FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\rst

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\rst

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

roughest

Annotation Symbol

CG4125

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0003285

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

14 publicly available

Gene Snapshot

roughest (rst) encodes a multi-purpose transmembrane protein that is well studied in the fly eye and muscle during development. It interacts with the transmembrane ligand encoded by hbs to guide cell movement. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]

Other Summaries

Alliance
Auto summary
UniProtKB
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

irreC, irreC-rst, rst-irrecC, irreC-roughest, irregular chiasm C-roughest

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

3C3-3C4

Sequence location

X:2,950,399..2,973,834 [-]

Recombination map

1-2

RefSeq locus

NC_004354 REGION:2950399..2973834

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse GBrowse

Help me choose

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

GO Summary Ribbons

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (17 terms)

Molecular Function (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables PDZ domain binding

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:X11L; FB:FBgn0026313

(Vishnu et al., 2006)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables cell adhesion molecule binding

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002267887

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

Biological Process (8 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in compound eye development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Araujo et al., 2003)

involved_in compound eye morphogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Bao et al., 2010, Larson et al., 2008, Cordero et al., 2007, Vishnu et al., 2006)

inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:P40946

(assigned by UniProt )

(Johnson et al., 2011)

involved_in homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:hbs; FB:FBgn0029082

(Zhuang et al., 2009)

involved_in regulation of striated muscle tissue development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in cell-cell adhesion

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002267887

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

involved_in compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death

traceable author statement

(Gorski and Marra, 2002)

involved_in homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules

traceable author statement

(Brachmann and Cagan, 2003, Gorski and Marra, 2002)

involved_in myoblast fusion

traceable author statement

(Dworak and Sink, 2002)

involved_in retinal cell programmed cell death

traceable author statement

(Brachmann and Cagan, 2003)

Cellular Component (7 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in adherens junction

inferred from direct assay

(Johnson et al., 2012)

located_in apical part of cell

inferred from direct assay

(Simon et al., 2009)

located_in apical plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Johnson et al., 2008)

located_in plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Simon et al., 2009, Vishnu et al., 2006)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cell-cell junction

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002267887

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

located_in integral component of membrane

traceable author statement

(Brachmann and Cagan, 2003)

located_in integral component of plasma membrane

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002267887

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

located_in plasma membrane

inferred from sequence or structural similarity

(Ramos et al., 1993)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

Protein Family (UniProt)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Required for correct axonal pathway formation in the optic lobe and for programmed cell death in the developing retina.

(UniProt, Q08180)

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

irreC: irregular chiasm-C (J.C. Hall)

In optic ganglia, fiber tracts from the medulla to the lobula plate penetrate lobula neuropile instead of projecting through second optic chiasm; occasionally, ectopic bundles of axonal fibers penetrate lobula-plate neuropile; in most severely deformed individuals, lobula and lobula plate are partly fused. In first optic chiasm, fibers from lamina are misrouted, taking detour around posterior medulla neuropile, penetrating the latter at variable positions on its inner (posterior) face from which positions the fiber tracts turn around and form normal-appearing terminals in retinotopic locations. Gynandromorph analysis showed that eye genotype does not induce optic lobe phenotypes. It also appears as if first- (or second-) chiasm defect does not induce that in the second (or first); among several mutant individuals analyzed (cf. variable expressivity under alleles), there is no correlation between the anatomical abnormalities in these two locations (though there is high correlation between defective first or second chiasm in left and right sides of head). Optic lobe pioneer axons [larval neurons, which persist into adulthood and can be seen following path of first optic chiasm, and may guide newly growing fibers during formation of imaginal visual system (Tix, Minden, and Technau, 1989, Development 105: 739-46)] are displaced in irreC pupae, with their axons having followed ectopic pathways.

rst: roughest

Eyes rough and bulging; facets irregular in size and arrangement.

UB883

Eye mutant. Inner optic chiasma in disorder. Bundles of fibers connecting medulla and lobula plate penetrate neuropil of lobula.

Summary (Interactive Fly)

Ig-C2-type-domain protein - transmembrane - required in at least three independent events in eye development and axon guidance - The adhesion molecules Roughest, Hibris, Kin of Irre and Sticks and Stones are required for long range spacing of the Drosophila wing disc sensory sensilla

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\rst for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

rst-RA

FBtr0070562

NM_080319

4818

764

rst-RB

FBtr0343758

NM_001297906

6251

764

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

5 (northern blot)

(Ramos et al., 1993)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank

rst-PA

FBpp0070537

83.0

764

6.99

NP_525058

AAF45845

rst-PB

FBpp0310320

83.0

764

6.99

NP_001284835

AHN59306

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

764 aa isoforms: rst-PA, rst-PB

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

764 (aa); 83 (kD predicted)

(Ramos et al., 1993)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\rst using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

rst_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Expression Summary Ribbons

Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.

