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Gene Dmel\shi

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\shi	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	shibire	Annotation symbol	CG18102
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0003392
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	30 publicly available
Also Known As	Dyn, Ddyn
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	X	Recombination map	1-51.5
Cytogenetic map	13F18-13F18	Sequence location	X:15,786,149..15,800,285 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene shibire is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\shi (CG18102, FBgn0003392). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: actin binding; microtubule binding. There is experimental evidence for 34 unique biological process terms, many of which group under: anatomical structure development; biological regulation; cellular component organization or biogenesis; localization; multicellular organismal reproductive process; regulation of biological process; synaptic transmission; learning; mating; memory; associative learning; cellular process involved in reproduction. 75 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system subdivision; external compound sense organ; adult segment; peripheral nervous system; nervous system; female germline cyst; antennal segment; late extended germ band embryo; adult mesothoracic segment; muscle founder cell. It has 12 annotated transcripts and 12 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Dynamin; Dynamin GTPase effector; Dynamin central domain; Dynamin, GTPase domain; Dynamin, GTPase region, conserved site; GTPase effector domain, GED; Pleckstrin homology domain; Pleckstrin homology-type. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout embryogenesis, at stages throughout the larval period, at stages throughout the pupal period, in stages of adults of both sexes. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Two or more Affy2 ProbeSets identify exons of this gene. This is a summary of the tissue expression peaks exhibited in at least one of these ProbeSets. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult eye, adult central nervous system. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, larval central nervous system, larval midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval Malpighian tubules, adult heart, adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult testis, larval carcass. Gene sequence location is X:15786149..15800285.
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	shi: shibire (C. A. Poodry) The shibire locus is characterized by its temperature-sensitive alleles, which are reversibly paralyzed by exposure to 29, but are essentially normal at 22 (Grigliatti et al.). Exposure of developing animals to the restrictive temperature for pulses of one to several hours leads to a plethora of developmental defects, which are specific for the stage treated (Poodry, Hall, and Suzuki, 1973, Dev. Biol. 66: 442-56) (see following table). Short exposures to restrictive temperatures at the time of delamination of the neuroblasts from the neurogenic ectoderm leads to excess neurogenesis at the expense of epidermogenesis, as seen in the neurogenic mutants (Poodry, 1990, Dev. Biol., in press). Differentiation of myoblasts and neuroblasts is inhibited in shi1 embryonic cells in vitro at 30 (Buzin, Dewhurst, and Seecof, 1978, Dev. Biol. 66: 442-56). Embryonic neurons cultured at 30 show reduced adhesion to the substrate, retardation of growth cone formation and suppressed neuron formation and elongation; reversed by shift to permissive temperature (Kim and Wu, 1987, J. Neurosci. 7: 3245-55). Lethal embryos disorganized by the restrictive temperature can be cultured in vivo as tumorous masses (Poodry). Eye-antenna discs can also be cultured as tumorous masses for several transfer generations (Williams, 1981, DIS 56: 158-61). Primary in vivo culture of cut leg imaginal discs leads to an exceptionally high rate of transdetermination (Poodry). temperature- sensitive period developmental phenotype _________________________________________________________________________ 1.5-3 hr loss of pole cells 3-4 hr fusion of cell membranes leading to syncytium 5-12 hr disorganized proliferation of cells leading to transplantable tumorous masses late third instar stubby legs; joints missing; 12 hr heat pulse clipped wings 48 hr before pupariation eye scar (loss of pigment cells and cone cells). The later the heat pulse, the more anterior the position of the scar on eye pupariation to pupation animals die and fail to undergo pupation 14-24 hr after pupariation supernumerary microchaetae on head and thorax; the temperature sensitive period for each bristle site precedes the final cell division of bristle precursor; loss of macrochaetae on head and thorax. Disruption of giant- fiber pathway development (Hummon and Costello, 1987, J. Neurosci. 7: 3633-38). Reduced numbers of dorsal-longitudinal flight muscles (Hummon and Costello, 1988, Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 197: 383-93) 24-36 hr after pupariation loss of head and thoracic micro- chaetae; supernumerary abdominal macrochaetae and microchaetae 28-42 hr after pupariation loss of abdominal macrochaetae and microchaetae 32-48 hr after pupariation loss of abdominal microchaetae 48 hr after pupariation scimitar-shaped bristles adult eggs fail to mature The temperature-sensitive alleles differ in the severity of their paralysis, recovery period, the restrictive temperature for developmental effects, and in their viability as hemizygotes. They are all hypomorphs, being recessive and having a more extreme expression in combination with a deficiency than when homozygous. A wild-type paternal gene can rescue an egg from a homozygous mother only after 10 hr of development (Swanson and Poodry, 1976, Dev. Biol. 48: 205-11). Of the developmental effects tested, all are autonomous in mosaics generated by somatic recombination or in gynandromorphs (Poodry). The developmental effects on bristles is not enhanced or suppressed by the presence of temperature-sensitive alleles of N; shi is epistatic to N (Lujan, 1981, DIS 56: 86). Physiological studies of shi have revealed the loss of transients in electroretinograms (Kelley and Suzuki, 1974, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 71: 4906-09) and failure of neuromuscular transmission at the restrictive temperature (Ikeda, Ozawa, and Hagiwara, 1976, Nature 259: 489-91; Siddiqi and Benzer, 1976, Proc Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 73: 3253-57), though axonal conduction and muscle membrane excitability are unimpaired (Ikeda et al.). Exposure of shi1 adults to 29 causes the depletion of synaptic vesicles from the neuromuscular synapse and their replacement with large cisternae (Poodry and Edgar, 1979, J. Cell Biol. 81: 520-27; Koenig, Saito, and Ikeda, 1983, J. Cell Biol. 96: 1517-22). Accumulation of acetyl choline is reduced at the restrictive temperature, not because of reduced synthesis but because of an abnormally rapid rate of release from the cell, which is not reduced by inhibiting tetrodotoxin-sensitive nerve activity (Wu, Merneking, and Barker, 1983, J. Neurochem. 40: 1386-96). Endocytosis is reversibly blocked in the nerve terminus (Kosaka and Ikeda, 1983, Neurobiol. 14: 207-25; Masur, Kim, and Wu, 1990, J. Neurosci.) and may limit the ability of nerves to regenerate synaptic vesicles. Neuromuscular transmission temperature is sensitive in mosaics in which the neuron but not the muscle is mutant, but not in the converse situation (Koenig and Ikeda, 1983, J. Neurobiol. 14: 411-19). During recovery from exposure to 30 shits1 muscles display a multimodal distribution of miniature excitatory junction potential amplitudes never seen in wild type (Ikeda and Koenig, 1987, J. Physiol. 406: 215-23). Further, as the temperature is increased the amplitude of evoked excitatory junction potentials decreases; the numbers of vesicles per synapse displays a correlated decrease (Koenig, Kosaka, and Ikeda, 1989, J. Neurosci. 9: 1937-42). Endocytosis is also blocked in the garland cells (Kosaka and Ikeda, 1983, J. Cell Biol. 97: 499-507). Vesiculation of cell membranes results in fusion of blastoderm cells (Swanson and Poodry, 1981, Dev. Biol. 84: 465-70) and vesiculation of surface membranes accompanies secretion of protein epicuticle (Poodry).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2011_10
FB2012_01	Sequence features BKN21495 HFA20373 References Séjourné et al., 2011, Nat. Neurosci. 14(7): 903--910 Kopyl et al., 2010, Genetika, Moscow 46(3): 314--320 Kohatsu et al., 2011, Neuron 69(3): 498--508 Negreiros et al., 2010, genesis 48(1): 31--43 Sorribes et al., 2011, PLoS Comput. Biol. 7(6): e1002075 Yang et al., 2011, Neuron 72(2): 285--299 Iyengar et al., 2011, Genes Brain Behav. 10(8): 883--900 Stümpges and Behr, 2011, FEBS Lett. 585(20): 3316--3321 Houalla et al., 2010, Mol. Brain 3: 19 Sartain et al., 2011, Development 138(8): 1619--1629 Oshima and Fehon, 2011, J. Cell Sci. 124(16): 2861--2871
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 13F18-13F18   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}Gβ13FEP1071 and P{EP}EP1458&P{EP}EP1522
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 13F-14A   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Vieira et al., 1997) 14A-14A   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Chen et al., 1991) 13F16-14A1   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (van der Bliek and Meyerowitz, 1991) 14A-14A   Determined by comparing Celera genomic sequence with sequence from BDGP BAC and P1 clones.   (Lloyd et al., 2000)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	1-51.5
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\shi for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	EST data suggest additional 5' exon(s)
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) shi-RA FBtr0074121  NM_206745   4151   830 shi-RB FBtr0074118  NM_167471   4341   830 shi-RC FBtr0074119  NM_080114   4039   830 shi-RE FBtr0074122  NM_206744   4169   830 shi-RF FBtr0074123  NM_206743   3208   877 shi-RG FBtr0074124  NM_206742   3190   877 shi-RH FBtr0111036  NM_001042813   4469   830 shi-RI FBtr0111037  NM_001042814   4441   830 shi-RJ FBtr0301594  NM_001169295   3380   877 shi-RK FBtr0301595  NM_167470   3275   877 shi-RL FBtr0301596  NM_001169296   3096   883 shi-RM FBtr0301597  NM_001169297   4359   836
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	5.1, 4.3 (northern blot) (Chen et al., 1991) 3.3 (unknown) (van der Bliek and Meyerowitz, 1991)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein shi-PA   FBpp0089278   93.0   830   8.43     NP_996468   AAS65368 shi-PB   FBpp0073928   93.0   830   8.43     NP_727911   AAN09372 shi-PC   FBpp0073929   93.0   830   8.43     NP_524853   AAN09373 shi-PE   FBpp0089279   93.0   830   8.43     NP_996467   AAS65369 shi-PF   FBpp0089280   97.8   877   8.58     NP_996466   AAS65366 shi-PG   FBpp0089277   97.8   877   8.58     NP_996465   AAS65367 shi-PH   FBpp0110335   93.0   830   8.43     NP_001036278   ABI30983 shi-PI   FBpp0110336   93.0   830   8.43     NP_001036279   ABI30984 shi-PJ   FBpp0290809   97.8   877   8.58     NP_001162766   ACZ95301 shi-PK   FBpp0290810   97.8   877   8.58     NP_727910   AAF48536 shi-PL   FBpp0290811   98.5   883   8.43     NP_001162767   ACZ95302 shi-PM   FBpp0290812   93.7   836   8.26     NP_001162768   ACZ95303
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	883, 836 (aa); 100 (kD observed) (Chen et al., 1991) 883, 836 (aa) (van der Bliek and Meyerowitz, 1991)
Comments	A form of shi protein which localizes predominantly to the head. This form includes 6aa inserted at the first alternate splice site (Alt1) that are absent in the "body" form of the protein. (Chen et al., 1992) A form of shi protein which localizes predominantly to the body. This form lacks 6aa inserted at the first alternate splice site (Alt1) that are present in the "head" form of the protein. An antibody to shi was generated in mouse that reacts primarily with the body form of shi protein. This difference supports the existence of different brain and body forms but the differential immunoreactivity could not be completely explained by the splicing variants identified here. (Chen et al., 1992) alternative 3' exon (FlyBase, 1992-)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Dynamin central domain (IPR000375) Dynamin, GTPase domain (IPR001401) Pleckstrin homology domain (IPR001849) Dynamin GTPase effector (IPR003130) Pleckstrin homology-type (IPR011993) Dynamin, GTPase region, conserved site (IPR019762) GTPase effector domain, GED (IPR020850) Dynamin (IPR022812)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA201861   AA391283   AA392502   AA439158   AA440687   AA441390   AA536548   AA539087   AA540767   AA567538   AA567819   AA567871   AA567893   AA567999   AA695980   AA698037   AA698264   AA698397   AA698860   AA816864   AA816993   AA817179   AA942486   AA950062   AE014298 AAF48536   AE014298 AAN09372   AE014298 AAN09373   AE014298 AAS65366   AE014298 AAS65367   AE014298 AAS65368   AE014298 AAS65369   AE014298 ABI30983   AE014298 ABI30984   AE014298 ACZ95301   AE014298 ACZ95302   AE014298 ACZ95303   AI064010   AI064323   AI106970   AI107090   AI134542   AI135484   AI238778   AI296508   AI386696   AI386705   AI387661   AI388240   AI389064   AI389253   AI403639   AI404152   AI404851   AI404979   AI455176   AI455614   AI455728   AI511632   AI514576   AI515159   AI515480   AI518924   AI519353   AI532694   AI534162   AJ570252   AJ570253   AJ570254   AJ570255   AJ570256   AJ570257   AJ570258   AJ570259   AJ570261   AJ570262   AJ570263   AJ570264   AJ570265   AJ570266   AJ570267   AJ570268   AJ570269   AJ570270   AJ570272   AJ570273   AJ570274   AJ570275   AJ570276   AJ570277   AW942600   AX201628   AX201629   AX201630   BF498588   BG633254   BG640831   BH614902   BI162153   BI162154   BI228779   BI241586   BI243413   BI358688   BI365577   BI635241   BI635653   BI636981   BI639997   BT010049 AAQ22518   BT125924   BX060644   CO177215   CO177713   CO181185   CO187592   CO188039   CO188075   CO188081   CO196536   CO196646   CO262808   CO263544   CO264498   CO266743   CO267555   CO268654   CO268999   CO269417   CO276224   CO276322   CO276668   CO276790   CO277896   CO278353   CO278628   CO280523   CO282088   CO285091   CO285366   CO287213   CO289041   CO290200   CO291034   CO291180   CO291213   CO295209   CO295217   CO295335   CO296940   CO297870   CO298162   CO299651   CO299854   CO301592   CO301818   CO301911   CO302129   CO302926   CO308526   CO310937   CO310985   CO311202   CO312020   CO312332   CO312621   CO314308   CO316079   CO317368   CO319204   CO319212   CO323856   CO324166   CO326710   CO326760   CO327478   CO330368   CO330566   CO332502   CO333533   CO334076   CO334099   CO340148   CO340939   CO341002   CO341670   CO344748   DN153899   DN153960   DN154154   EC056888   EC056994   EC057698   EC057726   EC058245   EC059155   EC062050   EC062247   EC064743   EC065051   EC065458   EC068015   EC068337   EC070586   EC071268   EC072621   EC073158   EC078109   EC078895   EC082029   EC082226   EC082246   EC083067   EC086162   EC088622   EC195251   EC195643   EC196496   EC196731   EC196912   EC198727   EC199850   EC200055   EC201627   EC201817   EC202475   EC204580   EC204591   EC204855   EC205132   EC205453   EC208585   EC211084   EC213000   EC214520   EC214820   EC215064   EC215258   EC215987   EC217622   EC218530   EC219468   EC222836   EC223737   EC225171   EC225436   EC231029   EC231036   EC231123   EC231353   EC232028   EC232441   EC232778   EC234520   EC239084   EC239892   EC242238   EC243168   EC243409   EC244577   EC244969   EC245267   EC245719   EC247541   EC248089   EC248828   EC250069   EC250416   EC250828   EC252124   EC252817   EC253431   EC255805   EC256962   EC258302   EL882290   EL882525   EL882654   EL882655   EV588024   X59435 CAA42061   X59436 CAA42062   X59448 CAA42067   X59449 CAA42068
