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Gene Dmel\Sgs4

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Sgs4	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Salivary gland secretion 4	Annotation symbol	CG12181
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0003374
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	None publicly available
Also Known As	Sgs-4, Sgs
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	X	Recombination map	1-3.0
Cytogenetic map	3C10-3C10	Sequence location	X:3,143,534..3,145,073 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Salivary gland secretion 4 is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Sgs4 (CG12181, FBgn0003374). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. It is reported to have molecular function: structural molecule activity. It is reported to be involved in the biological process: puparial adhesion. 41 alleles are reported. No phenotypic data is available. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of extremely high expression to a trough of no expression detected. Peak expression observed during late larval stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval salivary gland. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1626630_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of Sgs4. Gene sequence location is X:3143534..3145073.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	Sgs4 Encodes the salivary-gland glue protein, SGS4; this protein not required for viability, since non producers eclose normally; it varies in size owing to a variable number of copies of a heptapeptide repeat in an N-terminal tandem array. Expression of the virtually inactive allele, Sgs4H increased four fold in trans heterozygotes with the normally active allele, Sgs4OR, and nine fold with a tandem duplication [Dp(1;1)Co] containing two copies of a normally active allele; neither Sgs4H/Sgs4Ber nor Sgs4Ber/Sgs4OR exhibits enhanced activity; enhancement decreased by disruption in pairing, e.g., in Sgs4H/FM6 (Kornher and Brutlag, 1986, Cell 44: 879-83).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 3C10-3C10   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}dncEP1395 and P{EP}dncEP973
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 3C11-3C12   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Korge et al., 1990) 3C11-3C11   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Hofmann and Korge, 1987) 3C11-3C12   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Muskavitch and Hogness, 1982) 3C11-3C12   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Muskavitch and Hogness, 1980)   The Sgs4 gene colocalizes with the 3C intermolt puff.   (Korge, 1975)   Associated with the intermolt puff in 3C-11.   (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	1-3.0 (Kokoza et al., 1982)
Left of (cM)	rb (Kokoza et al., 1982)
Right of (cM)	w (Kokoza et al., 1982)
Notes	Mapping based on 97 wa-rb recombinants. (Kokoza et al., 1982)
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Sgs4 for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated. Supported by strand-specific RNA-Seq data. Gene model reviewed during 5.46
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Sgs4-RB FBtr0070524  NM_057369   1540   304
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	1.189 (sequence analysis) (Siegmund, 1995.3.13)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Sgs4-PB   FBpp0070500   33.1   304   9.29     NP_476717   AAF45860
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	290 (aa) (Furia, 1991.7.24)
Comments	Naturally occurring variant of Sgs4-P1. (Siegmund, 1995.3.13, FlyBase, 1992-) 3' sequence (FlyBase, 1992-) 5'' sequence (FlyBase, 1992-) 3'' sequence (FlyBase, 1992-) Naturally occurring variant of Sgs4-P1; isolated from Samarkand strain. (Furia, 1991.7.24) Glycosylation deduced from aberrant migration in acrylamide gels and PAS-staining. (Korge, 1977)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE014298 AAF45860   AI294428   AL024484 CAA19673   AY060888   CO194635   J01127   J01129 AAA28886   J01130 AAA28887   J01133 AAA28888   J01134 AAA28889   J01135 AAA28890   J01136 AAA28891   J01138   M26024   V00205   V00206   V00207   V00208   V01496   X03536   X03537   X06565   X07321   X61942 CAA43948   X61943 CAA43949   X61944 CAA43950   Z32092   Z48721 CAA88613   Z48722 CAA88614
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	Q00725
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References protein binding site FBsf0000160425 X:3,143,843..3,143,860 bound_moiety=br-Z2-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2005, von Kalm et al., 1994) protein binding site FBsf0000160426 X:3,143,816..3,143,831 bound_moiety=br-Z3-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2005, von Kalm et al., 1994) protein binding site FBsf0000160427 X:3,144,007..3,144,026 bound_moiety=br-Z3-XP evidence=experimental (von Kalm et al., 1994, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000160428 X:3,143,510..3,143,546 bound_moiety=br-Z2-XP evidence=experimental (von Kalm et al., 1994, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000160429 X:3,143,421..3,143,439 evidence=experimental bound_moiety=br-Z3-XP bound_moiety=br-Z1-XP (Bergman et al., 2005, von Kalm et al., 1994) protein binding site FBsf0000160430 X:3,143,525..3,143,546 bound_moiety=br-Z1-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2005, von Kalm et al., 1994) protein binding site FBsf0000160431 X:3,143,954..3,143,968 bound_moiety=br-Z3-XP evidence=experimental (von Kalm et al., 1994, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000160432 X:3,143,585..3,143,604 bound_moiety=br-Z2-XP evidence=experimental bound_moiety=br-Z3-XP (Bergman et al., 2005, von Kalm et al., 1994) protein binding site FBsf0000160433 X:3,143,726..3,143,742 bound_moiety=br-Z3-XP bound_moiety=br-Z4-XP evidence=experimental (von Kalm et al., 1994, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000160434 X:3,143,661..3,143,692 bound_moiety=br-Z2-XP bound_moiety=br-Z1-XP bound_moiety=br-Z4-XP