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Gene Dmel\sn

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\sn	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	singed	Annotation symbol	CG32858
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0003447
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	183 publicly available
Also Known As	fs(1)M45, CG1536, fs(1)K418
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	X	Recombination map	1-21.0
Cytogenetic map	7D1-7D2	Sequence location	X:7,858,057..7,880,634 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene singed is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\sn (CG32858, FBgn0003447). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Based on sequence similarity, it is predicted to have molecular function: actin binding. There is experimental evidence for 14 unique biological process terms, many of which group under: cellular component organization or biogenesis; single-organism developmental process; actin filament-based process; organelle organization; post-embryonic organ morphogenesis; cellular process; neuron differentiation; cell projection assembly; localization; wound healing; sensory organ development; system development. 220 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system; multicellular structure; sense organ; anatomical structure; organ system subdivision; adult segment; acellular anatomical structure; cell cluster organ; adult; embryonic/larval hemocoel. It has 4 annotated transcripts and 4 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Actin cross-linking; Fascin; Fascin domain; Fascin, metazoans. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 06-12 hour embryonic stages, at stages throughout the pupal period. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult eye, larval central nervous system, larval trachea. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult central nervous system, adult ovary, larval carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1622932_s_at completely aligns to an exonic region common to each of the 6 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of sn. Gene sequence location is X:7858057..7880634.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	sn: singed sn: singed From Mohr, 1922, Z. Indukt. Abstamm. Vererbungsl. 28: 1-22. Macrochaetae deformed, from short and gnarled to wavy, depending on allele. Similarly, microchaetae may be straight or wavy. Electron-microscope examination of developing bristle shaft shows flattened fiber bundles around periphery, which occupy but 5% of cross-sectional profile, compared to wild type, which have fiber bundles that are circular in cross section and occupy 20% of cross-sectional area [Overton, 1967, J. Morph. 122: 367-80 (fig.)]. Females homozygous for the most extreme alleles are completely sterile; vitellogenesis defective. Eggs laid by sn1 homozygotes are normal in number, but are short, blunt, and wrinkled with small blunt dorsal appendages [Mohr, 1922, Z. Indukt. Abstamm. Vererbungsl. 28: 1-22 (fig.)]. Sterility autonomous in transplants (sn1; Clancy and Beadle, 1937, Biol. Bull. 72: 47-56; Perrimon and Gans, 1983, Dev. Biol. 100: 365-73). Heterozygotes between female-sterile and fertile alleles are fertile, between female sterile alleles are sterile. sn36a Macrochaetae gnarled in a fairly extreme manner. Microchaetae wild type. sn36a is only allele to cause pronounced reduction in replication of oocyte nurse cell DNA [King and Burnett, 1957, Growth 21: 263-80 (fig.)]. Also causes more extreme retardation of vitellogenesis than other female-sterile sn alleles (Bender). sn36a sn4 homozygote has nearly normal bristles and is sterile. RK1. sn49 A strong allele of sn recovered from a natural population. Associated with simultaneous mutation to club wing, clw, a defect in wing expansion with low penetrance. sn49 is unstable, producing an array of derivatives that are in turn stable or unstable. and the expression of clw differs among them. It mutates to sn+ and back at a rate of approximately 10-3; a rare moderate singed derivative exhibits an approximately ten-fold elevation in mutation frequency, mutating either back to the strong allele or to an unstable normal allele; a single extreme singed derivative of a normal derivative of the moderate allele produces strong-singed and non-singed derivatives, which can in turn revert to the extreme allele and in the case of the strong derivative to non singed (Yurchenko, Zakharov, and Golubovsky, 1984, Mol. Gen. Genet. 194: 279-85). sn63-15 Moderate sn phenotype. Prototype type B mutable allele; mutation rate 0.1 to 1.2%. Produces both extreme singed and normal-appearing derivatives as well as an array of intermediate phenotypes. In addition strongly reversible alleles (25-50 x more mutable than parental allele) are produced. This allele also associated with increased rate of mutation to fw. sn77-27 Extreme sn phenotype. Prototype type A mutable allele; mutates to an unstable sn+, which mutates back to extreme alleles; no intermediate alleles recovered. sncm An allele of sn that is mutable in dysgenic but not in non-dysgenic genotypes. Mutation takes place in two directions; one is to apparent stable reversions and the other to a more extreme phenotype, snex, which is in turn unstable. snw: singed-weak Weak singed phenotype, probably class 2. Highly mutable in dysgenic genotypes; 40% to 60% of offspring are either normal (sn(+)) or extreme singed (sne) in phenotype. These derivatives are in turn mutable, but at much lower levels. Completely stable in non-dysgenic genotypes.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 7D1-7D2   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP1243 and P{EP}snEP1217
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 7D-7D   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Vieira et al., 1997) 7D1-7D2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (O'Hare, 1990) 7D1-7D2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Lozovskaya et al., 1993) 7D1-7D2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Paterson and O'Hare, 1991) 7C1-7D5   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Hasan, 1989) 7D1-7D2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Hawley et al., 1988) 7D1-7D2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Roiha et al., 1988) 7D2-7D2   Determined by deficiency mapping (details unspecified).   (Swan et al., 2001)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	1-21.0 (Mickey, 1963, Neel, 1942) 1- (Mohler, 1977)
Left of (cM)	mys fs(1)h Tbh (Monastirioti et al., 1996) mus111 (Mason et al., 1981)
Right of (cM)	cm ct (Johnson and Judd, 1979) sws (Monastirioti et al., 1996)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\sn for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.50 Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated. Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) sn-RA FBtr0071101  NM_167142   3101   512 sn-RB FBtr0071102  NM_167143   3358   512 sn-RE FBtr0301677  NM_001169226   2451   512 sn-RG FBtr0301679  NM_078521   2322   512
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	3.6, 3.3, 3.0 (northern blot) (Paterson and O'Hare, 1991)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein sn-PA   FBpp0071057   57.3   512   7.01     NP_727226   AAF46307 sn-PB   FBpp0071058   57.3   512   7.01     NP_727227   AAN09224 sn-PE   FBpp0290891   57.3   512   7.01     NP_001162697   ACZ95232 sn-PG   FBpp0290893   57.3   512   7.01     NP_511076   AAN09225
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	512 (aa); 57 (kD predicted) (Paterson and O'Hare, 1991) 512 (aa); 57 (kD observed) (Cant et al., 1994)
