FB2019_06, released Dec 19, 2019

Gene: Dmel\rst

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\rst
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
roughest
Annotation Symbol
CG4125
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0003285
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
14 publicly available
Gene Snapshot
roughest (rst) encodes a multi-purpose transmembrane protein that is well studied in the fly eye and muscle during development. It interacts with the transmembrane ligand encoded by hbs to guide cell movement. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Other Summaries
Also Known As
irreC, irreC-rst, rst-irreC, irreC-roughest, irregular chiasm C-roughest
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
3C3-3C4
Sequence location
X:2,950,399..2,973,834 [-]
Recombination map
1-2
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Molecular Function (GO)
[Detailed GO annotations]
Experimental Evidence
PDZ domain binding
Predictions / Assertions
-
Summaries
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Required for correct axonal pathway formation in the optic lobe and for programmed cell death in the developing retina.
(UniProt, Q08180)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
irreC: irregular chiasm-C (J.C. Hall)
In optic ganglia, fiber tracts from the medulla to the lobula plate penetrate lobula neuropile instead of projecting through second optic chiasm; occasionally, ectopic bundles of axonal fibers penetrate lobula-plate neuropile; in most severely deformed individuals, lobula and lobula plate are partly fused. In first optic chiasm, fibers from lamina are misrouted, taking detour around posterior medulla neuropile, penetrating the latter at variable positions on its inner (posterior) face from which positions the fiber tracts turn around and form normal-appearing terminals in retinotopic locations. Gynandromorph analysis showed that eye genotype does not induce optic lobe phenotypes. It also appears as if first- (or second-) chiasm defect does not induce that in the second (or first); among several mutant individuals analyzed (cf. variable expressivity under alleles), there is no correlation between the anatomical abnormalities in these two locations (though there is high correlation between defective first or second chiasm in left and right sides of head). Optic lobe pioneer axons [larval neurons, which persist into adulthood and can be seen following path of first optic chiasm, and may guide newly growing fibers during formation of imaginal visual system (Tix, Minden, and Technau, 1989, Development 105: 739-46)] are displaced in irreC pupae, with their axons having followed ectopic pathways.
rst: roughest
Eyes rough and bulging; facets irregular in size and arrangement.
UB883
Eye mutant. Inner optic chiasma in disorder. Bundles of fibers connecting medulla and lobula plate penetrate neuropil of lobula.
Summary (Interactive Fly)
Ig-C2-type-domain protein - transmembrane - required in at least three independent events in eye development and axon guidance - The adhesion molecules Roughest, Hibris, Kin of Irre and Sticks and Stones are required for long range spacing of the Drosophila wing disc sensory sensilla
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\rst or the JBrowse view of Dmel\rst for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model
Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.
Gene model reviewed during 5.45
Gene model reviewed during 5.52
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
rst-RA
FBtr0070562
NM_080319
4818
764
rst-RB
FBtr0343758
NM_001297906
6251
764
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
5 (northern blot)
(Ramos et al., 1993)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
rst-PA
FBpp0070537
83.0
764
6.99
NP_525058
AAF45845
rst-PB
FBpp0310320
83.0
764
6.99
NP_001284835
AHN59306
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

764 aa isoforms: rst-PA, rst-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
764 (aa); 83 (kD predicted)
(Ramos et al., 1993)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
UniProt
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\rst using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Gene Ontology (13 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
PDZ domain binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:X11L; FB:FBgn0026313
(Vishnu et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
compound eye development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Araujo et al., 2003)
compound eye morphogenesis
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:P40946
(assigned by UniProt )
(Johnson et al., 2011)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bao et al., 2010, Larson et al., 2008, Cordero et al., 2007, Vishnu et al., 2006)
homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:hbs; FB:FBgn0029082
(Zhuang et al., 2009)
regulation of striated muscle tissue development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death
traceable author statement
(Gorski and Marra, 2002)
homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules
traceable author statement
(Brachmann and Cagan, 2003, Gorski and Marra, 2002)
myoblast fusion
traceable author statement
(Dworak and Sink, 2002)
retinal cell programmed cell death
traceable author statement
(Brachmann and Cagan, 2003)
Cellular Component (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
apical part of cell
inferred from direct assay
(Simon et al., 2009)
apical plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Johnson et al., 2008)
cell-cell adherens junction
inferred from direct assay
(Johnson et al., 2012)
plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Simon et al., 2009, Vishnu et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
integral component of membrane
traceable author statement
(Brachmann and Cagan, 2003)
plasma membrane
inferred from sequence or structural similarity
(Ramos et al., 1993)
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
pupal stage
secondary pigment cell
(Ramos et al., 1993)
medulla | restricted
(Ramos et al., 1993)
lamina
(Ramos et al., 1993)
retina
(Ramos et al., 1993)
tertiary pigment cell
(Ramos et al., 1993)
embryonic stage 11
labral segment
(Ramos et al., 1993)
embryonic mandibular segment
(Ramos et al., 1993)
embryonic maxillary segment
(Ramos et al., 1993)
embryonic labial segment
(Ramos et al., 1993)
mesoderm | restricted
(Ramos et al., 1993)
ventral midline
(Ramos et al., 1993)
third instar larval stage
larval outer optic anlage
(Ramos et al., 1993)
imaginal disc
(Ramos et al., 1993)
eye-antennal disc
(Ramos et al., 1993)
embryonic stage 4
organism | pair rule expression pattern
(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 5 -- 7
head | dorsal | posterior