For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

pupal stage

secondary pigment cell

(Ramos et al., 1993)

medulla | restricted

(Ramos et al., 1993)

lamina

(Ramos et al., 1993)

retina

(Ramos et al., 1993)

tertiary pigment cell

(Ramos et al., 1993)

embryonic stage 11

labral segment

(Ramos et al., 1993)

embryonic mandibular segment

(Ramos et al., 1993)

embryonic maxillary segment

(Ramos et al., 1993)

embryonic labial segment

(Ramos et al., 1993)

mesoderm | restricted

(Ramos et al., 1993)

ventral midline of embryo

(Ramos et al., 1993)

third instar larval stage

larval outer optic anlage

(Ramos et al., 1993)

imaginal disc

(Ramos et al., 1993)

eye-antennal disc

(Ramos et al., 1993)

embryonic stage 4

organism | pair rule expression pattern

(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)

embryonic stage 5 -- 7

head | dorsal | posterior

Comment: expressed dorsally in procephalic region

(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)

amnioserosa anlage

(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)

embryonic stage 8

mesectoderm | segmentally repeated

(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)

embryonic stage 9 -- 11

organism | dorsal | restricted

Comment: dorsal midline; expression fades at stage 12

(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)

embryonic stage 10 -- 11

visceral muscle primordium

(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)

embryonic stage 12

cell of mesoderm

Comment: expression in majority of mesodermal cells

(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)

embryonic stage 13 -- 14

muscle founder cell

(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)

muscle founder cell & fusion competent cell

(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

central brain anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

antennal anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

visual anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

amnioserosa anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

antennal anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

central brain anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

visual anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal ectoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

mesectoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral ectoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral nerve cord primordium

Comment: reported as ventral nerve cord anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

amnioserosa

(Fisher et al., 2012)

amnioserosa primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

mesectoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral ectoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral nerve cord primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

amnioserosa

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal pharyngeal muscle primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

foregut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

midline primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

somatic muscle primordium

Comment: reported as muscle system primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

visceral muscle primordium

Comment: reported as muscle system primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

trunk mesoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic ventral midline neuroblast

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

dorsal pharyngeal muscle

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic anal pad

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic hindgut

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic/larval muscle system

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 12

midline primordium

(Kearney et al., 2004)

pupal stage P6

interommatidial cell

(Bao and Cagan, 2005)

RT-PCR

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

prepupal stage P1 -- pupal stage P7

retina

(Machado et al., 2011)

Additional Descriptive Data

rst mRNA is first detected at low levels in early pupae, peaks at 24% APF and then returns to basal levels by 43% APF.

(Machado et al., 2011)

rst transcripts are found predominantly within the interommatidial cell at 24 hours APF.

(Bao and Cagan, 2005)

rst transcript is expressed from embryonic stage 4-14. Embryonic stage 4 expression is initially in a pattern of seven stripes, which soon fades. Subsequently, rst is expressed in dorsally in the procephalic region and in the amnioserosa anlage. At stage 8, rst is expressed in mesectodermal cells in a segmental pattern. At stage 9, rst is expressed at the dorsal midline and in mesodermal cells. Dorsal midline expression intensifies during stage 10-11, as expression begins in visceral muscle progenitors. At stage 12, rst has strong expression in most mesodermal cells as dorsal midline expression fades. At stages 13-14, expression is in muscle founder cells, and in fusion-competent myoblasts.

(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)

rst transcripts are expressed throughout development with peaks in embryonic and pupal stages. In late stage 11 embryos, transcripts are detected in lateral mesodermal cell clusters, in the midline, in cell clusters in the mandibular, maxillary, and labial buds, and in the clypeolabrum. In late third instar larvae, strong signal is observed in the imaginal discs and in the outer optic anlagen. In the eye disc, expression starts just in front of the morphogenetic furrow. In pupae, expression is observed in the lamina and in subpopulations of medullar cells. At 36hr, retinal expression is restricted to cells between the ommatidiial clusters (ie. to presumptive secondary and tertiary pigment cells and to cells of the bristle complex). Expression is then down-regulated in the retina and transcripts can no longer be detected 72hr after puparium formation.

(Ramos et al., 1993)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

distribution deduced from reporter

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

pupal stage P6

interommatidial cell

(Bao et al., 2010)

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 14

apodeme

(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)

embryonic stage 13 -- 14

muscle founder cell

(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)

fusion competent cell

(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)

pupal stage

primary pigment cell | faint

(Gorski et al., 2000)

secondary pigment cell | intense

(Gorski et al., 2000)

tertiary pigment cell | intense

(Gorski et al., 2000)

interommatidial cell

(Machado et al., 2011)

third instar larval stage

embryonic/larval salivary gland

(Simon et al., 2009)

prepupal stage P3 -- P4

salivary gland

(Simon et al., 2009)

pupal stage P6 -- P7

primary pigment cell

(Bao and Cagan, 2005)

interommatidial cell

(Bao and Cagan, 2005)

pupal stage P6

adult optic lobe

(Vishnu et al., 2006)

eye disc

(Vishnu et al., 2006)

lobula complex

(Vishnu et al., 2006)

lamina

(Vishnu et al., 2006)

medulla | distal

(Vishnu et al., 2006)

primary pigment cell

(Vishnu et al., 2006)

interommatidial precursor cell

(Vishnu et al., 2006)

pharate adult stage P9

medulla layer M3

(Bazigou et al., 2007)

medulla layer M2

(Bazigou et al., 2007)

medulla layer M4

(Bazigou et al., 2007)

Additional Descriptive Data

rst and rst are observed primarily in interommatidial cells in a pattern complementary to sns and hbs.