bound_moiety=br-Z3-XP evidence=experimental (von Kalm et al., 1994, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000160435 X:3,143,605..3,143,630 evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2005, Hofmann and Lehmann, 1998) protein binding site FBsf0000160436 X:3,143,607..3,143,623 bound_moiety=br-Z3-XP bound_moiety=br-Z2-XP evidence=experimental (von Kalm et al., 1994, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000160437 X:3,144,096..3,144,114 bound_moiety=br-Z3-XP evidence=experimental (von Kalm et al., 1994, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000160438 X:3,143,792..3,143,831 bound_moiety=br-Z1-XP bound_moiety=br-Z4-XP evidence=experimental (von Kalm et al., 1994, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000160439 X:3,143,388..3,143,400 bound_moiety=br-Z1-XP evidence=experimental (von Kalm et al., 1994, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000160440 X:3,143,321..3,143,344 bound_moiety=br-Z3-XP bound_moiety=br-Z2-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2005, von Kalm et al., 1994) protein binding site FBsf0000160441 X:3,143,792..3,143,806 evidence=experimental bound_moiety=br-Z2-XP (Bergman et al., 2005, von Kalm et al., 1994) protein binding site FBsf0000160442 X:3,143,407..3,143,439 bound_moiety=br-Z2-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2005, von Kalm et al., 1994) protein binding site FBsf0000160443 X:3,143,510..3,143,529 bound_moiety=br-Z3-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2005, von Kalm et al., 1994) protein binding site FBsf0000160444 X:3,143,473..3,143,492 bound_moiety=br-Z1-XP evidence=experimental bound_moiety=br-Z2-XP (Bergman et al., 2005, von Kalm et al., 1994) regulatory region FBsf0000435353 X:3,143,634..3,143,860 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Jongens et al., 1988, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435576 X:3,143,566..3,143,860 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Jongens et al., 1988, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435633 X:3,143,565..3,143,983 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Jongens et al., 1988, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435960 X:3,143,529..3,144,151 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Hofmann and Lehmann, 1998, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436699 X:3,143,565..3,143,694 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Jongens et al., 1988, Halfon, 2012.6.19)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	EPD - Eukarytoic Promoter Database, an annotated collection of POL II promoters • 07019
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference wandering third instar larval stage   organism   (FlyBase, 1992-)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
dissected tissue Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference wandering third instar larval stage   embryonic/larval salivary gland   (Beckendorf and Kafatos, 1976)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Relative to one another, expression of Sgs6+P is observed first, Sgs3-XP, Sgs4+P, Sgs5-XP next (106-120 hours after hatching) and Sgs1-XP last. (Beckendorf and Kafatos, 1976)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{Sgs-GAL4.H} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage   salivary gland   (Santel et al., 1998, Mukherjee et al., 2000) embryonic/larval salivary gland   (Mukherjee et al., 2000)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval salivary gland. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.325 Larval Midgut    28.2 Larval Hindgut    4.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3 Larval Fat Body    1067.9 Larval Salivary Gland    10141.3 Larval Trachea    7.75 Larval Carcass    3.65 Adult Head    0.6 Adult Eye    3.125 Adult Brain    0.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.7 Adult Crop    1.6 Adult Midgut    1.6 Adult Hindgut    0.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.5 Adult Fat Body    8.1 Adult Salivary Gland    13.2 Adult Heart    1 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1 Adult Ovary    0.5 Adult Testis    1.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.5 Adult Carcass    0.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.325 Larval Midgut    28.2 Larval Hindgut    4.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3 Larval Fat Body  (1067.9) Larval Salivary Gland  (10141.3) Larval Trachea    7.75 Larval Carcass    3.65 Adult Head    0.6 Adult Eye    3.125 Adult Brain    0.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.7 Adult Crop    1.6 Adult Midgut    1.6 Adult Hindgut    0.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.5 Adult Fat Body    8.1 Adult Salivary Gland    13.2 Adult Heart    1 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1 Adult Ovary    0.5 Adult Testis    1.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.5 Adult Carcass    0.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.325 Larval Midgut    28.2 Larval Hindgut    4.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3 Larval Fat Body  1067.9 Larval Salivary Gland  (10141.3) Larval Trachea    7.75 Larval Carcass    3.65 Adult Head    0.6 Adult Eye    3.125 Adult Brain    0.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.7 Adult Crop    1.6 Adult Midgut    1.6 Adult Hindgut    0.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.5 Adult Fat Body    8.1 Adult Salivary Gland    13.2 Adult Heart    1 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1 Adult Ovary    0.5 Adult Testis    1.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.5 Adult Carcass    0.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.325 Larval Midgut    28.2 Larval Hindgut    4.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3 Larval Fat Body    1067.9 Larval Salivary Gland    10141.3 Larval Trachea    7.75 Larval Carcass    3.65 Adult Head    0.6 Adult Eye    3.125 Adult Brain    0.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.7 Adult Crop    1.6 Adult Midgut    1.6 Adult Hindgut    0.