Comment: expressed dorsally in procephalic region

(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)
amnioserosa anlage
(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 8
mesectoderm | segmentally repeated
(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 9 -- 11
organism | dorsal | restricted

Comment: dorsal midline; expression fades at stage 12

(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 10 -- 11
visceral muscle primordium
(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 12
cell of mesoderm

Comment: expression in majority of mesodermal cells

(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 13 -- 14
muscle founder cell
(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)
muscle founder cell & fusion competent cell
(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
central brain anlage in statu nascendi
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
antennal anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
amnioserosa anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
antennal anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
mesectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium

Comment: reported as ventral nerve cord anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
amnioserosa
(Fisher et al., 2012)
amnioserosa primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
mesectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
amnioserosa
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal pharyngeal muscle primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
foregut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
midline primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
somatic muscle primordium

Comment: reported as muscle system primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visceral muscle primordium

Comment: reported as muscle system primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral midline neuroblast
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
dorsal pharyngeal muscle
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic anal pad
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic hindgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval muscle system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 12
midline primordium
(Kearney et al., 2004)
pupal stage P6
interommatidial cell
(Bao and Cagan, 2005)
RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
prepupal stage P1 -- pupal stage P7
retina
(Machado et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
rst mRNA is first detected at low levels in early pupae, peaks at 24% APF and then returns to basal levels by 43% APF.
(Machado et al., 2011)
rst transcripts are found predominantly within the interommatidial cell at 24 hours APF.
(Bao and Cagan, 2005)
rst transcript is expressed from embryonic stage 4-14. Embryonic stage 4 expression is initially in a pattern of seven stripes, which soon fades. Subsequently, rst is expressed in dorsally in the procephalic region and in the amnioserosa anlage. At stage 8, rst is expressed in mesectodermal cells in a segmental pattern. At stage 9, rst is expressed at the dorsal midline and in mesodermal cells. Dorsal midline expression intensifies during stage 10-11, as expression begins in visceral muscle progenitors. At stage 12, rst has strong expression in most mesodermal cells as dorsal midline expression fades. At stages 13-14, expression is in muscle founder cells, and in fusion-competent myoblasts.
(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)
rst transcripts are expressed throughout development with peaks in embryonic and pupal stages. In late stage 11 embryos, transcripts are detected in lateral mesodermal cell clusters, in the midline, in cell clusters in the mandibular, maxillary, and labial buds, and in the clypeolabrum. In late third instar larvae, strong signal is observed in the imaginal discs and in the outer optic anlagen. In the eye disc, expression starts just in front of the morphogenetic furrow. In pupae, expression is observed in the lamina and in subpopulations of medullar cells. At 36hr, retinal expression is restricted to cells between the ommatidiial clusters (ie. to presumptive secondary and tertiary pigment cells and to cells of the bristle complex). Expression is then down-regulated in the retina and transcripts can no longer be detected 72hr after puparium formation.
(Ramos et al., 1993)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
distribution deduced from reporter
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
pupal stage P6
interommatidial cell
(Bao et al., 2010)
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 14
apodeme
(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 13 -- 14
muscle founder cell
(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)
fusion competent cell
(Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)
pupal stage
primary pigment cell | faint
(Gorski et al., 2000)
secondary pigment cell | intense
(Gorski et al., 2000)
tertiary pigment cell | intense
(Gorski et al., 2000)
interommatidial cell
(Machado et al., 2011)
third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval salivary gland
(Simon et al., 2009)
prepupal stage P3 -- P4
salivary gland
(Simon et al., 2009)
pupal stage P6 -- P7
primary pigment cell
(Bao and Cagan, 2005)
interommatidial cell
(Bao and Cagan, 2005)
pupal stage P6
adult optic lobe
(Vishnu et al., 2006)
eye disc
(Vishnu et al., 2006)
lobula complex
(Vishnu et al., 2006)
lamina
(Vishnu et al., 2006)
medulla | distal
(Vishnu et al., 2006)
