Gene Dmel\skd

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

78A2-78A3

76A2-76A3

78A2-78A2

78A-78A

78A1-78A2

(determined by in situ hybridisation) 78A2--3 (determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Spradling et al., 1999)

78A-78A

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Cribbs, 1998.3.11)

78A1-78A2

(determined by in situ hybridisation) 78A2--3

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-51

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Shows low recombination frequency with Ki mutants.

(Cribbs, 1998.3.11)

Gene Model & Products

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\skd for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

DGC clone LD28662 appears problematic: incomplete CDS

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Associated CDS (aa)

skd-RC

FBtr0078329

NM_168879

11414

2618

skd-RD

FBtr0078328

NM_079914

10465

2618

skd-RE

FBtr0112830

NM_168880

10703

2768

skd-RF

FBtr0333284

NM_001275205

9982

2601

Additional Transcript Data & Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank protein

skd-PC

FBpp0077985

280.0

2618

6.54

NP_730590

AAN12148

skd-PD

FBpp0077984

280.0

2618

6.54

NP_524653

AAN12149

skd-PE

FBpp0111743

295.7

2768

6.82

NP_730591

AAN12150

skd-PF

FBpp0305479

278.2

2601

6.53

NP_001262134

AGB94827

Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites

•

Mediator complex, subunit Med13, N-terminal, metazoa/fungi (IPR021643)

Mediator complex, subunit Med13 (IPR009401)

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

DDBJ /
EMBL /
GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

Name

Q7KTX8

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A8JNW4

Mapped Features

Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details.

Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports.

Type

Symbol & Location

Additional Notes

References

External Data

Crossreferences

Expression Data

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism

Comment:maternally deposited

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

organism | ubiquitous

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

antennal anlage

Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

central brain anlage

Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

visual anlage

Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

dorsal ectoderm

ventral ectoderm

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

antennal primordium

Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

central brain primordium

Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

visual primordium

Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

dorsal ectoderm

ventral ectoderm

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

dorsal epidermis primordium

dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment:reported as head epidermis primordium

lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment:reported as head epidermis primordium

ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment:reported as head epidermis primordium

ventral epidermis primordium

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic brain

embryonic dorsal epidermis

embryonic head epidermis

embryonic ventral epidermis

ventral nerve cord

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

larval stage

organism | ubiquitous

• nucleus

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)

CV term

References

mediator complex

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProtKB)

inferred from physical interaction with Cdk8, CycC

nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray

FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data

(FlyAtlas-RNA.adult)

(FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Back-to-back
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High level expression bin max
	Very high expression bin max

Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Two or more Affy2 ProbeSets identify exons of this gene. This is a summary of the tissue expression peaks exhibited in at least one of these ProbeSets. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult central nervous system, larval salivary gland, adult ovary, larval carcass.
[download data (TSV)]

Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors
	No expression (0 - 9.999)
	Low expression (10 - 99.999)
	Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)
	High level expression (500 - 999.999)
	Very high expression (>999.999)

Heatmap
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
Larval Midgut
Larval Hindgut
Larval Malpighian Tubules
Larval Fat Body
Larval Salivary Gland
Larval Trachea
Larval Carcass
Adult Head
Adult Eye
Adult Brain
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
Adult Crop
Adult Midgut
Adult Hindgut
Adult Malpighian Tubules
Adult Fat Body
Adult Salivary Gland
Adult Heart
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
Adult Ovary
Adult Testis
Adult Male Accessory Gland
Adult Carcass

FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)

modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq

modENCODE Tissue Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High expression bin max
	Extremely high expression bin max