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.5 Adult Fat Body    8.1 Adult Salivary Gland    13.2 Adult Heart    1 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1 Adult Ovary    0.5 Adult Testis    1.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.5 Adult Carcass    0.9 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.325 Larval Midgut    28.2 Larval Hindgut    4.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3 Larval Fat Body    1067.9 Larval Salivary Gland    10141.3 Larval Trachea    7.75 Larval Carcass    3.65 Adult Head    0.6 Adult Eye    3.125 Adult Brain    0.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.7 Adult Crop    1.6 Adult Midgut    1.6 Adult Hindgut    0.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.5 Adult Fat Body    8.1 Adult Salivary Gland    13.2 Adult Heart    1 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1 Adult Ovary    0.5 Adult Testis    1.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.5 Adult Carcass    0.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.325 Larval Midgut    28.2 Larval Hindgut    4.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3 Larval Fat Body  (1067.9) Larval Salivary Gland  (10141.3) Larval Trachea    7.75 Larval Carcass    3.65 Adult Head    0.6 Adult Eye    3.125 Adult Brain    0.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.7 Adult Crop    1.6 Adult Midgut    1.6 Adult Hindgut    0.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.5 Adult Fat Body    8.1 Adult Salivary Gland    13.2 Adult Heart    1 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1 Adult Ovary    0.5 Adult Testis    1.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.5 Adult Carcass    0.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.325 Larval Midgut    28.2 Larval Hindgut    4.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3 Larval Fat Body  1067.9 Larval Salivary Gland  (10141.3) Larval Trachea    7.75 Larval Carcass    3.65 Adult Head    0.6 Adult Eye    3.125 Adult Brain    0.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.7 Adult Crop    1.6 Adult Midgut    1.6 Adult Hindgut    0.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.5 Adult Fat Body    8.1 Adult Salivary Gland    13.2 Adult Heart    1 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1 Adult Ovary    0.5 Adult Testis    1.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.5 Adult Carcass    0.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.325 Larval Midgut    28.2 Larval Hindgut    4.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3 Larval Fat Body    1067.9 Larval Salivary Gland    10141.3 Larval Trachea    7.75 Larval Carcass    3.65 Adult Head    0.6 Adult Eye    3.125 Adult Brain    0.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.7 Adult Crop    1.6 Adult Midgut    1.6 Adult Hindgut    0.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.5 Adult Fat Body    8.1 Adult Salivary Gland    13.2 Adult Heart    1 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1 Adult Ovary    0.5 Adult Testis    1.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.5 Adult Carcass    0.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    0.6   NA  Eye    3.125   NA  Brain    0.6   1.325  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    0.7   NA  Crop    1.6   28.2  Midgut    1.6   4.8  Hindgut    0.7   3  Malpighian Tubules    3.5   no informative data  Fat Body    8.1   10141.3  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    1   7.75  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.5   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1   NA  Ovary    0.5   NA  Testis    1.5   NA  Male Accessory Gland    2.5   3.65  Carcass    0.9 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    6335 central nervous system, larvae L3    3223 central nervous system, pupae P8    49 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    1 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    57 head, mated 1-day male    1 head, mated 4-day male    2 head, mated 20-day male    21 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    273318 salivary gland, white prepupae    4061 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1509 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    9 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    103 fat body, white prepupae    26 fat body, pupae P8    20 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1304 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    72 ovary, virgin 4-day female    8 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    112 Expression Level Scale  High   Very high   Extremely high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (6335) central nervous system, larvae L3  (3223) central nervous system, pupae P8  (49) head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    1 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female  (57) head, mated 1-day male    1 head, mated 4-day male    2 head, mated 20-day male    21 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering  (273318) salivary gland, white prepupae  (4061) digestive system, larvae L3 wandering  (1509) digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    9 fat body, larvae L3 wandering  (103) fat body, white prepupae  26 fat body, pupae P8    20 carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (1304) carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult  (72) ovary, virgin 4-day female    8 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male  (112) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (6335) central nervous system, larvae L3  (3223) central nervous system, pupae P8    49 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    1 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    57 head, mated 1-day male    1 head, mated 4-day male    2 head, mated 20-day male    21 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering  (273318) salivary gland, white prepupae  (4061) digestive system, larvae L3 wandering  (1509) digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    9 fat body, larvae L3 wandering  103 fat body, white prepupae    26 fat body, pupae P8    20 carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (1304) carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    72 ovary, virgin 4-day female    8 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male  (112) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    6335 central nervous system, larvae L3    3223 central nervous system, pupae P8    49 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    1 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    57 head, mated 1-day male    1 head, mated 4-day male    2 head, mated 20-day male    21 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    273318 salivary gland, white prepupae    4061 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1509 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    9 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    103 fat body, white prepupae    26 fat body, pupae P8    20 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1304 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    72 ovary, virgin 4-day female    8 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    112 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    6335 central nervous system, larvae L3    3223 central nervous system, pupae P8    49 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    1 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    57 head, mated 1-day male    1 head, mated 4-day male    2 head, mated 20-day male    21 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    273318 salivary gland, white prepupae    4061 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1509 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    9 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    103 fat body, white prepupae    26 fat body, pupae P8    20 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1304 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    72 ovary, virgin 4-day female    8 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    112 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (6335) central nervous system, larvae L3  (3223) central nervous system, pupae P8  (49) head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    1 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female  (57) head, mated 1-day male    1 head, mated 4-day male    2 head, mated 20-day male    21 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering  (273318) salivary gland, white prepupae  (4061) digestive system, larvae L3 wandering  (1509) digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    9 fat body, larvae L3 wandering  (103) fat body, white prepupae  26 fat body, pupae P8    20 carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (1304) carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult  (72) ovary, virgin 4-day female    8 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male  (112) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (6335) central nervous system, larvae L3  (3223) central nervous system, pupae P8    49 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    1 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    57 head, mated 1-day male    1 head, mated 4-day male    2 head, mated 20-day male    21 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering  (273318) salivary gland, white prepupae  (4061) digestive system, larvae L3 wandering  (1509) digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    9 fat body, larvae L3 wandering  103 fat body, white prepupae    26 fat body, pupae P8    20 carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (1304) carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    72 ovary, virgin 4-day female    8 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male  112 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    6335 central nervous system, larvae L3    3223 central nervous system, pupae P8    49 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    1 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    57 head, mated 1-day male    1 head, mated 4-day male    2 head, mated 20-day male    21 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    273318 salivary gland, white prepupae    4061 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1509 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    9 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    103 fat body, white prepupae    26 fat body, pupae P8    20 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1304 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    72 ovary, virgin 4-day female    8 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    112 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of extremely high expression to a trough of no expression detected. Peak expression observed during late larval stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    0 embryo 18-20hr    0 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    859 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1572 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1283 white prepupae new    28 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    0 pupae 2d postWPP    0 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    0 embryo 18-20hr    0 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (859) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1572) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (1283) white prepupae new  (28) white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    0 pupae 2d postWPP    0 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    0 embryo 18-20hr    0 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (859) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1572) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (1283) white prepupae new    28 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    0 pupae 2d postWPP    0 