primary pigment cell
(Vishnu et al., 2006)
interommatidial precursor cell
(Vishnu et al., 2006)
Additional Descriptive Data
rst and rst are observed primarily in interommatidial cells in a pattern complementary to sns and hbs.
(Bao et al., 2010)
In late third instar larvae salivary glands, strong rst immunoreactivity is observed at cell boundaries and in an internal lace-like pattern that appears to show colocalization with tubulin. No expression is observed in the luminal region of the gland. A few hours later, no staining is seen and then signal is observed again at 3 hours APF but in a reorganized intracellular pattern. Expression persists until 10 hours APF.
(Simon et al., 2009)
rst protein is expressed in pupal eye discs in the interommatidial precursor cells and most strongly in primary pigment cells. In pupal brains, rst protein localizes to a distinct layer in the neuropil of the distal medulla, where is overlaps with X11L expression. It is also expressed in well-defined layers of the lamina, the proximal medulla, and the lobula complex. In ommatidial cells, rst is clearly associated with cell membranes.
(Vishnu et al., 2006)
rst exhibits dynamic expression from larval through pupal development. High levels are seen at the border between two primary pigment cells and between neighboring interommatidial cells in pupal cells from 24-42 hours APF.
(Bao and Cagan, 2005)
rst protein is localised along the border between secondary and tertiary pigment cells,
(Gorski et al., 2000)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
apical part of cell
inferred from direct assay
(Simon et al., 2009)
apical plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Johnson et al., 2008)
cell-cell adherens junction
inferred from direct assay
(Johnson et al., 2012)
plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Simon et al., 2009, Vishnu et al., 2006)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\rst in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, and Transgenic Constructs
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 23 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 12 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of rst
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of rst
Deletions and Duplications ( 98 )
Disrupted in
Df(1)62d18
(Judd et al., 1972)
Df(1)BSC531
(Christensen et al., 2008.6.11)
Df(1)BSC656
(Christensen et al., 2008.12.28)
Df(1)BSC710
(Christensen et al., 2008.12.28)
Df(1)BSC720
(Christensen et al., 2008.12.28)
Df(1)JC19
(Ramos et al., 1993)
Df(1)N-8
(Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2000, Kramers et al., 1991, Lin and Wolfner, 1989, Kramers et al., 1983, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Slizynska, 1938)
Df(1)N-64i16
(Lefevre and Green, 1972)
Df(1)N-66i25
(Welshons, 1974)
Df(1)N-68f19
(Welshons, 1974)
Df(1)N-71h
(Ramos et al., 1993)
Df(1)N-264-31
(Slizynska, 1938)
Df(1)N-264-32
(Slizynska, 1938)
Df(1)N-264-36
(Slizynska, 1938)
Df(1)N-264-38
(Slizynska, 1938)
Df(1)N-264-58
(Demerec, 1940)
Df(1)N55l
(Hillman, 1958)
Df(1)rst2
(Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2000, Judd, 1995, Smolik-Utlaut and Gelbart, 1987, Lefevre and Green, 1972)
Df(1)Su(z)J93
(Judd, 1995)
Df(1)vt
(Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2000)
Df(1)w-55A
(Pastink et al., 1987)
Df(1)w55j
(Lin and Wolfner, 1989)
Df(1)w67c11
(Lefevre and Green, 1972)
Df(1)w67d4
(Lefevre and Green, 1972)
Df(1)w67d22
(Lefevre and Green, 1972)
Df(1)w67d24
(Lefevre and Green, 1972)
Df(1)w67e8
(Lefevre and Green, 1972)
Df(1)w67k30
(Massarwa et al., 2007, Chen et al., 2003, Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2000, Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Lefevre and Green, 1972)
Df(1)w-72B
(Pastink et al., 1987)
Df(1)w258-42
(Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2000, Judd et al., 1972)
Df(1)wEM51
(Montgomery et al., 1991)
Df(1)w
(Hing and Carlson, 1996)
Df(1)w-DZL-2
(Bingham, 1981)
Df(1)w-DZL-14
(Bingham, 1981)
Df(1)w-EM3
(Montgomery et al., 1991)
Df(1)w-EM22
(Montgomery et al., 1991)
Df(1)w-m53a
Df(1)w-N71a
(Judd et al., 1972)
Df(1)w-vco
Df(2R)TE51D-17
Df(2R)TE51D-58
In(1)irreC-IR34
(Ramos et al., 1991, Boschert et al., 1990)
In(1)wm4Lrst3R
(Lefevre and Green, 1972)
In(1LR)l-v139
(Lindsley et al., 1960)
T(1;2;3)w-44
(Pastink et al., 1987)
T(2;3)TE35B-5
Duplicated in
Dp(1;1)w
(Lewis, 1957)
Dp(1;2;Y)w+
(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Judd et al., 1972)
Dp(1;2)51b
(Judd, 1995, Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Poulson and Lefevre, 1982, Lefevre and Wilkins, 1966)
Dp(1;2)wm53a
Dp(1;2)w-ec
(Lefevre, 1981)
Dp(1;3)N50k
Dp(1;3)N264-58
(Judd et al., 1972)
Dp(1;3)TE98F
(Hiebert and Birchler, 1992)
Dp(1;3)w+67k
(Judd et al., 1972)
Dp(1;3)wm49a
(Judd, 1995, Judd et al., 1972)
Dp(1;3)wvco
(Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2000, Judd, 1995, Lefevre, 1981)
Dp(1;3)wzh
(Peterson et al., 1994)
Dp(1;4)wm51c
Dp(1;4)wm65g
(Judd et al., 1972)
T(1;4)wm258-18
(Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2000)
Not disrupted in
Df(1)62g18
(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)
Df(1)64c4
(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)
Df(1)64f1
(Lin and Wolfner, 1989, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)
Df(1)64j4
(Lin and Wolfner, 1989, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)
Df(1)65j26
(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)
Df(1)HM3
(Kramers et al., 1983)
Df(1)K95
(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)
Df(1)N-54l9
(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Mohler, 1956)