(Bao et al., 2010)

In late third instar larvae salivary glands, strong rst immunoreactivity is observed at cell boundaries and in an internal lace-like pattern that appears to show colocalization with tubulin. No expression is observed in the luminal region of the gland. A few hours later, no staining is seen and then signal is observed again at 3 hours APF but in a reorganized intracellular pattern. Expression persists until 10 hours APF.

(Simon et al., 2009)

rst protein is detected in three layers of the distal medulla at 55 hr APF.

(Bazigou et al., 2007)

rst protein is expressed in pupal eye discs in the interommatidial precursor cells and most strongly in primary pigment cells. In pupal brains, rst protein localizes to a distinct layer in the neuropil of the distal medulla, where is overlaps with X11L expression. It is also expressed in well-defined layers of the lamina, the proximal medulla, and the lobula complex. In ommatidial cells, rst is clearly associated with cell membranes.

(Vishnu et al., 2006)

rst exhibits dynamic expression from larval through pupal development. High levels are seen at the border between two primary pigment cells and between neighboring interommatidial cells in pupal cells from 24-42 hours APF.

(Bao and Cagan, 2005)

rst protein is localised along the border between secondary and tertiary pigment cells,

(Gorski et al., 2000)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in adherens junction

inferred from direct assay

(Johnson et al., 2012)

located_in apical part of cell

inferred from direct assay

(Simon et al., 2009)

located_in apical plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Johnson et al., 2008)

located_in plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Simon et al., 2009, Vishnu et al., 2006)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{rst.F6-GAL4}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

somatic mesoderm

(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2017)

visceral mesoderm

(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2017)

midline

(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2017)

ectoderm | restricted

(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2017)

pupal stage

interommatidial cell

(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2017)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\rst in GBrowse 2

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\rst

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\rst

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0003285

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

FBgn0003285

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

CG4125-RA

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG4125

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0003285

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\rst

Stages(s) 1-3
Stages(s) 4-6
Stages(s) 7-8
Stages(s) 9-10
Stages(s) 11-12
Stages(s) 13-16

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, and Transgenic Constructs

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 23 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 12 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of rst

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of rst

Deletions and Duplications ( 98 )

Disrupted in

Df(1)62d18

(Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)BSC531

(Christensen et al., 2008.6.11)

Df(1)BSC656

(Christensen et al., 2008.12.28)

Df(1)BSC710

(Christensen et al., 2008.12.28)

Df(1)BSC720

(Christensen et al., 2008.12.28)

Df(1)JC19

(Ramos et al., 1993)

Df(1)N-8

(Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2000, Kramers et al., 1991, Lin and Wolfner, 1989, Kramers et al., 1983, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Slizynska, 1938)

Df(1)N-64i16

(Lefevre and Green, 1972)

Df(1)N-66i25

(Welshons, 1974)

Df(1)N-68f19

(Welshons, 1974)

Df(1)N-71h

(Ramos et al., 1993)

(Slizynska, 1938)

(Slizynska, 1938)

(Slizynska, 1938)

(Slizynska, 1938)

(Demerec, 1940)

(Hillman, 1958)

(Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2000, Judd, 1995, Smolik-Utlaut and Gelbart, 1987, Lefevre and Green, 1972)

Df(1)Su(z)J93

(Judd, 1995)

Df(1)vt

(Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2000)

Df(1)w-55A

(Pastink et al., 1987)

Df(1)w55j

(Lin and Wolfner, 1989)

Df(1)w67c11

(Lefevre and Green, 1972)

Df(1)w67d4

(Lefevre and Green, 1972)

Df(1)w67d22

(Lefevre and Green, 1972)

Df(1)w67d24

(Lefevre and Green, 1972)

Df(1)w67e8

(Lefevre and Green, 1972)

Df(1)w67k30

(Massarwa et al., 2007, Chen et al., 2003, Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2000, Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Lefevre and Green, 1972)

Df(1)w-72B

(Pastink et al., 1987)

Df(1)w258-42

(Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2000, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)w^EM51

(Montgomery et al., 1991)

Df(1)w

(Hing and Carlson, 1996)

Df(1)w-DZL-2

(Bingham, 1981)

Df(1)w-DZL-14

(Bingham, 1981)

Df(1)w-EM3

(Montgomery et al., 1991)

