FB2021_01, released Feb 18, 2021

Gene: Dmel\smo

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\smo
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
smoothened
Annotation Symbol
CG11561
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0003444
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
33 publicly available
Gene Snapshot
smoothened (smo) encodes a critical component of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. It is regulated by phosphorylation, dimerization, and cell-surface accumulation upon Hedgehog stimulation. The product of smo is also regulated by ubiquitin and other small molecules such as phospholipids. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Other Summaries
Also Known As

dSmo, smooth

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
21B7-21B7
Sequence location
2L:277,582..282,167 [+]
Recombination map

2-0.5

RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:277582..282167
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (34 terms)
Molecular Function (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate binding
inferred from direct assay
(Jiang et al., 2016)
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:cos; FB:FBgn0000352
(Fan et al., 2012, Jia et al., 2003, Ogden et al., 2003)
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:O16844
(assigned by UniProt )
(Zhang et al., 2005)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Sxl; FB:FBgn0264270
(Walthall et al., 2007)
enables protein homodimerization activity
inferred from direct assay
(Shi et al., 2011)
enables protein kinase binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:fu; FB:FBgn0001079
(Zhang et al., 2011)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables patched binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000885245
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
enables transmembrane signaling receptor activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR017981
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process (21 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (16 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ogden et al., 2008)
involved_in blastoderm segmentation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(van den Heuvel and Ingham, 1996)
involved_in Bolwig's organ morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Suzuki and Saigo, 2000)
involved_in compound eye morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kent et al., 2006)
involved_in eye-antennal disc morphogenesis
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:ptc; FB:FBgn0003892
(Shyamala and Bhat, 2002)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Chen et al., 2010)
involved_in mucosal immune response
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lee et al., 2015)
involved_in negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Firth and Baker, 2005)
involved_in ovarian follicle cell development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kirilly et al., 2005)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:dsh; FB:FBgn0000499
(Dai et al., 2017)
involved_in positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Claret et al., 2007)
involved_in regulation of apoptotic process
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:hid; FB:FBgn0003997
(Christiansen et al., 2013)
involved_in regulation of mitotic cell cycle
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhang and Kalderon, 2001)
involved_in regulation of stem cell differentiation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Huang et al., 2017)
involved_in segment polarity determination
inferred from mutant phenotype
(van den Heuvel and Ingham, 1996)
involved_in smoothened signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Han et al., 2019, Giordano et al., 2018, Sanial et al., 2017, Shi et al., 2014, Cheng et al., 2012, Zhou and Kalderon, 2011, Chen et al., 2010, Cheng et al., 2010, Raisin et al., 2010, Liu et al., 2007, Ogden et al., 2006, Apionishev et al., 2005, Jia et al., 2004, Zhang et al., 2004, Jia et al., 2003, Ogden et al., 2003, Ruel et al., 2003, Chen and Struhl, 1996)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:ci; FB:FBgn0004859
(Oh et al., 2015, Smelkinson and Kalderon, 2006)
inferred from direct assay
(Li et al., 2014, Ranieri et al., 2014, Carroll et al., 2012, Fan et al., 2012, Ranieri et al., 2012, Shi et al., 2011, Zhang et al., 2011, Zhao et al., 2007, Zhang et al., 2005, Jia et al., 2004, Lum et al., 2003)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:fu; FB:FBgn0001079
(Malpel et al., 2007)
involved_in somatic stem cell population maintenance
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kirilly et al., 2005)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in anterior/posterior lineage restriction, imaginal disc
traceable author statement
(Milan and Cohen, 2000)
involved_in central nervous system development
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000885245
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in commissural neuron axon guidance
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000885245
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000885245
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in smoothened signaling pathway
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000885245
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in wing disc anterior/posterior pattern formation
traceable author statement
(McNeill, 2000)
Cellular Component (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
colocalizes_with axon
inferred from direct assay
(Kuzhandaivel et al., 2014)
located_in cilium
inferred from direct assay
(Kuzhandaivel et al., 2014)
located_in dendrite
inferred from direct assay
(Kuzhandaivel et al., 2014)
located_in integral component of plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Carroll et al., 2012, Fan et al., 2012, Zhao et al., 2007, Denef et al., 2000)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Cheng et al., 2010)
located_in neuronal cell body
inferred from direct assay
(Kuzhandaivel et al., 2014)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cilium
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000885245
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
located_in dendrite
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000885245
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
located_in integral component of membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000139394
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000139394
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor Fz/Smo family. (P91682)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
SMOOTHENED-TYPE RECEPTORS -
smo is a Class F GPCR related to Frizzled GPCRs. It is a component of the hedgehog (hh) signaling pathway. smo is believed to signal via G protein independent and Gi-coupled pathways. (Adapted from FBrf0221081 and FBrf0201812).
Pathway (FlyBase)
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Core Components -
The hedgehog signaling pathway is initiated by hedgehog (hh) ligand binding to the extracellular domain of patched receptor (ptc), leading to the derepression of smoothened (smo) activity. Activation of the atypical GPCR smo results in the accumulation of the transcriptional activator form of cubitus interruptus (ci) and the derepression/activation of hh target genes. In the absence of hh, smo is repressed by ptc and ci is processed to a truncated repressor form. (Adapted from FBrf0220683 and FBrf0231236).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Segment polarity protein required for correct patterning of every segment. G protein-coupled receptor that associates with the patched protein (ptc) to transduce the hedgehog (hh) signal through the activation of an inhibitory G-protein. In the absence of hh, ptc represses the constitutive signaling activity of smo through fused (fu). Essential component of a hh-signaling pathway which regulates the Duox-dependent gut immune response to bacterial uracil; required to activate Cad99C-dependent endosome formation, norpA-dependent Ca2+ mobilization and p38 MAPK, which are essential steps in the Duox-dependent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to intestinal bacterial infection (PubMed:25639794).
(UniProt, P91682)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
smo: smoothened
Embryonic lethal. All denticles in abdominal segments point posteriorly. At 18 naked cuticle deleted and denticle belts of adjacent segments fused and locally arranged as mirror-image duplications.
Summary (Interactive Fly)

seven-pass transmembrane protein - the reception and transduction of the HH signal is mediated by its receptor Patched and by Smoothened - PTC and HH control SMO by regulating its stability, trafficking, and phosphorylation - SMO in turn interacts directly with Fused and Costal2, which interact with each other and with Cubitus interruptus in an intracellular Hedgehog transducing complex

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\smo for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
smo-RA
FBtr0078129
NM_078719
4008
1036
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

4.2 (northern blot)

(Alcedo et al., 1996)

4.1 (northern blot)

(van den Heuvel and Ingham, 1996)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
smo-PA
FBpp0077788
116.6
1036
8.95
NP_523443
AAF51518
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

1036 (aa)

(Alcedo et al., 1996)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with cos.