Comments	Bacterially expressed sn protein is able to bundle F-actin in vitro. (Cant et al., 1994)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Actin cross-linking (IPR008999) Fascin (IPR010431) Fascin, metazoans (IPR024703) Fascin domain (IPR022768)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA201985   AA202422   AA246257   AA246894   AA263397   AA263688   AA263842   AA391616   AA391923   AA392642   AA438317   AA438560   AA438993   AA440386   AA440865   AA440977   AA538860   AA539617   AA541233   AA695223   AA695225   AA696687   AA698553   AA802755   AA816620   AA816640   AA941017   AA942590   AA949377   AA950143   AA951863   AA979473   AE014298 AAF46307   AE014298 AAN09224   AE014298 AAN09225   AE014298 ACZ95232   AI257192   AI456691   AI457069   AI515909   AI516086   AI516861   AI518324   AY071706 AAL49328   AY071759 AAL49381   BG638151   BG638520   BI164010   BI166145   BI167957   BI168321   BI168372   BI169450   BI170943   BI171205   BI172001   BI173870   BI212290   BI213645   BI228420   BI232557   BI233186   BI234315   BI235858   BI236225   BI238453   BI239775   BI240517   BI356091   BI367121   BI367137   BI368128   BI369437   BI369827   BI370357   BI370577   BI370876   BI376096   BI481657   BI481819   BI481835   BI483621   BI485553   BI485595   BI563571   BI564079   BI564317   BI565130   BI565264   BI566228   BI567211   BI567599   BI567815   BI570592   BI571803   BI573188   BI573189   BI573339   BI573340   BI573345   BI573346   BI573955   BI573956   BI575853   BI576597   BI577020   BI578122   BI580039   BI582625   BI582736   BI583303   BI583709   BI584652   BI584748   BI584831   BI584917   BI585082   BI585106   BI585248   BI585866   BI586667   BI586835   BI587310   BI588853   BI588961   BI589368   BI590761   BI592655   BI593330   BI604259   BI606237   BI606802   BI608910   BI609084   BI609183   BI609588   BI611746   BI612340   BI613901   BI614499   BI614578   BI615207   BI615480   BI616411   BI618999   BI619865   BI620400   BI622075   BI622493   BI623637   BI625111   BI625736   BI626692   BI627217   BI629330   BI630112   BI630673   BI630844   BI631592   BI631693   BI631783   BI634189   BI634499   BI634806   BI634848   BP549949   BP549950   CK657285   CK661868   CL844363   CO185962   CO196462   CO265735   CO267720   CO268217   CO269735   CO271165   CO274076   CO275040   CO276092   CO276115   CO278082   CO280504   CO280528   CO280565   CO284714   CO285684   CO286783   CO287766   CO288694   CO290618   CO290802   CO293436   CO300693   CO301310   CO303097   CO303600   CO303811   CO305010   CO306201   CO308796   CO309968   CO311563   CO313644   CO314360   CO319035   CO322366   CO333632   CZ476863   CZ482152   CZ482153   EC065642   EC068482   EC070056   EC070414   EC070916   EC071497   EC073297   EC073444   EC076237   EC079468   EC080156   EC082297   EC082909   EC088477   EC196239   EC198892   EC199390   EC202269   EC202719   EC203455   EC207845   EC208434   EC210057   EC210697   EC211310   EC217098   EC222233   EC224244   EC225040   EC231821   EC233111   EC234611   EC237754   EC239890   EC240210   EC240643   EC241400   EC243159   EC243349   EC243924   EC244623   EC248884   EC249621   EC250340   EV575167   EV581693   EV586966   EV587230   GH941772   GH946581   GH947077   GH948107   GH950998   GH952695   GH953943   GH955429   GH957591   GH958135   GH959238   GH959273   GH961499   GH962530   GH964723   GH966524   GH967770   GH970630   GH971231   GH971771   GH973636   GH973706   GH974227   GH975598   GH977342   GH977933   GH982687   X17548   X17549 CAA35585   X17550 CAA35585
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	Q24524
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	A4V441 Q8SY66 Q8SY91
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 3   organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:maternally deposited embryonic stage 4 -- 6   organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 7 -- 8   head mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) trunk mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 9 -- 10   amnioserosa   (Fisher et al., 2012) antennal primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium central brain primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium visual primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium dorsal head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium lateral head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium ventral head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium head mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) plasmatocyte primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) trunk mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   amnioserosa   (Fisher et al., 2012) cardiogenic mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) central brain primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) dorsal vessel primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as dorsal vessel specific anlage lateral cord   (Fisher et al., 2012) longitudinal visceral muscle primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | faint & ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) plasmatocyte primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as plasmatocytes anlage tracheal primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) trunk mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) visceral branch primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as visceral branch specific anlage visceral muscle primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   embryonic brain   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic central brain neuron   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic dorsal epidermis   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic leading edge cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic ventral epidermis   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval dorsal vessel   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval nervous system   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval visceral branch   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval visceral muscle   (Fisher et al., 2012) lateral cord   (Fisher et al., 2012) lateral cord neuron   (Fisher et al., 2012) longitudinal visceral muscle fiber   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | faint & ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) plasmatocyte   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord   (Fisher et al., 2012) oogenesis | mid -- oogenesis | late   ovary   (Paterson and O'Hare, 1991) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | early     (Paterson and O'Hare, 1991) pupal stage     (Paterson and O'Hare, 1991) adult stage     (Paterson and O'Hare, 1991)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference pupal stage   tormogen cell   (Cant et al., 1994) macrochaeta   (Cant et al., 1994) socket   (Cant et al., 1994) oogenesis stage S9 & adult stage | female   border follicle cell   (Cant et al., 1994) oogenesis stage S10 & adult stage | female   oocyte   (Cant et al., 1994)
Additional Descriptive Data
	The sn protein is found in the cytoplasm of nurse cells and the cytoplasm of the developing bristles of the pupa. (Cant et al., 1994)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
actin cytoskeleton inferred from direct assay (Zanet et al., 2009) cytoplasm inferred from direct assay (Cant et al., 1994) colocalizes_with filamentous actin inferred from direct assay (Chanut-Delalande et al., 2006) neuron projection inferred from direct assay (Nagel et al., 2012) neuronal cell body inferred from direct assay (Nagel et al., 2012)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult eye, larval central nervous system, larval trachea. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult central nervous system, adult ovary, larval carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    733.8 Larval Midgut    65.4 Larval Hindgut    30 Larval Malpighian Tubules    66.8 Larval Fat Body    57.2 Larval Salivary Gland    12.8 Larval Trachea    983.3 Larval Carcass    130.6 Adult Head    334.8 Adult Eye    1488.325 Adult Brain    140.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    127.1 Adult Crop    14.3 Adult Midgut    28.6 Adult Hindgut    16.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    12.9 Adult Fat Body    21.2 Adult Salivary Gland    13.2 Adult Heart    11.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    11.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    17 Adult Ovary    343.3 Adult Testis    71.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    13.1 Adult Carcass    17.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (733.8) Larval Midgut    65.4 Larval Hindgut    30 Larval Malpighian Tubules    66.8 Larval Fat Body    57.2 Larval Salivary Gland    12.8 Larval Trachea  (983.3) Larval Carcass    130.6 Adult Head    334.8 Adult Eye  (1488.325) Adult Brain    140.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    127.1 Adult Crop    14.3 Adult Midgut    28.6 Adult Hindgut    16.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    12.9 Adult Fat Body    21.2 Adult Salivary Gland    13.2 Adult Heart    11.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    11.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    17 Adult Ovary    343.3 Adult Testis    71.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    13.1 Adult Carcass    17.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    733.8 Larval Midgut    65.4 Larval Hindgut    30 Larval Malpighian Tubules    66.8 Larval Fat Body    57.2 Larval Salivary Gland    12.8 Larval Trachea    983.3 Larval Carcass    130.6 Adult Head    334.8 Adult Eye  (1488.325) Adult Brain    140.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    127.1 Adult Crop    14.3 Adult Midgut    28.6 Adult Hindgut    16.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    12.9 Adult Fat Body    21.2 Adult Salivary Gland    13.2 Adult Heart    11.