Df(1)w-EM22

(Montgomery et al., 1991)

Df(1)w-m53a

Df(1)w-N71a

(Judd et al., 1972)

(Ramos et al., 1991, Boschert et al., 1990)

In(1)w^m4Lrst^3R

(Lefevre and Green, 1972)

In(1LR)l-v139

(Lindsley et al., 1960)

T(1;2;3)w-44

(Pastink et al., 1987)

T(2;3)TE35B-5

Not disrupted in

Df(1)62g18

(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)64c4

(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)64f1

(Lin and Wolfner, 1989, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)64j4

(Lin and Wolfner, 1989, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)65j26

(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)HM3

(Kramers et al., 1983)

Df(1)K95

(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)N-54l9

(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Mohler, 1956)

Df(1)N-62b1

(Welshons, 1974)

Df(1)N-81k1

(Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2000)

Df(1)N-264-105

(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983)

Df(1)Pgd-kz

(Kramers et al., 1991)

Df(1)Sp2F-3A

(Schalet, 1986)

Df(1)TEM1

(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983)

Df(1)TEM7

(Kramers et al., 1991, Thierry-Mieg, 1982)

Df(1)TEM202

(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983)

Df(1)TEM304

(Kramers et al., 1991)

Df(1)TEM501

(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983)

Df(1)w258-11

(Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)w258-45

(Lin and Wolfner, 1989, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)w258-48

(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983)

(Bingham, 1981)

(Bingham, 1981)

(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)w-rJ2

(Judd et al., 1972)

Df(1)X12

(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)

In(1)N^66h26

(Grimwade et al., 1985, Welshons, 1974)

Not duplicated in

Dp(1;2)w⁺70h

(Judd et al., 1972)

(Schalet, 1986)

(Green, 1984)

(Green, 1984)

(Green, 1984)

(Green, 1984)

(Green, 1984)

(Green, 1984)

(Green, 1984)

Partially duplicated in

Dp(1;2)51b

(Welshons and Welshons, 1986)

Dp(1;2)76f

(Welshons and Welshons, 1986)

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal - all die before end of embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4^da.G32

rst^UAS.cSa

partially lethal

rst¹

partially lethal - majority die | adult stage | heat sensitive

rst^hs.18ZΔ3.1

viable

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

Sterility

Allele

female semi-sterile

rst⁴

female sterile

male sterile

rst¹

Other Phenotypes

Allele

cell death defective | dominant

rst^D

decreased cell death | pupal stage | heat sensitive

rst^hs.18ZΔ3.1

decreased cell death | pupal stage | recessive

rst^D

eye color defective | dominant

rst^D

neuroanatomy defective

rst⁶

neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4^MZ1369

rst^UAS.cSa

small body

rst¹

some die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4^da.G32

rst^UAS.cSa

visible

visible, with Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev

rst^UAS.cSa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

rst^GD14475

visible | dominant

rst^D

visible | recessive

rst⁶

visual behavior defective | heat sensitive

rst^hs.PS

wild-type, with Scer\GAL4^how-24B

rst^UAS.cSa

wild-type, with Scer\GAL4^twi.PB

rst^UAS.cSa

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

adherens junction

rst⁶

adult optic lobe

rst^D

adult optic lobe, with Scer\GAL4^MZ1369

rst^UAS.cSa

antennal disc

rst⁶

antennal segment 3 sensillum

rst⁶

antennal segment 3 sensillum, with Scer\GAL4^sca-P309

rst^UAS.cSa

anterior vertical bristle

cell-cell junction

rst⁶

chaeta | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

rst^GD14475

cone cell, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

rst^GD2582

cone cell, with Scer\GAL4^MZ1369

rst^DD1.UAS

embryonic/larval garland cell | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^pros.PMG

rst^UAS.cSa

embryonic/larval muscle system, with Scer\GAL4^da.G32

rst^UAS.cSa

embryonic/larval optic lobe, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

rst^UAS.cSa

embryonic/larval salivary gland

embryonic myoblast

rst^hs.18ZΔ3.1

embryonic myoblast, with Scer\GAL4^69B

rst^UAS.cSa

embryonic myoblast, with Scer\GAL4^da.G32

rst^UAS.cSa

embryonic myoblast, with Scer\GAL4^Dll-md23

rst^UAS.cSa

embryonic somatic muscle | ectopic

rst⁶

eye

eye, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

rst^GD2582

eye, with Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev

rst^UAS.cSa

eye disc

rst⁶

four cone-cell ommatidial precursor cluster, with Scer\GAL4^MZ1369

rst^UAS.cSa

interommatidial bristle, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

rst^GD2582

interommatidial bristle, with Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev

rst^UAS.cSa

interommatidial bristle, with Scer\GAL4^MZ1369

interommatidial bristle | ectopic

rst⁶

interommatidial cell, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

rst^GD2582

interommatidial cell | supernumerary

rst⁶

interommatidial precursor cell, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