[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
	No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
	Very low expression (1 - 3)
	Low expression (4 - 10)
	Moderate expression (11 - 25)
	Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
	High expression (51 - 100)
	Very high expression (101 - 1000)
	Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		18
central nervous system, larvae L3		29
central nervous system, pupae P8		23
head, virgin 1-day female		11
head, virgin 4-day female		12
head, virgin 20-day female		8
head, mated 1-day female		12
head, mated 4-day female		10
head, mated 20-day female		7
head, mated 1-day male		15
head, mated 4-day male		16
head, mated 20-day male		13
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		1
salivary gland, white prepupae		5
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		3
digestive system, 1-day adult		2
digestive system, 4-day adult		5
digestive system, 20-day adult		4
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		3
fat body, white prepupae		5
fat body, pupae P8		8
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		15
carcass, 1-day adult		7
carcass, 4-day adult		8
carcass, 20-day adult		6
ovary, virgin 4-day female		44
ovary, mated 4-day female		47
testis, mated 4-day male		3
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		2
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		18
central nervous system, larvae L3		(29)
central nervous system, pupae P8		23
head, virgin 1-day female		11
head, virgin 4-day female		12
head, virgin 20-day female		8
head, mated 1-day female		12
head, mated 4-day female		10
head, mated 20-day female		7
head, mated 1-day male		15
head, mated 4-day male		16
head, mated 20-day male		13
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		1
salivary gland, white prepupae		5
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		3
digestive system, 1-day adult		2
digestive system, 4-day adult		5
digestive system, 20-day adult		4
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		3
fat body, white prepupae		5
fat body, pupae P8		8
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		15
carcass, 1-day adult		7
carcass, 4-day adult		8
carcass, 20-day adult		6
ovary, virgin 4-day female		(44)
ovary, mated 4-day female		(47)
testis, mated 4-day male		3
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		2
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to High expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		18
central nervous system, larvae L3		29
central nervous system, pupae P8		23
head, virgin 1-day female		11
head, virgin 4-day female		12
head, virgin 20-day female		8
head, mated 1-day female		12
head, mated 4-day female		10
head, mated 20-day female		7
head, mated 1-day male		15
head, mated 4-day male		16
head, mated 20-day male		13
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		1
salivary gland, white prepupae		5
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		3
digestive system, 1-day adult		2
digestive system, 4-day adult		5
digestive system, 20-day adult		4
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		3
fat body, white prepupae		5
fat body, pupae P8		8
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		15
carcass, 1-day adult		7
carcass, 4-day adult		8
carcass, 20-day adult		6
ovary, virgin 4-day female		44
ovary, mated 4-day female		47
testis, mated 4-day male		3
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		2
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		18
central nervous system, larvae L3		29
central nervous system, pupae P8		23
head, virgin 1-day female		11
head, virgin 4-day female		12
head, virgin 20-day female		8
head, mated 1-day female		12
head, mated 4-day female		10
head, mated 20-day female		7
head, mated 1-day male		15
head, mated 4-day male		16
head, mated 20-day male		13
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		1
salivary gland, white prepupae		5
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		3
digestive system, 1-day adult		2
digestive system, 4-day adult		5
digestive system, 20-day adult		4
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		3
fat body, white prepupae		5
fat body, pupae P8		8
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		15
carcass, 1-day adult		7
carcass, 4-day adult		8
carcass, 20-day adult		6
ovary, virgin 4-day female		44
ovary, mated 4-day female		47
testis, mated 4-day male		3
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		2
Expression Level Scale		Extremely high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		18
central nervous system, larvae L3		29
central nervous system, pupae P8		23
head, virgin 1-day female		11
head, virgin 4-day female		12
head, virgin 20-day female		8
head, mated 1-day female		12
head, mated 4-day female		10
head, mated 20-day female		7
head, mated 1-day male		15
head, mated 4-day male		16
head, mated 20-day male		13
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		1
salivary gland, white prepupae		5
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		3
digestive system, 1-day adult		2
digestive system, 4-day adult		5
digestive system, 20-day adult		4
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		3
fat body, white prepupae		5
fat body, pupae P8		8
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		15
carcass, 1-day adult		7
carcass, 4-day adult		8
carcass, 20-day adult		6
ovary, virgin 4-day female		44
ovary, mated 4-day female		47
testis, mated 4-day male		3
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		2
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		18
central nervous system, larvae L3		29
central nervous system, pupae P8		23
head, virgin 1-day female		11
head, virgin 4-day female		12
head, virgin 20-day female		8
head, mated 1-day female		12
head, mated 4-day female		10
head, mated 20-day female		7
head, mated 1-day male		15
head, mated 4-day male		16
head, mated 20-day male		13
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		1
salivary gland, white prepupae		5
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		3
digestive system, 1-day adult		2
digestive system, 4-day adult		5
digestive system, 20-day adult		4
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		3
fat body, white prepupae		5
fat body, pupae P8		8
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		15
carcass, 1-day adult		7
carcass, 4-day adult		8
carcass, 20-day adult		6
ovary, virgin 4-day female		(44)
ovary, mated 4-day female		(47)
testis, mated 4-day male		3
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		2
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to High expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		18
central nervous system, larvae L3		29
central nervous system, pupae P8		23
head, virgin 1-day female		11
head, virgin 4-day female		12
head, virgin 20-day female		8
head, mated 1-day female		12
head, mated 4-day female		10
head, mated 20-day female		7
head, mated 1-day male		15
head, mated 4-day male		16
head, mated 20-day male		13
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		1
salivary gland, white prepupae		5
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		3
digestive system, 1-day adult		2
digestive system, 4-day adult		5
digestive system, 20-day adult		4
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		3
fat body, white prepupae		5
fat body, pupae P8		8
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		15
carcass, 1-day adult		7
carcass, 4-day adult		8
carcass, 20-day adult		6
ovary, virgin 4-day female		44
ovary, mated 4-day female		47
testis, mated 4-day male		3
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		2
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		18
central nervous system, larvae L3		29
central nervous system, pupae P8		23
head, virgin 1-day female		11
head, virgin 4-day female		12
head, virgin 20-day female		8
head, mated 1-day female		12
head, mated 4-day female		10
head, mated 20-day female		7
head, mated 1-day male		15
head, mated 4-day male		16
head, mated 20-day male		13
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		1
salivary gland, white prepupae		5
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		3
digestive system, 1-day adult		2
digestive system, 4-day adult		5
digestive system, 20-day adult		4
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		3
fat body, white prepupae		5
fat body, pupae P8		8
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		15
carcass, 1-day adult		7
carcass, 4-day adult		8
carcass, 20-day adult		6
ovary, virgin 4-day female		44
ovary, mated 4-day female		47
testis, mated 4-day male		3
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		2
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high Extremely high