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    11.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    17 Adult Ovary    343.3 Adult Testis    71.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    13.1 Adult Carcass    17.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    733.8 Larval Midgut    65.4 Larval Hindgut    30 Larval Malpighian Tubules    66.8 Larval Fat Body    57.2 Larval Salivary Gland    12.8 Larval Trachea    983.3 Larval Carcass    130.6 Adult Head    334.8 Adult Eye    1488.325 Adult Brain    140.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    127.1 Adult Crop    14.3 Adult Midgut    28.6 Adult Hindgut    16.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    12.9 Adult Fat Body    21.2 Adult Salivary Gland    13.2 Adult Heart    11.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    11.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    17 Adult Ovary    343.3 Adult Testis    71.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    13.1 Adult Carcass    17.7 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    733.8 Larval Midgut    65.4 Larval Hindgut    30 Larval Malpighian Tubules    66.8 Larval Fat Body    57.2 Larval Salivary Gland    12.8 Larval Trachea    983.3 Larval Carcass    130.6 Adult Head    334.8 Adult Eye    1488.325 Adult Brain    140.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    127.1 Adult Crop    14.3 Adult Midgut    28.6 Adult Hindgut    16.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    12.9 Adult Fat Body    21.2 Adult Salivary Gland    13.2 Adult Heart    11.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    11.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    17 Adult Ovary    343.3 Adult Testis    71.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    13.1 Adult Carcass    17.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  733.8 Larval Midgut    65.4 Larval Hindgut    30 Larval Malpighian Tubules    66.8 Larval Fat Body    57.2 Larval Salivary Gland    12.8 Larval Trachea  (983.3) Larval Carcass    130.6 Adult Head    334.8 Adult Eye  (1488.325) Adult Brain    140.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    127.1 Adult Crop    14.3 Adult Midgut    28.6 Adult Hindgut    16.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    12.9 Adult Fat Body    21.2 Adult Salivary Gland    13.2 Adult Heart    11.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    11.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    17 Adult Ovary    343.3 Adult Testis    71.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    13.1 Adult Carcass    17.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    733.8 Larval Midgut    65.4 Larval Hindgut    30 Larval Malpighian Tubules    66.8 Larval Fat Body    57.2 Larval Salivary Gland    12.8 Larval Trachea    983.3 Larval Carcass    130.6 Adult Head    334.8 Adult Eye  1488.325 Adult Brain    140.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    127.1 Adult Crop    14.3 Adult Midgut    28.6 Adult Hindgut    16.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    12.9 Adult Fat Body    21.2 Adult Salivary Gland    13.2 Adult Heart    11.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    11.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    17 Adult Ovary    343.3 Adult Testis    71.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    13.1 Adult Carcass    17.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    733.8 Larval Midgut    65.4 Larval Hindgut    30 Larval Malpighian Tubules    66.8 Larval Fat Body    57.2 Larval Salivary Gland    12.8 Larval Trachea    983.3 Larval Carcass    130.6 Adult Head    334.8 Adult Eye    1488.325 Adult Brain    140.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    127.1 Adult Crop    14.3 Adult Midgut    28.6 Adult Hindgut    16.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    12.9 Adult Fat Body    21.2 Adult Salivary Gland    13.2 Adult Heart    11.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    11.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    17 Adult Ovary    343.3 Adult Testis    71.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    13.1 Adult Carcass    17.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    334.8   NA  Eye    1488.325   NA  Brain    140.9   733.8  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    127.1   NA  Crop    no informative data   65.4  Midgut    28.6   30  Hindgut    16.8   66.8  Malpighian Tubules    no informative data   57.2  Fat Body    21.2   no informative data  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    no informative data   983.3  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    no informative data   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    no informative data   NA  Ovary    343.3   NA  Testis    71.9   NA  Male Accessory Gland    no informative data   130.6  Carcass    no informative data FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    38 central nervous system, larvae L3    138 central nervous system, pupae P8    61 head, virgin 1-day female    33 head, virgin 4-day female    27 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    32 head, mated 4-day female    26 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    33 head, mated 4-day male    42 head, mated 20-day male    21 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    2 salivary gland, white prepupae    28 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    11 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    5 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    46 fat body, pupae P8    73 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    54 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    48 ovary, mated 4-day female    47 testis, mated 4-day male    8 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (38) central nervous system, larvae L3  (138) central nervous system, pupae P8  (61) head, virgin 1-day female  (33) head, virgin 4-day female  (27) head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female  (32) head, mated 4-day female  26 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male  (33) head, mated 4-day male  (42) head, mated 20-day male    21 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    2 salivary gland, white prepupae  (28) digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    11 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    5 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae  (46) fat body, pupae P8  (73) carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (54) carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (48) ovary, mated 4-day female  (47) testis, mated 4-day male    8 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    38 central nervous system, larvae L3  (138) central nervous system, pupae P8    61 head, virgin 1-day female    33 head, virgin 4-day female    27 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    32 head, mated 4-day female    26 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    33 head, mated 4-day male    42 head, mated 20-day male    21 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    2 salivary gland, white prepupae    28 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    11 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    5 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    46 fat body, pupae P8    73 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    54 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    48 ovary, mated 4-day female    47 testis, mated 4-day male    8 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    38 central nervous system, larvae L3    138 central nervous system, pupae P8    61 head, virgin 1-day female    33 head, virgin 4-day female    27 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    32 head, mated 4-day female    26 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    33 head, mated 4-day male    42 head, mated 20-day male    21 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    2 salivary gland, white prepupae    28 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    11 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    5 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    46 fat body, pupae P8    73 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    54 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    48 ovary, mated 4-day female    47 testis, mated 4-day male    8 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    5 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    38 central nervous system, larvae L3    138 central nervous system, pupae P8    61 head, virgin 1-day female    33 head, virgin 4-day