rst^{dsRNA.UAS.cBa}

interommatidial precursor cell, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

rst^GD2582

interommatidial precursor cell | P-stage, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

rst^UAS.cSa

interommatidial precursor cell | pupal stage P6

rst⁶

interommatidial precursor cell | pupal stage P7

rst⁶

lamina, with Scer\GAL4^MZ1369

rst^UAS.cSa

lamina anlage, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

rst^UAS.cSa

lobula, with Scer\GAL4^MZ1369

rst^UAS.cSa

lobula plate, with Scer\GAL4^MZ1369

rst^UAS.cSa

nucleus | supernumerary | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^pros.PMG

rst^UAS.cSa

ommatidial precursor cluster

rst⁶

ommatidial precursor cluster, with Scer\GAL4^MZ1369

rst^UAS.cSa

ommatidium

ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

rst^GD2582

ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev

rst^UAS.cSa

ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4^MZ1369

optic chiasma, with Scer\GAL4^MZ1369

rst^UAS.cSa

optic chiasma | adult stage

rst^irreC1

photoreceptor cell pigment granule

rst^D

posterior vertical bristle

postvertical bristle

presumptive embryonic/larval muscle system

primary pigment cell

rst⁶

primary pigment cell, with Scer\GAL4^MZ1369

rst^UAS.cSa

sacculus, with Scer\GAL4^sca-P309

rst^UAS.cSa

secondary pigment cell

rst^D

sensillum basiconicum of antennal segment 3

rst⁶

sensillum trichodeum of antennal segment 3, with Scer\GAL4^sca-P309

rst^UAS.cSa

tertiary pigment cell

rst^D

thorax & microchaeta

rst⁴

wing hair, with Scer\GAL4^wg-IS650

rst^GD14475

wing margin, with Scer\GAL4^wg-IS650

rst^GD14475

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Download All OrthoDB Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Homo sapiens (Human) (23)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Hsap\KIRREL1

13 of 15

Yes

Hsap\KIRREL3

12 of 15

Yes

Hsap\KIRREL2

11 of 15

Yes

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Yes

Hsap\LRIT3

1 of 15

Yes

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Yes

Hsap\VSIG10L2

1 of 15

Yes

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (22)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Mmus\Kirrel3

12 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Kirrel

12 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Kirrel2

11 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Dscaml1

1 of 15

Mmus\Dscam

1 of 15

Mmus\Gm1113

1 of 15

Yes

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Lrit3

1 of 15

Yes

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (16)

Rnor\Kirrel1

13 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Kirrel2

11 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Kirrel3

7 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (15)

Xtro\kirrel2

11 of 12

Yes

Xtro\kirrel1

3 of 12

Yes

Xtro\kirrel3

2 of 12

Yes

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Yes

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (37)

Drer\kirrel1b

13 of 15

Yes

Drer\kirrel1a

12 of 15

Yes

Drer\kirrel3a

12 of 15

Yes

Drer\kirrel3l

8 of 15

Yes

Drer\kirrel3b

6 of 15

Yes

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\lrit1a

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\lrit1b

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\lrit3a

1 of 15

Yes

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Drer\si:ch1073-459j12.1

1 of 15

Drer\si:dkey-24p1.1

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\si:dkeyp-75h12.2

1 of 15

Drer\tmigd1

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\ush2a

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\zgc:110372

1 of 15

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (15)

Cele\syg-1

11 of 15

Yes

Cele\igcm-2

2 of 15

Cele\C53A5.13

1 of 15

Yes

Cele\igcm-1

1 of 15

Cele\lad-2

1 of 15

Cele\let-805

1 of 15

Yes

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

No records found.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

No records found.

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

No records found.

Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09190425 )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

AAA Syntenic Ortholog

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Drosophila suzukii

Spotted wing Drosophila

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila sechellia

Drosophila erecta

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila ananassae

Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura

Dpse\GA27134

Drosophila persimilis

Dper\GL19784

Drosophila willistoni

Dwil\GK25392

Drosophila virilis

Dvir\rst

Drosophila mojavensis

Dmoj\GI10959

Drosophila grimshawi

Dgri\GH12264

Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091501IG )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Musca domestica

House fly

Mdoa\17012130

Musca domestica

House fly

Mdoa\17020825

Glossina morsitans

Tsetse fly

Gmor\GMOY005404

Lucilia cuprina

Australian sheep blowfly

Lcup\FF38_14455

Mayetiola destructor

Hessian fly

Mdes\Mdes003404

Aedes aegypti

Yellow fever mosquito

Aaeg\AAEL002754

Aedes aegypti

Yellow fever mosquito

Aaeg\AAEL002732

Anopheles darlingi

American malaria mosquito

Adar\ADAC004949

Anopheles darlingi

American malaria mosquito

Adar\ADAC004956

Anopheles gambiae

Malaria mosquito

Agam\AGAP000217

Anopheles gambiae

Malaria mosquito

Agam\AGAP000218

Culex quinquefasciatus

Southern house mosquito

Cqui\CPIJ006789

Culex quinquefasciatus

Southern house mosquito

Cqui\CPIJ009311

Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W04IX )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Bombyx mori