Heatmap
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
central nervous system, larvae L3
central nervous system, pupae P8
head, virgin 1-day female
head, virgin 4-day female
head, virgin 20-day female
head, mated 1-day female
head, mated 4-day female
head, mated 20-day female
head, mated 1-day male
head, mated 4-day male
head, mated 20-day male
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
salivary gland, white prepupae
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
digestive system, 1-day adult
digestive system, 4-day adult
digestive system, 20-day adult
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
fat body, white prepupae
fat body, pupae P8
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
carcass, 1-day adult
carcass, 4-day adult
carcass, 20-day adult
ovary, virgin 4-day female
ovary, mated 4-day female
testis, mated 4-day male
accessory gland, mated 4-day male

modENCODE Development RNA-Seq

modENCODE Temporal Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High expression bin max
	Extremely high expression bin max

Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-18 hour embryonic stages, in adult female stages.
[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
	No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
	Very low expression (1 - 3)
	Low expression (4 - 10)
	Moderate expression (11 - 25)
	Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
	High expression (51 - 100)
	Very high expression (101 - 1000)
	Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		44
embryo 02-04hr		24
embryo 04-06hr		29
embryo 06-08hr		27
embryo 08-10hr		23
embryo 10-12hr		13
embryo 12-14hr		22
embryo 14-16hr		17
embryo 16-18hr		11
embryo 18-20hr		9
embryo 20-22hr		8
embryo 22-24hr		9
larva L1		8
larva L2		5
larva L3 12hr old		4
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		3
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		9
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		11
white prepupae new		13
white prepupae 12hr		13
white prepupae 24hr		17
pupae 2d postWPP		15
pupae 3d postWPP		7
pupae 4d postWPP		7
adult male 01day		7
adult male 05day		8
adult male 30day		8
adult female 01day		21
adult female 05day		34
adult female 30day		35
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		(44)
embryo 02-04hr		24
embryo 04-06hr		(29)
embryo 06-08hr		(27)
embryo 08-10hr		23
embryo 10-12hr		13
embryo 12-14hr		22
embryo 14-16hr		17
embryo 16-18hr		11
embryo 18-20hr		9
embryo 20-22hr		8
embryo 22-24hr		9
larva L1		8
larva L2		5
larva L3 12hr old		4
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		3
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		9
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		11
white prepupae new		13
white prepupae 12hr		13
white prepupae 24hr		17
pupae 2d postWPP		15
pupae 3d postWPP		7
pupae 4d postWPP		7
adult male 01day		7
adult male 05day		8
adult male 30day		8
adult female 01day		21
adult female 05day		(34)
adult female 30day		(35)
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to High expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		44
embryo 02-04hr		24
embryo 04-06hr		29
embryo 06-08hr		27
embryo 08-10hr		23
embryo 10-12hr		13
embryo 12-14hr		22
embryo 14-16hr		17
embryo 16-18hr		11
embryo 18-20hr		9
embryo 20-22hr		8
embryo 22-24hr		9
larva L1		8
larva L2		5
larva L3 12hr old		4
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		3
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		9
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		11
white prepupae new		13
white prepupae 12hr		13
white prepupae 24hr		17
pupae 2d postWPP		15
pupae 3d postWPP		7
pupae 4d postWPP		7
adult male 01day		7
adult male 05day		8
adult male 30day		8
adult female 01day		21
adult female 05day		34
adult female 30day		35
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		44
embryo 02-04hr		24
embryo 04-06hr		29
embryo 06-08hr		27
embryo 08-10hr		23
embryo 10-12hr		13
embryo 12-14hr		22
embryo 14-16hr		17
embryo 16-18hr		11
embryo 18-20hr		9
embryo 20-22hr		8
embryo 22-24hr		9
larva L1		8
larva L2		5
larva L3 12hr old		4
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		3
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		9
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		11
white prepupae new		13
white prepupae 12hr		13
white prepupae 24hr		17
pupae 2d postWPP		15
pupae 3d postWPP		7
pupae 4d postWPP		7
adult male 01day		7
adult male 05day		8
adult male 30day		8
adult female 01day		21
adult female 05day		34
adult female 30day		35
Expression Level Scale		Extremely high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		44
embryo 02-04hr		24
embryo 04-06hr		29
embryo 06-08hr		27
embryo 08-10hr		23
embryo 10-12hr		13
embryo 12-14hr		22
embryo 14-16hr		17
embryo 16-18hr		11
embryo 18-20hr		9
embryo 20-22hr		8
embryo 22-24hr		9
larva L1		8
larva L2		5
larva L3 12hr old		4
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		3
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		9
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		11
white prepupae new		13
white prepupae 12hr		13
white prepupae 24hr		17
pupae 2d postWPP		15
pupae 3d postWPP		7
pupae 4d postWPP		7
adult male 01day		7
adult male 05day		8
adult male 30day		8
adult female 01day		21
adult female 05day		34
adult female 30day		35
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		(44)
embryo 02-04hr		24
embryo 04-06hr		29
embryo 06-08hr		27
embryo 08-10hr		23
embryo 10-12hr		13
embryo 12-14hr		22
embryo 14-16hr		17
embryo 16-18hr		11
embryo 18-20hr		9
embryo 20-22hr		8
embryo 22-24hr		9
larva L1		8
larva L2		5
larva L3 12hr old		4
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		3
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		9
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		11
white prepupae new		13
white prepupae 12hr		13
white prepupae 24hr		17
pupae 2d postWPP		15
pupae 3d postWPP		7
pupae 4d postWPP		7
adult male 01day		7
adult male 05day		8
adult male 30day		8
adult female 01day		21
adult female 05day		(34)
adult female 30day		(35)
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to High expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		44
embryo 02-04hr		24
embryo 04-06hr		29
embryo 06-08hr		27
embryo 08-10hr		23
embryo 10-12hr		13
embryo 12-14hr		22
embryo 14-16hr		17
embryo 16-18hr		11
embryo 18-20hr		9
embryo 20-22hr		8
embryo 22-24hr		9
larva L1		8
larva L2		5
larva L3 12hr old		4
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		3
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		9
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		11
white prepupae new		13
white prepupae 12hr		13
white prepupae 24hr		17
pupae 2d postWPP		15
pupae 3d postWPP		7
pupae 4d postWPP		7
adult male 01day		7
adult male 05day		8
adult male 30day		8
adult female 01day		21
adult female 05day		34
adult female 30day		35
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		44
embryo 02-04hr		24
embryo 04-06hr		29
embryo 06-08hr		27
embryo 08-10hr		23
embryo 10-12hr		13
embryo 12-14hr		22
embryo 14-16hr		17
embryo 16-18hr		11
embryo 18-20hr		9
embryo 20-22hr		8
embryo 22-24hr		9
larva L1		8
larva L2		5
larva L3 12hr old		4
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		3
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		9
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		11
white prepupae new		13
white prepupae 12hr		13
white prepupae 24hr		17
pupae 2d postWPP		15
pupae 3d postWPP		7
pupae 4d postWPP		7
adult male 01day		7
adult male 05day		8
adult male 30day		8
adult female 01day		21
adult female 05day		34
adult female 30day		35
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high Extremely high