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P27619
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | late   peripheral nervous system   (Chen et al., 1992) subesophageal ganglion   (Chen et al., 1992) sense organ   (Chen et al., 1992) embryonic stage | early     (Chen et al., 1992) larval stage   imaginal disc   (Chen et al., 1992) adult stage   retina   (Chen et al., 1992) adult brain   (Chen et al., 1992) adult stage & oogenesis   nurse cell   (Chen et al., 1992) spermatogenesis & adult stage   testis   (Chen et al., 1992) spermatogonium   (Chen et al., 1992) dissected tissue Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage     (Chen et al., 1991) adult stage   adult head   (Chen et al., 1991)   (Chen et al., 1991) in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | late   antenno-maxillary complex   (Chen et al., 1992) central nervous system   (Chen et al., 1992) supraesophageal ganglion   (Chen et al., 1992) ventral nerve cord   (Chen et al., 1992) larval stage   central nervous system   (Chen et al., 1992) adult stage   optic lobe   (Chen et al., 1992) thoracico-abdominal ganglion   (Chen et al., 1992) adult stage | male   male accessory gland   (Chen et al., 1992) adult stage & oogenesis   oocyte   (Chen et al., 1992) ovary   (Chen et al., 1992) spermatogenesis & adult stage   spermatocyte   (Chen et al., 1992)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage   neuromuscular junction | restricted   (Verstreken et al., 2009) Comment:Presynaptic mass spectroscopy Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male   spermatozoon   (Wasbrough et al., 2010) day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood   adult heart   (Cammarato et al., 2011) western blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage   head   (Kelly and Phillips, 2005)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0003392    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0003392 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout embryogenesis, at stages throughout the larval period, at stages throughout the pupal period, in stages of adults of both sexes. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0003392 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2479 embryo 02-04hr    2573 embryo 04-06hr    1368 embryo 06-08hr    1382 embryo 08-10hr    1881 embryo 10-12hr    1802 embryo 12-14hr    2445 embryo 14-16hr    3062 embryo 16-18hr    3666 embryo 18-20hr    3429 embryo 20-22hr    3178 embryo 22-24hr    3778 larva L1    2784 larva L2    1557 larva L3 12hr old    1053 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1051 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1735 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2190 white prepupae new    2415 white prepupae 12hr    2187 white prepupae 24hr    2657 pupae 2d postWPP    2944 pupae 3d postWPP    3778 pupae 4d postWPP    2936 adult male 01day    3352 adult male 05day    3439 adult male 30day    3149 adult female 01day    2264 adult female 05day    2319 adult female 30day    2127 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (2479) embryo 02-04hr  (2573) embryo 04-06hr  (1368) embryo 06-08hr  (1382) embryo 08-10hr  (1881) embryo 10-12hr  (1802) embryo 12-14hr  (2445) embryo 14-16hr  (3062) embryo 16-18hr  (3666) embryo 18-20hr  (3429) embryo 20-22hr  (3178) embryo 22-24hr  (3778) larva L1  (2784) larva L2  (1557) larva L3 12hr old  (1053) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (1051) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1735) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (2190) white prepupae new  (2415) white prepupae 12hr  (2187) white prepupae 24hr  (2657) pupae 2d postWPP  (2944) pupae 3d postWPP  (3778) pupae 4d postWPP  (2936) adult male 01day  (3352) adult male 05day  (3439) adult male 30day  (3149) adult female 01day  (2264) adult female 05day  (2319) adult female 30day  (2127) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (2479) embryo 02-04hr  (2573) embryo 04-06hr    1368 embryo 06-08hr    1382 embryo 08-10hr  (1881) embryo 10-12hr  (1802) embryo 12-14hr  (2445) embryo 14-16hr  (3062) embryo 16-18hr  (3666) embryo 18-20hr  (3429) embryo 20-22hr  (3178) embryo 22-24hr  (3778) larva L1  (2784) larva L2  (1557) larva L3 12hr old    1053 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1051 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1735) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (2190) white prepupae new  (2415) white prepupae 12hr  (2187) white prepupae 24hr  (2657) pupae 2d postWPP  (2944) pupae 3d postWPP  (3778) pupae 4d postWPP  (2936) adult male 01day  (3352) adult male 05day  (3439) adult male 30day  (3149) adult female 01day  (2264) adult female 05day  (2319) adult female 30day  (2127) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2479 embryo 02-04hr    2573 embryo 04-06hr    1368 embryo 06-08hr    1382 embryo 08-10hr    1881 embryo 10-12hr    1802 embryo 12-14hr    2445 embryo 14-16hr    3062 embryo 16-18hr    3666 embryo 18-20hr    3429 embryo 20-22hr    3178 embryo 22-24hr    3778 larva L1    2784 larva L2    1557 larva L3 12hr old    1053 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1051 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1735 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2190 white prepupae new    2415 white prepupae 12hr    2187 white prepupae 24hr    2657 pupae 2d postWPP    2944 pupae 3d postWPP    3778 pupae 4d postWPP    2936 adult male 01day    3352 adult male 05day    3439 adult male 30day    3149 adult female 01day    2264 adult female 05day    2319 adult female 30day    2127 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2479 embryo 02-04hr    2573 embryo 04-06hr    1368 embryo 06-08hr    1382 embryo 08-10hr    1881 embryo 10-12hr    1802 embryo 12-14hr    2445 embryo 14-16hr    3062 embryo 16-18hr    3666 embryo 18-20hr    3429 embryo 20-22hr    3178 embryo 22-24hr    3778 larva L1    2784 larva L2    1557 larva L3 12hr old    1053 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1051 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1735 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2190 white prepupae new    2415 white prepupae 12hr    2187 white prepupae 24hr    2657 pupae 2d postWPP    2944 pupae 3d postWPP    3778 pupae 4d postWPP    2936 adult male 01day    3352 adult male 05day    3439 adult male 30day    3149 adult female 01day    2264 adult female 05day    2319 adult female 30day    2127 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0003392 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2479 embryo 02-04hr    2573 embryo 04-06hr    1368 embryo 06-08hr    1382 embryo 08-10hr    1881 embryo 10-12hr    1802 embryo 12-14hr    2445 embryo 14-16hr    3062 embryo 16-18hr    3666 embryo 18-20hr    3429 embryo 20-22hr    3178 embryo 22-24hr    3778 larva L1    2784 larva L2    1557 larva L3 12hr old    1053 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1051 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1735 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2190 white prepupae new    2415 white prepupae 12hr    2187 white prepupae 24hr    2657 pupae 2d postWPP    2944 pupae 3d postWPP    3778 pupae 4d postWPP    2936 adult male 01day    3352 adult male 05day    3439 adult male 30day    3149 adult female 01day    2264 adult female 05day    2319 adult female 30day    2127 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (2479) embryo 02-04hr  (2573) embryo 04-06hr  (1368) embryo 06-08hr  (1382) embryo 08-10hr  (1881) embryo 10-12hr  (1802) embryo 12-14hr  (2445) embryo 14-16hr  (3062) embryo 16-18hr  (3666) embryo 18-20hr  (3429) embryo 20-22hr  (3178) embryo 22-24hr  (3778) larva L1  (2784) larva L2  (1557) larva L3 12hr old  (1053) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (1051) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1735) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (2190) white prepupae new  (2415) white prepupae 12hr  (2187) white prepupae 24hr  (2657) pupae 2d postWPP  (2944) pupae 3d postWPP  (3778) pupae 4d postWPP  (2936) adult male 01day  (3352) adult male 05day  (3439) adult male 30day  (3149) adult female 01day  (2264) adult female 05day  (2319) adult female 30day  (2127) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (2479) embryo 02-04hr  (2573) embryo 04-06hr    1368 embryo 06-08hr    1382 embryo 08-10hr  1881 embryo 10-12hr  1802 embryo 12-14hr  2445 embryo 14-16hr  (3062) embryo 16-18hr  (3666) embryo 18-20hr  (3429) embryo 20-22hr  (3178) embryo 22-24hr  (3778) larva L1  (2784) larva L2  1557 larva L3 12hr old    1053 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1051 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  1735 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  2190 white prepupae new  2415 white prepupae 12hr  2187 white prepupae 24hr  (2657) pupae 2d postWPP  (2944) pupae 3d postWPP  (3778) pupae 4d postWPP  (2936) adult male 01day  (3352) adult male 05day  (3439) adult male 30day  (3149) adult female 01day  2264 adult female 05day  2319 adult female 30day  2127 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2479 embryo 02-04hr    2573 embryo 04-06hr    1368 embryo 06-08hr    1382 embryo 08-10hr    1881 embryo 10-12hr    1802 embryo 12-14hr    2445 embryo 14-16hr    3062 embryo 16-18hr    3666 embryo 18-20hr    3429 embryo 20-22hr    3178 embryo 22-24hr    3778 larva L1    2784 larva L2    1557 larva L3 12hr old    1053 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1051 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1735 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2190 white prepupae new    2415 white prepupae 12hr    2187 white prepupae 24hr    2657 pupae 2d postWPP    2944 pupae 3d postWPP    3778 pupae 4d postWPP    2936 adult male 01day    3352 adult male 05day    3439 adult male 30day    3149 adult female 01day    2264 adult female 05day    2319 adult female 30day    2127 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2479 embryo 02-04hr    2573 embryo 04-06hr    1368 embryo 06-08hr    1382 embryo 08-10hr    1881 embryo 10-12hr    1802 embryo 12-14hr    2445 embryo 14-16hr    3062 embryo 16-18hr    3666 embryo 18-20hr    3429 embryo 20-22hr    3178 embryo 22-24hr    3778 larva L1    2784 larva L2    1557 larva L3 12hr old    1053 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1051 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1735 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2190 white prepupae new    2415 white prepupae 12hr    2187 white prepupae 24hr    2657 pupae 2d postWPP    2944 pupae 3d postWPP    3778 pupae 4d postWPP    2936 adult male 01day    3352 adult male 05day    3439 adult male 30day    3149 adult female 01day    2264 adult female 05day    2319 adult female 30day    2127 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0003392    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0003392 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Two or more Affy2 ProbeSets identify exons of this gene. This is a summary of the tissue expression peaks exhibited in at least one of these ProbeSets. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult eye, adult central nervous system. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, larval central nervous system, larval midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval Malpighian tubules, adult heart, adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult testis, larval carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System no informative data Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut no informative data Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye no informative data Adult Brain no informative data Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion no informative data Adult Crop no informative data Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body no informative data Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart no informative data Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult Ovary no informative data Adult Testis no informative data Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003392 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG18102-RB;CG18102-RC;CG18102-RD