female    27 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    32 head, mated 4-day female    26 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    33 head, mated 4-day male    42 head, mated 20-day male    21 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    2 salivary gland, white prepupae    28 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    11 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    5 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    46 fat body, pupae P8    73 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    54 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    48 ovary, mated 4-day female    47 testis, mated 4-day male    8 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (38) central nervous system, larvae L3  (138) central nervous system, pupae P8  (61) head, virgin 1-day female  (33) head, virgin 4-day female  27 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female  32 head, mated 4-day female  26 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male  (33) head, mated 4-day male  (42) head, mated 20-day male    21 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    2 salivary gland, white prepupae  28 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    11 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    5 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae  (46) fat body, pupae P8  (73) carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (54) carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (48) ovary, mated 4-day female  (47) testis, mated 4-day male    8 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    38 central nervous system, larvae L3  138 central nervous system, pupae P8    61 head, virgin 1-day female    33 head, virgin 4-day female    27 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    32 head, mated 4-day female    26 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    33 head, mated 4-day male    42 head, mated 20-day male    21 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    2 salivary gland, white prepupae    28 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    11 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    5 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    46 fat body, pupae P8    73 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    54 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    48 ovary, mated 4-day female    47 testis, mated 4-day male    8 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    38 central nervous system, larvae L3    138 central nervous system, pupae P8    61 head, virgin 1-day female    33 head, virgin 4-day female    27 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    32 head, mated 4-day female    26 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    33 head, mated 4-day male    42 head, mated 20-day male    21 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    2 salivary gland, white prepupae    28 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    11 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    5 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    46 fat body, pupae P8    73 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    54 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    48 ovary, mated 4-day female    47 testis, mated 4-day male    8 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 06-12 hour embryonic stages, at stages throughout the pupal period. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    74 embryo 02-04hr    90 embryo 04-06hr    56 embryo 06-08hr    56 embryo 08-10hr    85 embryo 10-12hr    126 embryo 12-14hr    83 embryo 14-16hr    76 embryo 16-18hr    39 embryo 18-20hr    19 embryo 20-22hr    34 embryo 22-24hr    27 larva L1    7 larva L2    15 larva L3 12hr old    6 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    10 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    35 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    67 white prepupae new    105 white prepupae 12hr    120 white prepupae 24hr    132 pupae 2d postWPP    185 pupae 3d postWPP    10 pupae 4d postWPP    14 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    8 adult male 30day    8 adult female 01day    22 adult female 05day    39 adult female 30day    37 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (74) embryo 02-04hr  (90) embryo 04-06hr  (56) embryo 06-08hr  (56) embryo 08-10hr  (85) embryo 10-12hr  (126) embryo 12-14hr  (83) embryo 14-16hr  (76) embryo 16-18hr  (39) embryo 18-20hr    19 embryo 20-22hr  (34) embryo 22-24hr  (27) larva L1    7 larva L2    15 larva L3 12hr old    6 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    10 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (35) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (67) white prepupae new  (105) white prepupae 12hr  (120) white prepupae 24hr  (132) pupae 2d postWPP  (185) pupae 3d postWPP    10 pupae 4d postWPP    14 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    8 adult male 30day    8 adult female 01day    22 adult female 05day  (39) adult female 30day  (37) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    74 embryo 02-04hr    90 embryo 04-06hr    56 embryo 06-08hr    56 embryo 08-10hr    85 embryo 10-12hr  (126) embryo 12-14hr    83 embryo 14-16hr    76 embryo 16-18hr    39 embryo 18-20hr    19 embryo 20-22hr    34 embryo 22-24hr    27 larva L1    7 larva L2    15 larva L3 12hr old    6 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    10 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    35 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    67 white prepupae new  105 white prepupae 12hr  (120) white prepupae 24hr  (132) pupae 2d postWPP  (185) pupae 3d postWPP    10 pupae 4d postWPP    14 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    8 adult male 30day    8 adult female 01day    22 adult female 05day    39 adult female 30day    37 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    74 embryo 02-04hr    90 embryo 04-06hr    56 embryo 06-08hr    56 embryo 08-10hr    85 embryo 10-12hr    126 embryo 12-14hr    83 embryo 14-16hr    76 embryo 16-18hr    39 embryo 18-20hr    19 embryo 20-22hr    34 embryo 22-24hr    27 larva L1    7 larva L2    15 larva L3 12hr old    6 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    10 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    35 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    67 white prepupae new    105 white prepupae 12hr    120 white prepupae 24hr    132 pupae 2d postWPP    185 pupae 3d postWPP    10 pupae 4d postWPP    14 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    8 adult male 30day    8 adult female 01day    22 adult female 05day    39 adult female 30day    37 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    74 embryo 02-04hr    90 embryo 04-06hr    56 embryo 06-08hr    56 embryo 08-10hr    85 embryo 10-12hr    126 embryo 12-14hr    83 embryo 14-16hr    76 embryo 16-18hr    39 embryo 18-20hr    19 embryo 20-22hr    34 embryo 22-24hr    27 larva L1    7 larva L2    15 larva L3 12hr old    6 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    10 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    35 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    67 white prepupae new    105 white prepupae 12hr    120 white prepupae 24hr    132 pupae 2d postWPP    185 pupae 3d postWPP    10 pupae 4d postWPP    14 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    8 adult male 30day    8 adult female 01day    22 adult female 05day    39 adult female 30day    37 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (74) embryo 02-04hr  (90) embryo 04-06hr  (56) embryo 06-08hr  (56) embryo 08-10hr  (85) embryo 10-12hr  (126) embryo 12-14hr  (83) embryo 14-16hr  (76) embryo 16-18hr  (39) embryo 18-20hr    19 embryo 20-22hr  (34) embryo 22-24hr  27 larva L1    7 larva L2    15 larva L3 12hr old    6 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    10 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (35) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (67) white prepupae new  (105) white prepupae 12hr  (120) white prepupae 24hr  (132) pupae 2d postWPP  (185) pupae 3d postWPP    10 pupae 4d postWPP    14 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    8 adult male 30day    8 adult female 01day    22 adult female 05day  (39) adult female 30day  (37) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    74 embryo 02-04hr    90 embryo 04-06hr    56 embryo 06-08hr    56 embryo 08-10hr    85 embryo 10-12hr  126 embryo 12-14hr    83 embryo 14-16hr    76 embryo 16-18hr    39 embryo 18-20hr    19 embryo 20-22hr    34 embryo 22-24hr    27 larva L1    7 larva L2    15 larva L3 12hr old    6 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    10 