(UniProt, P91682)
Post Translational Modification

Phosphorylation by CkIalpha and PKA regulates smo accumulation at the cell surface and its signaling activity in response to hh.

(UniProt, P91682)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\smo using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
epithelial cell
• cytoplasm | apical

Comment: clustered apical distribution

(Lecuyer et al., 2007)
epithelium
• cytoplasm | apical
(Lecuyer et al., 2007)
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
pole plasm

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism
• pole plasm

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
central brain anlage in statu nascendi
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
antennal anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
antennal anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
inclusive hindgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
pars intercerebralis primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic dorsal epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
wandering third instar larval stage
wing disc
(Molnar et al., 2007)
embryonic stage 11
visual primordium | restricted
(Biehs et al., 2010)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage & larval stage & adult stage
(van den Heuvel and Ingham, 1996)
RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval fat body
(Suh et al., 2006)
Additional Descriptive Data

smo is present in both the posterior optic lobe and adjacent anterior optic lobe cells in mid stage 11 embryos.

(Biehs et al., 2010)

smo transcript is expressed throughout the wing disc.

(Molnar et al., 2007)

smo transcripts are expressed at all developmental stages.

(Alcedo et al., 1996)

smo transcripts are detected in embryos, larvae, and pupae on northern blots. They are most abundant in early embryos and adult females.

(van den Heuvel and Ingham, 1996)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
wandering third instar larval stage
wing disc anterior compartment
(Molnar et al., 2007)
third instar larval stage
wing disc
(Gao et al., 2013, Cheng et al., 2010)
wing disc posterior compartment | intense
(Gao et al., 2013)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male
spermatozoon
(Wasbrough et al., 2010)
western blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
wing disc
(Cheng et al., 2010)
Additional Descriptive Data

smo protein is localized to the anterior compartment of the wing disc; however, smo transcipt is distributed through the entire wing disc.