Df(1)N-62b1
(Welshons, 1974)
Df(1)N-81k1
(Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2000)
Df(1)N-264-105
(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983)
Df(1)Pgd-kz
(Kramers et al., 1991)
Df(1)Sp2F-3A
(Schalet, 1986)
Df(1)TEM1
(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983)
Df(1)TEM7
(Kramers et al., 1991, Thierry-Mieg, 1982)
Df(1)TEM202
(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983)
Df(1)TEM304
(Kramers et al., 1991)
Df(1)TEM501
(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983)
Df(1)w258-11
(Judd et al., 1972)
Df(1)w258-45
(Lin and Wolfner, 1989, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)
Df(1)w258-48
(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983)
Df(1)wm258-44
Df(1)w-DZL-1
(Bingham, 1981)
Df(1)w-DZL-3
(Bingham, 1981)
Df(1)w-rJ1
(Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983, Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)
Df(1)w-rJ2
(Judd et al., 1972)
Df(1)X12
(Thierry-Mieg, 1982, Judd et al., 1972)
In(1)N66h26
(Grimwade et al., 1985, Welshons, 1974)
Not duplicated in
Dp(1;2)w+70h
(Judd et al., 1972)
Dp(1;3)wvco
(Schalet, 1986)
Tp(1;2)w+1
(Green, 1984)
Tp(1;2)w+4
(Green, 1984)
Tp(1;2)w+5
(Green, 1984)
Tp(1;2)w+6
(Green, 1984)
Tp(1;3)w+2
(Green, 1984)
Tp(1;3)w+3
(Green, 1984)
Tp(1;3)w+7
(Green, 1984)
Partially duplicated in
Dp(1;2)51b
(Welshons and Welshons, 1986)
Dp(1;2)76f
(Welshons and Welshons, 1986)
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal - all die before end of embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4da.G32
partially lethal
partially lethal - majority die | adult stage | heat sensitive
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
female semi-sterile
female sterile
male sterile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
cell death defective | dominant
decreased cell death | pupal stage | heat sensitive
decreased cell death | pupal stage | recessive
eye color defective | dominant
neuroanatomy defective
neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4MZ1369
small body
some die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4da.G32
visible
visible, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible | dominant
visible | recessive
visual behavior defective | heat sensitive
wild-type, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
wild-type, with Scer\GAL4twi.PB
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adherens junction
adult optic lobe
adult optic lobe, with Scer\GAL4MZ1369
antennal disc
antennal segment 3 sensillum
antennal segment 3 sensillum, with Scer\GAL4sca-P309
anterior vertical bristle
cell-cell junction
chaeta | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
cone cell, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
cone cell, with Scer\GAL4MZ1369
embryonic/larval garland cell | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4pros.PMG
embryonic/larval muscle system, with Scer\GAL4da.G32
embryonic/larval optic lobe, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
embryonic/larval salivary gland
embryonic myoblast
embryonic myoblast, with Scer\GAL469B
embryonic myoblast, with Scer\GAL4da.G32
embryonic myoblast, with Scer\GAL4Dll-md23
embryonic somatic muscle | ectopic
eye
eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
eye, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
eye disc
four cone-cell ommatidial precursor cluster, with Scer\GAL4MZ1369
interommatidial bristle, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
interommatidial bristle, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
interommatidial bristle, with Scer\GAL4MZ1369
interommatidial bristle | ectopic
interommatidial cell, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
interommatidial cell | supernumerary
interommatidial precursor cell, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
interommatidial precursor cell, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
interommatidial precursor cell | P-stage, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
interommatidial precursor cell | pupal stage P6
interommatidial precursor cell | pupal stage P7
lamina, with Scer\GAL4MZ1369
lamina anlage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
lobula, with Scer\GAL4MZ1369
lobula plate, with Scer\GAL4MZ1369
nucleus | supernumerary | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4pros.PMG
ommatidial precursor cluster
ommatidial precursor cluster, with Scer\GAL4MZ1369
ommatidium
ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4MZ1369
optic chiasma, with Scer\GAL4MZ1369
optic chiasma | adult stage
photoreceptor cell pigment granule
posterior vertical bristle
postvertical bristle
presumptive embryonic/larval muscle system
primary pigment cell
primary pigment cell, with Scer\GAL4MZ1369
sacculus, with Scer\GAL4sca-P309
secondary pigment cell
sensillum basiconicum of antennal segment 3
sensillum trichodeum of antennal segment 3, with Scer\GAL4sca-P309
tertiary pigment cell
thorax & microchaeta
wing hair, with Scer\GAL4wg-IS650
wing margin, with Scer\GAL4wg-IS650
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
Homo sapiens (Human) (11)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\KIRREL1
12 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\KIRREL3
11 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\KIRREL2
10 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\IGSF9B
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\LRIT1
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\LRIT3
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\NPHS1
1 of 15
No
No
 