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal, with Scer\GAL4c673a, Scer\GAL4fru-GAL4 shi1.Scer\UAS lethal, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu shiGD1529 lethal, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR shiGD1529 lethal, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 shiGD1529 lethal | adult stage | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU shits.Scer\UAS.cUa lethal | embryonic stage | heat sensitive shi1 lethal | first instar larval stage | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Cha.7.4 shi1.Scer\UAS lethal | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 shits.Scer\UAS.cUa lethal | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B shi1.Scer\UAS lethal | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4repo shi1.Scer\UAS lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 shiGD1529 lethal | pupal stage | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF shi1.Scer\UAS lethal | recessive shi12.12B shi16 shi20 shiEM7 shiEM14 shiEM18 shiEM27 shiEM33 shiEM35 shiEM38 shiEM42 shiEM44 shiEM53 shiEM55 shiEM56 shiEM59 shiEM61 shiEM62 shiEM65 shiEM66 lethal | recessive | heat sensitive shi1 Other Phenotypes Allele behavior defective | heat sensitive shi1.Scer\UAS behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL430Y shi1.Scer\UAS behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4c309 shi1.Scer\UAS behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4c747 shi1.Scer\UAS behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4c758 shi1.Scer\UAS behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL shi1.Scer\UAS behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4l.Trh.PK shi1.Scer\UAS behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.247 shi1.Scer\UAS behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4ple.PF shi1.Scer\UAS behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4sca-C253 shi1.Scer\UAS behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Tdc2.PC shi1.Scer\UAS cell growth defective, with Scer\GAL4Scer\FRT.Rnor\CD2.Act5C shiK44A.Scer\UAS chemical resistant | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4npf.1 shi1.Scer\UAS chemical resistant | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4NPFR1.6.6 shi1.Scer\UAS circadian behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4P2.4.Pdf shi1.Scer\UAS courtship behavior defective, with Scer\GAL47B shi1.Scer\UAS courtship behavior defective, with Scer\GAL429B shi1.Scer\UAS courtship behavior defective, with Scer\GAL440B shi1.Scer\UAS courtship behavior defective, with Scer\GAL453B shi1.Scer\UAS courtship behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4c309 shi1.Scer\UAS courtship behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4c747 shi1.Scer\UAS courtship behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4fru.P1 shi1.Scer\UAS courtship behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4fru shi1.Scer\UAS courtship behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4MJ146 shi1.Scer\UAS courtship behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4MJ286 shi1.Scer\UAS courtship behavior defective | heat sensitive shi1.Scer\UAS courtship behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4c309 shi1.Scer\UAS courtship behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4fru-GAL4 shits.Scer\UAS courtship behavior defective | male, with Scer\GAL4fru-GAL4 shi1.Scer\UAS developmental rate defective | heat sensitive shi7 feeding behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4npf.1 shi1.Scer\UAS gravitaxis behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4Aph-4-c232 shi1.Scer\UAS gravitaxis behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4c105 shi1.Scer\UAS gravitaxis behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4esg-c287a shi1.Scer\UAS gravitaxis behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4yuri-c263 shi1.Scer\UAS heat stress response defective shi1 hypoactive, with Scer\GAL47B shi1.Scer\UAS hypoactive, with Scer\GAL440B shi1.Scer\UAS hypoactive, with Scer\GAL453B shi1.Scer\UAS hypoactive, with Scer\GAL4c309 shi1.Scer\UAS hypoactive, with Scer\GAL4MJ286 shi1.Scer\UAS increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4LL54 shi1.Scer\UAS increased cell death | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4bbg-C96 shiK44A.Scer\UAS increased cell death | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 shiK44A.Scer\UAS increased cell size, with Scer\GAL4Scer\FRT.Rnor\CD2.Act5C shiK44A.Scer\UAS learning defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4c309 shi1.Scer\UAS learning defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4c747 shi1.Scer\UAS learning defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4OK301 shi1.Scer\UAS learning defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4osk-norka shi1.Scer\UAS learning defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4ple.PF shi1.Scer\UAS learning defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4rafl-1 shi1.Scer\UAS learning defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Tab2-201Y shi1.Scer\UAS learning defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Tdc2.PC shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor behavior defective, with Scer\GAL429B shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor behavior defective, with Scer\GAL440B shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor behavior defective, with Scer\GAL453B shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4c309 shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4c747 shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4MJ146 shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4MJ286 shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor behavior defective | adult stage | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4c739 shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor behavior defective | adult stage | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4NP2320 shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor behavior defective | adult stage | male | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4c584 shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL430Y shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4238Y shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4CG14200-NP1086, Scer\GAL4NP6298 shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4ninaE.PT shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4NP0723 shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4NP5214 shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4NP6298 shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4rafl-1 shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor behavior defective | larval stage | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Cha.7.4 shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor rhythm defective, with Scer\GAL42-21 shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor rhythm defective, with Scer\GAL42-21, Scer\GAL48-113 shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor rhythm defective, with Scer\GAL42-21, Scer\GAL4clh8 shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor rhythm defective, with Scer\GAL45-40 shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor rhythm defective, with Scer\GAL4109(2)80 shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor rhythm defective, with Scer\GAL4clh8 shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor rhythm defective, with Scer\GAL4NP2225 shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor rhythm defective, with Scer\GAL4NP5092 shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor rhythm defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4alrm.PD, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor rhythm defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Eaat1.PR, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B shi1.Scer\UAS locomotor rhythm defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B shi1.Scer\UAS mating defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4c309 shi1.Scer\UAS mating defective | male | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL455B shi1.Scer\UAS memory defective, with Scer\GAL45015 shi1.Scer\UAS memory defective, with Scer\GAL4c316 shi1.Scer\UAS memory defective, with Scer\GAL4Hn.493 shi1.Scer\UAS memory defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4c305a shi1.Scer\UAS memory defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4c316 shi1.Scer\UAS memory defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4c320 shi1.Scer\UAS memory defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4c739 shi1.Scer\UAS memory defective | heat sensitive shi1.Scer\UAS memory defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL41471 shi1.Scer\UAS memory defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4c309 shi1.Scer\UAS memory defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4c316 shi1.Scer\UAS memory defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4c739 shi1.Scer\UAS memory defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4c747 shi1.Scer\UAS memory defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4GMR71D08 shi1.Scer\UAS memory defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.247 shi1.Scer\UAS memory defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Mz160 shi1.Scer\UAS memory defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Mz717 shi1.Scer\UAS memory defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4NP2492 shi1.Scer\UAS memory defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4OK301 shi1.Scer\UAS memory defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4per.PK shi1.Scer\UAS memory defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4ple.PF shi1.Scer\UAS memory defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Tab2-201Y shi1.Scer\UAS memory defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Tdc2.PC shi1.Scer\UAS memory defective | temperature conditional, with Scer\GAL4c316 shi1.Scer\UAS memory defective | temperature conditional, with Scer\GAL4Mz717 shi1.Scer\UAS neoplasia | recessive shiFL54 neuroanatomy defective shi1 neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4ey-OK107 shi1.Scer\UAS shiK44A.Scer\UAS neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PP shi1.Scer\UAS neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU shi1.Scer\UAS neuroanatomy defective | heat sensitive shi1 neuroanatomy defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4A307 shi1.Scer\UAS neuroanatomy defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4alrm.PD shi1.Scer\UAS neuroanatomy defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4c17 shi1.Scer\UAS neuroanatomy defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4ey.3.5.Exel shits.Scer\UAS.cUa neuroanatomy defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Mhc.PW shi1.Scer\UAS neuroanatomy defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Mz709 shi1.Scer\UAS neuroanatomy defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU shits.Scer\UAS.cUa neuroanatomy defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4repo shi1.Scer\UAS neuroanatomy defective | larval stage | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4109(2)80 shi1.Scer\UAS neuroanatomy defective | prepupal stage | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4repo shi1.Scer\UAS neurophysiology defective shi1 neurophysiology defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4c309 shi1.Scer\UAS neurophysiology defective | adult stage | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF shi1.Scer\UAS neurophysiology defective | heat sensitive shi1 shi2 shiCK2 shiunspecified neurophysiology defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4A307 shi1.Scer\UAS neurophysiology defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4c17 shi1.Scer\UAS neurophysiology defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4c305a shi1.Scer\UAS neurophysiology defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4c309 shi1.Scer\UAS neurophysiology defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4c739 shi1.Scer\UAS neurophysiology defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4c747 shi1.Scer\UAS neurophysiology defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Ccap.PP shi1.Scer\UAS neurophysiology defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Cha.7.4 shi1.Scer\UAS neurophysiology defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4osk-norka shi1.Scer\UAS neurophysiology defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4rafl-1 shi1.Scer\UAS neurophysiology defective | recessive | heat sensitive shi1 neurophysiology defective | temperature conditional shi1 neurophysiology defective | wandering third instar larval stage | heat sensitive shi2 optomotor response defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL421D shi1.Scer\UAS optomotor response defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL421D, Scer\GAL4CG14200-NP1086 shi1.Scer\UAS optomotor response defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4NP0723 shi1.Scer\UAS optomotor response defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4NP5214 shi1.Scer\UAS optomotor response defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4NP6298 shi1.Scer\UAS paralytic shi1 shi21 paralytic | adult stage | heat sensitive shi2 shi7 paralytic | adult stage | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Cha.7.4 shi1.Scer\UAS paralytic | dominant | heat sensitive shiEM14 shiEM33 shiEM38 shiEM55 shiEM65 shiEM66 paralytic | heat sensitive shi1 shi2 shi4 shi5 shi6 shiBS1 shiCK2 shiSHY shitp1 shitp2 shitp4 shitp9 shitp12 paralytic | heat sensitive, with Ncra\QFET49 shits1.Ncra\QUAS paralytic | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Cha.7.4 shi1.Scer\UAS paralytic | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 shi1.Scer\UAS paralytic | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4MJ85b shi1.Scer\UAS paralytic | larval stage | heat sensitive shi7 paralytic | recessive | heat sensitive shi1 shi2 shi4 shi21 paralytic | temperature conditional shi2 shi4 phototaxis behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4ort.C1-4 shi1.Scer\UAS phototaxis behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4Rh3.PP, Scer\GAL4Rh4.PT shi1.Scer\UAS smell perception defective, with Ncra\QFGH146.PP shits1.