Silkmoth

Bmor\BGIBMGA013289

Bombyx mori

Silkmoth

Bmor\BGIBMGA013308

Bombyx mori

Silkmoth

Bmor\BGIBMGA013310

Bombyx mori

Silkmoth

Bmor\BGIBMGA013290

Danaus plexippus

Monarch butterfly

Dple\DPOGS203872-PA

Danaus plexippus

Monarch butterfly

Dple\DPOGS202424-PA

Danaus plexippus

Monarch butterfly

Dple\DPOGS202426-PA

Danaus plexippus

Monarch butterfly

Dple\DPOGS202427-PA

Heliconius melpomene

Postman butterfly

Hmel\HMEL003398

Heliconius melpomene

Postman butterfly

Hmel\HMEL005989

Heliconius melpomene

Postman butterfly

Hmel\HMEL006620

Apis florea

Little honeybee

Aflo\3533754980

Apis mellifera

Western honey bee

Amel\GB49778

Apis mellifera

Western honey bee

Amel\GB40327

Bombus impatiens

Common eastern bumble bee

Bimp\BIMP16987

Bombus terrestris

Buff-tailed bumblebee

Bter\15215008

Linepithema humile

Argentine ant

Lhum\LH23702

Linepithema humile

Argentine ant

Lhum\LH23703

Linepithema humile

Argentine ant

Lhum\LH23701

Megachile rotundata

Alfalfa leafcutting bee

Mrot\MROTU:000e85

Nasonia vitripennis

Parasitic wasp

Nvit\Nasvi2EG007772

Dendroctonus ponderosae

Mountain pine beetle

Dpod\YQE_01854

Tribolium castaneum

Red flour beetle

Tcas\TC002914

Pediculus humanus

Human body louse

Phum\PHUM111230

Rhodnius prolixus

Kissing bug

Rpro\RPRC003809

Rhodnius prolixus

Kissing bug

Rpro\RPRC003807

Cimex lectularius

Bed bug

Clec\CLEC006407

Acyrthosiphon pisum

Pea aphid

Apim\ACYPI28711

Zootermopsis nevadensis

Nevada dampwood termite

Znev\Znev_02190

Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X08BT )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Strigamia maritima

European centipede

Smar\SMAR005445

Ixodes scapularis

Black-legged tick

Isca\ISCW023039

Stegodyphus mimosarum

African social velvet spider

Smim\KFM73801.1

Stegodyphus mimosarum

African social velvet spider

Smim\KFM73802.1

Tetranychus urticae

Two-spotted spider mite

Turt\tetur02g14010

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_245437

Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )

No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (60)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

7 of 10

hbs

3 of 10

sns

3 of 10

2 of 10

fred

2 of 10

Ama

1 of 10

babos

1 of 10

bdl

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

klg

1 of 10

Lac

1 of 10

nrm

1 of 10

plum

1 of 10

sdk

1 of 10

Strn-Mlck

1 of 10

tei

1 of 10

tutl

1 of 10

wrapper

1 of 10

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Model Summary Ribbon

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

KIRREL1; kirre like nephrin family adhesion molecule 1

13 of 15

607428

KIRREL3; kirre like nephrin family adhesion molecule 3

12 of 15

607761

KIRREL2; kirre like nephrin family adhesion molecule 2

11 of 15

607762

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Interactions Browser

View in Interactions Browser

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

rst

bead aggregation assay, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

(Ozkan et al., 2013, Schneider et al., 1995)

rst - X11L

two hybrid, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation

(Vishnu et al., 2006)

rst - X11Lβ

two hybrid

(Vishnu et al., 2006)

rst - cindr

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, pull down, western blot

(Johnson et al., 2012)

rst - dock

bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy

(Kaipa et al., 2013)

rst - hbs

enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

(Ozkan et al., 2013)

rst - kst

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Lee et al., 2010)

rst - sns

enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, bead aggregation assay, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author

(Ozkan et al., 2013, Galletta et al., 2004)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

esyN Network Key:

Suppression

Enhancement

View in Interactions Browser

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

rst

enhanceable

(Gorski et al., 2000, Tanenbaum et al., 2000)

rst

enhanceable

E(rst)D184

(Tanenbaum et al., 2000)

rst

enhanceable

E(rst)H125

(Tanenbaum et al., 2000)

rst

enhanceable

E(rst)H253

(Tanenbaum et al., 2000)

rst

enhanceable

hbs

(Bao and Cagan, 2005)

enhanceable

(Bao et al., 2010)

enhanceable

(Hays et al., 2002)

rst

enhanceable

X11L

(Vishnu et al., 2006)

rst

enhanceable

α-Cat

(Larson et al., 2008)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

cindr

suppressible

rst

(Johnson et al., 2008)

pyd

enhanceable

rst

(Seppa et al., 2008)