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    35 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    67 white prepupae new  105 white prepupae 12hr  120 white prepupae 24hr  132 pupae 2d postWPP  (185) pupae 3d postWPP    10 pupae 4d postWPP    14 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    8 adult male 30day    8 adult female 01day    22 adult female 05day    39 adult female 30day    37 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    74 embryo 02-04hr    90 embryo 04-06hr    56 embryo 06-08hr    56 embryo 08-10hr    85 embryo 10-12hr    126 embryo 12-14hr    83 embryo 14-16hr    76 embryo 16-18hr    39 embryo 18-20hr    19 embryo 20-22hr    34 embryo 22-24hr    27 larva L1    7 larva L2    15 larva L3 12hr old    6 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    10 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    35 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    67 white prepupae new    105 white prepupae 12hr    120 white prepupae 24hr    132 pupae 2d postWPP    185 pupae 3d postWPP    10 pupae 4d postWPP    14 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    8 adult male 30day    8 adult female 01day    22 adult female 05day    39 adult female 30day    37 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    3 Schneider line 2 Sg4    2 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    3 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    1 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    8 wing disc ML-DmD8    151 wing disc ML-DmD9    39 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    6 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    3 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    28 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    23 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    120 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    18 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    1 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    3 ovary OSC    15 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    3 Schneider line 2 Sg4    2 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    3 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    1 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    8 wing disc ML-DmD8  (151) wing disc ML-DmD9  (39) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    6 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    3 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (28) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    23 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (120) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    18 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    1 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    3 ovary OSC    15 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    3 Schneider line 2 Sg4    2 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    3 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    1 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    8 wing disc ML-DmD8  (151) wing disc ML-DmD9    39 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    6 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    3 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    28 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    23 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (120) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    18 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    1 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    3 ovary OSC    15 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    3 Schneider line 2 Sg4    2 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    3 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    1 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    8 wing disc ML-DmD8    151 wing disc ML-DmD9    39 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    6 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    3 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    28 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    23 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    120 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    18 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    1 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    3 ovary OSC    15 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    3 Schneider line 2 Sg4    2 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    3 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    1 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    8 wing disc ML-DmD8    151 wing disc ML-DmD9    39 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    6 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    3 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    28 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    23 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    120 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    18 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    1 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    3 ovary OSC    15 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    3 Schneider line 2 Sg4    2 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    3 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    1 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    8 wing disc ML-DmD8  (151) wing disc ML-DmD9  (39) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    6 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    3 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  28 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    23 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (120) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    18 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    1 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    3 ovary OSC    15 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    3 Schneider line 2 Sg4    2 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    3 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    1 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    8 wing disc ML-DmD8  (151) wing disc ML-DmD9    39 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    6 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    3 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    28 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    23 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  120 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    18 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    1 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    3 ovary OSC    15 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    3 Schneider line 2 Sg4    2 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    3 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    1 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    8 wing disc ML-DmD8    151 wing disc ML-DmD9    39 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    6 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    3 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    28 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    23 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    120 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    18 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    1 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    3 ovary OSC    15 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    19 cold shock, 4-day adult    16 heat shock, 4-day adult    14 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    68 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    26 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    5 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    32 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    19 cold shock, 4-day adult    16 heat shock, 4-day adult    14 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (37) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (68) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  26 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    5 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (32) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    19 cold shock, 4-day adult    16 heat shock, 4-day adult    14 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    68 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    26 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    5 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    32 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    19 cold shock, 4-day adult    16 heat