-FRT.Ncra\QUAS shits1.Ncra\QUAS smell perception defective, with Ncra\QFGH146.PP, Ncra\QSScer\UAS.cPa, Scer\GAL4acj6-PG63 shits1.Ncra\QUAS smell perception defective, with Scer\GAL4Gr21a.9.323 shi1.Scer\UAS smell perception defective, with Scer\GAL4OK301 shi1.Scer\UAS smell perception defective | heat sensitive shi1.Scer\UAS smell perception defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4238Y shi1.Scer\UAS smell perception defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4c309 shi1.Scer\UAS smell perception defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4c747 shi1.Scer\UAS smell perception defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4ey-OK107 shi1.Scer\UAS smell perception defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4OK66 shi1.Scer\UAS smell perception defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Tab2-201Y shi1.Scer\UAS smell perception defective | temperature conditional, with Scer\GAL42-72 shi1.Scer\UAS smell perception defective | temperature conditional, with Scer\GAL44-67 shi1.Scer\UAS smell perception defective | temperature conditional, with Scer\GAL45-98 shi1.Scer\UAS smell perception defective | temperature conditional, with Scer\GAL45-120 shi1.Scer\UAS song defective, with Scer\GAL4c309 shi1.Scer\UAS song defective, with Scer\GAL4c747 shi1.Scer\UAS song defective, with Scer\GAL4MJ286 shi1.Scer\UAS song defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4c309 shi1.Scer\UAS taste perception defective, with Scer\GAL4NP1017 shi1.Scer\UAS taste perception defective, with Scer\GAL4Orco.7.087 shi1.Scer\UAS uncoordinated shi2 uncoordinated, with Scer\GAL47B shi1.Scer\UAS uncoordinated, with Scer\GAL453B shi1.Scer\UAS uncoordinated, with Scer\GAL4MJ286 shi1.Scer\UAS visible shi1 shiK39A.GMR visible | heat sensitive shi2 visible | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Ccap.PP shi1.Scer\UAS visible | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E shits.Scer\UAS.cUa visible | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF shi1.Scer\UAS visible | recessive | heat sensitive shi1 visual behavior defective | adult stage | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF shi1.Scer\UAS visual behavior defective | heat sensitive shi1 visual behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL421D shi1.Scer\UAS visual behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4c305a shi1.Scer\UAS visual behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4c309 shi1.Scer\UAS visual behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4c739 shi1.Scer\UAS visual behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL shi1.Scer\UAS visual behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Foma1 shi1.Scer\UAS visual behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4ninaE.PT shi1.Scer\UAS visual behavior defective | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4ple.PF shi1.Scer\UAS visual behavior defective | larval stage | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF shi1.Scer\UAS wild-type shit15 Phenotype manifest in Allele abdominal 2 ventral longitudinal muscle & larval somatic muscle | conditional ts shi2 abdominal ventral acute muscle 1 founder cell, with Scer\GAL4wg.PM shiK44A.Scer\UAS abdominal ventral acute muscle 2 founder cell, with Scer\GAL4twi.PB shiK44A.Scer\UAS abdominal ventral acute muscle 3 founder cell, with Scer\GAL4twi.PB shiK44A.Scer\UAS actin filament & spermatid | conditional ts shi1 shi2 adherens junction & wing cell | pupal stage | conditional - heat sensitive shi1 adult brain, with Scer\GAL4c309 shi1.Scer\UAS adult brain | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4repo shi1.Scer\UAS adult fat body, with Scer\GAL4c673a shi1.Scer\UAS adult fat body, with Scer\GAL4fru-GAL4 shi1.Scer\UAS adult mushroom body, with Scer\GAL4c309 shi1.Scer\UAS adult mushroom body, with Scer\GAL4c747 shi1.Scer\UAS axon & eye photoreceptor cell | conditional - heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF shi1.Scer\UAS border follicle cell, with Scer\GAL4slbo.2.6 shiK44A.Scer\UAS bouton | heat sensitive shi1 brain, with Scer\GAL4ey-OK107 shi1.Scer\UAS shiK44A.Scer\UAS class IV dendritic arborizing neuron | larval stage | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4109(2)80 shi1.Scer\UAS coated pit shi1 CSD interneuron, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PP shi1.Scer\UAS cuticle, with Scer\GAL4unspecified shiK44A.Scer\UAS dendrite | larval stage | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4109(2)80 shi1.Scer\UAS dendritic arborizing neuron | larval stage | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4109(2)80 shi1.Scer\UAS denticle belt, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E shiK44A.Scer\UAS denticle belt, with Scer\GAL4prd.RG1 shiK44A.Scer\UAS denticle row 1, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E shiK44A.Scer\UAS denticle row 2, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E shiK44A.Scer\UAS denticle row 3, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E shiK44A.Scer\UAS dorsal appendage | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4EQ1 shi1.Scer\UAS dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4repo shi1.Scer\UAS dorsal row | heat sensitive shi2 dorsal trunk primordium | heat sensitive shi1 embryonic/first instar larval cuticle, with Scer\GAL4e22c shiK44A.Scer\UAS embryonic/first instar larval cuticle, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E shiK44A.Scer\UAS embryonic/first instar larval cuticle, with Scer\GAL4prd.RG1 shiK44A.Scer\UAS embryonic/first instar larval cuticle, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 shiK44A.Scer\UAS embryonic/larval glial cell, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU shi1.Scer\UAS embryonic/larval neuroblast, with Scer\GAL4Cg.PA shiK44A.Scer\UAS embryonic/larval neuroblast, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU shiK44A.Scer\UAS embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction shi1 embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | heat sensitive shi1 embryonic/larval tracheal system | embryonic stage 17 | temperature conditional shi1 embryonic/larval tracheal system | heat sensitive shi2 embryonic epidermis | heat sensitive shi1 embryonic ventral epidermis | heat sensitive shi1 endosome shi1 endosome | heat sensitive shi1 ensheathing neuropil associated glial cell | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Mz709 shits.Scer\UAS.cUa epidermis shi1 shi3 eye shiK39A.GMR eye | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF shi1.Scer\UAS eye disc | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4ey.3.5.Exel shits.Scer\UAS.cUa eye disc | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU shits.Scer\UAS.cUa eye photoreceptor cell shi1 eye photoreceptor cell & ommatidium | ectopic shiK44A.ro eye photoreceptor cell | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF shi1.Scer\UAS fat body, with Scer\GAL4Scer\FRT.Rnor\CD2.Act5C shiK44A.Scer\UAS garland cell & endosome shi1 giant fiber neuron | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4A307 shi1.Scer\UAS giant fiber neuron | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4c17 shi1.Scer\UAS glial cell & brain & pupa | conditional ts, with Scer\GAL4repo shi1.Scer\UAS glial cell | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4alrm.PD shi1.Scer\UAS glial cell | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4ey.3.5.Exel shits.Scer\UAS.cUa glial cell | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Mz709 shi1.Scer\UAS glial cell | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU shits.Scer\UAS.cUa imaginal disc, with Scer\GAL4Scer\FRT.Rnor\CD2.Act5C shiK44A.Scer\UAS lamina | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF shi1.Scer\UAS larval somatic muscle & presynaptic membrane | conditional ts shi2 larval somatic muscle & synaptic vesicle | conditional ts shi2 macrochaeta & thorax | conditional ts shi2 macrochaeta | ectopic shi2 medulla | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF shi1.Scer\UAS mesothoracic extracoxal depressor muscle 66 | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4A307 shi1.Scer\UAS mesothoracic metatarsus | heat sensitive shi1 mesothoracic tarsal bristle shi1 mesothoracic tarsal bristle | heat sensitive shi1 mesothoracic tergum & macrochaeta shi2 metatarsus shi1 microchaeta shi1 shi3 microchaeta & thorax | conditional ts shi2 mouthpart | embryonic stage | heat sensitive shi1 mushroom body | P-stage | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4repo shi1.Scer\UAS mushroom body dorsal paired medial cell, with Scer\GAL4c316 shi1.Scer\UAS mushroom body dorsal paired medial cell, with Scer\GAL4Mz717 shi1.Scer\UAS mushroom body vertical lobe | P-stage | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4repo shi1.Scer\UAS neuromuscular junction | heat sensitive shi1 shi2 neuromuscular junction | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Mhc.PW shi1.Scer\UAS neuron | ectopic shi2 NMJ bouton | supernumerary | heat sensitive shi1 ommatidium shiK39A.GMR ommatidium | heat sensitive shi2 oocyte shi1 optic cartridge shiCK2 photoreceptor cell shiCK2 photoreceptor cell & synaptic vesicle shi1 photoreceptor cell R1, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF shi1.Scer\UAS photoreceptor cell R2, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF shi1.Scer\UAS photoreceptor cell R3, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF shi1.Scer\UAS photoreceptor cell R4, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF shi1.Scer\UAS photoreceptor cell R5, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF shi1.Scer\UAS photoreceptor cell R6, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF shi1.Scer\UAS polar follicle cell, with Scer\GAL4slbo.2.6 shiK44A.Scer\UAS presumptive embryonic/larval tracheal system, with Scer\GAL4unspecified shiK44A.Scer\UAS presumptive embryonic/larval tracheal system | heat sensitive shi1 presumptive embryonic salivary gland, with Scer\GAL4fkh.PH shiK44A.Scer\UAS presumptive embryonic salivary gland | heat sensitive shi2 primary pigment cell shi1 retina shi1 rhabdomere shi1 rhabdomere | heat sensitive shi1 rhabdomere R1, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF shi1.Scer\UAS rhabdomere R2, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF shi1.Scer\UAS rhabdomere R3, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF shi1.Scer\UAS rhabdomere R4, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF shi1.Scer\UAS rhabdomere R5, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF shi1.Scer\UAS rhabdomere R6, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF shi1.Scer\UAS secondary pigment cell, with Scer\GAL4LL54 shi1.Scer\UAS secondary pigment cell | ectopic shi1 sensillum basiconicum of antennal segment 3 shi2 sensillum coeloconicum of antennal segment 3 shi2 sensillum trichodeum of antennal segment 3 shi2 sensory mother cell shi2 sensory mother cell | ectopic shi2 somatic muscle shi1 synapse shi1 synapse | heat sensitive shi1 synapse | temperature conditional shi1 synaptic vesicle shi1 synaptic vesicle | heat sensitive shi1 syncytial blastoderm embryo shi1 tertiary pigment cell, with Scer\GAL4LL54 shi1.Scer\UAS tormogen cell shi2 trichogen cell shi2 ventral nerve cord commissure, with Scer\GAL4rho.PL shiK44A.Scer\UAS ventral nerve cord commissure, with Scer\GAL4sim.PS shiK44A.Scer\UAS ventral row | heat sensitive shi2 wing & macrochaeta shi2 wing | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Ccap.PP shi1.Scer\UAS wing cell | adult stage | heat sensitive shi1 wing cell | pupal stage | heat sensitive shi1 wing disc, with Scer\GAL4bbg-C96 shiK44A.Scer\UAS wing disc, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 shiK44A.Scer\UAS wing disc, with Scer\GAL4Scer\FRT.Rnor\CD2.Act5C shiK44A.Scer\UAS wing hair | supernumerary | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E shits.Scer\UAS.cUa wing margin, with Scer\GAL4bbg-C96 shiK44A.Scer\UAS wing margin, with Scer\GAL4C5 shiK44A.Scer\UAS wing margin bristle, with Scer\GAL4C5 shiK44A.Scer\UAS wing vein L3 shi1 wing vein L4 shi1 wing vein L5 shi1