X11L

enhanceable

rst

(Vishnu et al., 2006)

External Data

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

57820

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0003285

InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

31290

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

External Data

Linkouts

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Nephrin family interactions

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

1-2

Cytogenetic map

3C3-3C4

Sequence location

X:2,950,399..2,973,834 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

3C3-3C4

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP1362 and P{EP}dnc^EP1395

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

3C5-3C5

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Vieira et al., 1997, Ramos et al., 1993)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

1-2

(FlyBase, 2016)

1-1.8

(Comeron et al., 2012)

1-2.2

(Lefevre, 1970)

Left of (cM)

su(fa^swb)

(Welshons and Welshons, 1986)

(Welshons and Welshons, 1986, Lefevre, 1970)

Right of (cM)

(Welshons and Welshons, 1986, Lefevre, 1970)

Notes

Mapping based on 132 w-N^spl-1 recombinants.

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (14)

Bloomington

1528

gt^Q292 rst⁶/FM7a

1530

y¹ gt^E6 rst⁶

28672

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF03087}attP2/TM3, Sb¹

82564

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{WKO.P5-D3}attP40

36418

y¹ w^* Mi{MIC}rst^MI03241 kirre^MI03241

38589

y¹ w^* Mi{MIC}rst^MI04842 kirre^MI04842

76665

y¹ w^* Mi{Trojan-GAL4.1}rst^{MI04842-TG4.1} kirre^{MI04842-TG4.1-X}/FM7c

Kyoto

106368

gt^Q292 rst⁶/FM7a

106370

y¹ gt^E6 rst⁶

VDRC

v951

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD86}v951

v27223

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD14475}v27223

v27225

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD14475}v27225

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (12)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (99)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

RE01586

Other clones

FI03204

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0003285

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0003285

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

31290

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

monoclonal

(Schneider et al., 1995)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Other Information

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: rst CG4125

(Gabrielian, 1999.11)

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: rst UB883

(Fischbach, 2001.12.10)

Additional comments

Other Comments

rst is required for differentiation and time of death of interommatidial cells during pupal stages of compound eye development.

(Araujo et al., 2003)

rst and kirre act redundantly during muscle development as myoblast attractants.

(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)

Loss of function and misexpression of rst results in an altered arrangement of sensory organ founder cells within the antennal disc.

(Reddy et al., 1999)

Amorphic mutations of z are strong recessive enhancers of position effect variegation (PEV) for the w, rst and N loci.

(Judd, 1995)

Restricted expression of the rst protein is required for normal axonal projections of columnar visual neurons.

(Schneider et al., 1995)

rst gene product is required for the normal number of cell deaths in the eye imaginal discs.

(Ramos et al., 1993)

Eyes rough and bulging; facets irregular in size and arrangement. In optic ganglia, fiber tracts from the medulla to the lobula plate penetrate lobula neuropil instead of projecting through second optic chiasm; occasionally, ectopic bundles of axonal fibers penetrate lobula-plate neuropil; in most severely deformed individuals, lobula and lobula plate are partly fused. In first optic chiasm, fibers from lamina are misrouted, taking detour around posterior medulla neuropil, penetrating the latter at variable positions on its inner (posterior) face from which positions the fiber tracts turn around and form normal-appearing terminals in retinotopic locations. Gynandromorph analysis showed that eye genotype does not induce optic lobe phenotypes. It also appears as if first- (or second-) chiasm defect does not induce that in the second (or first); among several mutant individuals analyzed, there is no correlation between the anatomical abnormalities in these two locations (though there is high correlation between defective first or second chiasm in left and right sides of head). Optic lobe pioneer axons <up>larval neurons, which persist into adulthood and can be seen following path of first optic chiasm and may guide newly growing fibers during formation of imaginal visual system</up> are displaced in rst pupae, with their axons having followed ectopic pathways.

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

rst is required for normal elimination of surplus cells from the retinal epithelium. Cell death eliminates 2 or 3 cells per ommatidium 35 and 50 hours after pupation.

(Wolff and Ready, 1991)

rst is necessary for the correct projection of visual fibres in the optic chiasms of optic ganglia.

(Boschert et al., 1990)

Origin and Etymology

Discoverer

Etymology

Identification

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 128 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

31290

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q08180

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

X2JCF8

Other crossreferences

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0003285

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0003285

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

rst_1

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG4125

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0003285

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

31290

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC002914

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

Dmel_CG4125

modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project

FBgn0003285

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

57820

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0003285

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0003285

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

FBgn0003285

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

CG4125-RA

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0003285

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0003285

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

31290

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Nephrin family interactions

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (32)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG4125

(Perkins et al., 2009, Quinones-Coello, 2007)

CT13684

(Hynes and Zhao, 2000)

IREE-C

(Halaby and Mornon, 1998)

IRREC/RST

(Galletta et al., 2003)

Irre-C

(Chen et al., 2007)