Hsap\OBSCN
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\PAPLN
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\SDK1
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\USH2A
1 of 15
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (10)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Kirrel
12 of 15
Yes
Yes
 
Mmus\Kirrel3
11 of 15
No
Yes
 
Mmus\Kirrel2
10 of 15
No
Yes
 
Mmus\Igsf9b
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Lrit1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Lrit3
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Nphs1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Papln
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Ptprq
1 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Sdk1
1 of 15
No
No
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (7)
Rnor\Kirrel1
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Kirrel2
10 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Kirrel3
7 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Igsf9b
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Lrit1
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Nphs1
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Opcml
1 of 13
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (7)
Xtro\kirrel2
9 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\kirrel1
2 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\igsf9b
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\kirrel3
1 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\lrit3
1 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\nphs1
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\papln
1 of 12
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (22)
Drer\kirrel1b
13 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\kirrel1a
12 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\kirrel3a
11 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\kirrel3l
7 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\kirrel3b
5 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\igsf9a
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\dscama
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\dscamb
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\igsf9bb
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\igsf9b
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\itgb4
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\lrit1a
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\lrit1b
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\lrit3a
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\lrit3b
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\ncam1b
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\nphs1
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\paplna
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\sdk1a
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\sdk1b
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\si:ch1073-459j12.1
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\ush2a
1 of 15
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (6)
Cele\syg-1
8 of 15
Yes
Yes
Cele\C53A5.13
1 of 15
No
Yes
Cele\igcm-1
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\igcm-2
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\rig-3
1 of 15
No
Yes
Cele\syg-2
1 of 15
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
No records found.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
No records found.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
No records found.
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09190425 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly
Dmel\rst
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00006076
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\GD16346
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\GM18845
Drosophila erecta
Dere\GG18598
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\GE16910
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\GF22469
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Dpse\GA27134
Drosophila persimilis
Dper\GL19784
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\GK25392
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\rst
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\GI10959
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH12264
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091501IG )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17012130
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17020825
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY005404
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly
Lcup\FF38_14455
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes003404
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL002754
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL002732
Anopheles darlingi
American malaria mosquito
Adar\ADAC004949
Anopheles darlingi
American malaria mosquito
Adar\ADAC004956
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\AGAP000217
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\AGAP000218
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ006789
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ009311
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W04IX )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth
Bmor\BGIBMGA013289
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth
Bmor\BGIBMGA013308
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth
Bmor\BGIBMGA013310
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth
Bmor\BGIBMGA013290
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS203872-PA
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS202424-PA
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS202426-PA
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS202427-PA
Heliconius melpomene
Postman butterfly
Hmel\HMEL003398
Heliconius melpomene
Postman butterfly
Hmel\HMEL005989
Heliconius melpomene
Postman butterfly
Hmel\HMEL006620
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\3533754980
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\GB49778
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\GB40327
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP16987
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15215008
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH23702
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH23703
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH23701
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:000e85
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG007772
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_01854
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\TC002914