(Molnar et al., 2007)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
colocalizes_with axon
inferred from direct assay
(Kuzhandaivel et al., 2014)
located_in cilium
inferred from direct assay
(Kuzhandaivel et al., 2014)
located_in dendrite
inferred from direct assay
(Kuzhandaivel et al., 2014)
located_in integral component of plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Carroll et al., 2012, Fan et al., 2012, Zhao et al., 2007, Denef et al., 2000)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Cheng et al., 2010)
located_in neuronal cell body
inferred from direct assay
(Kuzhandaivel et al., 2014)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\smo in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 22 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 200 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of smo
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of smo
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 7 )
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
lethal (with Df(2L)BSC454)
lethal (with smo1K)
lethal (with smo2A)
lethal (with smo3)
lethal (with smo3J)
lethal (with smo4C2)
lethal (with smo4DI)
lethal (with smo4F4)
lethal (with smoIA3)
lethal | recessive
lethal | recessive | cold sensitive
lethal - all die before end of P-stage, with Scer\GAL471B
lethal - all die before end of P-stage, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
lethal - all die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4C-765
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
fertile, with Scer\GAL4C-765
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal immune response, with Scer\GAL4NP0001
abnormal mitotic cell cycle | cell autonomous | somatic clone
abnormal mitotic cell cycle | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
abnormal mitotic cell cycle | somatic clone
abnormal size, with Scer\GAL4MD-638
abnormal size | somatic clone
decreased cell number, with Scer\GAL4C587
decreased cell number | oogenesis | oogenesis | somatic clone
decreased cell number | somatic clone
decreased cell number | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PP
decreased occurrence of cell division | larval stage | somatic clone
decreased occurrence of cell division | somatic clone | third instar larval stage
increased cell death | somatic clone
increased cell number, with Scer\GAL4C587
increased cell number, with Scer\GAL4GMR25A11
increased occurrence of cell division | oogenesis | somatic clone
neoplasia | adult stage | female, with Scer\GAL4C587
segment polarity phenotype | cold sensitive
segment polarity phenotype | recessive | cold sensitive
short lived, with Scer\GAL4NP0001
some die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
some die during embryonic stage | recessive
some die during pharate adult stage, with Scer\GAL471B
some die during pharate adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
visible
visible, with Scer\GAL471B
visible, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
visible, with Scer\GAL4C-765
visible, with Scer\GAL4C-765, smo3
visible, with Scer\GAL4C-765, smo5A.UAS.Tag:FLAG
visible, with Scer\GAL4MD-638
visible, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
visible, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
visible, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1, smo3
visible, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1, smodsRNA.UAS.WIZ
visible, with Scer\GAL4ptc.PU
visible, with Scer\GAL4T80
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4C-765
visible | recessive | somatic clone
visible | somatic clone
wild-type
wild-type, with Scer\GAL4h-1J3
wild-type, with Scer\GAL4prd.RG1
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
1st posterior cell, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
1st posterior cell, with Scer\GAL4C-765
1st posterior cell, with Scer\GAL4C-765, smo3
1st posterior cell, with Scer\GAL4C-765, smo5A.UAS.Tag:FLAG
abdominal 1 ventral denticle belt
abdominal 2 ventral denticle belt
abdominal 3 ventral denticle belt
abdominal 4 ventral denticle belt
abdominal 5 ventral denticle belt
abdominal 6 ventral denticle belt
abdominal 7 ventral denticle belt
abdominal 8 ventral denticle belt
abdominal segment 10 anterior compartment
abdominal segment 11 anterior compartment
abdominal tergite 8 | somatic clone
adult abdominal segment anterior compartment
adult cuticle | somatic clone
adult head | somatic clone
adult thorax | somatic clone
anterior-posterior compartment boundary of the wing blade, with Scer\GAL4ptc.PU
anterior-posterior compartment boundary of the wing disc
Bolwig organ | germline clone
campaniform sensillum of anterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
cercus | somatic clone
costal cell, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
crossvein, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
crossvein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL471B
crossvein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
crossvein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4C-765
cuticle
denticle | germline clone | increased number
denticle belt
double row | ectopic | somatic clone
egg chamber, with Scer\GAL4c306
egg chamber | somatic clone
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | cold sensitive
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | germline clone
embryonic/larval dorsal branch, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
embryonic/larval tracheal system, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
embryonic epidermis
embryonic epidermis | cold sensitive
embryonic epidermis | germline clone
epandrium | somatic clone
epiproct | somatic clone
eye, with Scer\GAL4lz-gal4
eye | somatic clone
eye disc | cell autonomous | somatic clone
eye disc | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
eye disc | somatic clone
eye disc | somatic clone | third instar larval stage
female gonopod | somatic clone
follicle cell | somatic clone
follicle stem cell | somatic clone
germarium, with Scer\GAL4C587
germarium, with Scer\GAL4GMR25A11
germarium region 3 | somatic clone
germline cell | embryonic stage | germline clone
head capsule | somatic clone
hypandrial bristle | somatic clone
imaginal disc anterior compartment, with Scer\GAL4MD-638
lamina & neuron | precursor | somatic clone
leg | somatic clone
maxillary palp olfactory receptor neuron | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
maxillary palpus | somatic clone
medial ocellus | somatic clone | increased number
microchaeta
microchaeta | ectopic | somatic clone
morphogenetic furrow
morphogenetic furrow & nucleus | somatic clone
morphogenetic furrow | somatic clone
ocellus | somatic clone
ommatidial precursor cluster
ommatidial precursor cluster, with Scer\GAL4lz-gal4
ovariole, with Scer\GAL4c306
ovariole | somatic clone
photoreceptor cell
photoreceptor cell & neuron
photoreceptor cell | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
photoreceptor cell | somatic clone
photoreceptor cell R8 & eye disc | somatic clone
photoreceptor cell R8 | precursor
scutellum | somatic clone
spectrosome, with Scer\GAL4C587
stalk follicle cell | somatic clone
submarginal cell, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
surstylus | somatic clone
tergite | anterior | somatic clone
tergite anterior compartment
third segment of antenna | somatic clone
wing
wing, with Scer\GAL471B
wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing, with Scer\GAL4C-765
wing, with Scer\GAL4MD-638
wing, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
wing | somatic clone
wing blade, with Scer\GAL4C-765
wing blade, with Scer\GAL4MD-638
wing blade, with Scer\GAL4ptc.PU
wing blade | anterior, with Scer\GAL4C-765
wing blade anterior compartment
wing blade anterior compartment, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
wing blade posterior compartment | somatic clone
wing cell, with Scer\GAL471B
wing cell, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing disc | somatic clone
wing disc | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4MD-638
wing margin | somatic clone
wing pouch | somatic clone
wing vein
wing vein, with Scer\GAL4C-765
wing vein | ectopic
wing vein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL471B
wing vein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing vein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4C-765
wing vein | ectopic | somatic clone
wing vein L1, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing vein L2, with Scer\GAL4MD-638
wing vein L3, with Scer\GAL471B
wing vein L3, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing vein L3, with Scer\GAL4C-765
wing vein L3, with Scer\GAL4C-765, smo3
wing vein L3, with Scer\GAL4C-765, smo5A.UAS.Tag:FLAG
wing vein L3, with Scer\GAL4MD-638
wing vein L3, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
wing vein L3, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1, smo3
wing vein L3, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1, smodsRNA.UAS.WIZ
wing vein L3, with Scer\GAL4T80
wing vein L3 | proximal, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
wing vein L4, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing vein L4, with Scer\GAL4C-765
wing vein L4, with Scer\GAL4C-765, smo3
wing vein L4, with Scer\GAL4C-765, smo5A.UAS.Tag:FLAG
wing vein L4, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
wing vein L4, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1, smo3
wing vein L4, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1, smodsRNA.UAS.WIZ
wing vein L4, with Scer\GAL4T80
wing vein L4 | ectopic | somatic clone
wing vein L4 | proximal, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
wing vein L4 | somatic clone
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (18)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\SMO
13 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\FZD4
2 of 15
No
No
Hsap\FZD5
2 of 15
No
No
0  
Hsap\FZD8
2 of 15
No
No
Hsap\FZD9
2 of 15
No
No
Hsap\FZD10
2 of 15
No
No
Hsap\CORIN
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\FRZB
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\FZD1
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\FZD2
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\FZD3
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\FZD6
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\FZD7
1 of 15
No
No
1  
Hsap\MFRP
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\SFRP1
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\SFRP2
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\SFRP4
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\SFRP5
1 of 15
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (18)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Smo
13 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Fzd4
2 of 15
No
No
0  
Mmus\Fzd8
2 of 15
No
No
0  
Mmus\Fzd9
2 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Fzd10
2 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Corin
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Frzb
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Fzd1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Fzd2
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Fzd3
1 of 15
No
No
0  
Mmus\Fzd5
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Fzd6
1 of 15
No
No
0  
Mmus\Fzd7
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Mfrp
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Sfrp1
1 of 15
No
No
1  
Mmus\Sfrp2
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Sfrp4
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Sfrp5
