detection of residue modification

(Irani et al., 2019, Luo et al., 2013, Zhang et al., 2011)

RpII215 - Su(var)205

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, pull down, anti tag western blot

(Lee et al., 2019, Piacentini et al., 2009)

RpII215 - Tbp

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Cernilogar et al., 2011)

RpII215 - Tctp

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Hong and Choi, 2016)

RpII215 - TfIIFβ

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based

(Rhee et al., 2014)

RpII215 - U2af50

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Minocha et al., 2018)

RpII215 - Upf1

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Singh et al., 2019)

RpII215 - Utx

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Smith et al., 2008)

RpII215 - brm

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Hong and Choi, 2016)

RpII215 - mle

pull down, western blot

(Aratani et al., 2008)

RpII215 - mof

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Andersen et al., 2010)

RpII215 - nej

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Tie et al., 2016)

RpII215 - pasha

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation

(Church et al., 2017)

RpII215 - spag

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Benbahouche et al., 2014)

RpII215 - trx

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Smith et al., 2004)

RpII215 - yki

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

esyN Network Key:

Suppression

Enhancement

View in Interactions Browser

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

RpII215|msl-2

suppressible

lncRNA:roX1

(Meller and Rattner, 2002)

RpII215|lncRNA:roX1

suppressible

msl-1|msl-2

(Deng et al., 2005)

RpII215

suppressible

RpII140

(Krasnoselskaya et al., 1998, Kim et al., 1994, Mortin, 1990)

RpII215

enhanceable

RpII140

(Krasnoselskaya et al., 1998)

RpII215

suppressible

su(RpII215)S3

(Krasnoselskaya et al., 1998, Mortin, 1990)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

brm

enhanceable

RpII215

(Armstrong et al., 2005)

Iswi

enhanceable

RpII215

(Armstrong et al., 2005)

msl-1|msl-2

enhanceable

RpII215|lncRNA:roX1

(Deng et al., 2005)

msl-1|msl-2

suppressible

RpII215|lncRNA:roX1

(Deng et al., 2005)

msl-2

suppressible

RpII215

(Meller and Rattner, 2002)

RpII140

suppressible

RpII215

(Krasnoselskaya et al., 1998)

Snr1

enhanceable

RpII215

(Marenda et al., 2004)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Component of the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complex consisting of 12 subunits.

(UniProt, P04052 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

58510

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0003277

InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

32100

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

RpII215

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

RpII215

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

1-35

Cytogenetic map

10C6-10C6

Sequence location

X:11,562,800..11,570,326 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

10C6-10C6

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

10C1-10C2

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Schäfer et al., 1999.6.15, Searles et al., 1982)

8B1-8B4

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Schäfer et al., 1999.3.29)

10C-10C

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Papaceit and Juan, 1993, Segarra and Aguade, 1992)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

1-35

(FlyBase, 2016)

1-36.5

(Comeron et al., 2012)

1-35.66

(Greenleaf et al., 1980)

Left of (cM)

(Greenleaf et al., 1980)

Right of (cM)

(Greenleaf et al., 1980)

Notes

Mapping based on 320 recombinants between v and m.

(Greenleaf et al., 1980)

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (24)

Bloomington

3663

v¹ RpII215⁴

3659

v¹ RpII215³/FM7a

34755

y¹ RpII215^ts f¹

16388

y¹ w^67c23 P{EPgy2}RpII215^EY06155

6328

y¹ ac^Hw-1 v¹ RpII215^Ubl/FM7c

34757

ras¹ v¹ RpII215^K1; RpII140^S1

60337

y¹ ac^Hw-1 v¹ RpII215^Ubl/FM7i

34758

ras¹ v¹ RpII215^K1; RpII140^S11

34759

ras¹ v¹ RpII215^K1; RpII140^S12

Kyoto

107164

v¹ RpII215⁴

102043

y¹ ac^Hw-1 v¹ RpII215^Ubl / FM7c

VDRC

v110340

P{KK100802}VIE-260B

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (13)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (61)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequences

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

FI12846

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0003277

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0003277

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

32100

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Lin et al., 2010, Marshall et al., 1996)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Other Information

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: RpII215 CG1554

(Zhong, 1999.11)

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: l(1)G0040 RpII215

(Meller and Rattner, 2002)

Additional comments

Most alleles are recessive lethals. All enhance expression of Ubx in RpII215/+ heterozygotes with the effect of + (no effect) < RpII215^H1 < RpII215⁷ < RpII215^K2 < RpII215⁴ < RpII215^Ubl. Heteroallelic combinations of these mutants produce either a reduced effect when RpII215^Ubl is involved or no effect in other combinations.