shock, 4-day adult    14 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    68 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    26 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    5 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    32 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    19 cold shock, 4-day adult    16 heat shock, 4-day adult    14 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    68 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    26 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    5 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    32 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    19 cold shock, 4-day adult    16 heat shock, 4-day adult    14 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (37) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (68) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  26 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    5 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  32 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    19 cold shock, 4-day adult    16 heat shock, 4-day adult    14 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    68 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    26 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    5 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    32 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    19 cold shock, 4-day adult    16 heat shock, 4-day adult    14 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    68 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    26 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    5 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    32 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_05 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_02
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • RH22377 RH62992 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003447 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG32858-RC FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for sn Stages(s) 1-3 Stages(s) 4-6 Stages(s) 7-8 Stages(s) 9-10 Stages(s) 11-12 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | embryonic stage | maternal effect | recessive snunspecified viable sn3 sn68 snAL2 snEY10809 snMR39B1 snP1 snP2 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 snGD8993 viable | female sn63a Sterility Allele female fertile sn2 sn3 sn4 sn7-27 sn7-55 sn7 sn8 sn9-152 sn9 sn11 sn26-7 sn29-11 sn33-13 sn34e sn42-5 sn46a sn48h sn50-18 sn55a sn61k2 sn84-6 sn90-9 sncm snG409E snqr snw female fertile | reduced sneP1 female sterile sn1 sn2-2 sn5 sn5S sn28 sn31f sn36a sn37b sn39k sn41i sn44-12 sn49-5 sn49h sn50k sn57c sn61k sn63a sn65a sn68 sn73-8 sn77-27 sn77 sn79-15 sn79-22 sn79b10 sn79f22 sn79h2 sn83i7(1) sn83i7(2) sn83i7(3) sn83i7(17) sn184 snA1 snA2.4 snc snCFL3 snK1 snK2 snK3 snK4 snM1 snM2 snM3 snM4 snMH26.5 snX2 female sterile | partially | recessive snP2 female sterile | recessive snK snS289N snunspecified snX2 fertile sn2 sn3 sn4 snAL2 snEY10809 snMR39B1 snP1 snp845 male fertile sn3 sn63a sn68 snX2 sterile sn36a snX2 sterile | recessive sn28 snS289N Other Phenotypes Allele cell migration defective sn28 cell polarity defective | embryonic stage 15 sn28 neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4477 snS52A.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\KO-mKO snS52D.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\KO-mKO snScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\KO-mKO neuroanatomy defective | third instar larval stage sn3 sn36a visible sn1 sn2 sn3 sn4 sn34e sn49 sn68 snK snm-875 snP1 snP2 sns-1-73 sns-880 snX2 visible | recessive sn3 snBL1 snBL2 snBL3 snBL4 snBL5 snBL6 snBP1 snBP2 snBP3 snMR39B1 sns23 snS289N Phenotype manifest in Allele actin filament & egg chamber snX2 actin filament & neuron (with sn3) snX2 actin filament & neuron (with snX2) sn3 arista sn3 chaeta snP1 snP2 denticle sn3 denticle belt sn1 sn2 sn3 sn34e sn4 snX2 dorsal appendage snunspecified dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC, with Scer\GAL4477 snScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\KO-mKO snS52A.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\KO-mKO snS52D.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\KO-mKO egg sn28 snG409E snS289N snSupS289N snX2 egg | maternal effect snunspecified egg chamber sn28 snS289N lateral multidendritic neuron ldaB | third instar larval stage sn3 sn36a macrochaeta sn1 sn11 sn116 sn121 sn2 sn2-2 sn26-7 sn28 sn29-11 sn3 sn31f sn33-13 sn34e sn36a sn37b sn39k sn4 sn41i sn42-5 sn44-12 sn46a sn48h sn49 sn49-5 sn49h sn5 sn50-18 sn50k sn55a sn57c sn5S sn61k sn61k2 sn65a sn68 sn7 sn7-27 sn7-55 sn73-8 sn77-27 sn79-15 sn79-22 sn79b10 sn79f22 sn79h2 sn8 sn83i7(1) sn83i7(17) sn83i7(2) sn83i7(3) sn84-6 sn9 sn9-152 sn90-9 snA1 snA2.4 snBG00203 snBG00775 snBG00776 snCFL3 snG409E snK snK1 snK2 snK3 snK4 snM1 snM2 snM3 snM4 snMH26.5 snMR39B1 snS289N snSupS289N snX2 snc sncm snm-875 snqr sns-1-73 sns-880 snw macrochaeta & actin filament snS289N snX2 macrochaeta | adult stage sn3 macrophage sn28 microchaeta sn2-2 sn26-7 sn29-11 sn3 sn31f sn33-13a sn37b sn39k sn41i sn42 sn42-5 sn44-12 sn49-5 sn49h sn50k sn55a sn57c sn61k sn61k2 sn63-15 sn63-15a sn68 sn7 sn7-27 sn7-55 sn73-8 sn77-27 sn79-22 sn79b10 sn79f22 sn79h2 sn8 sn83i7(1) sn83i7(17) sn83i7(2) sn83i7(3) sn84-6 sn84-6a sn88-9 sn9-152 snA1 snA2.4 snCFL3 snK1 snK2 snK3 snK4 snM1 snM2 snM3 snM4 snMH26.5 snMR39B1 snS289N snX2 snc sncm snqr snw microchaeta & actin filament sn3 neuron sn3 neuron (with sn3) snX2 neuron (with snX2) sn3 nurse cell sn28 snG409E snS289N snSupS289N nurse cell & nucleus sn184 sn77 nurse cell | oogenesis stage S10 sn28 nurse cell ring canal snX2 oocyte snS289N plasmatocyte | embryonic stage 14 sn28 snX2 plasmatocyte | embryonic stage 15 sn28 wing hair sn3
Classical Alleles ( 204 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of sn Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion sn3 spontaneous 89 Yes sn1 spontaneous 27 Yes snX2 X ray 25 Yes sn+ 21 -- snw PM hybrid dysgenesis 4 Yes sn2 spontaneous 2 Yes sn34e 1 Yes sn36a hypomorphic allele - molecular evidence spontaneous 1 Yes sn4 spontaneous 1 Yes sn5-HA-1875 1 -- sn5-HA-2488 1 -- snAL2 P-element activity 1 -- snCB-5897-3 1 -- snd09656 P-element activity 1 -- sne04392 piggyBac transposase 1 -- snEP1217 P-element activity 1 -- snEY10809 P-element activity 1 -- snG983 P-element activity 1 -- snGK4 spontaneous 1 -- snP1 P-element activity 1 Yes snP2 P-element activity 1 Yes snqr spontaneous 1 -- sn28 loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sn(+) wild-type allele PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes sn+-871 spontaneous 0 Yes sn+-878 spontaneous 0 Yes sn+35 wild-type allele spontaneous 0 -- sn+56 wild-type allele spontaneous 0 -- sn+P11 0 Yes sn+P12 0 Yes sn+Z spontaneous 0 -- sn110 spontaneous 0 Yes sn116 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sn11 spontaneous 0 -- sn121 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sn13a1 X ray 0 Yes sn1421 0 -- sn14e PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes sn15 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes sn17 spontaneous 0 Yes sn184 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sn19 0 -- sn19Bb5 X ray 0 -- sn2-2 spontaneous 0 -- sn26-7 spontaneous 0 -- sn27-10 bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide 0 -- sn27-49 bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide 0 -- sn29-11 spontaneous 0 -- sn29-1 X ray 0 -- sn31f X ray 0 -- sn33-13 spontaneous 0 -- sn33-13a spontaneous 0 -- sn34p PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- sn37b spontaneous 0 -- sn39k spontaneous 0 -- sn41b11 spontaneous 0 -- sn41c29 spontaneous 0 -- sn41i spontaneous 0 -- sn41l28 spontaneous 0 -- sn42-5 spontaneous 0 -- sn42 spontaneous 0 -- sn42a21 spontaneous 0 -- sn42b20 spontaneous 0 -- sn44-12 spontaneous 0 -- sn45-7 spontaneous 0 -- sn46a X ray 0 -- sn48h X ray 0 -- sn49-5 spontaneous 0 -- sn49 natural population 0 -- sn49h spontaneous 0 -- sn50-18 spontaneous 0 -- sn50e 0 -- sn50k 0 Yes sn55a spontaneous 0 -- sn57c spontaneous 0 -- sn5 spontaneous 0 Yes sn5S spontaneous 0 Yes sn61k2 gamma ray 0 -- sn61k gamma ray 0 -- sn63-15 spontaneous 0 -- sn63-15a spontaneous 0 -- sn633-45 0 -- sn63a radio waves 0 -- sn63b radio waves 0 -- sn65a X ray 0 -- sn68 N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine 0 -- sn7-27 spontaneous 0 -- sn7-55 spontaneous 0 -- sn73-8 spontaneous 0 -- sn77-27 spontaneous 0 -- sn77 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sn78 spontaneous 0 -- sn79-15 X ray 0 -- sn79-22 0 -- sn79b10 P-element activity PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes sn79f22 P-element activity PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes sn79h2 P-element activity PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes sn7 spontaneous 0 -- sn83i7(1) P-element activity PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes sn83i7(15) PM hybrid dysgenesis P-element activity 0 Yes sn83i7(17) P-element activity PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes sn83i7(2) P-element activity PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes sn83i7(3) P-element activity PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes sn84-6 spontaneous 0 -- sn84-6a spontaneous 0 -- sn88-9 spontaneous 0 -- sn8 spontaneous 0 -- sn9-152 spontaneous 0 -- sn90-9 spontaneous 0 -- sn9 spontaneous 0 -- sn9e PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes snA1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- snA2.4 P-element activity PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes snA spontaneous 0 -- snB332.1 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes snB337.2 P-element activity PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes snB spontaneous 0 -- snBG00203 P-element activity 0 Yes snBG00775 P-element activity 0 Yes snBG00776 P-element activity 0 Yes snBL10 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- snBL11 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- snBL1 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- snBL2 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- snBL3 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- snBL4 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes snBL5 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes snBL6 P-element activity PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes snBL8 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- snBL9 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes snBP10 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- snBP1 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes snBP2 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes snBP3 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes snBP4 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- snBP5 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes snBP6 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- snBP7 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- snBP8 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes snC75.4 P-element activity 0 Yes snc spontaneous 0 -- snCFL3 P-element activity PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes snCFL5 PM hybrid dysgenesis P-element activity 0 Yes sncm PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes sne PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes sneP1 P-element activity 0 Yes snext PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- snG409E ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes snGG01043 0 -- snGG01100 0 -- snGN1 P-element activity 0 -- snGN2 P-element activity 0 -- snGN3 P-element activity 0 -- snGN4 P-element activity 0 -- snGN5 P-element activity 0 -- snGN6 P-element activity 0 -- snh12-1 MR 0 -- snh12-2 MR 0 -- snh12-3 MR 0 -- snh12-4 MR 0 -- snh12-5 MR 0 -- snh12-6 MR 0 -- snhd7#46rv PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- snK1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- snK2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- snK3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- snK4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- snK 0 -- snKH36 PM hybrid dysgenesis P-element activity 0 Yes snKH40 PM hybrid dysgenesis P-element activity 0 Yes snKHL1 PM hybrid dysgenesis P-element activity 0 Yes snKHL3 PM hybrid dysgenesis P-element activity 0 Yes snKHL4 PM hybrid dysgenesis P-element activity 0 Yes snKHL5 PM hybrid dysgenesis P-element activity 0 Yes snm-875 spontaneous 0 Yes snM1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- snM2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- snM3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- snM4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- snm90667 natural population 0 -- snMH18.2 PM hybrid dysgenesis P-element activity 0 Yes snMH26.5 P-element activity PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes snMI17 PM hybrid dysgenesis P-element activity 0 Yes snMJ19.3 PM hybrid dysgenesis P-element activity 0 Yes snMK7 PM hybrid dysgenesis P-element activity 0 Yes snMR2 spontaneous 0 Yes snMR39B1 MRh12 0 -- snmY1 spontaneous 0 -- snmZ spontaneous 0 -- snp845 P-element activity 0 Yes sns-1-73 spontaneous 0 Yes sns-880 antimorphic allele - genetic evidence spontaneous 0 Yes sns-90719 natural population 0 -- sns23 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes snS250F 0 -- snS289N hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes snS93 X ray 0 -- snSupS289N ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes snsZ spontaneous 0 -- snunspecified ethyl methanesulfonate P-element activity 0 Yes snvw P-element activity 0 Yes snwP13 P-element activity 0 Yes snwP14 P-element activity 0 Yes snZ spontaneous 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 16 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of sn Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion snGD8993 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes snHMS02450 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes snKK108890 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes snNIG.1536R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes snS289A.Scer\UAS.P\T.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes snS289A.Scer\UAS.P\T.T:Disc\RFP-mCherry in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes snS289D.Scer\UAS.P\T.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes snS52A.Scer\UAS.P\T.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes snS52A.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\KO-mKO in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes snS52D.Scer\UAS.P\T.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes snS52D.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\KO-mKO in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes snS52E.Scer\UAS.P\T.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes snScer\UAS.P\T.cZa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes snScer\UAS.P\T.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes snScer\UAS.P\T.T:Disc\RFP-mCherry in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes snScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\KO-mKO in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Duplicated in	Dp(1;2)ct7c1   Dp(1;2)ct+90f (Dorer et al., 1991) Dp(1;2)sn+72d (Eeken et al., 1985, Andersson and Lambertsson, 1990, Stewart and Denell, 1993, Monastirioti et al., 1996) Dp(1;3)ct12c1   Dp(1;3)sn13a1 (Lefevre, 1981) Dp(1;3)wvco (Lefevre and Wilkins, 1966) Dp(1;Y)BSC172 (Cook et al., 2010) Dp(1;Y)BSC173 (Cook et al., 2010) Dp(1;Y)BSC174 (Cook et al., 2010) Dp(1;Y)BSC175 (Cook et al., 2010) Dp(1;Y)BSC176 (Cook et al., 2010) Dp(1;Y)BSC177 (Cook et al., 2010) Dp(1;Y)BSC178 (Cook et al., 2010) Tp(1;2)sn+72d (Lefevre, 1981)
Not disrupted in	Df(1)172 (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)235 (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)262 (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)ct4b1 (Eeken et al., 1985, Andersson and Lambertsson, 1990) Df(1)ct268-37 (Demerec, 1940) Df(1)ct-J4 (Eeken et al., 1985) Df(1)GE202 (Henderson and Andrew, 1998, Zheng et al., 2003) Df(1)RA2 (Henderson and Andrew, 1998, Zheng et al., 2003, Eeken et al., 1985) Df(1)Sp8A (Schalet, 1986) Dp(1;f)A12 (Mackensen, 1935) In(1)D24k.1 (Engels and Preston, 1984) T(1;3)lz268-29 (Bridges and Brehme, 1944)
Disrupted in	Df(1)C128 (Henderson and Andrew, 1998, Zheng et al., 2003, Lefevre and Johnson, 1973, Craymer and Roy, 1980, Eeken et al., 1985, Digan et al., 1986, Monastirioti et al., 1996) Df(1)Desi-S3 (Henderson and Andrew, 1998, Zheng et al., 2003) Df(1)hl-a (Henderson and Andrew, 1998, Zheng et al., 2003, Andersson and Lambertsson, 1990) Df(1)hl-b (Andersson and Lambertsson, 1990) Df(1)hl-c (Andersson and Lambertsson, 1990) Df(1)hl-d (Andersson and Lambertsson, 1990) Dp(1;2)ct+90f (Stewart and Denell, 1993) Dp(1;2)sn+72d-s2 (Dorer et al., 1993) In(1)B332.1 (Roiha et al., 1988) In(1)B337.2 (Engels and Preston, 1984, Roiha et al., 1988) In(1)sns-1-73 (O'Hare et al., 1998) Tp(1;1)snS93 (Lefevre and Johnson, 1973) Tp(1;3)sn13a1 (Valencia, 1966) Tp(1;3)sn19Bb5 (Valencia, 1966)