Classical Alleles ( 58 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of shi Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion shi1 ethyl methanesulfonate 11 Yes shi2 ethyl methanesulfonate 2 Yes shiKG03690 P-element activity 2 -- shi10 gamma ray 0 -- shi11 gamma ray 0 -- shi12.12B loss of function allele X ray gamma ray 0 -- shi12 gamma ray 0 -- shi13 gamma ray 0 -- shi14 gamma ray 0 -- shi15 gamma ray 0 -- shi16 spontaneous gamma ray 0 Yes shi17 gamma ray 0 -- shi18 gamma ray 0 -- shi19 gamma ray 0 Yes shi20 gamma ray 0 Yes shi21 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate X ray 0 Yes shi22 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- shi3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- shi4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes shi5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- shi6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- shi7 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- shi8 gamma ray 0 -- shi9 gamma ray 0 -- shiBA1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- shiBS1 0 -- shiCK2 0 -- shiEM14 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- shiEM18 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes shiEM27 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- shiEM33 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes shiEM35 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes shiEM38 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- shiEM42 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes shiEM44 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- shiEM45 0 -- shiEM53 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- shiEM55 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- shiEM56 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes shiEM59 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- shiEM61 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- shiEM62 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- shiEM65 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- shiEM66 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes shiEM7 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- shiEP-866 0 Yes shiFL54 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes shiKVS ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes shiSHY ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes shiSK2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- shitp12 0 -- shitp1 0 -- shitp2 0 -- shitp4 0 -- shitp9 0 -- shiunspecified 0 -- shiVF3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- shiVS2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 17 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of shi Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion shiK44A.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 4 Yes shits1.Ncra\QUAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 4 Yes shiGD1529 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes shiK39A.GMR in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 2 Yes shiJF03133 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes shiKK101444 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes shits1.Scer\FRT.Ncra\QUAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes shi1.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes shiK44A.ro in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes shiScer\UAS.cSa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes shit15 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes shits.Scer\FRT.stop.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes shits.Scer\UAS.cUa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes shits.Scer\UAS FLPase 0 Yes shits1.-FRT.Ncra\QUAS FLPase 0 Yes shits1.Ecol\lexAop in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes shiWT.GMR in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Duplicated in	Dp(1;3)DC133 (Popodi et al., 2010-) Dp(1;4)r+l (Katzen, 1990, Rauskolb et al., 1993) Dp(1;Y)shi+1 (Poodry, 1980, Johnson et al., 2001, Katzen, 1990, Rauskolb et al., 1993, Katzen and Bishop, 1996) Dp(1;Y)shi+2 (Poodry, 1980, Poodry, 1980) Dp(1;Y)shi+3 (Poodry, 1980)
Disrupted in	Df(1)19 (Katzen, 1990, Rauskolb et al., 1993, Katzen and Bishop, 1996) Df(1)EM43 (Katzen, 1990) Df(1)sd72a (Johnson et al., 2001) Df(1)sd72b (Katzen, 1990, Chen et al., 1991, Rauskolb et al., 1993, Katzen and Bishop, 1996)
Not duplicated in	Dp(1;3)v+74c (Schalet, 1986) Dp(1;4)80e19a (Rauskolb et al., 1993) Dp(1;4)r+l (Schalet, 1986) Dp(1;4)r+m (Katzen, 1990, Rauskolb et al., 1993) Dp(1;4)r+s (Katzen, 1990, Rauskolb et al., 1993)
Not disrupted in	Dp(1;4)r+m (Katzen and Bishop, 1996) Dp(1;4)r+s (Katzen and Bishop, 1996)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD1529} NA P{KK101444} NA P{TRiP.JF03133} NA P{UAS(-FRT)shits} NA P{UAS-shi.K44A} NA P{UAS-shi.S} NA P{UAS-shi.ts.U} NA P{UAS-shits1.K} NA characterization construct P{GMR-shi} NA P{GMR-shiK39A} NA P{lexAop-shi.ts1} NA P{ro-shi.K44A} NA P{shit15} NA P{shi-GAL4.S} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions P{SUPor-P}shiKG03690 NA insertion of mobile activating element P{GSV1}tayEP-866 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 47 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 39 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
actin binding inferred from direct assay (Sisson et al., 2000) microtubule binding inferred from direct assay (Sisson et al., 2000)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
adherens junction maintenance inferred from mutant phenotype (Classen et al., 2005) border follicle cell migration inferred from mutant phenotype (Medioni and Noselli, 2005) cellularization inferred from mutant phenotype (Pelissier et al., 2003) compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death inferred from mutant phenotype (Peralta et al., 2009) conditioned taste aversion inferred from mutant phenotype (Honjo and Furukubo-Tokunaga, 2009) cytokinesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Kiger et al., 2003) endocytosis inferred from direct assay (Kazama et al., 2011) inferred from mutant phenotype (Cox et al., 2005, Windler and Bilder, 2010) epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system inferred from mutant phenotype (Dammai et al., 2003, Hsouna et al., 2010) extracellular matrix organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Behr et al., 2007) larval feeding behavior inferred from mutant phenotype (Wu et al., 2005) learning inferred from mutant phenotype (Honjo and Furukubo-Tokunaga, 2005) male courtship behavior inferred from mutant phenotype (Villella et al., 2005, Villella et al., 2005) male courtship behavior, veined wing extension inferred from mutant phenotype (Villella et al., 2005) male courtship behavior, veined wing generated song production inferred from mutant phenotype (Villella et al., 2005, Villella et al., 2005) memory inferred from mutant phenotype (Schwaerzel et al., 2003, Yu et al., 2005, Keene et al., 2006) morphogenesis of a polarized epithelium inferred from mutant phenotype (Classen et al., 2005) olfactory learning inferred from direct assay (Keene et al., 2004) open tracheal system development inferred from mutant phenotype (Dammai et al., 2003) positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway inferred from mutant phenotype (Windler and Bilder, 2010) proboscis extension reflex inferred from mutant phenotype (Ishimoto et al., 2005) regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization inferred from genetic interaction with jar (Rogat and Miller, 2002) regulation of actin filament-based process inferred from genetic interaction with jar (Rogat and Miller, 2002) regulation of growth inferred from mutant phenotype (Windler and Bilder, 2010) regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity inferred from mutant phenotype (Kawasaki et al., 2000) regulation of synapse structure and activity inferred from mutant phenotype (Dickman et al., 2006) regulation of tube architecture, open tracheal system inferred from mutant phenotype (Hsouna et al., 2010) response to heat inferred from mutant phenotype (Gong and Golic, 2006) salivary gland morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Pirraglia et al., 2006) short-term memory inferred from mutant phenotype (Honjo and Furukubo-Tokunaga, 2009) sperm individualization inferred from genetic interaction with jar (Rogat and Miller, 2002) inferred from mutant phenotype (Ghosh-Roy et al., 2005) synaptic vesicle budding from presynaptic membrane inferred from mutant phenotype (Macleod et al., 2004) synaptic vesicle endocytosis inferred from mutant phenotype (Fabian-Fine et al., 2003, Narayanan et al., 2005, Kuromi et al., 2010) synaptic vesicle membrane organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Kawasaki et al., 2000) synaptic vesicle transport inferred from direct assay (Dason et al., 2010)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (Fergestad and Broadie, 2001, Khanna et al., 2010) sperm individualization complex inferred from direct assay (Rogat and Miller, 2002) synapse inferred from mutant phenotype (Narayanan et al., 2000)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 14 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
GTPase activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with mouse Dnm (Mi et al., 2001.12.13) non-traceable author statement (Dubnau and Tully, 2001) GTP binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000375, InterPro:IPR001401, InterPro:IPR003130 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) microtubule motor activity non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1992.8.1)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
cellularization traceable author statement (Sisson et al., 2000, Lecuit and Pilot, 2003) cytokinesis traceable author statement (Sisson et al., 2000) endocytosis non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1992.8.1) traceable author statement (Lecuit and Pilot, 2003) memory traceable author statement (Gerlai, 2001, Dubnau and Tully, 2001) microtubule-based process non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1992.8.1) pole cell formation traceable author statement (Sisson et al., 2000) receptor-mediated endocytosis non-traceable author statement (Gonzalez-Gaitan, 2003) synaptic vesicle budding from presynaptic membrane traceable author statement (Stimson and Ramaswami, 1999) synaptic vesicle endocytosis traceable author statement (Dubnau and Tully, 2001, Narayanan and Ramaswami, 2001) vesicle-mediated transport traceable author statement (Kjaerulff et al., 2002)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
microtubule associated complex inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P39055 (FlyBase, 1992-)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions shi allele Gene References shi1.Scer\UAS CDase (Acharya et al., 2003) lace (Acharya et al., 2003) Sema-1a (Murphey et al., 2003) shi1 awd (Dammai et al., 2003) comt (Littleton et al., 2001) endoA (Fabian-Fine et al., 2003) faf (Cadavid et al., 2000) jar (Rogat and Miller, 2002) lqf (Cadavid et al., 2000) N (Seugnet et al., 1997) rdgC (Kiselev et al., 2000) stnA (Petrovich et al., 1993) shi2 awd (Krishnan et al., 2001) faf (Cadavid et al., 2000) lqf (Cadavid et al., 2000) sesB (Rikhy et al., 2003) stnA (Stimson et al., 2001) shi4 sesB (Rikhy et al., 2003) stnA (Stimson et al., 2001) shiBS1 sesB (Rikhy et al., 2003) shiCK2 awd (Krishnan et al., 2001) sesB (Rikhy et al., 2003) shiEM42 faf (Cadavid et al., 2000) shiEM45 faf (Cadavid et al., 2000) shiK39A.GMR Hsc70-4 (Chang et al., 2002) shiK44A.Scer\UAS nkd (Moline et al., 1999) shiSHY awd (Krishnan et al., 2001) sesB (Rikhy et al., 2003) unspecified awd (Rikhy et al., 2001) mle (Johnson et al., 2001) sesB (Rikhy et al., 2001) stnA (Andrews et al., 1995, Andrews et al., 1996) stnB (Andrews et al., 1996, Stimson et al., 2001) vizhichai (Rikhy et al., 2001) wg (Moline et al., 1999)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 69991 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003392 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 45928
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF20511 Dere\GG17928 Dgri\GH12050 Dmoj\GI21715 Dper\GL21454 Dpse\GA14792 Dsec\GM22595 Dsim\shi Dvir\GJ15580 Dwil\GK25241 Dyak\GE17235
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dpse\GA14792   Dsim\shi   Dvir\shi
Linkouts	OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB18810 NV14582 LH13416 ISCW005274 FBgn0234713 FBgn0227200 FBgn0202773 FBgn0068585 FBgn0177465 JGI_V11_42230 FBgn0074819 FBgn0159047 FBgn0144445 FBgn0119529 FBgn0110148 FBgn0097517 CPIJ013552 GB15728 AGAP003018 AAEL007288 PHUM479450 GLEAN_11058
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 30 )
Bloomington	2248 shi2 7068 w1118 shi1 30010 P{QUAS-shi.ts1}2 w1118 30011 P{QUAS-shi.ts1}3, w1118 30012 y1 w1118; P{QUAS-shi.ts1}5 30013 y1 w1118; P{QUAS-shi.ts1}8
Kyoto	106278 shi1 106754 shi2 106236 shi1; In(3LR)225/TM3, Sb1
VDRC	v105971 P{KK101444}VIE-260B v3798 w1118; P{GD1529}v3798/TM3 v3799 w1118; P{GD1529}v3799/TM3
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR22H11 BACR32K23 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 229 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GH05029 LD21622
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT13027 GH04253 GH04695 GH06242 GH06384 GH12033 GH13271 GH14886 GH16863 GH16874 GH18244 GH19066 GH20146 GH20380 GH23760 GH24692 GH24867 GM04858 GM30685 HL01419 HL01833 HL01918 HL01956 HL02104 HL03664 HL04068 HL04394 HL05818 LD03778 LD10489 LD11418 LD13639 LD15548 LD16307 LD17304 LD18788 LD20044 LD20573 LD21945 LD22350 LD26730 LD30023 LD35140 LD35385 LD38115 LD38904 LD41132 LD43106 LD46865 LD47330 LP10441 RE26423 RE38696 RE41049 RE50937 SD04283 SD06683 SD11987 SD16532 SD17067 SD18846 SD22747
Other clones	553 10348 17577 18624 19496 21315 36735 38017 41872 44110 50318 50658 52680 52687 53468 55392 55605 64822 65321 79286 79354 79650 81893 100213 100454 101023 104155 104612 104994 117953 119516 122363 122605 147241 155710 160240 163486 166099 175978 175980 176030 176188 177541 191017 191569 192914 214407.33 214435.18 214437.43 214449.38 214473.39 214533.34 273040 282122 283378 283382 CK01.2B.H8 CK01.5D.E9 CK01.21A.E12 CK01.42D.F4 CK01.44A.D4 CK01.44C.C5 CK01.64D.G5 CK01.67B.D7 CK01.94A.G11 CK01.97C.F7 CK01.98A.G8 CK01.99B.D2 CK01.99B.G9 CK01.102C.C4 CK01.102D.E7 CK01.102D.F7 CK01.106B.G4 CK01.108A.A10 CK01.108A.B10 CK01.117A.F6 CK01.122A.G4 CK01.124A.E9 CK01.124B.D12 CK01.146A.C10 CK01.146C.E1 Dmel_neb_008419_0130_0984 EC13713 EK005442 EK007046 EK030624 EK036354 EK037135 EK037211 EK052827 EK054116 EK065227 EK069952 EK073326 EK075860 EK076427 EK076545 EK086420 EK088758 EK092233 EK093258 EK094448 EK120041 EK120417 EK121806 EK122054 EK127447 EK129834 EK129842 EK130619 EK139421 EK143016 EK147414 EK150818 EK154254 EK159513 EK168162 EK168838 EK170812 EK171625 EK176052 EK176743 EK181608 EK182238 EK182705 EK183211 EK185201 EK191703 EK192330 EK192858 EK208925 EK208934 EK209456 EK215454 EK223018 EK223114 EK223736 EK227713 EK228507 EK229526 EK235703 EK258617 EK263621 EK267826 EK276618 EK276644 EK295054 EK295556 EK303706 EK307215 EK308825 EK308902 EP04504 EP04555 EP07316 EP10113 EP11613 EP11716 EP12926 EP19829 GH23121 IP12072 IP12272 IP12372 RE01549
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003392 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 45928
Antibody Information
	monoclonal (Iyengar et al., 2011) polyclonal (Chen et al., 1992)
Other Information
Discoverer
	Grigliatti, 1971.