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    0 embryo 18-20hr    0 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    859 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1572 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1283 white prepupae new    28 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    0 pupae 2d postWPP    0 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    0 embryo 18-20hr    0 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    859 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1572 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1283 white prepupae new    28 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    0 pupae 2d postWPP    0 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    0 embryo 18-20hr    0 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (859) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1572) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (1283) white prepupae new  28 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    0 pupae 2d postWPP    0 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    0 embryo 18-20hr    0 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (859) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1572) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (1283) white prepupae new    28 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    0 pupae 2d postWPP    0 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    0 embryo 18-20hr    0 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    859 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1572 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1283 white prepupae new    28 white prepupae 12hr    0 white prepupae 24hr    0 pupae 2d postWPP    0 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    9089 cold shock, 4-day adult    18176 heat shock, 4-day adult    728 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1532 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5267 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    509 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7121 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    703 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    10172 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2030 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    760 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1006 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2021 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11536 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1135 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    260 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (9089) cold shock, 4-day adult  (18176) heat shock, 4-day adult  (728) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (1532) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (5267) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (509) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (7121) Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (703) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (10172) Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (2030) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (760) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (1006) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (2021) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (11536) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (1135) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (260) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (9089) cold shock, 4-day adult  (18176) heat shock, 4-day adult  (728) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (1532) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (5267) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (509) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (7121) Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (703) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (10172) Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (2030) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (760) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (1006) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (2021) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (11536) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (1135) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (260) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    9089 cold shock, 4-day adult    18176 heat shock, 4-day adult    728 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1532 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5267 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    509 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7121 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    703 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    10172 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2030 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    760 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1006 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2021 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11536 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1135 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    260 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    9089 cold shock, 4-day adult    18176 heat shock, 4-day adult    728 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1532 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5267 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    509 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7121 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    703 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    10172 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2030 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    760 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1006 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2021 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11536 