Heatmap
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
embryo 02-04hr
embryo 04-06hr
embryo 06-08hr
embryo 08-10hr
embryo 10-12hr
embryo 12-14hr
embryo 14-16hr
embryo 16-18hr
embryo 18-20hr
embryo 20-22hr
embryo 22-24hr
larva L1
larva L2
larva L3 12hr old
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
white prepupae new
white prepupae 12hr
white prepupae 24hr
pupae 2d postWPP
pupae 3d postWPP
pupae 4d postWPP
adult male 01day
adult male 05day
adult male 30day
adult female 01day
adult female 05day
adult female 30day

modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)

modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq

modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A)

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High expression bin max
	Extremely high expression bin max

[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
	No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
	Very low expression (1 - 3)
	Low expression (4 - 10)
	Moderate expression (11 - 25)
	Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
	High expression (51 - 100)
	Very high expression (101 - 1000)
	Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		13
Schneider line 2 Sg4		4
embryonic 1182-4H		9
embryonic GM2		14
embryonic Kc167		10
embryonic S1		6
embryonic S3		12
leg disc CME L1		5
wing disc CME-W2		9
wing disc ML-DmD8		5
wing disc ML-DmD9		13
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		12
wing disc ML-DmD21		2
wing disc ML-DmD32		7
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		18
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		21
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		4
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		6
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		8
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		8
tumorous blood cells mbn2		11
ovary fGS/OSS		15
ovary OSC		19
ovary OSS		9
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		13
Schneider line 2 Sg4		4
embryonic 1182-4H		9
embryonic GM2		14
embryonic Kc167		10
embryonic S1		6
embryonic S3		12
leg disc CME L1		5
wing disc CME-W2		9
wing disc ML-DmD8		5
wing disc ML-DmD9		13
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		12
wing disc ML-DmD21		2
wing disc ML-DmD32		7
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		18
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		21
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		4
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		6
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		8
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		8
tumorous blood cells mbn2		11
ovary fGS/OSS		15
ovary OSC		19
ovary OSS		9
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to High expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		13
Schneider line 2 Sg4		4
embryonic 1182-4H		9
embryonic GM2		14
embryonic Kc167		10
embryonic S1		6
embryonic S3		12
leg disc CME L1		5
wing disc CME-W2		9
wing disc ML-DmD8		5
wing disc ML-DmD9		13
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		12
wing disc ML-DmD21		2
wing disc ML-DmD32		7
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		18
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		21
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		4
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		6
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		8
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		8
tumorous blood cells mbn2		11
ovary fGS/OSS		15
ovary OSC		19
ovary OSS		9
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		13
Schneider line 2 Sg4		4
embryonic 1182-4H		9
embryonic GM2		14
embryonic Kc167		10
embryonic S1		6
embryonic S3		12
leg disc CME L1		5
wing disc CME-W2		9
wing disc ML-DmD8		5
wing disc ML-DmD9		13
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		12
wing disc ML-DmD21		2
wing disc ML-DmD32		7
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		18
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		21
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		4
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		6
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		8
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		8
tumorous blood cells mbn2		11
ovary fGS/OSS		15
ovary OSC		19
ovary OSS		9
Expression Level Scale		Extremely high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		13
Schneider line 2 Sg4		4
embryonic 1182-4H		9
embryonic GM2		14
embryonic Kc167		10
embryonic S1		6
embryonic S3		12
leg disc CME L1		5
wing disc CME-W2		9
wing disc ML-DmD8		5
wing disc ML-DmD9		13
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		12
wing disc ML-DmD21		2
wing disc ML-DmD32		7
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		18
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		21
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		4
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		6
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		8
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		8
tumorous blood cells mbn2		11
ovary fGS/OSS		15
ovary OSC		19
ovary OSS		9
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		13
Schneider line 2 Sg4		4
embryonic 1182-4H		9
embryonic GM2		14
embryonic Kc167		10
embryonic S1		6
embryonic S3		12
leg disc CME L1		5
wing disc CME-W2		9
wing disc ML-DmD8		5
wing disc ML-DmD9		13
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		12
wing disc ML-DmD21		2
wing disc ML-DmD32		7
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		18
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		21
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		4
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		6
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		8
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		8
tumorous blood cells mbn2		11
ovary fGS/OSS		15
ovary OSC		19
ovary OSS		9
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to High expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		13
Schneider line 2 Sg4		4
embryonic 1182-4H		9
embryonic GM2		14
embryonic Kc167		10
embryonic S1		6
embryonic S3		12
leg disc CME L1		5
wing disc CME-W2		9
wing disc ML-DmD8		5
wing disc ML-DmD9		13
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		12
wing disc ML-DmD21		2
wing disc ML-DmD32		7
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		18
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		21
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		4
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		6
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		8
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		8
tumorous blood cells mbn2		11
ovary fGS/OSS		15
ovary OSC		19
ovary OSS		9
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		13
Schneider line 2 Sg4		4
embryonic 1182-4H		9
embryonic GM2		14
embryonic Kc167		10
embryonic S1		6
embryonic S3		12
leg disc CME L1		5
wing disc CME-W2		9
wing disc ML-DmD8		5
wing disc ML-DmD9		13
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		12
wing disc ML-DmD21		2
wing disc ML-DmD32		7
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		18
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		21