1 of 15
No
No
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (18)
Rnor\Smo
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Fzd4
2 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Fzd9
2 of 13
No
No
Rnor\LOC100909849
2 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Corin
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Frzb
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Fzd1
1 of 13
No
No
0  
Rnor\Fzd2
1 of 13
No
No
0  
Rnor\Fzd3
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Fzd5
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Fzd6
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Fzd7
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Fzd8
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Fzd10
1 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Mfrp
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Sfrp1
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Sfrp2
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Sfrp5
1 of 13
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (20)
Xtro\smo
7 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\fzd4
2 of 12
No
No
Xtro\fzd5
2 of 12
No
No
Xtro\fzd8
2 of 12
No
No
Xtro\fzd9
2 of 12
No
No
Xtro\fzd10
2 of 12
No
No
Xtro\col18a1
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\corin
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\frzb2
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\frzb
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\fzd2
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\fzd3
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\fzd6
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\fzd7
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\mfrp
1 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\sfrp1
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\sfrp2
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\sfrp5
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\sfrpx
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\szl
1 of 12
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (24)
Drer\smo
12 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\fzd5
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\fzd8a
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\fzd8b
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\fzd9b
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\fzd10
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\col18a1a
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\corin
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\frzb
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\fzd2
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\fzd3a
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\fzd3b
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\fzd4
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\fzd7a
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\fzd7b
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\fzd9a
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\LOC101884738
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\mfrp
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\sfrp1a
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\sfrp1b
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\sfrp2
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\sfrp2l
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\sfrp5
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\szl
1 of 15
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (4)
Cele\cfz-2
2 of 15
Yes
No
Cele\mig-1
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\mom-5
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\sfrp-1
1 of 15
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
No records found.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
No records found.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
No records found.
Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09190272 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00000026
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\GD23013
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\GM16729
Drosophila erecta
Dere\GG24709
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\GE16703
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\GF20630
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Dpse\smo
Drosophila persimilis
Dper\GL25919
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\GK15298
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\GJ24666
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\GI17035
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH11546
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG0915014E )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17010407
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY003998
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes011262
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\GPRSMO
Anopheles darlingi
American malaria mosquito
Adar\ADAC003339
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ000410
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W0359 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth
Bmor\BGIBMGA008885
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\3778033620
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\GB53676
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP17278
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15210407
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH10183
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:00285c
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG002505
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_12680
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\smo
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Phum\PHUM190020
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\RPRC004966
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC002279
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI002697
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_04526
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X0325 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR004227
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW021763
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM68596.1
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM68595.1
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur17g01520
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_318256
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G04OK )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Smooth_1
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Smooth
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\smoothened
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\SMO
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (6)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
fz2
4 of 10
fz3
4 of 10
fz4
4 of 10
fz
3 of 10
CG1632
1 of 10
Corin
1 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Model Summary Ribbon
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
smodsRNA.UAS.cUa
model of  primary bacterial infectious disease
CEA
(Lee et al., 2015)
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
smo1
ameliorates  neurodegenerative disease
modeled by ptc559.1
(Gazi et al., 2009)
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
SMO; smoothened, frizzled class receptor
13 of 15
601500
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
    Select Layout:
    Legend:
    Protein
    RNA
    Selected Interactor(s)
    Interactions Browser
    View in Interactions Browser
    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
    protein-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    smo
    fluorescent resonance energy transfer, fluorescence microscopy, pull down, autoradiography, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, fluorescence technology, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
    (Jiang et al., 2016, Maier et al., 2014, Fan et al., 2012, Chen et al., 2010, Walthall et al., 2007, Zhao et al., 2007)
    smo - Cul4
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
    (Li et al., 2018)
    smo - Gprk2
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, pull down, fluorescent resonance energy transfer, fluorescence microscopy
    (Jiang et al., 2016, Chen et al., 2010)
    smo - Gβ13F
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
    (Li et al., 2018)
    smo - Hrs
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag western blot, pull down
    (Zhou et al., 2018, Fan et al., 2013)
    smo - Pka-C1
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, western blot, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation
    (Fan et al., 2019, Chen et al., 2017, Li et al., 2014, Ranieri et al., 2014)
    smo - Pp1-13C
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
    (Su et al., 2011)
    smo - Pp1-87B
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
    (Su et al., 2011)
    smo - Pp1α-96A
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
    (Su et al., 2011)
    smo - Pp4-19C
    pull down, anti tag western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation
    (Jia et al., 2009)
    smo - Rack1
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
    (Li et al., 2020)
    smo - Smurf
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
    (Li et al., 2018, Huang et al., 2013)
    smo - Sxl
    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
    (Walthall et al., 2007)
    smo - Ubi-p5E
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, covalent binding, anti tag western blot
    (Yang et al., 2013)
    smo - Ubi-p63E
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, covalent binding, anti tag western blot
    (Yang et al., 2013)
    smo - Uch-L5
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation
    (Zhou et al., 2018)
    smo - Uch-L5R
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
    (Zhou et al., 2018)
    smo - Ulp1
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
    (Zhang et al., 2017, Ma et al., 2016)
    smo - Usp8
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, pull down
    (Li et al., 2020, Ma et al., 2016, Fan et al., 2013, Li et al., 2012, Xia et al., 2012)
    smo - Vps36
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
    (Yang et al., 2013)
    smo - ci
    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, peptide massfingerprinting
    (Walthall et al., 2007, Lum et al., 2003, Ruel et al., 2003)
    smo - cos
    two hybrid, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, tag visualisation, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, western blot, fluorescent resonance energy transfer, peptide massfingerprinting, pull down, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, fluorescence technology
    (Li et al., 2014, Maier et al., 2014, Ranieri et al., 2014, Fan et al., 2012, Ranieri et al., 2012, Shi et al., 2011, Zhang et al., 2011, Liu et al., 2007, Ruel et al., 2007, Walthall et al., 2007, Jia et al., 2003, Lum et al., 2003, Ogden et al., 2003, Ruel et al., 2003)
    smo - flw
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
    (Su et al., 2011)
    smo - fu
    bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, two hybrid, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
    (Giordano et al., 2018, Ranieri et al., 2014, Ranieri et al., 2012, Malpel et al., 2007, Jia et al., 2003, Lum et al., 2003, Ogden et al., 2003, Ruel et al., 2003)