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1135 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    260 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (9089) cold shock, 4-day adult  (18176) heat shock, 4-day adult  (728) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (1532) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (5267) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (509) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (7121) Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (703) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (10172) Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (2030) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (760) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (1006) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (2021) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (11536) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (1135) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (260) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (9089) cold shock, 4-day adult  (18176) heat shock, 4-day adult  (728) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (1532) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (5267) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (509) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (7121) Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (703) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (10172) Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (2030) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (760) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (1006) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (2021) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (11536) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (1135) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (260) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    9089 cold shock, 4-day adult    18176 heat shock, 4-day adult    728 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1532 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5267 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    509 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7121 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    703 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    10172 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2030 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    760 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1006 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2021 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11536 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1135 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    260 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • GM04578 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003374 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG12181-RB
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Other Phenotypes Allele electrophoretic variant Sgs4a Sgs4b Sgs4c Sgs4d Sgs4e Phenotype manifest in Allele
Classical Alleles ( 21 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Sgs4 Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Sgs4Ber amorphic allele - genetic evidence natural population 0 Yes Sgs4H amorphic allele - genetic evidence natural population 0 Yes Sgs4K amorphic allele - genetic evidence natural population 0 Yes Sgs4S amorphic allele - genetic evidence natural population 0 Yes Sgs4+ 0 -- Sgs4a natural population 0 Yes Sgs4b 0 Yes Sgs4c 0 Yes Sgs4Ch natural population 0 Yes Sgs4CS natural population 0 Yes Sgs4D323 natural population 0 Yes Sgs4d 0 Yes Sgs4Dk natural population 0 Yes Sgs4e natural population 0 -- Sgs4h 0 -- Sgs4Ka 0 Yes Sgs4OR natural population 0 Yes Sgs4ORL natural population 0 Yes Sgs4S8D hobo activity 0 Yes Sgs4Samarkand natural population 0 Yes Sgs4U natural population 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 20 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Sgs4 Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Sgs41.9 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes Sgs42.5 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes Sgs43.8 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes Sgs44x.-567-151.cPa in vitro construct 0 Yes Sgs4A.cKa in vitro construct 0 Yes Sgs4C.cKa in vitro construct 0 Yes Sgs4cSa in vitro construct 0 Yes Sgs4E.cKa in vitro construct 0 Yes Sgs4EI4T in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct 0 Yes Sgs4EI:IIhsp in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes Sgs4EIhsp in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes Sgs4EII4T in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct 0 Yes Sgs4EIIhsp in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes Sgs4F.cKa in vitro construct 0 Yes Sgs4G.cKa in vitro construct 0 Yes Sgs4S3T2 in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes Sgs4T:MH2\v-mil,T:MH2\v-myc in vitro construct 0 Yes Sgs4WT in vitro construct - genomic fragment in vitro construct 0 Yes Sgs4ΔEI in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes Sgs4ΔEIEII4T in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct - deletion in vitro construct 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(1)N-64j15 (McGinnis et al., 1980) Df(1)N-69h9 (McGinnis et al., 1980) Df(1)N-FM21 (McGinnis et al., 1980) Df(1)w-NFM20 (McGinnis et al., 1980)
Duplicated in	Dp(1;2;Y)w+ (McGinnis et al., 1980)