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		4
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		6
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		8
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		8
tumorous blood cells mbn2		11
ovary fGS/OSS		15
ovary OSC		19
ovary OSS		9
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high Extremely high

Heatmap
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
Schneider line 2 Sg4
embryonic 1182-4H
embryonic GM2
embryonic Kc167
embryonic S1
embryonic S3
leg disc CME L1
wing disc CME-W2
wing disc ML-DmD8
wing disc ML-DmD9
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
wing disc ML-DmD21
wing disc ML-DmD32
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
tumorous blood cells mbn2
ovary fGS/OSS
ovary OSC
ovary OSS

modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq

modENCODE Treatment Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High expression bin max
	Extremely high expression bin max

[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
	No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
	Very low expression (1 - 3)
	Low expression (4 - 10)
	Moderate expression (11 - 25)
	Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
	High expression (51 - 100)
	Very high expression (101 - 1000)
	Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		11
cold shock, 4-day adult		7
heat shock, 4-day adult		14
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		1
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		36
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		36
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		31
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		2
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		2
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		2
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		28
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		23
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		24
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		11
cold shock, 4-day adult		7
heat shock, 4-day adult		14
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		1
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		(36)
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		(36)
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		(31)
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		2
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		2
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		2
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		(28)
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		23
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		24
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to High expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		11
cold shock, 4-day adult		7
heat shock, 4-day adult		14
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		1
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		36
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		36
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		31
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		2
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		2
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		2
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		28
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		23
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		24
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		11
cold shock, 4-day adult		7
heat shock, 4-day adult		14
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		1
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		36
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		36
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		31
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		2
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		2
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		2
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		28
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		23
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		24
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Expression Level Scale		Extremely high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		11
cold shock, 4-day adult		7
heat shock, 4-day adult		14
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		1
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		36
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		36
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		31
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		2
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		2
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		2
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		28
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		23
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		24
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		11
cold shock, 4-day adult		7
heat shock, 4-day adult		14
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		1
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		(36)
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		(36)
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		31
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		2
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		2
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		2
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		28
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		23
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		24
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to High expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		11
cold shock, 4-day adult		7
heat shock, 4-day adult		14
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		1
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		36
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		36
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		31
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		2
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		2
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		2
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		28
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		23
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		24
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		11
cold shock, 4-day adult		7
heat shock, 4-day adult		14
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		1
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		36
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		36
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		2
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		31
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		2
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		2
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		2
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		28
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		23
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		24
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high Extremely high