Other Comments

In a sample of 79 genes with multiple introns, 33 showed significant heterogeneity in G+C content among introns of the same gene and significant positive correspondence between the intron and the third codon position G+C content within genes. These results are consistent with selection adding against preferred codons at the start of genes.

(Kliman and Eyre-Walker, 1998)

Suppressor mutations isolated on the basis of restoring viability to RpII215 and RpII140 mutants identify discrete domains in either subunit. The mutations recovered are not random and might provide insights into possible mechanisms for mutagenesis in eukaryotes.

(Krasnoselskaya et al., 1998)

Used in a phylogenetic analysis, the tree in inferred by parsimony method from RpoB sequences, or homologous, multiple alignment.

(Mollet et al., 1998)

Hsf interacts directly with the general transcription factor Tbp and these two factor bind cooperatively to heat shock promoters. The acidic domain of RpII215 associates with Tbp in vitro and is specifically displaced from Tbp upon addition of Hsf.

(Mason and Lis, 1997)

An assay for the phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II by CTD-kinases has been developed and the localisation on polytene chromosomes of the phosphorylated (PolII0) and nonphosphorylated (PolIIA) forms of the enzyme compared.

(Morris et al., 1997)

The distribution of different isoforms of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II (encoded by RpII215) in Drosophila embryos has been analysed.

(Seydoux and Dunn, 1997)

The interaction between alleles in different classes of polymerase occurs even in the absence of transcription by the wild type polymerase and occurs prior to the elongation and/or translocation step that is blocked or slowed by α-amanitin.

(Burke et al., 1996)

RpII215 protein interacts in vivo with Cdk8 protein.

(Leclerc et al., 1996)

Removal of the carboxy terminal domain (CTD) of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II (RpII215) abolished productive elongation. Cdk9 can phosphorylate the CTD and this phosphorylation controls the transition from abortive into productive elongation mode.

(Marshall et al., 1996)

Removal of the entire CTD repeats renders RpII215 completely defective in vivo, whereas eliminating half of the CTD results in a polymerase with significant in vivo activity.

(Brickey and Greenleaf, 1995)

RNA polymerase II is well suited for the elucidation of the evolutionary relationships among eukaryotes.

(Sidow and Thomas, 1994)

The technique of paramagnetic particle-mediated selection of terminated run-on transcripts was used to examine RNA polymerase II pausing and 5' cap formation at high resolution on the heat shock genes Hsp70A, Hsp70B, Hsp26 and Hsp27. Results demonstrate that polymerases pause over a narrow region of each heat shock gene, not at a defined point. 5' capping occurs over a region coincidental with that of pausing.

(Rasmussen and Lis, 1993)

Protein complexes of RNA polymerase II localise to major developmental puffs and heat shock puffs.

(Weeks et al., 1993)

Mutations in zygotic gene RpII215 do not interact with RpII140^wimp.

(Parkhurst and Ish-Horowicz, 1991)

RpII215 has been cloned and sequenced.

(Jokerst et al., 1989)

The protein coding sequences and the 5' end of RpII215 have been located by sequencing 2582 bases of DNA from coordinates +0.4 to -2.18.

(Biggs et al., 1985)

P element reversion gives rise to different revertants that retain different levels of gene function.

(Voelker et al., 1984)

The structural gene encoding the 215kD subunit of RNA polymerase II (RNA nucleotidyl transferase. This subunit highly conserved as inferred from the cross-reaction of antiserum from the large subunit of calf RNA polymerase II with enzyme isolated from Drosophila as well as that from yeast and wheat germ (Carrol and Stollar, 1983); also amino-acid sequence homology detected with the β' subunit of E.coli RNA polymerase (Biggs, Searles, and Greenleaf, 1985). Dosage compensated at the level of transcription (Faust, Renkawitz-Pohl, Falkenburg, Gasch, Bialojan, Young and Bautz, 1986).