IrreC

(Abmayr and Pavlath, 2012, Hornbruch-Freitag et al., 2011, Lee et al., 2010, Bazigou et al., 2007, Dworak and Sink, 2002)

IrreC-Rst

(Bao et al., 2002)

IrreC-rst

(Seppa et al., 2008, Grzeschik et al., 2007, Mehta et al., 2005, Mehta et al., 2005, Galletta et al., 2004, Rusconi et al., 2004, Hiesinger et al., 2001, Strunkelnberg et al., 2001, Hiesinger et al., 1999, Struenkelnberg et al., 1999, Hiesinger et al., 1997, Koushika et al., 1996, Reiter et al., 1995)

IrreC/Rst

(Schäfer et al., 2007)

IrrecC

(Ackley and Jin, 2004)

Rst/IrreC

(Kreiskother et al., 2006)

UB883

irreC-rst

(Brachmann and Cagan, 2003, Gorski and Marra, 2002, Hays et al., 2002, Gorski et al., 2000, Kompass et al., 2000, Tanenbaum et al., 2000, Apitz et al., 1999, Bader and Fischbach, 1999, Reddy et al., 1999, Tanenbaum et al., 1998, Fischbach, 1997, Gorski et al., 1997, Reiter et al., 1997, Sulzbacher et al., 1997, Reiter et al., 1996, Fischbach, 1995, Schneider et al., 1995, White and Steller, 1995)

irrecC-rst

(Martinek and Gaul, 1997)

rst

(Arzate-Mejía et al., 2020, Ben-Zvi and Volk, 2019, Lee and Chen, 2019, Meltzer et al., 2019, Tossidou et al., 2019, Machado et al., 2018, Rohde et al., 2017, Gene Disruption Project members, 2016-, Kuckwa et al., 2016, Lycette et al., 2016, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-, Kim et al., 2015, Nagarkar-Jaiswal et al., 2015, Amcheslavsky et al., 2014, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Bao, 2014, Haralalka et al., 2014, Luck et al., 2014, Kaipa et al., 2013, Ozkan et al., 2013, Ozkan et al., 2013, Sen et al., 2013, Helmstadter et al., 2012, Johnson et al., 2012, Manning et al., 2012, Susic-Jung et al., 2012, Haralalka et al., 2011, Johnson et al., 2011, Napoletano et al., 2011, Takemura and Adachi-Yamada, 2011, Bao et al., 2010, Bulchand et al., 2010, Green, 2010, Kazemian et al., 2010, Popodi et al., 2010-, Sugie et al., 2010, Venken et al., 2010, Shelton et al., 2009, Simon et al., 2009, Sun and Birchler, 2009, Vogel et al., 2009, Weavers et al., 2009, Christensen et al., 2008.6.11, Christensen et al., 2008.12.28, Christensen et al., 2008.12.28, Christensen et al., 2008.12.28, Larson et al., 2008, Zhuang et al., 2008, Copeland et al., 2007, Cordero et al., 2007, Massarwa et al., 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Apitz et al., 2005, Liu et al., 2005, Menon et al., 2005, Strunkelnberg et al., 2003)

rst-irreC

(Machado et al., 2002, Octacilio-Silva et al., 2001)

rst-irrecC

(Machado et al., 1997, Ramos et al., 1997)

rst/irrecC

(Banks and Corbin, 2003)

Name Synonyms

C-Roughest

(Parsons et al., 2014)

ChiasmC-roughest

(Richardson and Kumar, 2002)

Irregular chiasm C-roughest protein

(Lee et al., 2010)

Irregular chiasmC-roughest

(Gorski et al., 2000)

Irregular optic chiasma C/Roughest

(Schäfer et al., 2007)

Irregular-chiasm-C

(Bulchand et al., 2010)

Roughest

(Finegan and Bergstralh, 2020, Loyer and Januschke, 2018, Helmstadter et al., 2012, Machnicka et al., 2012, Johnson et al., 2011, Bao et al., 2010, Bulchand et al., 2010, Johnson et al., 2008, Seppa et al., 2008, Bazigou et al., 2007, Chen et al., 2007, Hoehne et al., 2005, LeBrasseur, 2005)

irreC-roughest

(Davis and Judd, 1995, Ramos, 1993.2.5)

irregular chiasm C-roughest

(Freeman et al., 2004, Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)

irregular chiasm-C-roughest

(Brachmann and Cagan, 2003)

irregular optic chiasma C

roughest

(Boseman et al., 2013, Takemura and Adachi-Yamada, 2011, Bernard et al., 2010, Green, 2010, Lee et al., 2010, Krejcí et al., 2009, Simon et al., 2009, Sun and Birchler, 2009, Vogel et al., 2009, Weavers et al., 2009, Larson et al., 2008, Copeland et al., 2007, Tepass and Harris, 2007, Apitz et al., 2005, Bao and Cagan, 2005)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0001272
FBgn0005381

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

References (288)

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