Heatmap
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
cold shock, 4-day adult
heat shock, 4-day adult
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3

Expression Clusters

A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development.

External Data & Images

adult abdomen | maternal effect

BDGP expression data

•

LD28662

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

•

FBgn0003415

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

•

CG9936-RE;CG9936-RD

Alleles & Phenotypes

Summary of Allele Phenotypes

Lethality

Allele

lethal

skd^CB02029

lethal | embryonic stage | recessive

lethal | partially, with Scer\GAL4^da.G32

skd^Scer\UAS.cJa

lethal | recessive

partially lethal - majority die | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

skd^GD4134

viable

skd^EY07369

Sterility

Allele

fertile

skd^EY07369

Other Phenotypes

Allele

visible, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

skd^GD4134

visible, with Scer\GAL4^vg.PM

skd^Scer\UAS.cJa

visible | dominant | maternal effect

skd^L7062

visible | somatic clone

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

skd^L7062

antennal disc

crystal cell

embryonic/larval mouth

eye | somatic clone - Minute background

skd^T606

eye disc

leg | somatic clone - Minute background

skd^T606

maxillary palpus | somatic clone

skd^pap-53

mesothoracic bristle | somatic clone

skd^T606

mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

skd^GD4134

mitotic cell cycle

skd^L7062

photoreceptor cell

prothoracic leg | distal | somatic clone

skd^pap-53

prothoracic tarsal segment | somatic clone

skd^T606

sex comb | cell autonomous | ectopic | somatic clone

skd^pap-53

sex comb tooth | somatic clone

skd^T606

wing | somatic clone

wing disc | somatic clone

wing disc | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL

skd^Scer\UAS.cJa

wing margin, with Scer\GAL4^vg.PM

skd^Scer\UAS.cJa

Classical Alleles ( 45 )

For All Classical Alleles Show

Allele of skd	Class	Mutagen	Stocks	Known lesion
skd²	hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence	gamma ray	2	--
skd^5-HA-1505			1	--
skd^5-SZ-3488			1	--
skd^c02325			1	--
skd^CB-0435-3			1	--
skd^CB-6233-3			1	--
skd^CB-6297-3			1	--
skd^d02571		P-element activity	1	--
skd^d05830		P-element activity	1	--
skd^e02814		piggyBac transposase	1	--
skd^e04439		piggyBac transposase	1	--
skd^EY07369		P-element activity	1	--
skd^f04191		piggyBac transposase	1	--
skd^KG02102			1	--
skd^KG07333			1	--
skd^L7062		P-element activity	1	Yes
skd^NP3055			1	--
skd^NP7091			1	--
skd^rK760		P-element activity	1	Yes
skd¹⁰⁵²		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
skd¹⁸⁵⁵		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
skd¹	hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence	ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
skd^32A24		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
skd³			0	--
skd^5-HA-2435			0	--
skd^c01085		piggyBac transposase	0	--
skd^c06479		piggyBac transposase	0	--
skd^CB02029		P-element activity	0	Yes
skd^CPTI001170		piggyBac transposase	0	Yes
skd^CPTI001244		piggyBac transposase	0	Yes
skd^d06583		P-element activity	0	--
skd^d11225			0	--
skd^DG20805			0	--
skd^DOr		P-element activity	0	--
skd^EP3-532			0	Yes
skd^EP3375		P-element activity	0	--
skd^EP3443		P-element activity	0	--
skd^pap-1	loss of function allele	P-element activity	0	--
skd^pap-53		P-element activity	0	Yes
skd^T13		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	Yes
skd^T342		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
skd^T413		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	Yes
skd^T606		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	Yes
skd^T773		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
skd^unspecified			0	--

Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Allele of skd	Mutagen	Stocks	Known lesion
skd^GD4134	in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion	1	Yes
skd^HMS01305	in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion	1	Yes
skd^NIG.9936R	in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion	0	Yes
skd^Scer\UAS.cJa	in vitro construct - regulatory fusion	0	Yes

Aneuploid Aberrations

Disrupted in

Df(3L)BSC449

(Christensen et al., 2008.4.15)

Df(3L)BSC553

(Christensen et al., 2008.7.11)