    smo - gish
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
    (Li et al., 2016)
    smo - krz
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, western blot
    (Jiang et al., 2018, Zhang et al., 2017, Li et al., 2012, Molnar et al., 2011)
    smo - mts
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
    (Su et al., 2011)
    smo - pic
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
    (Li et al., 2018)
    smo - ptc
    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation
    (Walthall et al., 2007, Johnson et al., 2000)
    smo - smg
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, two hybrid
    (Bruzzone et al., 2020)
    smo - smt3
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
    (Zhang et al., 2017)
    smo - wdb
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down
    (Su et al., 2011)
    RNA-RNA
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    smo - mir-12
    fluorescence technology
    (Friggi-Grelin et al., 2008)
    smo - mir-283
    fluorescence technology
    (Friggi-Grelin et al., 2008)
    smo - mir-5
    immunohistochemistry, luminiscence technology, necessary binding region, fluorescence technology
    (Wu et al., 2012)
    smo - mir-960
    luminiscence technology, necessary binding region, fluorescence technology, immunocytochemistry
    (Gao et al., 2013)
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    esyN Network Key:
    Suppression
    Enhancement
    View in Interactions Browser
    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    smo
    enhanceable
    apt
    (Wang et al., 2017)
    smo
    suppressible
    Cad99C
    (Lee et al., 2015)
    smo
    suppressible
    ci
    (Fu and Baker, 2003)
    smo
    enhanceable
    CkIIα
    (Jia et al., 2010)
    smo
    suppressible
    cos
    (Hooper, 2003)
    smo
    enhanceable
    cos
    (Ogden et al., 2006)
    smo
    suppressible
    dpp|eya
    (Pappu et al., 2003)
    smo
    enhanceable
    dsh
    (Dai et al., 2017)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)111
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)198
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)203
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)219
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)390
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)391
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)418
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)461
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)474
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)529
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)548
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)786
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)830
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)845
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)871
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)918
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)986
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)1124
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)1131
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)1171
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)1333
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)1338
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)1411
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)1414
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)1419
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)1422
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)1438
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)1485
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)1496
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)1551
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)1575
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)1644
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)1700
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)1736
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)1823
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)1824
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)1835
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)1857
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)1875
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)1889
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)2016
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)2038
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)2042
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)2047
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)2070
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)2101
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)2117
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)2135
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)2162
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)2169
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)2243
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)2281
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)2364
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)2515
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)2546
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)2576
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)2577
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)2578
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)2583
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)2590
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)2619
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)2640
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)A
    (Collins, 2005.7.7, Collins and Cohen, 2005)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)B-right
    (Collins, 2005.7.7, Collins and Cohen, 2005)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)E
    (Collins, 2005.7.7, Collins and Cohen, 2005)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)G
    (Collins, 2005.7.7, Collins and Cohen, 2005)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)M
    (Collins, 2005.7.7, Collins and Cohen, 2005)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)N
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    E(smoDN)O
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    eIF1A
    (Collins, 2005.7.7, Collins and Cohen, 2005)
    smo
    enhanceable
    eRF1
    (Collins, 2005.7.7, Collins and Cohen, 2005)
    smo
    suppressible
    eya|so
    (Pappu et al., 2003)
    smo
    suppressible
    fu
    (Malpel et al., 2007, Hooper, 2003)
    smo
    enhanceable
    fu
    (Hooper, 2003)
    smo
    suppressible
    gig
    (Kim et al., 2017)
    smo
    enhanceable
    gish
    (Li et al., 2016)
    smo
    suppressible
    gish
    (Li et al., 2016)
    smo
    enhanceable
    Gprk2
    (Li et al., 2016, Chen et al., 2010)
    gish|smo
    enhanceable
    Gprk2
    (Li et al., 2016)
    smo
    enhanceable
    hh
    (Wang et al., 2017, Casso et al., 2008)
    smo
    suppressible
    Hrs
    (Fan et al., 2013)
    smo
    enhanceable
    Hrs
    (Fan et al., 2013)
    smo
    enhanceable
    jaft
    (Collins, 2005.7.7, Collins and Cohen, 2005)
    smo
    suppressible
    JHDM2
    (Shalaby et al., 2017)
    smo
    enhanceable
    Kdm4A
    (Shalaby et al., 2017)
    smo
    enhanceable
    Kdm4B
    (Shalaby et al., 2017)
    smo
    enhanceable
    krz
    (Molnar et al., 2011)
    smo
    enhanceable
    lwr
    (Zhang et al., 2017)
    smo
    enhanceable
    M(smoDN)K
    (Collins, 2005.7.7, Collins and Cohen, 2005)
    smo
    suppressible
    M(smoDN)K
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    enhanceable
    Mad
    (Fu and Baker, 2003)
    smo
    enhanceable
    mirr
    (Collins, 2005.7.7, Collins and Cohen, 2005)
    smo
    enhanceable
    mts
    (Casso et al., 2008)
    smo
    enhanceable
    pav
    (Collins, 2005.7.7, Collins and Cohen, 2005)
    smo
    suppressible
    pav
    (Collins, 2005.7.7, Collins and Cohen, 2005)
    smo
    suppressible
    ptc
    (Casso et al., 2008, Collins and Cohen, 2005, Hooper, 2003)
    smo
    enhanceable
    ptc
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    suppressible
    S(smoDN)166
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    suppressible
    S(smoDN)189
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    suppressible
    S(smoDN)194
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    suppressible
    S(smoDN)204
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    suppressible
    S(smoDN)395
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    suppressible
    S(smoDN)1378
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    suppressible
    S(smoDN)1657
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    suppressible
    S(smoDN)2472
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    smo
    suppressible
    S(smoDN)2629
    (Collins, 2005.7.7)
    Pka-C1|smo
    suppressible
    sgg
    (Price and Kalderon, 2002)
    smo
    enhanceable
    smt3
    (Zhang et al., 2017)
    smo
    suppressible
    Stat92E
    (Liu et al., 2015)
    smo
    enhanceable
    Su(var)2-10
    (Zhang et al., 2017)
    smo
    suppressible
    swm
    (Casso et al., 2008)
    smo
    enhanceable
    tkv
    (Fu and Baker, 2003)
    smo
    enhanceable
    Trs20
    (Collins, 2005.7.7, Collins and Cohen, 2005)
    smo
    enhanceable
    TSG101
    (Fan et al., 2013)
    smo
    suppressible
    Ulp1
    (Zhang et al., 2017)
    smo
    suppressible
    wg
    (Quirk et al., 1997)
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    boi
    suppressible
    smo
    (Hartman et al., 2010)
    cos
    enhanceable
    smo
    (Ogden et al., 2006)
    Dl
    enhanceable
    smo
    (Da Ros et al., 2013)
    dsh
    enhanceable
    smo
    (Dai et al., 2017)
    E2f1
    suppressible
    smo
    (Ambrus et al., 2007)
    fu
    suppressible
    smo
    (Claret et al., 2007)
    Gprk2
    enhanceable
    smo
    (Molnar et al., 2007)
    hid
    enhanceable
    smo
    (Christiansen et al., 2013)
    krz
    suppressible
    smo
    (Molnar et al., 2011)
    L
    suppressible
    smo
    (Singh et al., 2005)
    Moe
    enhanceable
    smo
    (Molnar and de Celis, 2006)
    pnr
    enhanceable
    smo
    (Pena-Rangel et al., 2002)
    ptc
    suppressible
    smo
    (Gazi et al., 2009, Merianda et al., 2005, Mullor and Guerrero, 2000, Quirk et al., 1997)
    ptc
    enhanceable
    smo
    (Hooper, 2013.5.30, Shyamala and Bhat, 2002)
    slmb
    suppressible
    smo
    (Theodosiou et al., 1998)
    TkR99D
    suppressible
    smo
    (Im et al., 2015)
    External Data
    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
    Interacts with cos.
    (UniProt, P91682 )
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Core Components -
    The hedgehog signaling pathway is initiated by hedgehog (hh) ligand binding to the extracellular domain of patched receptor (ptc), leading to the derepression of smoothened (smo) activity. Activation of the atypical GPCR smo results in the accumulation of the transcriptional activator form of cubitus interruptus (ci) and the derepression/activation of hh target genes. In the absence of hh, smo is repressed by ptc and ci is processed to a truncated repressor form. (Adapted from FBrf0220683 and FBrf0231236).
    Metabolic Pathways
    External Data
    Linkouts
    KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
    Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    2L
    Recombination map