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Phum\PHUM111230
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\RPRC003809
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\RPRC003807
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC006407
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI28711
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_02190
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X08BT )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR005445
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW023039
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM73801.1
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM73802.1
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur02g14010
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_245437
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v7.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (38)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
kirre
6 of 10
hbs
3 of 10
sns
3 of 10
CG45263
2 of 10
ed
2 of 10
fred
2 of 10
nrm
2 of 10
Ama
1 of 10
babos
1 of 10
CG13506
1 of 10
CG17716
1 of 10
DIP-δ
1 of 10
DIP-ε
1 of 10
DIP-η
1 of 10
DIP-ι
1 of 10
DIP-θ
1 of 10
DIP-ζ
1 of 10
dpr2
1 of 10
dpr3
1 of 10
dpr5
1 of 10
dpr10
1 of 10
dpr11
1 of 10
dpr15
1 of 10
dpr17
1 of 10
dpr19
1 of 10
dpr21
1 of 10
Dscam2
1 of 10
plum
1 of 10
side-III
1 of 10
side-II
1 of 10
side-IV
1 of 10
side
1 of 10
side-VIII
1 of 10
side-VII
1 of 10
side-VI
1 of 10
side-V
1 of 10
Strn-Mlck
1 of 10
tutl
1 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Model Summary Ribbon
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    KIRREL1; kirre like nephrin family adhesion molecule 1
    12 of 15
    607428
        KIRREL3; kirre like nephrin family adhesion molecule 3
        11 of 15
        607761
            KIRREL2; kirre like nephrin family adhesion molecule 2
            10 of 15
            607762
                Functional Complementation Data
                Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
                Interactions
                Summary of Physical Interactions
                Summary of Genetic Interactions
                esyN Network Diagram
                esyN Network Key:
                Suppression
                Enhancement
                View in Interactions Browser
                Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
                Starting gene(s)
                Interaction type
                Interacting gene(s)
                Reference
                rst
                enhanceable
                Dl
                (Gorski et al., 2000, Tanenbaum et al., 2000)
                rst
                enhanceable
                E(rst)D184
                (Tanenbaum et al., 2000)
                rst
                enhanceable
                E(rst)H125
                (Tanenbaum et al., 2000)
                rst
                enhanceable
                E(rst)H253
                (Tanenbaum et al., 2000)
                rst
                enhanceable
                hbs
                (Bao and Cagan, 2005)
                rst
                enhanceable
                kirre
                (Bao et al., 2010)
                rst
                enhanceable
                morgue
                (Hays et al., 2002)
                rst
                enhanceable
                X11L
                (Vishnu et al., 2006)
                rst
                enhanceable
                α-Cat
                (Larson et al., 2008)
                Starting gene(s)
                Interaction type
                Interacting gene(s)
                Reference
                cindr
                suppressible
                rst
                (Johnson et al., 2008)
                pyd
                enhanceable
                rst
                (Seppa et al., 2008)
                X11L
                enhanceable
                rst
                (Vishnu et al., 2006)
                External Data
                Linkouts
                BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
                MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                Pathways
                Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
                Metabolic Pathways
                External Data
                Linkouts
                Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
                Chromosome (arm)
                X
                Recombination map
                1-2
                Cytogenetic map
                3C3-3C4
                Sequence location
                X:2,950,399..2,973,834 [-]
                FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
                Cytogenetic map
                Evidence for location
                3C3-3C4
                Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP1362 and P{EP}dncEP1395
                Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
                Cytogenetic map
                Notes
                References
                3C5-3C5
                (determined by in situ hybridisation)
                (Vieira et al., 1997, Ramos et al., 1993)
                Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
                Location
                1-2
                (FlyBase, 2016)
                1-1.8
                (Comeron et al., 2012)
                1-2.2
                (Lefevre, 1970)
                Left of (cM)
                (Welshons and Welshons, 1986)
                (Welshons and Welshons, 1986, Lefevre, 1970)
                Right of (cM)
                (Welshons and Welshons, 1986, Lefevre, 1970)
                Notes
                Mapping based on 132 w-Nspl-1 recombinants.
                Stocks and Reagents
                Stocks (14)
                Genomic Clones (12)
                 

                Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

                cDNA Clones (99)
                 

                Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

                cDNA clones, fully sequences
                BDGP DGC clones
                Other clones
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                BDGP DGC clones
                Other clones
                RNAi and Array Information
                Linkouts
                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
                Antibody Information
                Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                 
                monoclonal
                (Schneider et al., 1995)
                Commercially Available Antibodies
                 