Not disrupted in	Df(1)dm75e19 (McGinnis et al., 1980, McNabb and Beckendorf, 1986) Df(1)N-54l9 (McGinnis et al., 1980, McNabb and Beckendorf, 1986)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data reporter construct P{OPSL} No P{PASL} No P{Sgs4-445/Adh} No P{Sgs4-498/Adh} No P{Sgs4-567/Adh} No P{Sgs4-838/Adh} No P{Sgs4-838/AdhB*} No P{Sgs4-838/AdhC*} No P{Sgs4-838/AdhE*} No P{Sgs4-Adh.1} No P{Sgs4-Adh.2} No P{Sgs4-Adh.3} No P{Sgs4-Adh.4} No P{Sgs4-Adh.5} No P{Sgs4-Adh.6} No P{Sgs4-Adh.7} No P{Sgs4-Adh.8} No P{Sgs4-Adh.9} No P{SMOP} No P{SMUL} No P{tGARP-1} No P{tGARP-212} No P{tGARP-301} No heat-shock construct P{E(I/II)hsp} NA P{E(I)hsp} NA P{E(II)hsp} NA GAL4 construct P{Sgs-GAL4.H} No characterization construct P{A7-1} NA P{N4-11-3} NA P{S3T2} NA P{SG.1-hsp70-lacZ} NA P{SG.2-hsp70-lacZ} NA P{SG.3-hsp70-lacZ} NA P{SG.4-hsp70-lacZ} NA P{Sgs4-1.9} NA P{Sgs4-2.5} NA P{Sgs4-3.8'} NA P{Sgs4-3.8} NA P{Sgs4.4x.-567-151} NA P{Sgs4.A} NA P{Sgs4.C} NA P{Sgs-4.E(II)4T} NA P{Sgs4.E} NA P{Sgs4.F} NA P{Sgs4.G} NA P{Sgs-4.ΔE(I)4T} NA P{Sgs-4.ΔE(I)/E(II)4T} NA P{Sgs4+6.3} NA P{ΔE(I)} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions H{101}Sgs4S8D NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 3 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 terms )
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 3 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
structural molecule activity traceable author statement (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
puparial adhesion traceable author statement (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
extracellular region non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1996.6.1) traceable author statement (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Sgs4 allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003374
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (0) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Dipteran inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Insect inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Arthropod inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Metazoa inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (None identified)
No orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (None identified)
No non-Drosophilid orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (None identified)
No non-Dipteran orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (None identified)
No non-Insect Arthropod orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (None identified)
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Human Orthologs (0)
Gene OMIM HGNC
AAA Orthologs (2) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF25272 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK11347
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 0 )
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR34B12 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 2 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GM04578
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones	EC38935
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003374 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 31304
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
	Downregulation of fkh at puparium formation is necessary for proper repression of Sgs4. (Renault et al., 2001) The transcriptional switch between Pig1 and Sgs4 depends on a SEBP1 binding site within a shared enhancer region. (Hofmann and Lehmann, 1998) fkh protein binds to multiple sites in the Sgs4 upstream region. The fkh binding sites of the EcRU (ecdysone response unit) are necessary for full transcriptional induction of Sgs4. (Lehmann and Korge, 1996) Sgs4 RNA expression has been analysed in wild-type and br mutant larvae. (D'Avino et al., 1995) Gene expression is unaffected in Eip74EFneo24 mutants but transcripts are moderately affected in Eip74EFDL-1 mutants. (Fletcher and Thummel, 1995) The EcR product binds to two sites, element I and element II, in the regulatory region of Sgs4. Element II appears to be of no importance for the expression of Sgs4 while element I is an ecdysone response element necessary, but not sufficient, for Sgs4 induction. Close to elements I and II lie two binding sites for the Sebp3 product. One of these sites is necessary but not sufficient for Sgs4 expression. This hormone response unit also contains binding sites for the fkh product, which coincide with binding sites for Broad Complex products. (Lehmann and Korge, 1995) Cis-acting sequences required for dosage compensation are located within 840bp upstream of the gene. Germline transformation studies and a comparison of sequences from several dosage compensation genes reveal sequences within the coding region and/or downstream of the gene also play a role in dosage compensation. (Hofmann et al., 1994) There is evidence that the br-C directly mediates the ecdysone-dependent transcriptional switch, that leads to Sgs4 induction and Pig1 repression, by binding to sites within element III. (von Kalm et al., 1994) Ecdysteroid-regulated gene. (Andres et al., 1993) An investigation of the relationship between transcription, puffing and hormone regulation of intermoult puff was analysed using ecd1 mutant embryos: Sgs4 expression is severely reduced by shifting ecd1 embryos to the restrictive temperature, 30oC. Normal sized 3C11-12 puff can be formed in conditions in which Sgs4 transcription is severely reduced. (Furia et al., 1992) Sgs4 encodes a salivary-gland glue protein. One of a group of seven genes encoding proteins that are components of the secretion produced by the larval salivary glands during the third instar for the purpose of attaching the larva to the substrate preparative to pupariation. (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) Sgs3, Sgs4 and Sgs5 transcript levels were very low in hemizygous brrbp-1 larvae and pupae. (Guay and Guild, 1991) Adh reporter gene constructs demonstrate Sgs4 is expressed throughout development in the proventriculus and salivary glands. This expression pattern differs form other glue genes and is unique to Sgs4. (Barnett et al., 1990) The region of Sgs4 needed for developmentally regulated puffing is defined as a 2.5kb 5' upstream fragment. Puff formation requires only the 840bp promoter region, formation of cytologically visible puff depends on the strength of the promoter. Puff formation therefore depends on a cis-acting element which functions through interaction with trans-acting factors. (Korge et al., 1990) Sgs4 transcription in cultured wild-type and su(f)8 third instar larval salivary