    2-0.5

    Cytogenetic map
    21B7-21B7
    Sequence location
    2L:277,582..282,167 [+]
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    21B7-21B7
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}spenk06805&P{lacW}l(2)k13604k13604 and P{lacW}U2af38k14504
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    2-0.5

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    2-0.0

    (Comeron et al., 2012)

    2-4

    (Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

    2-0.4

    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (33)
    Genomic Clones (18)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (38)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     

    polyclonal

    (Li et al., 2016, Maier et al., 2014, Ranieri et al., 2014, Fan et al., 2012, Xia et al., 2012, Su et al., 2011)
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
    Other Information
    Relationship to Other Genes
    Source for database identify of
    Source for database merge of
    Additional comments
    Other Comments

    smo protein promotes the relocalisation of fu protein from vesicles to the plasma membrane in response to hh signaling and reciprocally, fu protein controls the stability and phosphorylation of smo protein.

    (Claret et al., 2007)

    A region in the C-terminus of smo protein is sufficient for its interaction with fu protein (spans amino acids 985 to 1036).

    (Malpel et al., 2007)

    Phosphorylation activates smo protein by inducing a conformational switch. This occurs by antagonising multiple Arg clusters in the smo cytoplasmic tail. The Arg clusters inhibit smo protein by blocking its cell surface expression and keeping it in an inactive conformation that is maintained by electrostatic interactions. Phosphorylation disrupts the interactions and induces a conformational switch and dimerisation of smo protein cytoplasmic tails, which is essential for pathway activation.

    (Zhao et al., 2007)

    Identified as a component of the hh signalling pathway in a genome-wide RNAi screen. dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed affects the extent of expression of a hh signaling reporter construct in Clone 8 cells.

    (Nybakken et al., 2005)

    smo protein accumulates in the plasma membrane of cells that lack ptc activity, whereas when co-expressed with ptc, smo protein localises exclusively intracellularly, in distinct punctate structures.

    (Nakano et al., 2004)

    dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

    (Kiger et al., 2003)

    dsRNA made from templates generated with primers against this gene tested in a cl-8 cell reporter assay to examine any role of smo in the hh signalling pathway.

    (Lum, 2003)

    The last 301 amino acids of the cos COOH terminus are sufficient to provide full association with smo.

    (Ruel et al., 2003)

    Epistatic analysis places cos function downstream of ptc and smo.

    (Ruel et al., 2003)

    dsRNA corresponding to smo used in S2 cultured cell assay.

    (Ruel et al., 2003)

    17 alleles of smo have been recovered in a screen for mutations with smo-like mutant phenotypes in clones in the wing.

    (Vegh and Basler, 2003)

    Control of smo localisation appears to be a crucial step in hh signalling.

    (Zhu et al., 2003)

    ptc-smo signalling has a role in head morphogenesis to promote cell proliferation via activation of babo.

    (Shyamala and Bhat, 2002)

    ptc protein destabilises smo protein in the absence of hh protein.

    (Denef et al., 2000)

    The hh signalling components smo and ci are required in cells posterior to hh to maintain ptc expression, whereas fu is not necessary in these cells.

    (Therond et al., 1999)

    ptc protein normally binds hh gene product without any help of the smo gene product, though smo is also a part of the receptor complex that binds hh and transduces the hh signal. The mechanism of signal transduction may involve hh binding specifically to ptc and inducing a conformational change leading to the release of latent smo activity.

    (Chen and Struhl, 1998)

    Anterior cells in the wing that lack smo function no longer obey a lineage restriction in the normal position of the anterior-posterior boundary.

    (Blair and Ralston, 1997)

    Complementation and epistasis tests indicate that oro is not allelic to smo.

    (Epps et al., 1997)

    smo encodes a serpentine protein highly conserved in evolution.

    (Quirk et al., 1997)

    smo activity is required for transduction of hh but not wg. smo acts downstream from ptc to transduce the hh signal.

    (Quirk et al., 1997)

    Loss of smo function causes a hh-like phenotype.

    (Quirk et al., 1997)

    Morphogenetic furrow progression is significantly delayed, but not prevented, in smo clones.

    (Strutt and Mlodzik, 1997)

    smo is a putative receptor of the hh signal.

    (Alcedo et al., 1996)

    smo encodes a seven-pass membrane protein. In direction of increasing cytology: anon-21Ca+ anon-21Cb- smo+ anon-21Cc-

    (Alcedo et al., 1996)

    smo activity is required in wing anterior cells along the A/P boundary for these cells both to transduce hh and to limit its further movement into the anterior compartment. ptc regulates smo activity in response to hh signalling.

    (Chen and Struhl, 1996)

    In competition binding, cross-linking and co-immunoprecipitation experiments no binding of tagged hh protein to smo protein or its rat homolog could be detected, although hh protein can bind to the protein encoded by the mouse homolog of ptc.

    (Stone et al., 1996)

    Segment polarity gene smo is required for the response of cells to hh signalling during the development of both the embryonic segments and imaginal discs. Structure of the smo protein suggests it may act as a receptor for the hh ligand.