Origin and Etymology

Discoverer

Etymology

Identification

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 81 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

32100

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

P04052

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q8SXM3

Other crossreferences

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0003277

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

RpII215_1

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG1554

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0003277

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

32100

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

Dmel_CG1554

modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project

FBgn0003277

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

58510

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0003277

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0003277

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

FBgn0003277

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

CG1554-RA

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0003277

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0003277

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

32100

KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

RpII215

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

RpII215

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (78)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

(Lefevre and Watkins, 1986, Lefevre, 1981)

8WG16

(Hu et al., 2013, Wu et al., 2003, Park et al., 2001)

CG1554

(Fukuoh et al., 2014, Schertel et al., 2013, Desalvo et al., 2011, Ling and Salvaterra, 2011, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Aoyagi and Wassarman, 2000)

CTD

(Irani et al., 2019, Nazer et al., 2018, Luo et al., 2013, Deshpande et al., 2012, Benoit et al., 2009, Chopra et al., 2009, Aguilar-Fuentes et al., 2008, Hanyu-Nakamura et al., 2008, Corona et al., 2007, Stabell et al., 2007, Zhang and Gilmour, 2006, Fisher, 2005, Raffa et al., 2005, Boehm et al., 2003, Schwartz et al., 2003)

DmCTD

(Mayfield et al., 2017)

(Leatherman et al., 2002, Robertson et al., 1999)

(Shaiu and Hsieh, 1998)

IIo

(Juhász et al., 2012)

(Eeken et al., 1985)

POL

(Giribet et al., 2001)

Pol II CTD

(Li and Arnosti, 2011, Henikoff et al., 2009, Hanai et al., 2008)

Pol II Ser5P

(Nagy et al., 2010)

Pol II Ser5p

(Coléno-Costes et al., 2012)

Pol II0^ser2

(Deng et al., 2008)

Pol II0^ser5

(Deng et al., 2008)

Pol II^ser2

(Morettini et al., 2011)

Pol IIa

(Srinivasan et al., 2008, Ivaldi et al., 2007, Raffa et al., 2005, Srinivasan et al., 2005, Wu et al., 2003, Park et al., 2001)

Pol IIo

(Karam et al., 2010, Brandt and Corces, 2008, Font-Burgada et al., 2008, Srinivasan et al., 2008, Raffa et al., 2005)

Pol IIo^Ser2

(Kwon et al., 2010)

Pol IIo^ser2

(Cai et al., 2008, McDaniel et al., 2008, Corona et al., 2007, Ivaldi et al., 2007, Srinivasan et al., 2005)

Pol IIo^ser5

(Lloret-Llinares et al., 2012, Ivaldi et al., 2007, Srinivasan et al., 2005)

Pol-II

(Eberle et al., 2015)

Pol-IIa

(Qian et al., 2011, Xiong et al., 2009)

PolIIa

(Dorighi and Tamkun, 2013)

PolIIo

(Andreyeva et al., 2007, Andreyeva et al., 2005)

PolIIo^ser2

(Dorighi and Tamkun, 2013)

PolIIo^ser5

(Dorighi and Tamkun, 2013)

Poll II

(Shao et al., 2019, Comoglio et al., 2015)

RNA Pol II

(Lu et al., 2018, Mondal et al., 2018, Nazer et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2018, Choudhury et al., 2016, Blythe and Wieschaus, 2015, Cernilogar et al., 2011, Mohan et al., 2011, Juge et al., 2010, Li et al., 2008, Eissenberg et al., 2007, Mito et al., 2005, Meehan et al., 2001)

RNA Pol II CTD

(Schauer et al., 2009, Larschan et al., 2007)

RNA PolI 215

(Kavi and Birchler, 2009)

RNA PolII

(Lakhotia et al., 2012, Leclerc et al., 1996)

RNA pol II

(Sakoparnig et al., 2012, Gilfillan et al., 2006, Farkas et al., 2000)

RNA pol IIo

(Shaiu and Hsieh, 1998)

RNA polII

(Leclerc et al., 2000)

RNA-Pol

(Tsai et al., 2016)

RNA-PolII

(Rougeot et al., 2013)

RNAP

(Prabhakaran and Kelley, 2012, Ma, 2005)