Etymology
	"shibire" means "paralysed" in Japanese. (Siddiqi and Benzer, 1976)
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: shi anon-WO0153538.12 anon-WO0153538.13 anon-WO0153538.14 (FlyBase, 1996-) Source for merge of: shi CG18102 (Misra, 2000.4.8)
Additional comments	Source for merge of shi anon-WO0153538.12 anon-WO0153538.13 anon-WO0153538.14 was sequence comparison (date:051113). (FlyBase, 1996-)
Other Comments
	dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against shi profoundly promotes the wg-signaling pathway. (Seto and Bellen, 2006) RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes a phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R+ cells: binucleate cells. (Kiger et al., 2003) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology. (Kiger et al., 2003) Dl is not endocytosed in shi mutants. (Le Borgne and Schweisguth, 2003) shi dependent retrieval of secreted sog protein is required for formation of the sog protein gradient across the dorsal side of the blastoderm embryo. (Srinivasan et al., 2002) A P{UAS-shits1.K} transgene has been used to show that synaptic transmission from mushroom body neurons is required during memory retrieval but not during acquisition or storage. (Dubnau et al., 2001) shi has a role in maintaining normal heart function. (Johnson et al., 2001) shi mutants have been used to show that there are two functionally and topographically distinct pools of synaptic vesicles, exo/endo cycling and reserve pools. (Kuromi and Kidokoro, 1998) Fluorescent Ca-sensitive dye, Ca Crimson, is used to monitor presynaptic Ca dynamics. (Umbach et al., 1998) In presynaptic terminals α-Adaptin defines a network-like membrane structure to which the GTPase dynamin is recruited. α-Adaptin is necessary for the formation of clathrin coated pits and participates in the dynamin-dependent release of coated vesicles from the membrane surface. Results suggest an α-Adaptin-dependent control of the vesicle cycle that maintains the balance between the amount of vesicle- and surface-associated membranes. (Gonzalez-Gaitan and Jackle, 1997) Overexpression of different constitutively active forms of N in shi mutant flies indicates that shi function is not necessary for transduction of the signal downstream of N, even when the receptor, N, is integrated in the plasma membrane. When wild-type N is activated by its ligand Dl, shi is required in both signaling and receiving cells for normal singling out of precursors. (Seugnet et al., 1997) The structure of the protein encoded by the second, stnB ORF suggests a possible role in membrane trafficking, allowing an interpretation of the interaction seen between the various 'stoned' and shi mutants. (Andrews et al., 1996) The two isoforms of dynamin detected in wild type and shi mutants are associated with two different pellet fractions of head homogenates. At least one isoform is membrane-associated. Normal distribution of dynamin is not affected by heat shock, block of the GTP cycle or the presence of stabilised microtubules in wild type or shi mutants. Results suggest the two isoforms are likely to be involved in separate cellular compartments rather than different functional states in the same membrane-cycling pathway. (Gass et al., 1995) Recycling of synaptic vesicle proteins is blocked in temperature sensitive mutants of shi. Similar inhibition of dye uptake is also seen. Vesicle recycling after the block can occur in the absence of extracellular calcium. BWSV induces calcium-independent exocytosis at nerve terminals. It is most likely that calcium is required for the endocytic recycling of synaptic vesicles. (Ramaswami et al., 1994) shi gene product is thought to provide the motor for vesicular transport during endocytosis. (Tabata and Kornberg, 1994) Mosaic analysis within muscles demonstrates the developmental focus of the shi mutant phenotype is the muscle itself. The normal shi function, endocytosis, is essential in muscle tissue during a sensitive stage of myogenesis in early pupae. (Hummon and Costello, 1993) Mutations at stnA show allele-specific interactions with mutations at dnc and shi. A suppressor of stnA, Su(stn) has been identified. The stnA gene product interacts directly or indirectly with the cAMP second messenger system, synaptic membrane recycling pathway and with biogenic amine metabolism. (Petrovich et al., 1993) Expression of shi is particularly high in CNS and PNS throughout neuronal development. (Chen et al., 1992) The shi locus encodes Drosophila dynamin. (Chen et al., 1991) shi has been cloned and sequenced. (van der Bliek and Meyerowitz, 1991) Studies of the neuromuscular junctions of heat-treated shi1 flies indicate that paralysis is associated with loss of synaptic vesicles. Examination of the neurogenic region of the embryos reveals numerous packets of extracellular vesicles and coated pits blocked in endocytosis. (Poodry, 1990) The shibire locus is characterized by its temperature-sensitive alleles, which are reversibly paralyzed by exposure to 29oC, but are essentially normal at 22oC (Grigliatti, Hall, Rosenbluth and Suzuki, 1973). Exposure of developing animals to the restrictive temperature for pulses of one to several hours leads to a plethora of developmental defects, which are specific for the stage treated (Poodry, Hall and Suzuki, 1973) (see shi1 allele record. Short exposures to restrictive temperatures at the time of delamination of the neuroblasts from the neurogenic ectoderm leads to excess neurogenesis at the expense of epidermogenesis, as seen in the neurogenic mutants (Poodry, 1990). Differentiation of myoblasts and neuroblasts is inhibited in shi1 embryonic cells in vitro at 30oC (Buzin, Dewhurst and Seecof, 1978). Embryonic neurons cultured at 30oC show reduced adhesion to the substrate, retardation of growth cone formation and suppressed neuron formation and elongation; reversed by shift to permissive temperature (Kim and Wu, 1987). Lethal embryos disorganized by the restrictive temperature can be cultured in vivo as tumorous masses (Poodry). Eye-antenna discs can also be cultured as tumorous masses for several transfer generations (Williams, 1981). Primary in vivo culture of cut leg imaginal discs leads to an exceptionally high rate of transdetermination (Poodry). The temperature-sensitive alleles differ in the severity of their paralysis, recovery period, the restrictive temperature for developmental effects and in their viability as hemizygotes. They are all hypomorphs, being recessive and having a more extreme expression in combination with a deficiency than when homozygous. A wild-type paternal gene can rescue an egg from a homozygous mother only after 10 hr of development (Swanson and Poodry, 1976). Of the developmental effects tested, all are autonomous in mosaics generated by somatic recombination or in gynandromorphs (Poodry). The developmental effects on bristles is not enhanced or suppressed by the presence of temperature-sensitive alleles of N; shi is epistatic to N (Lujan, 1981). Physiological studies of shi have revealed the loss of transients in electroretinograms (Kelley and Suzuki, 1974) and failure of neuromuscular transmission at the restrictive temperature (Ikeda, Ozawa and Hagiwara, 1976; Siddiqi and Benzer, 1976), though axonal conduction and muscle membrane excitability are unimpaired (Ikeda, Ozawa and Hagiwara, 1976). Exposure of shi1 adults to 29oC causes the depletion of synaptic vesicles from the neuromuscular synapse and their replacement with large cisternae (Poodry and Edgar, 1979; Koenig, Saito and Ikeda, 1983). Accumulation of acetyl choline is reduced at the restrictive temperature, not because of reduced synthesis but because of an abnormally rapid rate of release from the cell, which is not reduced by inhibiting tetrodotoxin-sensitive nerve activity (Wu, Merneking and Barker, 1983). Endocytosis is reversibly blocked in the nerve terminus (Kosaka and Ikeda, 1983a; Masur, Kim and Wu, 1990) and may limit the ability of nerves to regenerate synaptic vesicles. Neuromuscular transmission temperature is sensitive in mosaics in which the neuron but not the muscle is mutant, but not in the converse situation (Koenig and Ikeda, 1983b). During recovery from exposure to 30oC shi1 muscles display a multimodal distribution of miniature excitatory junction potential amplitudes never seen in wild type (Ikeda and Koenig, 1987). Further, as the temperature is increased the amplitude of evoked excitatory junction potentials decreases; the numbers of vesicles per synapse displays a correlated decrease (Koenig, Kosaka and Ikeda, 1989). Endocytosis is also blocked in the garland cells (Kosaka and Ikeda, 1983a). Vesiculation of cell membranes results in fusion of blastoderm cells (Swanson and Poodry, 1981) and vesiculation of surface membranes accompanies secretion of protein epicuticle (Poodry).