    (van den Heuvel and Ingham, 1996)

    The effects of removing smo gene activity from embryos in which hh or wg is ectopically expressed suggest a role for smo in the hh signalling pathway.

    (van den Heuvel and Ingham, 1995)

    All alleles are zygotic lethal, cold sensitive, at the lower temperature the phenotype of all alleles is quite variable suggesting that the gene may be maternally expressed.

    (van den Heuvel and Ingham, 1995)

    Direct wg autoregulation differs from wg signalling to adjacent cells in the importance of fu, smo and ci relative to sgg and arm.

    (Hooper, 1994)

    The smo gene acts downstream of wg in pattern formation.

    (Sampedro et al., 1993)

    Mutations in zygotic polarity gene smo do not interact with RpII140wimp.

    (Parkhurst and Ish-Horowicz, 1991)
    Origin and Etymology
    Discoverer
    Etymology
    Identification
    External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 53 )
    Sequence Crossreferences
    NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
    GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
    GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
    RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
    UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
    UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
    Other crossreferences
    BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
    Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
    Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
    Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
    Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
    GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
    iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
    InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
    KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
    modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
    SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
    FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
    FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
    FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
    FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
    Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
    InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
    KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
    Synonyms and Secondary IDs (9)
    Reported As
    Symbol Synonym
    CG11561
    (Meadows, 2017.1.11, Hosono et al., 2015, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Perkins et al., 2009, Perkins et al., 2009.3.31, Nybakken et al., 2005, Kim et al., 2004)
    SMO
    (Percival-Smith et al., 2017, Sanial et al., 2017, Marques-Pita and Rocha, 2013, Tran et al., 2013, Dahmann et al., 2011, Ingham et al., 2011, Stoll et al., 2010, Subramanian and Gadgil, 2010, Malpel et al., 2007, Plessis et al., 2007, Sanial and Plessis, 2007, Zhao et al., 2007)
    Smo
    (González-Méndez et al., 2020, Gorla and Bashaw, 2020, Li et al., 2020, Nishihara, 2020, Zhang et al., 2020, Fan et al., 2019, Han et al., 2019, Meltzer, 2019-, Meltzer et al., 2019, Giordano et al., 2018, Jiang et al., 2018, Lehmann, 2018, Li et al., 2018, Li et al., 2018, Zhou et al., 2018, Chen et al., 2017, Hsia et al., 2017, Li et al., 2017, Shalaby et al., 2017, Zhang et al., 2017, Zhao et al., 2017, Jiang et al., 2016, Lee et al., 2016, Li et al., 2016, Mbodj et al., 2016, Ulmschneider et al., 2016, Dorn and Dorn, 2015, Gurdziel et al., 2015, Khaliullina et al., 2015, Lee et al., 2015, Marada et al., 2015, Oh et al., 2015, Sharpe et al., 2015, Xiong et al., 2015, Jiang et al., 2014, Kuzhandaivel et al., 2014, Pichaud, 2014, Shi et al., 2014, Wang et al., 2014, Zhang et al., 2014, Bausek, 2013, Briscoe and Thérond, 2013, Chai et al., 2013, Chen and Jiang, 2013, Gao et al., 2013, Gao et al., 2013, Mbodj et al., 2013, Palm et al., 2013, Shi et al., 2013, Yang et al., 2013, Yousefian et al., 2013, Zhang et al., 2013, Cheng et al., 2012, Fan et al., 2012, Legent et al., 2012, Li et al., 2012, Robbins et al., 2012, Rojas-Ríos et al., 2012, Xia et al., 2012, Shi et al., 2011, Zhang et al., 2011, Chen et al., 2010, Jia et al., 2010, Mukai et al., 2010, Zheng et al., 2010, Ayers et al., 2009, Farzan et al., 2009, Mao and Freeman, 2009, González et al., 2008, Liu et al., 2008, Su et al., 2008, Wu and Mlodzik, 2008, Zhao and Jiang, 2008, Liu et al., 2007, Molnar et al., 2007, Walthall et al., 2007, Zhao et al., 2007, Beenken and Mohammadi, 2006, Fisher and Howie, 2006, Jiang, 2006, Ogden et al., 2006, Osterlund and Kogerman, 2006, Wilson and Chuang, 2006, Dawber et al., 2005, Jekely and Rorth, 2003, Kuwabara and Labouesse, 2002, Chen et al., 1999)
    dSmo
    (Sun et al., 2019, Chen and Jiang, 2013, Chen et al., 2009, De Rivoyre et al., 2006, Stone et al., 1996)
    smo