                Other Information
                Relationship to Other Genes
                Source for database identify of
                Source for identity of: rst CG4125
                (Gabrielian, 1999.11)
                Source for database merge of
                Source for merge of: rst UB883
                (Fischbach, 2001.12.10)
                Additional comments
                Other Comments
                rst is required for differentiation and time of death of interommatidial cells during pupal stages of compound eye development.
                (Araujo et al., 2003)
                rst and kirre act redundantly during muscle development as myoblast attractants.
                (Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)
                Loss of function and misexpression of rst results in an altered arrangement of sensory organ founder cells within the antennal disc.
                (Reddy et al., 1999)
                Amorphic mutations of z are strong recessive enhancers of position effect variegation (PEV) for the w, rst and N loci.
                (Judd, 1995)
                Restricted expression of the rst protein is required for normal axonal projections of columnar visual neurons.
                (Schneider et al., 1995)
                rst gene product is required for the normal number of cell deaths in the eye imaginal discs.
                (Ramos et al., 1993)
                Eyes rough and bulging; facets irregular in size and arrangement. In optic ganglia, fiber tracts from the medulla to the lobula plate penetrate lobula neuropil instead of projecting through second optic chiasm; occasionally, ectopic bundles of axonal fibers penetrate lobula-plate neuropil; in most severely deformed individuals, lobula and lobula plate are partly fused. In first optic chiasm, fibers from lamina are misrouted, taking detour around posterior medulla neuropil, penetrating the latter at variable positions on its inner (posterior) face from which positions the fiber tracts turn around and form normal-appearing terminals in retinotopic locations. Gynandromorph analysis showed that eye genotype does not induce optic lobe phenotypes. It also appears as if first- (or second-) chiasm defect does not induce that in the second (or first); among several mutant individuals analyzed, there is no correlation between the anatomical abnormalities in these two locations (though there is high correlation between defective first or second chiasm in left and right sides of head). Optic lobe pioneer axons <up>larval neurons, which persist into adulthood and can be seen following path of first optic chiasm and may guide newly growing fibers during formation of imaginal visual system</up> are displaced in rst pupae, with their axons having followed ectopic pathways.
                (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
                rst is required for normal elimination of surplus cells from the retinal epithelium. Cell death eliminates 2 or 3 cells per ommatidium 35 and 50 hours after pupation.
                (Wolff and Ready, 1991)
                rst is necessary for the correct projection of visual fibres in the optic chiasms of optic ganglia.
                (Boschert et al., 1990)
                Origin and Etymology
                Discoverer
                Etymology
                Identification
                External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 129 )
                Sequence Crossreferences
                NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                Other crossreferences
                BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
                iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
                Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                Linkouts
                BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
                FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
                MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                Synonyms and Secondary IDs (32)
                Reported As
                Symbol Synonym
                CG4125
                (Perkins et al., 2009, Quinones-Coello, 2007)
                CT13684
                (Hynes and Zhao, 2000)
                IREE-C
                (Halaby and Mornon, 1998)
                IRREC/RST
                (Galletta et al., 2003)
                Irre-C
                (Chen et al., 2007)
                IrreC
                (Abmayr and Pavlath, 2012, Hornbruch-Freitag et al., 2011, Lee et al., 2010, Bazigou et al., 2007, Dworak and Sink, 2002)
                IrreC-Rst
                (Bao et al., 2002)
                IrreC-rst
                (Seppa et al., 2008, Grzeschik et al., 2007, Mehta et al., 2005, Mehta et al., 2005, Galletta et al., 2004, Rusconi et al., 2004, Hiesinger et al., 2001, Strunkelnberg et al., 2001, Hiesinger et al., 1999, Struenkelnberg et al., 1999, Hiesinger et al., 1997, Koushika et al., 1996, Reiter et al., 1995)
                IrreC/Rst