Not disrupted in

Df(3L)Pc

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Df(3L)Pc-MK

(Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Df(3L)ri-79c

(Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Df(3R)ry615

(Kennison, 1992)

Transgenic Constructs & Insertions

Transgenic Constructs

Type of construct

Name

Expression data

UAS construct

Insertions

Type of insertions

Name

Expression data

insertion of enhancer trap

P{lacW}skd^L7062

P{lacW}skd^pap-1

P{PZ}skd^rK760

insertion of mobile activating element

miscellaneous insertions

insertion of enhancer trap binary system

P{GawB}skd^NP3055

P{GawB}skd^NP7091

P{M2ET-QF}ET6

Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 16 unique terms )

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 13 terms )

Molecular Function

CV term

References

protein binding

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9VT57

(assigned by UniProtKB)

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9VW47

(assigned by UniProtKB)

RNA polymerase II transcription cofactor activity

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProtKB)

Biological Process

CV term

References

cell fate commitment

inferred from genetic interaction with Scr

chaeta development

inferred from mutant phenotype

compound eye development

inferred from mutant phenotype

embryo development

inferred from mutant phenotype

imaginal disc-derived leg segmentation

inferred from mutant phenotype

positive regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Carrera et al., 2008)

regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProtKB)

sex comb development

inferred from genetic interaction with Scr AND inferred from mutant phenotype

inferred from mutant phenotype

wing disc dorsal/ventral pattern formation

inferred from genetic interaction with Bx, ap

(Bejarano et al., 2008)

Cellular Component

CV term

References

mediator complex

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProtKB)

inferred from physical interaction with Cdk8, CycC

nucleus

inferred from direct assay

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 5 terms )

Molecular Function

CV term

RNA polymerase II transcription cofactor activity

References

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with human THRAP1

non-traceable author statement

NOT
serine-type endopeptidase activity

non-traceable author statement

(Ross et al., 2003)

Biological Process

CV term

transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter

References

non-traceable author statement

transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with human THRAP1

Cellular Component

CV term

References

mediator complex

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with human THRAP1

non-traceable author statement

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Interactions & Pathways

Summary of Physical Interactions

protein-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

skd - CG12493

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

skd - CG15625

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

skd - CG30491

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

skd - CG32479

experimental knowledge based

skd - CG5623

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

skd - CG7185

experimental knowledge based

skd - Cdk8

experimental knowledge based

skd - MED11

experimental knowledge based

skd - MED14

experimental knowledge based

skd - MED15

experimental knowledge based

skd - MED16

experimental knowledge based

skd - MED17

experimental knowledge based

skd - MED18

experimental knowledge based

skd - MED23

experimental knowledge based

skd - MED30

experimental knowledge based

skd - MED4

experimental knowledge based

skd - MED7

experimental knowledge based

skd - MED8

experimental knowledge based

skd - Rrp45

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

skd - dsh

experimental knowledge based

skd - ebi

experimental knowledge based

skd - fan

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

skd - fh

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

skd - kto

experimental knowledge based

skd - ptip

experimental knowledge based

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interacts with

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

skd allele

Gene

References

skd¹

skd²

CycE

(Brumby et al., 2002)

E(z)

(Bajusz et al., 2001)

tna

(Gutierrez et al., 2003)

(Gutierrez et al., 2003)

unspecified

MED17

(Faucher et al., 2000)

(Gindhart and Kaufman, 1995)

Scr

External Data

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions

•

68707

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

•

FBgn0003415

InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

•

43906

Orthologs

OrthoDB Orthologs (43) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41

OrthoDB Ortholog Groups

OrthoDB orthology group searches

(Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288)

Drosophila inclusive ortholog search

EOG6FXRSV

Dipteran inclusive ortholog search

EOG6GF3P6

Insect inclusive ortholog search

EOG6893G9

Arthropod inclusive ortholog search

EOG695X6P

Metazoa inclusive ortholog search

EOG6SJJ6K

Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6FXRSV)

Organism

Common Name

Gene

AAA Syntenic Ortholog

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Drosophila melanogaster

fruit fly

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila sechellia

Drosophila erecta

Drosophila erecta

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila ananassae

Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura

Dpse\GA22138

Drosophila persimilis

Dper\GL26215

Drosophila willistoni

Dwil\GK13446

Drosophila virilis

Dvir\GJ16825

Drosophila virilis

Dvir\GJ12583

Drosophila mojavensis

Dmoj\GI16834

Drosophila mojavensis

Dmoj\GI22105

Drosophila mojavensis

Dmoj\GI13403

Drosophila grimshawi

Dgri\GH15559

Drosophila grimshawi

Dgri\GH25029

Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6GF3P6)

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Anopheles gambiae

Malaria mosquito

Agam\AGAP008747

Anopheles gambiae

Malaria mosquito

Agam\AGAP006436

Culex quinquefasciatus

Southern house mosquito

Cqui\CPIJ007864

Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6893G9)