    (Basu et al., 2020, Bruzzone et al., 2020, Tu et al., 2020, Wang and Dahmann, 2020, Brodskiy et al., 2019, Li and Baker, 2019, Xu et al., 2019, Ahaley, 2018, Baldeosingh et al., 2018, Billmann et al., 2018, Tseng et al., 2018, Albert and Bökel, 2017, Dai et al., 2017, Garcia-Garcia et al., 2017, Lai et al., 2017, Lu et al., 2017, Recasens-Alvarez et al., 2017, Solis et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Li et al., 2016, Ma et al., 2016, Sarov et al., 2016, Im et al., 2015, Li et al., 2015, Liu et al., 2015, Lu et al., 2015, Matsuda et al., 2015, Rudolf et al., 2015, Zhou et al., 2015, Camp et al., 2014, Huang and Kalderon, 2014, Issman-Zecharya and Schuldiner, 2014, Karandikar et al., 2014, Li et al., 2014, Li et al., 2014, Liu et al., 2014, Maier et al., 2014, Piñeiro et al., 2014, Ranieri et al., 2014, Atkins et al., 2013, Avanesov and Blair, 2013, Bilioni et al., 2013, Chai et al., 2013, Da Ros et al., 2013, Fan et al., 2013, Geisbrecht et al., 2013, Hartman et al., 2013, Hooper, 2013.5.30, Hooper, 2013.6.26, Huang et al., 2013, Kupinski et al., 2013, Li et al., 2013, Nedelcu et al., 2013, Rana et al., 2013, Saunders et al., 2013, Spratford and Kumar, 2013, Yu et al., 2013, Zhang et al., 2013, Carroll et al., 2012, Cheng et al., 2012, Christiansen et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Jimenez-Sanchez et al., 2012, Krzemien et al., 2012, Rojas-Ríos et al., 2012, Wang et al., 2012, Wu et al., 2012, Bhattacharya and Baker, 2011, Marks and Kalderon, 2011, Molnar et al., 2011, Nicholson et al., 2011, Schilling et al., 2011, Su et al., 2011, Terriente-Félix et al., 2011, Toku et al., 2011, Zhang et al., 2011, Zhou and Kalderon, 2011, Biehs et al., 2010, Camp et al., 2010, Cheng et al., 2010, Chou et al., 2010, de Celis and Molnar, 2010, Firth et al., 2010, Hartman et al., 2010, Jia et al., 2010, Li et al., 2010, Lopes and Casares, 2010, Pospisilik et al., 2010, Raisin et al., 2010, Terriente-Félix et al., 2010, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Yavari et al., 2010, Zhou and Kalderon, 2010, Baker et al., 2009, Baron et al., 2009, Blanco et al., 2009, Deshpande et al., 2009, Firth and Baker, 2009, Foronda et al., 2009, Gazi et al., 2009, Jia et al., 2009, Khaliullina et al., 2009, Landsberg et al., 2009, Mosimann et al., 2009, Renault et al., 2009, Vied and Kalderon, 2009, Casso et al., 2008, Chen et al., 2008, Fan and Bergmann, 2008, Farzan et al., 2008, Friggi-Grelin et al., 2008, Gallet et al., 2008, Lim et al., 2008, Melicharek et al., 2008, Ogden et al., 2008, Schlichting and Dahmann, 2008, Tanaka-Matakatsu and Du, 2008, Terriente Felix and de Celis, 2008.1.16, Wang and Price, 2008, Ambrus et al., 2007, Bashaw, 2007, Bejarano et al., 2007, Beltran et al., 2007, Casso et al., 2007, Chen et al., 2007, Claret et al., 2007, Cook, 2007.7.24, Corrigall et al., 2007, Escudero and Freeman, 2007, Escudero et al., 2007, Goodfellow et al., 2007, Lecuyer et al., 2007, Molnar et al., 2007, Ruel et al., 2007, Smelkinson et al., 2007, Sweeney et al., 2007, Colosimo and Tolwinski, 2006, Croker et al., 2006, D'Costa et al., 2006, Kent et al., 2006, Lu et al., 2006, McLellan et al., 2006, Molnar and de Celis, 2006, Sisson et al., 2006, Smelkinson and Kalderon, 2006, Suh et al., 2006, Umetsu et al., 2006, Varjosalo et al., 2006, Vrailas and Moses, 2006, Vrailas et al., 2006, Yao et al., 2006, Zhou et al., 2006, Baonza and Freeman, 2005, Briscoe and Therond, 2005, Cabernard and Affolter, 2005, Deshpande and Schedl, 2005, Firth and Baker, 2005, Firth and Baker, 2005, Ishii, 2005, Jia et al., 2005, Kirilly et al., 2005, Merianda et al., 2005, Nybakken et al., 2005, Torroja et al., 2005, Wei et al., 2005, Xie et al., 2005, Zhang et al., 2005, Punzo et al., 2004, Raabe et al., 2004)
    Name Synonyms
    Smoothene
    (Hartman et al., 2010)
    Smoothened
    (Cui et al., 2020, Nishihara, 2020, Xu et al., 2019, Zhao et al., 2017, Ulmschneider et al., 2016, Lee et al., 2015, Wang et al., 2014, Bausek, 2013, Chen and Jiang, 2013, Fan et al., 2013, Huang et al., 2013, Shi et al., 2013, Wong et al., 2013, Yang et al., 2013, Cheng et al., 2012, Fan et al., 2012, Li et al., 2012, Rojas-Ríos et al., 2012, Molnar et al., 2011, Schilling et al., 2011, Shi et al., 2011, Camp et al., 2010, Chou et al., 2010, Jia et al., 2010, Mukai et al., 2010, Yavari et al., 2010, Zhou and Kalderon, 2010, Ayers et al., 2009, Blanco et al., 2009, Farzan et al., 2009, Gazi et al., 2009, Jia et al., 2009, Khaliullina et al., 2009, Mosimann et al., 2009, Farzan et al., 2008, Liu et al., 2008, Su et al., 2008, Wu and Mlodzik, 2008, Bangi et al., 2007, Bejarano et al., 2007, Casso et al., 2007, Claret et al., 2007, Escudero and Freeman, 2007, Malpel et al., 2007, Molnar et al., 2007, Plessis et al., 2007, Sanial and Plessis, 2007, Walthall et al., 2007, Zhao et al., 2007, Beenken and Mohammadi, 2006, Colosimo and Tolwinski, 2006, Maitra et al., 2006, Ogden et al., 2006, Panakova and Eaton, 2006, Wilson and Chuang, 2006, Dawber et al., 2005, Torroja et al., 2005)
    smooth
    (Sampedro et al., 1993, Parkhurst and Ish-Horowicz, 1991, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)
    smoothened
    (Li et al., 2017, Shalaby et al., 2017, Wieschaus and Nüsslein-Volhard, 2016, Matsuda et al., 2015, Xiong et al., 2015, Piñeiro et al., 2014, Ranieri et al., 2014, Avanesov and Blair, 2013, Da Ros et al., 2013, Nedelcu et al., 2013, Rana et al., 2013, Spratford and Kumar, 2013, Krzemien et al., 2012, Bhattacharya and Baker, 2011, Marks and Kalderon, 2011, Nicholson et al., 2011, Zhou and Kalderon, 2011, Cheng et al., 2010, de Celis and Molnar, 2010, Lopes and Casares, 2010, Terriente-Félix et al., 2010, Baron et al., 2009, Foronda et al., 2009, Landsberg et al., 2009, Casso et al., 2008, Fan and Bergmann, 2008, Lim et al., 2008, Ogden et al., 2008, Corrigall et al., 2007, Escudero et al., 2007, Sweeney et al., 2007, Zhao et al., 2007, Jones et al., 2006, Vrailas and Moses, 2006, Yao et al., 2006, Baonza and Freeman, 2005, Merianda et al., 2005, Hime et al., 2004, Hooper, 1997.1.29)
    Secondary FlyBase IDs
      Datasets (0)
      Study focus (0)
      Experimental Role
      Project
      Project Type
      Title
      References (642)