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_080114 NM_167470 NM_167471 NM_206742 NM_206743 NM_206744 NM_206745 NM_001042813 NM_001042814 NM_001169295 NM_001169296 NM_001169297 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_524853 NP_727910 NP_727911 NP_996465 NP_996466 NP_996467 NP_996468 NP_001036278 NP_001036279 NP_001162766 NP_001162767 NP_001162768 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAF48536 AAN09372 AAN09373 AAQ22518 AAS65366 AAS65367 AAS65368 AAS65369 ABI30983 ABI30984 ACZ95301 ACZ95302 ACZ95303 AI455176 AJ570252 AJ570253 AJ570254 AJ570255 AJ570256 AJ570257 AJ570258 AJ570259 AJ570261 AJ570262 AJ570263 AJ570264 AJ570265 AJ570266 AJ570267 AJ570268 AJ570269 AJ570270 AJ570272 AJ570273 AJ570274 AJ570275 AJ570276 AJ570277 AW942600 AX201628 AX201629 AX201630 BH614902 BT010049 CAA42061 CAA42062 CAA42067 CAA42068 X59435 X59436 X59448 X59449 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 45928 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P27619
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Dynamin central domain (IPR000375) Dynamin, GTPase domain (IPR001401) Pleckstrin homology domain (IPR001849) Dynamin GTPase effector (IPR003130) Pleckstrin homology-type (IPR011993) Dynamin, GTPase region, conserved site (IPR019762) GTPase effector domain, GED (IPR020850) Dynamin (IPR022812)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 69991 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003392 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003392 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003392 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG18102-RB;CG18102-RC;CG18102-RD FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0003392 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 45928 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /genebrief/shibire.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 45928 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0003392 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB18810 NV14582 LH13416 ISCW005274 FBgn0234713 FBgn0227200 FBgn0202773 FBgn0068585 FBgn0177465 JGI_V11_42230 FBgn0074819 FBgn0159047 FBgn0144445 FBgn0119529 FBgn0110148 FBgn0097517 CPIJ013552 GB15728 AGAP003018 AAEL007288 PHUM479450 GLEAN_11058
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 21 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	anon-WO0153538.12   anon-WO0153538.13   anon-WO0153538.14   CG18102 (Verstreken and Bellen, 2000.9.4, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Khanna et al., 2010, Chen et al., 2008, Kim et al., 2010, Cammarato et al., 2011) Ddyn (Roos and Kelly, 1998) dDyn (Guha et al., 2003) Ddyn3 (Chen, 1991.3.27) Ddyn4 (Chen, 1991.3.27) Dyn (Marie et al., 2004, Koh et al., 2004, Sommer et al., 2005, Verstreken et al., 2009, Windler and Bilder, 2010, Uytterhoeven et al., 2011) DYN (Kelly and Phillips, 2005) dyn (Chen et al., 2002) l(1)shi (Held, 1990) l(1)VII   shi (Klose et al., 2005, Keene et al., 2004, Mathew et al., 2005, Mathew et al., 2005, Pitman et al., 2006, Bokel et al., 2006, Rives et al., 2006, Keene et al., 2006, Kitamoto, 2002, Narayanan et al., 2005, Dickman, 2006, Ohyama et al., 2007, Baker et al., 2007, Davis, 2004, Gallet et al., 2006, Kicheva et al., 2007, Jekely et al., 2005, Zhao et al., 2008, Acevedo et al., 2007, Mateus et al., 2011, Kitamoto, 2002, Quinones et al., 2010, Hughes and Thomas, 2007, Lee et al., 2008, Trotta et al., 2004, Benhra et al., 2010, Classen et al., 2005, Shiraiwa, 2008, Poodry, 1980, Sasaki et al., 2007, Honjo and Furukubo-Tokunaga, 2005, Ghosh-Roy et al., 2005, Roegiers et al., 2005, Rogat and Miller, 2002, Pinal and Pichaud, 2011, Yuva-Aydemir et al., 2011, Zhang et al., 2008, Barnes et al., 2008, Zhang et al., 2007, Seto and Bellen, 2006, Kvitsiani and Dickson, 2006, Wang et al., 2004, Honjo et al., 2008, Windler and Bilder, 2008, Pai et al., 2006, Molnar et al., 2006, Bakal et al., 2007, Dietzl et al., 2007, Dubnau et al., 2003, Kawasaki et al., 2000, Huang et al., 2006, Hennig et al., 2006, van Swinderen and Greenspan, 2003, Meyer et al., 2006, Kitamoto, 2001, Stewart et al., 2002, Estes et al., 2000, Chen et al., 2002, Robertson et al., 2000, Song et al., 2007, Nallamothu et al., 2008, Pirraglia et al., 2006, Callejo et al., 2006, Han et al., 2007, Tsarouhas et al., 2007, Belenkaya et al., 2008, Sokac and Wieschaus, 2008, Raghu et al., 2009, Chang et al., 2008, Callejo et al., 2008, O'Connor-Giles et al., 2008, Guha et al., 2003, Hoyer et al., 2008, Xia and Tully, 2007, Cronin et al., 2004, Sakai and Kitamoto, 2006, Rister and Heisenberg, 2006, Seugnet et al., 2008, Georgiou et al., 2008, Leibfried et al., 2008, Honjo and Furukubo-Tokunaga, 2009, Loevenich et al., 2009, Nikolaev et al., 2009, Séjourné et al., 2011, Gerber et al., 2004, Su et al., 2007, Yang et al., 2009, Häsemeyer et al., 2009, Doherty et al., 2009, Zimmermann et al., 2009, Kilman et al., 2009, Pouille et al., 2009, Xu et al., 2008, Desai et al., 2009, Sousa-Nunes et al., 2011, Hall, 2003, Kumar et al., 2009, Verstreken et al., 2005, van Swinderen et al., 2009, Soukup et al., 2009, Peralta et al., 2009, Sakai et al., 2009, Beramendi et al., 2007, Thum et al., 2006, Yan et al., 2009, Joseph et al., 2009, Li et al., 2010, Katsuki et al., 2009, Krashes et al., 2009, Hsouna et al., 2007, Venken et al., 2009, Yao et al., 2009, Huntwork and Littleton, 2007, Gonzalez-Bellido et al., 2009, Zhou et al., 2008, Gao et al., 2008, Krashes et al., 2007, Cherry and Perrimon, 2004, Schwaerzel et al., 2002, Rohrbough and Broadie, 2002, Koenig and Ikeda, 2005, Wu et al., 2005, Koenig and Ikeda, 2007, Gao et al., 2008, Koganezawa et al., 2010, Chen et al., 2008, Windler and Bilder, 2010, Zhang et al., 2010, Nojima et al., 2010, Hebbar and Fernandes, 2010, Poskanzer et al., 2006, Rister et al., 2007, Zhang et al., 2010, Zars, 2010, Xi et al., 2008, Alekseyenko et al., 2010, Yamaguchi et al., 2010, Grygoruk et al., 2010, Ho et al., 2010, Mehnert and Cantera, 2008, Keene et al., 2010, Nahm et al., 2010, Pauls et al., 2010, Saja et al., 2010, Popodi et al., 2010-, Hsouna et al., 2010, Kahsai et al., 2010, Silies and Klämbt, 2010, Kamikouchi et al., 2010, Kim et al., 2010, Dason et al., 2010, Wigby et al., 2011, Yarali and Gerber, 2010, Liu et al., 2010, Roy et al., 2007, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Yuan et al., 2010, Uytterhoeven et al., 2011, Burke and Waddell, 2011, Ng et al., 2011, Kazama et al., 2011, Vaccari et al., 2008, Han et al., 2011, Akalal et al., 2006, Larkin et al., 2010, Ye et al., 2004, Kopyl et al., 2010, Lee et al., 2011, Houalla et al., 2010, Negreiros et al., 2010, Stümpges and Behr, 2011, Rodal et al., 2008, Kopyl et al., 2010, Yang et al., 2011) Shi (Heisenberg, 2003, Yu et al., 2005, Srahna et al., 2006, Lagow et al., 2007, Gallet et al., 2008, Vaccari et al., 2008, Shaye et al., 2008, Walthall et al., 2007, Joseph et al., 2009, Al-Anzi et al., 2009, Fricke et al., 2009, Sidyelyeva et al., 2010, Freeman et al., 2011, Ai et al., 2010) shibire (Hsouna et al., 2010)
Name Synonym	dynamin (Broadie, 2004, Fabian-Fine et al., 2003, Wucherpfennig et al., 2003, Zhen and Jin, 2004, Dudu et al., 2004, Dubnau and Chiang, 2004, Gerlai, 2001, Kjaerulff et al., 2002, Klueg and Muskavitch, 2002, Chang et al., 2001, Razzaq et al., 2001, Cremona and De Camilli, 2001, Sone et al., 2001, Sisson et al., 2000, Weinmaster, 2000, Carthew and Xu, 2000, Roos and Kelly, 1999, Klueg et al., 1999, Zhang et al., 1998, Rikhy et al., 2002, Koh et al., 2004, Stimson et al., 2001, Roos and Kelly, 1998, McNiven, 2006, Narayanan et al., 2005, Dickman et al., 2006, Sommer et al., 2005, Rogat and Miller, 2002, Seto and Bellen, 2006, Lin et al., 2008, Kelly and Phillips, 2005, Lecuit, 2004, Marques, 2005, Chen et al., 2002, Robertson et al., 2000, O'Connor-Giles et al., 2008, Williams et al., 2004, Heerssen et al., 2008, Behr et al., 2007, Georgiou et al., 2008, Leibfried et al., 2008, Rodal et al., 2008, Korolchuk et al., 2007, Desai et al., 2009, Tanaka et al., 2009, Vlisidou et al., 2009, Estes et al., 2000, Windler and Bilder, 2010, Quinones et al., 2010, Nahm et al., 2010, Kawasaki et al., 2011, Kuromi et al., 2010) Dynamin (Seto and Bellen, 2004, Verstreken et al., 2003, Kracklauer et al., 2003, Jafar-Nejad et al., 2002, Ashe, 2002, Zelhof et al., 2001, Sisson et al., 2000, Sisson et al., 2000, Verstreken and Bellen, 2006, Seto and Bellen, 2006, Rikhy et al., 2007, Nallamothu et al., 2007, Koh et al., 2007, Kittel et al., 2006, Beronja et al., 2005, Wagh et al., 2006, Kicheva et al., 2007, Strigini, 2005, Torroja et al., 2005, Shaye et al., 2008, Phillips and Thomas, 2006, Walthall et al., 2007, Su et al., 2007, Kumar et al., 2009, Rajan et al., 2009, Verstreken et al., 2009, Khanna et al., 2010, Marie et al., 2010, Hamanaka and Meinertzhagen, 2010, Roy et al., 2007, Freeman et al., 2011, Uytterhoeven et al., 2011, Negreiros et al., 2010) shibere (Cronin et al., 2004, Sidyelyeva et al., 2010, Stümpges and Behr, 2011, Rodal et al., 2008) Shibire (Mazumdar and Mazumdar, 2002, Chang et al., 2007, Narayanan et al., 2005, Sommer et al., 2005, Nurminsky, 2007, Eldar and Barkai, 2005, Lagow et al., 2007, Hennig et al., 2006, Gallet et al., 2008, Vaccari et al., 2008, Williams et al., 2004, Shaye et al., 2008, Phillips and Thomas, 2006, Walthall et al., 2007, Sousa-Nunes et al., 2011, Ai et al., 2010, Larkin et al., 2010) shibire (van der Bliek, 1991.5.15, Rikhy et al., 2007, Bokel et al., 2006, Koh et al., 2007, Dickman et al., 2005, Narayanan et al., 2005, Beronja et al., 2005, Ohyama et al., 2007, Zhao et al., 2008, Pocha et al., 2011, Kitamoto, 2002, Trotta et al., 2004, Seto and Bellen, 2006, Zhang et al., 2007, Macleod et al., 2004, Sasaki et al., 2007, Lee and Sun, 2008, Honjo and Furukubo-Tokunaga, 2005, Pai et al., 2006, Kelly and Phillips, 2005, Huang et al., 2006, Lecuit, 2004, Meyer et al., 2006, Chen et al., 2002, Robertson et al., 2000, Ing et al., 2007, Nallamothu et al., 2008, Han et al., 2007, Tsarouhas et al., 2007, Sokac and Wieschaus, 2008, Chang et al., 2008, Callejo et al., 2008, Guha et al., 2003, Hoyer et al., 2008, Heerssen et al., 2008, Behr et al., 2007, Sakai and Kitamoto, 2006, Rister and Heisenberg, 2006, Seugnet et al., 2008, Georgiou et al., 2008, Leibfried et al., 2008, Honjo and Furukubo-Tokunaga, 2009, Nikolaev et al., 2009, Su et al., 2007, Yang et al., 2009, Chiang et al., 2009, Akbergenova and Bykhovskaia, 2009, Zimmermann et al., 2009, Kilman et al., 2009, Pouille et al., 2009, Desai et al., 2009, Hall, 2003, Tanaka et al., 2009, Rajan et al., 2009, Vlisidou et al., 2009, Joseph et al., 2009, Beramendi et al., 2007, Al-Anzi et al., 2009, Gupta et al., 2009, Rogat and Miller, 2002, Hughes and Thomas, 2007, Li et al., 2010, Raghu et al., 2009, Katsuki et al., 2009, Krashes et al., 2009, Hsouna et al., 2007, Fricke et al., 2009, Katsov and Clandinin, 2008, Yao et al., 2009, Huntwork and Littleton, 2007, Vijayakrishnan et al., 2009, Cherry and Perrimon, 2004, Rohrbough and Broadie, 2002, Koenig and Ikeda, 2005, Wu et al., 2005, Koenig and Ikeda, 2007, Potter et al., 2010, Potter et al., 2010, Potter et al., 2010, Chen et al., 2008, Belenkaya et al., 2008, Zhang et al., 2010, Yamaguchi et al., 2010, McPhee et al., 2010, Dason et al., 2010, Roy et al., 2007, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Freeman et al., 2011, Kawasaki et al., 2000, van Swinderen and Greenspan, 2003, Davis, 2004, Keene et al., 2004, Klose et al., 2005, Xu et al., 2008, Gonzalez-Bellido et al., 2009, Koganezawa et al., 2010, Shiraiwa, 2008, Zhou et al., 2008, Hebbar and Fernandes, 2010, Zhang et al., 2010, Nojima et al., 2010, Alekseyenko et al., 2010, Benhra et al., 2010, Burke and Waddell, 2011, Akalal et al., 2006, Ye et al., 2004, Kuromi et al., 2010, Cammarato et al., 2011, Negreiros et al., 2010) shibiri (Mahowald, 2001)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0030705 FBgn0045942 FBgn0045943 FBgn0045944