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Apis mellifera

Western honey bee

Amel\GB46332

Nasonia vitripennis

Parasitic wasp

Nvit\Nasvi2EG006429

Acromyrmex echinatior

Panamanian leafcutter ant

Aech\AECH11946

Atta cephalotes

Leafcutter ant

Acep\ACEP23659

Camponotus floridanus

Florida carpenter ant

Cflo\CFLO18401

Harpegnathos saltator

Jerdons jumping ant

Hsal\HSAL20178

Linepithema humile

Argentine ant

Lhum\LH24320

Pogonomyrmex barbatus

Red harvester ant

Pbar\PB13992

Solenopsis invicta

Red fire ant

Sinv\SINV16042

Acyrthosiphon pisum

Pea aphid

Apim\ACYPI004534

Bombyx mori

Silkmoth

Bmor\BGIBMGA006686

Pediculus humanus

Human body louse

Phum\PHUM174820

Tribolium castaneum

Red flour beetle

Tcas\TC005449

Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG695X6P)

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\ITLN1

Ixodes scapularis

Deer tick

Isca\ISCW024555

Ixodes scapularis

Deer tick

Isca\ISCW022893

Ixodes scapularis

Deer tick

Isca\ISCW018800

Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6SJJ6K)

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Caenorhabditis elegans

Nematode

Cele\let-19

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\SPU_016372gn

Danio rerio

Zebrafish

Drer\med13b

Human Orthologs (0)

Gene

OMIM

HGNC

AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3

Organism

Gene

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila sechellia

Drosophila erecta

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila ananassae

Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura

Dpse\GA22138

Drosophila persimilis

Dper\GL26215

Drosophila willistoni

Dwil\GK13446

Drosophila virilis

Dvir\GJ12583

Drosophila mojavensis

Dmoj\GI16834

Drosophila grimshawi

Dgri\GH15559

Stocks & Reagents

Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 22 )

104358

w^*; P{GawB}skd^NP3055

123170

w¹¹¹⁸; P{RS3}skd^CB-0435-3

123991

w¹¹¹⁸; P{RS3}skd^CB-6233-3

124031

w¹¹¹⁸; P{RS3}skd^CB-6297-3

125224

w¹¹¹⁸; P{RS5}skd^5-HA-1505

VDRC

v13777

w¹¹¹⁸ P{GD4134}v13777

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones ( 1 )

BACR03J02

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones ( 51 )

Please Note

This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

LD28662

Other clones

LD48112

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi & Array Information

DRSC - Results from RNAi screens.

•

FBgn0003415

GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

•

43906

Antibody Information

polyclonal

Other Information

Discoverer

Kennison, 1984.

Etymology

'poils aux pattes' is French for 'hairy legs'.

(Fernandez-Funez et al., 2000)

Identification

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database identity of

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: pap bli l(3)rK760

(Treisman, 2001)

Source for merge of: pap CG9936

(Nairz, 2000.4.5)

Source for merge of: pap flytrap

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Source for merge of: pap l(3)L7062

Source for merge of: skd pap

(Gutierrez et al., 2003)

Additional comments

snoRNA:skd-a is encoded in an intron of skd.

(Graveley et al., 2011)

Source for merge of pap flytrap was sequence comparison (date:000315).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Other Comments

dsRNA has been made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene.

(Marr et al., 2006)

Both skd and kto are required to establish normal cell affinity differences at the anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral compartment boundaries of the wing disc.

skd and kto seem to act together to promote specific cell fate decisions, transmitting either a novel signal or a combination of signals.

(Treisman, 2001)

skd is required for the normal progression of photoreceptor differentiation in the eye disc and for the normal patterning of other imaginal discs.

(Treisman, 2000)

Loss of skd function appears to arrest cells in the eye disc at an early stage of their differentiation.

(Treisman, 2000)

skd is required for viability.

P-element-induced mutations have been isolated as dominant modifiers in combination with pb gain-of-function transgenes (HSPB). These modifiers are selected by their effects on specific cell identities sensitive to Ras85D signaling activities. One modifier, skd, favors the appearance of sex comb teeth on the more distal second tarsal segment of the T1 leg. skd also modifies the action of pb hypomorphs in mouthparts development, favoring the appearance of sex comb teeth on the adult labial palps. Animals lacking zygotic function die at the end of embryogenesis with mouthparts defects. Hypomorphic alleles from imprecise P excisions show abdominal defects and female sterility.

(Gindhart and Kaufman, 1995)

Sections of the Scr regulatory region may be important for regulation of Scr by Polycomb- and trithorax-group genes.

skd is one of the 18 loci identified in a screen for dominant modifiers of Pc and/or Antp phenotypes. Alleles of Pc, Pcl, Scm, Dll, brm, kto, Scr and trx show clear dominant enhancement or suppression of Antp^Scx, whereas alleles of vtd, Vha55, Su(Pc)37D, urd, mor, skd and osa do not.