                (Schäfer et al., 2007)
                IrrecC
                (Ackley and Jin, 2004)
                Rst
                (Sato et al., 2019, Del Bel et al., 2018, Jin et al., 2018, Loyer and Januschke, 2018, Bothe and Baylies, 2016, Parsons et al., 2014, Ozkan et al., 2013, Sato et al., 2013, Abmayr and Pavlath, 2012, Höhne et al., 2011, Hornbruch-Freitag et al., 2011, Bao et al., 2010, Bulchand et al., 2010, Williamson et al., 2010, Johnson et al., 2008, Seppa et al., 2008, Chen et al., 2007, Linneweber and Fischbach, 2007, Vishnu et al., 2006, Hoehne et al., 2005)
                Rst/IrreC
                (Kreiskother et al., 2006)
                UB883
                irreC
                (Helmstadter et al., 2012, Takemura and Adachi-Yamada, 2011, Bulchand et al., 2010, Sugie et al., 2010, Tepass and Harris, 2007, Grzeschik and Knust, 2005, Hynes and Zhao, 2000, Garcia-Alonso, 1999, Araujo et al., 1996, Levine et al., 1995, Schneider et al., 1995, Steller and Grether, 1994, Meinertzhagen and Hanson, 1993, Ramos, 1993, Ramos et al., 1993, Ramos et al., 1993, Ramos et al., 1991, Ramos et al., 1991, Tix et al., 1991, Boschert et al., 1990, Boschert et al., 1990, Ramos et al., 1989)
                irreC-rst
                (Brachmann and Cagan, 2003, Gorski and Marra, 2002, Hays et al., 2002, Gorski et al., 2000, Kompass et al., 2000, Tanenbaum et al., 2000, Apitz et al., 1999, Bader and Fischbach, 1999, Reddy et al., 1999, Tanenbaum et al., 1998, Fischbach, 1997, Gorski et al., 1997, Reiter et al., 1997, Sulzbacher et al., 1997, Reiter et al., 1996, Fischbach, 1995, Schneider et al., 1995, White and Steller, 1995)
                irrecC-rst
                (Martinek and Gaul, 1997)
                rst
                (Ben-Zvi and Volk, 2019, Meltzer et al., 2019, Tossidou et al., 2019, Machado et al., 2018, Rohde et al., 2017, Gene Disruption Project members, 2016-, Lycette et al., 2016, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-, Kim et al., 2015, Nagarkar-Jaiswal et al., 2015, Amcheslavsky et al., 2014, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Bao, 2014, Haralalka et al., 2014, Luck et al., 2014, Kaipa et al., 2013, Ozkan et al., 2013, Ozkan et al., 2013, Sen et al., 2013, Helmstadter et al., 2012, Johnson et al., 2012, Manning et al., 2012, Susic-Jung et al., 2012, Haralalka et al., 2011, Johnson et al., 2011, Napoletano et al., 2011, Takemura and Adachi-Yamada, 2011, Bao et al., 2010, Bulchand et al., 2010, Green, 2010, Kazemian et al., 2010, Popodi et al., 2010-, Sugie et al., 2010, Venken et al., 2010, Shelton et al., 2009, Simon et al., 2009, Sun and Birchler, 2009, Vogel et al., 2009, Weavers et al., 2009, Christensen et al., 2008.6.11, Christensen et al., 2008.12.28, Christensen et al., 2008.12.28, Christensen et al., 2008.12.28, Larson et al., 2008, Zhuang et al., 2008, Copeland et al., 2007, Cordero et al., 2007, Massarwa et al., 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Apitz et al., 2005, Liu et al., 2005, Menon et al., 2005, Strunkelnberg et al., 2003)
                rst-irreC
                (Machado et al., 2002, Octacilio-Silva et al., 2001)
                rst-irrecC
                (Machado et al., 1997, Ramos et al., 1997)
                rst/irrecC
                (Banks and Corbin, 2003)
                Name Synonyms
                C-Roughest
                (Parsons et al., 2014)
                ChiasmC-roughest
                (Richardson and Kumar, 2002)
                Irregular chiasm C-roughest protein
                (Lee et al., 2010)
                Irregular chiasmC-roughest
                (Gorski et al., 2000)
                Irregular optic chiasma C/Roughest
                (Schäfer et al., 2007)
                Irregular-chiasm-C
                (Bulchand et al., 2010)
                Roughest
                (Loyer and Januschke, 2018, Helmstadter et al., 2012, Machnicka et al., 2012, Johnson et al., 2011, Bao et al., 2010, Bulchand et al., 2010, Johnson et al., 2008, Seppa et al., 2008, Bazigou et al., 2007, Chen et al., 2007, Hoehne et al., 2005, LeBrasseur, 2005)
                irreC-roughest
                (Davis and Judd, 1995, Ramos, 1993.2.5)
                irregular chiasm C-roughest
                (Freeman et al., 2004, Strunkelnberg et al., 2001)
                irregular chiasm-C-roughest
                (Brachmann and Cagan, 2003)
                irregular optic chiasma C
                roughest
                (Boseman et al., 2013, Takemura and Adachi-Yamada, 2011, Bernard et al., 2010, Green, 2010, Lee et al., 2010, Krejcí et al., 2009, Simon et al., 2009, Sun and Birchler, 2009, Vogel et al., 2009, Weavers et al., 2009, Larson et al., 2008, Copeland et al., 2007, Tepass and Harris, 2007, Apitz et al., 2005, Bao and Cagan, 2005)
                Secondary FlyBase IDs
                • FBgn0001272
                • FBgn0005381
                Datasets (0)
                Study focus (0)
                Experimental Role
                Project
                Project Type
                Title
                References (285)