glands in the presence and absence of 20-OH-ecdysone has been studied. (Hansson and Lambertsson, 1989) Three elements necessary for tissue specificity within an Sgs4 enhancer have been identified using Sgs4-Adh regulatory fusion constructs. (Jongens et al., 1988) Pig1 and Sgs4 are located within the 79kb intron of the dnc gene. Pig1 is transcribed from the opposite strand to dnc and Sgs4. (Chen et al., 1987) The ability of a cis-acting upstream regulatory region of Sgs4 to act as an enhancer has been studied in Adh-Sgs4 regulatory fusion genes. (Shermoen et al., 1987) Germline transformation studies demonstrate that most sequences required for normal Sgs4 expression lie in a 1.9kb region. (McNabb and Beckendorf, 1986) Cessation of Sgs4 transcription and puff regression are ecdysterone-dependent. (Crowley and Meyerowitz, 1984) Initiation of transcription of Sgs4, but not of intermolt-puff formation seems to depend on the presence of suitable levels of ecdysterone in early third instar larvae. (Hansson and Lambertsson, 1983) A complex of five tissue-specific DNAase-hypersensitive sites is present 5' to Sgs4 in chromatin from third instar salivary glands. (Shermoen and Beckendorf, 1982) Synthesis of the glue proteins begins about 106 h after egg deposition and ceases abruptly within a few minutes after the glue is released 14 h later. (Beckendorf and Kafatos, 1976) Initiation of transcription of Sgs4 is coincident with the formation of the intermolt puffs in early to mid third instar. (Korge, 1975)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_057369 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_476717 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAA28886 AAA28887 AAA28888 AAA28889 AAA28890 AAA28891 AAF45860 AI294428 AL024484 CAA19673 CAA43948 CAA43949 CAA43950 CAA88613 CAA88614 J01127 J01129 J01130 J01133 J01134 J01135 J01136 J01138 M24138 M26024 V00205 V00206 V00207 V00208 V01496 X03536 X03537 X06565 X07321 X61942 X61943 X61944 Z32092 Z48721 Z48722 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 31304 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • Q00725
Other Crossreferences
	EPD - Eukarytoic Promoter Database, an annotated collection of POL II promoters • 07019 BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • GM04578
Linkouts
	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003374 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003374 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003374 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG12181-RB FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0003374 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 31304 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0003374 REDfly - A database of transcriptional regulatory elements. • FBgn0003374
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 11 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG12181 (Whitfield, 2000.9.7, Tang et al., 2010) EG:96G10.6   Sgs (Prohaska et al., 2003, Lehmann et al., 1999) Sgs-4 (Kotlikova et al., 2006, Gibson et al., 2005, Bialecki et al., 2002, Duncan, 2002, Sass et al., 2002, Pile and Wassarman, 2000, Lam and Thummel, 2000, Kaplan et al., 2000, Bhadra et al., 2000, White et al., 1999, Hofmann, 1994.2.17, Furia, 1991.7.24, Roth et al., 1999, Reim et al., 1999, King-Jones et al., 1999, Bhadra et al., 1999, King-Jones et al., 1999, Hall and Thummel, 1998, Lehmann et al., 1998, Hamann and Stratling, 1998, Fisk and Thummel, 1998, Huang et al., 1998, Sorensen et al., 1997, Lehmann, 1996, Fletcher and Thummel, 1995, Lehmann and Korge, 1995, D'Avino et al., 1995, Fletcher and Thummel, 1995, Baker et al., 1994, von Kalm et al., 1994, Nighorn et al., 1994, Hofmann et al., 1994, Mougneau et al., 1993, Furia et al., 1993, King-Jones et al., 1993, Andres and Thummel, 1992, Furia et al., 1992, Davis and Dauwalder, 1991, Georgel et al., 1991, Granadino et al., 1991, Tartof and Henikoff, 1991, Henikoff, 1990, Furia et al., 1990, Galceran et al., 1990, Amati and Gasser, 1990, Granadino et al., 1990, Barnett et al., 1990, Korge et al., 1990, Hansson and Lambertsson, 1989, Jongens et al., 1988, Chen et al., 1987, Shermoen et al., 1987, Streck et al., 1986, McNabb and Beckendorf, 1986, Kokoza et al., 1982, McGinnis et al., 1980, Muskavitch and Hogness, 1980, Eissenberg et al., 2005, McBrayer et al., 2007, Kozlova et al., 2009, Bernardo et al., 2009, Beckstead et al., 2005, Ou et al., 2011) sgs4 (Li and White, 2003, Maschat et al., 1990, Artavanis-Tsakonas et al., 1983, Legube et al., 2006, Jensen et al., 2007, Deng et al., 2009) sgs-4 (Abrams et al., 2003, Hofmann, 1988.2.9, Hofmann, 1988.2.9, Yin et al., 2007) SGS-4 (Hoshizaki et al., 1987) Sgs4 (Ruaud et al., 2010, Furuhashi et al., 2006, Zraly et al., 2006, Reiter et al., 2007, Kuan et al., 2009, Zhai et al., 2012, Weake et al., 2008, Walser et al., 2006, Costantino et al., 2008, Sun and Song, 2006, Cao et al., 2007, Jin et al., 2009, Liu and Lehmann, 2008, Hofmann et al., 2010, Tang et al., 2010, Ryuda et al., 2008) SGS4 (Ritter and Beckstead, 2010)
Name Synonym	Salivary gland secretion 4 (Ryuda et al., 2008) salivary gland secretion protein 4 (Siegmund, 1995.3.13, Siegmund, 1995.3.13, Hofmann, 1994.2.17)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 148 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 148 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 108 ) Review  ( 13 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 4 ) Abstract  ( 10 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 7 ) Book  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 ) Thesis  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 2 )
	Zhai et al., 2012, PLoS Genet. 8(3): e1002582 Antagonistic regulation of apoptosis and differentiation by the cut transcription factor represents a tumor-suppressing mechanism in Drosophila. [FBrf0217859] Ou et al., 2011, PLoS Biol. 9(9): e1001160 Nuclear Receptor DHR4 Controls the Timing of Steroid Hormone Pulses During Drosophila Development. [FBrf0216318] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...