References ( 653 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 653 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 399 ) Supplementary material  ( 17 ) Review  ( 113 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 10 ) Abstract  ( 98 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 3 ) Conference report  ( 1 ) Letter  ( 3 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Book  ( 1 ) Thesis  ( 1 ) Computer file  ( 2 ) Book review  ( 1 ) Patent  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 61 )
	Burke and Waddell, 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(9): 746--750 Remembering nutrient quality of sugar in Drosophila. [FBrf0213625] Freeman et al., 2011, Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 46(2): 535--547 NFAT regulates pre-synaptic development and activity-dependent plasticity in Drosophila. [FBrf0212894] Han et al., 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(23): 9673--9678 Enhancer-driven membrane markers for analysis of nonautonomous mechanisms reveal neuron-glia interactions in Drosophila. [FBrf0213916] Iyengar et al., 2011, Genes Brain Behav. 10(8): 883--900 Silencing synaptic communication between random interneurons during Drosophila larval locomotion. [FBrf0216607] Kawasaki et al., 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(25): E222--E229 The DISABLED protein functions in CLATHRIN-mediated synaptic vesicle endocytosis and exoendocytic coupling at the active zone. [FBrf0213990] Kazama et al., 2011, J. Neurosci. 31(21): 7619--7630 Cell Death Triggers Olfactory Circuit Plasticity via Glial Signaling in Drosophila. [FBrf0213815] Kohatsu et al., 2011, Neuron 69(3): 498--508 Female Contact Activates Male-Specific Interneurons that Trigger Stereotypic Courtship Behavior in Drosophila. [FBrf0213024] Lee et al., 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(33): 13794--13799 Serotonin-mushroom body circuit modulating the formation of anesthesia-resistant memory in Drosophila. [FBrf0214737] Mateus et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(4): e18729 Endocytic and Recycling Endosomes Modulate Cell Shape Changes and Tissue Behaviour during Morphogenesis in Drosophila. [FBrf0213562] Ng et al., 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(8): 625--634 Glial cells physiologically modulate clock neurons and circadian behavior in a calcium-dependent manner. [FBrf0213518] Oshima and Fehon, 2011, J. Cell Sci. 124(16): 2861--2871 Analysis of protein dynamics within the septate junction reveals a highly stable core protein complex that does not include the basolateral polarity protein Discs large. [FBrf0214577] Pinal and Pichaud, 2011, J. Cell Sci. 124(9): 1564--1570 Dynamin- and Rab5-dependent endocytosis is required to prevent Drosophila photoreceptor degeneration. [FBrf0213465] Pocha et al., 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(13): 1111--1117 Retromer controls epithelial cell polarity by trafficking the apical determinant crumbs. [FBrf0214250] Sartain et al., 2011, Development 138(8): 1619--1629 The poly(A) polymerase GLD2 is required for spermatogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0213334] Sorribes et al., 2011, PLoS Comput. Biol. 7(6): e1002075 The origin of behavioral bursts in decision-making circuitry. [FBrf0214285] Sousa-Nunes et al., 2011, Nature 471(7339): 508--512 Fat cells reactivate quiescent neuroblasts via TOR and glial insulin relays in Drosophila. [FBrf0214426] Stümpges and Behr, 2011, FEBS Lett. 585(20): 3316--3321 Time-specific regulation of airway clearance by the Drosophila J-domain transmembrane protein Wurst. [FBrf0216409] Séjourné et al., 2011, Nat. Neurosci. 14(7): 903--910 Mushroom body efferent neurons responsible for aversive olfactory memory retrieval in Drosophila. [FBrf0214029] Uytterhoeven et al., 2011, Cell 145(1): 117--132 Loss of skywalker reveals synaptic endosomes as sorting stations for synaptic vesicle proteins. [FBrf0213384] Wigby et al., 2011, Proc. Biol. Sci. 278(1704): 424--431 Insulin signalling regulates remating in female Drosophila. [FBrf0212666] Yang et al., 2011, Neuron 72(2): 285--299 Nak regulates localization of clathrin sites in higher-order dendrites to promote local dendrite growth. [FBrf0216477] Yuva-Aydemir et al., 2011, J. Neurosci. 31(19): 7005--7015 Spinster Controls Dpp Signaling during Glial Migration in the Drosophila Eye. [FBrf0213705] Ai et al., 2010, Nature 468(7324): 691--695 Acid sensing by the Drosophila olfactory system. [FBrf0212455] Alekseyenko et al., 2010, PLoS ONE 5(5): e10806 Targeted manipulation of serotonergic neurotransmission affects the escalation of aggression in adult male Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0210961] Benhra et al., 2010, Mol. Biol. Cell 21(12): 2078--2086 Neuralized promotes Basal to apical transcytosis of delta in epithelial cells. [FBrf0211002] Dason et al., 2010, J. Neurosci. 30(47): 15856--15865 Vesicular sterols are essential for synaptic vesicle cycling. [FBrf0212381] Grygoruk et al., 2010, J. Biol. Chem. 285(10): 6867--6878 A Tyrosine-based Motif Localizes a Drosophila Vesicular Transporter to Synaptic Vesicles in Vivo. [FBrf0210098] Hamanaka and Meinertzhagen, 2010, J. Comp. Neurol. 518(7): 1133--1155 Immunocytochemical localization of synaptic proteins to photoreceptor synapses of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0209968] Hebbar and Fernandes, 2010, Dev. Biol. 340(2): 344--354 Glial remodeling during metamorphosis influences the stabilization of motor neuron branches in Drosophila. [FBrf0210520] Ho et al., 2010, Development 137(5): 745--754 Echinoid regulates Flamingo endocytosis to control ommatidial rotation in the Drosophila eye. [FBrf0209940] Houalla et al., 2010, Mol. Brain 3: 19 Rab-mediated vesicular transport is required for neuronal positioning in the developing Drosophila visual system. [FBrf0211130] Hsouna et al., 2010, Mol. Cell. Biol. 30(15): 3779--3794 Drosophila von hippel-lindau tumor suppressor gene function in epithelial tubule morphogenesis. [FBrf0211250] Kahsai et al., 2010, J. Exp. Biol. 213(13): 2256--2265 Neuropeptides in the Drosophila central complex in modulation of locomotor behavior. [FBrf0211022] Kamikouchi et al., 2010, Europ. J. Neurosci. 31(4): 697--703 Mechanical feedback amplification in Drosophila hearing is independent of synaptic transmission. [FBrf0210513] Keene et al., 2010, Curr. Biol. 20(13): 1209--1215 Clock and cycle Limit Starvation-Induced Sleep Loss in Drosophila. [FBrf0211239] Kim et al., 2010, Exp. Gerontol. 45(7-8): 611--620 Gene expression profiling implicates OXPHOS complexes in lifespan extension of flies over-expressing a small mitochondrial chaperone, Hsp22. [FBrf0210880] Koganezawa et al., 2010, Curr. Biol. 20(1): 1--8 The Shaping of Male Courtship Posture by Lateralized Gustatory Inputs to Male-Specific Interneurons. [FBrf0209959] Kopyl et al., 2010, Russ. J. Genet. 46(3): 276--282 Drosophila melanogaster gene Merlin interacts with the clathrin adaptor protein gene lap. [FBrf0215199] Kopyl et al., 2010, Genetika, Moscow 46(3): 314--320 [Drosophila melanogaster gene Merlin interacts with the clathrin adaptor protein gene lap] [FBrf0210615] Kuromi et al., 2010, Europ. J. Neurosci. 32(3): 335--346 Two types of Ca channel linked to two endocytic pathways coordinately maintain synaptic transmission at the Drosophila synapse. [FBrf0211498] Larkin et al., 2010, Learn. Mem. 17(12): 645--653 Central synaptic mechanisms underlie short-term olfactory habituation in Drosophila larvae. [FBrf0212326] Li et al., 2010, EMBO J. 29(5): 992--1006 Bicaudal-D binds clathrin heavy chain to promote its transport and augments synaptic vesicle recycling. [FBrf0210180] Liu et al., 2010, J. Neurosci. 30(35): 11624--11634 Distinct Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Dismantling Processes of Drosophila Neuromuscular Junctions during Metamorphosis. [FBrf0211694] Marie et al., 2010, J. Neurosci. 30(24): 8071--8082 Synaptic homeostasis is consolidated by the cell fate gene gooseberry, a Drosophila pax3/7 homolog. [FBrf0211066] McPhee et al., 2010, Nature 465(7301): 1093--1096 Activation of autophagy during cell death requires the engulfment receptor Draper. [FBrf0211145] Nahm et al., 2010, J. Neurosci. 30(24): 8138--8150 dCIP4 (Drosophila Cdc42-interacting protein 4) restrains synaptic growth by inhibiting the secretion of the retrograde Glass bottom boat signal. [FBrf0211075] Negreiros et al., 2010, genesis 48(1): 31--43 alphaPS1betaPS integrin receptors regulate the differential distribution of Sog fragments in polarized epithelia. [FBrf0209674] Nojima et al., 2010, Curr. Biol. 20(9): 836--840 Neuronal synaptic outputs determine the sexual fate of postsynaptic targets. [FBrf0210762] Pauls et al., 2010, J. Neurosci. 30(32): 10655--10666 Drosophila Larvae Establish Appetitive Olfactory Memories via Mushroom Body Neurons of Embryonic Origin. [FBrf0211533] Potter et al., 2010, Cell 141(3): 536--548 The Q system: a repressible binary system for transgene expression, lineage tracing, and mosaic analysis. [FBrf0210697] Quinones et al., 2010, J. Cell Biol. 189(2): 353--367 I-BAR protein antagonism of endocytosis mediates directional sensing during guided cell migration. [FBrf0210570] Saja et al., 2010, Neurobiol. Disease 40(1): 135--145 Identifying cellular pathways modulated by Drosophila palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 function. [FBrf0211567] Sidyelyeva et al., 2010, Cell. Molec. Life Sci. 67(17): 2991--3004 Individual carboxypeptidase D domains have both redundant and unique functions in Drosophila development and behavior. [FBrf0211540] Silies and Klämbt, 2010, Nat. Neurosci. 13(11): 1357--1364 APC/C(Fzr/Cdh1)-dependent regulation of cell adhesion controls glial migration in the Drosophila PNS. [FBrf0212144] Wasbrough et al., 2010, J. Proteomics 73(11): 2171--2185 The Drosophila melanogaster sperm proteome-II (DmSP-II). [FBrf0211978] Windler and Bilder, 2010, Curr. Biol. 20(6): 538--543 Endocytic internalization routes required for delta/notch signaling. [FBrf0210409] Yamaguchi et al., 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(12): 5634--5639 Contribution of photoreceptor subtypes to spectral wavelength preference in Drosophila. [FBrf0210366] Yarali and Gerber, 2010, Front. Behav. Neurosci. 4: 189 A Neurogenetic Dissociation between Punishment-, Reward-, and Relief-Learning in Drosophila. [FBrf0212711] Yu et al., 2010, J. Neurosci. 30(36): 12151--12156 Plexin a-semaphorin-1a reverse signaling regulates photoreceptor axon guidance in Drosophila. [FBrf0211784] Yuan et al., 2010, J. Cell Sci. 123(6): 939--946 Analysis of integrin turnover in fly myotendinous junctions. [FBrf0213429] Zhang et al., 2010, Curr. Biol. 20(7): 591--599 DN1(p) circadian neurons coordinate acute light and PDF inputs to produce robust daily behavior in Drosophila. [FBrf0210593] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews ( 1 )
	Zars, 2010, Learn. Mem. 17(5): 246--251 Short-term memories in Drosophila are governed by general and specific genetic systems. [FBrf0210637] Show all reviews ...