RNAP II

(Kuhn et al., 2019, Leatherman and Jongens, 2003, Mollet et al., 1998)

RNAP II LS

(Seydoux and Dunn, 1997)

RNAPII0

(Phatnani and Greenleaf, 2006)

RNApol

(Guilgur et al., 2014)

RNApol2

(Sakoparnig et al., 2012)

RNApolII

(Guertin and Lis, 2010, Sauer et al., 1995, Sauer et al., 1995)

RPB1

(Eikenes et al., 2015, Schauer et al., 2013, Pankotai et al., 2010, Lebedeva et al., 2004, Mushegian et al., 1998)

RPII215

(Benbahouche et al., 2014, Guglielmi et al., 2013, Sung et al., 2013, Holland et al., 2011, Kondo and Perrimon, 2011)

RpII

(Mortin and Kaufman, 1982)

Rpb1

(Lu and Gilmour, 2019, Lu et al., 2019, Liang et al., 2018, Gibbs et al., 2017, Portz et al., 2017, Na et al., 2015, Huang et al., 2013, Juhász et al., 2012, Lin et al., 2010, Raja et al., 2010, Gambetta et al., 2009, Gambetta et al., 2009, Yao et al., 2008, Kim et al., 2004)

Rpll215

(Pauli et al., 2010, Popodi et al., 2010-, Venken et al., 2010, Perrimon et al., 1989)

Ser5-P Pol II

(Chen et al., 2013)

Ubl

(Botas et al., 1988)

dRPB1

(Gu et al., 2002, Park et al., 2001)

dRpb1

(Chen et al., 2015, Hu et al., 2013, Bartkowiak et al., 2010)

l(1)10Ca

l(1)DC912

l(1)DF912

(Perrimon et al., 1984)

l(1)G0040

(Schäfer et al., 1999.3.29, Schäfer et al., 1999.6.15)

l(1)L5

(Wilson and Fabian, 1986)

pol II

(Schneiderman et al., 2009, de la Mata et al., 2003, Leach et al., 2000)

polII

(Moiseeva and Tchurikov, 2011, Gu et al., 2002, Park et al., 2001, Bentley, 1998, Lis, 1998)

rpII1

(Marshall et al., 1996)

αPol IIo^ser2

(Pérez-Montero et al., 2013)

Name Synonyms

Pol II CTD

(Gerber et al., 2004, Ni et al., 2004)

Pol II large subunit

(Tombácz et al., 2009)

Pol II large subunit CTD

(Pankotai et al., 2010)

RNA Pol II

(van der Knaap et al., 2010)

RNA Polymerase II

(Agelopoulos et al., 2012, Timinszky et al., 2008)

RNA polymerase II

(Comoglio et al., 2015, Rieder et al., 2013, Demakov et al., 2011, Ling and Salvaterra, 2011, Benoit et al., 2009, Schaaf et al., 2009, Petruk et al., 2008, Ratnaparkhi and Courey, 2008, Silverman et al., 2008, Ogasawara et al., 2007, Rathke et al., 2007, Redhouse and White, 2007, Yao et al., 2006, Breiling et al., 2004, Heinkoff et al., 2004, Shore et al., 2003, Chao and Price, 2001, Mahowald, 2001, Mizuguchi et al., 2001, Morcillo and MacIntyre, 2001, Chao et al., 2000, Kal et al., 2000, Pham et al., 1999, Reim et al., 1999, Robertson et al., 1999, Schock et al., 1999, Bentley, 1998, Gu, 1998, Peng et al., 1998, Peng et al., 1998, Sandaltzopoulos and Becker, 1998, Hansen et al., 1997, Kephart et al., 1992, Visa et al., 1991, Spencer and Groudine, 1990, Wampler et al., 1990, Visa et al., 1988)

RNA polymerase II 215kD subunit

RNA polymerase II large subunit

(Aguilar-Fuentes et al., 2008, Toth and Biggin, 2000, Fleischmann et al., 1984)

RNA polymerase II largest subunit

(Zhang et al., 2011)

RNA polymerase IIo

(Savla et al., 2008)

RNA polymeraseII-215 kd subunit

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

RNA-polymerase II

(Piacentini et al., 2009)

Ultrabithorax-like