Not duplicated in	Dp(1;3)sn13a1 (Eeken et al., 1985)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data GAL4 construct P{sn-GAL4.Z} No UAS construct M{UAS-mKO-sn.S52A} NA M{UAS-mKO-sn.S52D} NA M{UAS-mKO-sn} NA P{GD8993} NA P{KK108890} NA P{NIG.1536R} NA P{TRiP.HMS02450} NA P{UASp-sn.EGFP} NA P{UASp-sn.mCherry} NA P{UASp-sn.S289A.EGFP} NA P{UASp-sn.S289A.mCherry} NA P{UAS-sn.S52A.GFP} NA P{UAS-sn.S52D.GFP} NA P{UAS-sn.S52E.GFP} NA P{UAS-sn.Z} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{EP}snEP1217 NA P{EP}snG983 NA P{EPgy2}snEY10809 NA P{Mae-UAS.6.11}snGG01043 NA P{Mae-UAS.6.11}snGG01100 NA P{XP}snd09656 NA miscellaneous insertions ?{}sn5S NA ?{}sn36a NA H{}sn+-871 NA H{}sn+-878 NA P{}sn9e NA P{}sn14e NA P{}sn15 NA P{}sn50e NA P{}sn79b10 NA P{}sn79f22 NA P{}sn79h2 NA P{}sn83i7(1) NA P{}sn83i7(2) NA P{}sn83i7(3) NA P{}sn83i7(15) NA P{}sn83i7(17) NA P{}sn110 NA P{}sn(+) NA P{}snA2.4 NA P{}snBL4 NA P{}snBL5 NA P{}snBL9 NA P{}snBP1 NA P{}snBP2 NA P{}snBP3 NA P{}snBP5 NA P{}snBP8 NA P{}snCFL3 NA P{}snCFL5 NA P{}sncm NA P{}sne NA P{}sneP1 NA P{}snext NA P{}snh12-1 NA P{}snh12-2 NA P{}snh12-3 NA P{}snh12-4 NA P{}snh12-5 NA P{}snh12-6 NA P{}snKH36 NA P{}snKH40 NA P{}snKHL1 NA P{}snKHL3 NA P{}snKHL4 NA P{}snKHL5 NA P{}snMH18.2 NA P{}snMH26.5 NA P{}snMI17 NA P{}snMJ19.3 NA P{}snMK7 NA P{}snMR2 NA P{}sns23 NA P{}snvw NA P{}snwa NA P{}snwb NA P{}snwP13a NA P{}snwP13b NA P{}snwP14a NA P{}snwP14b NA P{CaSpeR}snC75.4 NA P{GT1}snBG00203 NA P{GT1}snBG00775 NA P{GT1}snBG00776 NA P{KP}snBL6 NA P{PT1}sn19 NA P{RS3}snCB-5897-3 NA P{RS5}sn5-HA-1875 NA P{RS5}sn5-HA-2488 NA PBac{RB}sne04392 NA insertion of enhancer trap P{A92}snP1 No P{A92}snP2 No P{lacW}snAL2 No P{lacW}snp845 No P{lacZ}snunspecified No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 24 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 19 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
actin cytoskeleton organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Zanet et al., 2009) actin filament bundle assembly inferred from mutant phenotype (Cooley et al., 1996, Tilney et al., 2003, Guild et al., 2005, Zanet et al., 2012) antennal morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (He and Adler, 2002) chaeta morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Guild et al., 2003) cuticle pattern formation inferred from mutant phenotype (Chanut-Delalande et al., 2006) dendrite development inferred from mutant phenotype (Nagel et al., 2012) epidermal cell differentiation inferred from mutant phenotype (Chanut-Delalande et al., 2006) establishment or maintenance of cell polarity inferred from mutant phenotype (Zanet et al., 2009) filopodium assembly inferred from mutant phenotype (Zanet et al., 2012) hemocyte migration inferred from mutant phenotype (Zanet et al., 2009) imaginal disc-derived wing hair organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Guild et al., 2005) microvillar actin bundle assembly inferred from mutant phenotype (Tilney et al., 2004) neuron projection morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Kraft et al., 2006) wound healing inferred from mutant phenotype (Zanet et al., 2009)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
actin cytoskeleton inferred from direct assay (Zanet et al., 2009) cytoplasm inferred from direct assay (Cant et al., 1994) colocalizes_with filamentous actin inferred from direct assay (Chanut-Delalande et al., 2006) neuronal cell body inferred from direct assay (Nagel et al., 2012) neuron projection inferred from direct assay (Nagel et al., 2012)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 7 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
actin binding inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000) actin filament binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR022768, InterPro:IPR024703 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) protein binding, bridging inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR022768, InterPro:IPR024703 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
actin filament bundle assembly non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1997.2.1) actin filament organization traceable author statement (Buszczak and Cooley, 2000) chaeta morphogenesis non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1997.2.1) oogenesis non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1997.2.1) traceable author statement (Perrimon et al., 1986)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
sn - CG10166 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) sn - Tango7 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) sn - mRpL52 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions sn allele Gene References sn3 f (Guild et al., 2003) sn28 qua (Cant et al., 1998) snG409E qua (Cant et al., 1998) snS289N qua (Cant et al., 1998) unspecified m (Chanut-Delalande et al., 2006)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 58189 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0003447 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003447 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 31717
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (44) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6NS3X5 Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG60GD03 Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG65QG8H Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6XWDD3 Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG60PH11
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6NS3X5)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\sn     Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM11990 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG19678 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\sn Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF21295 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA17189 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL15138     Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK25072 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ16540 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI21600 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH24440 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG60GD03)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL013808   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP012991   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ003200
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG65QG8H)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\sn   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG011886   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH19617   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP16317   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO22005   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL15372   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH17555   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB24666   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV12174   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI002737   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA005701   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM082950   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC006673
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6XWDD3)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\JGI_V11_308484   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW004404
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG60PH11)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_010943gn   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_023199gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\fscn1   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\fscn2b   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\ENSDARG00000037747   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\fscn2a   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\fscn1   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\fscn2   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\FSCN1   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\FSCN2   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Fscn2   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Fscn1   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Fscn2   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\FSCN2   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\FSCN1
Human Orthologs (2)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\FSCN2     Hsap\FSCN1
AAA Orthologs (9) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM11990 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG19678 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\sn Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF21295 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA17189 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK25072 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ16540 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI21600 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH24440
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 183 )
Bloomington	113 sn3 115 snGK4 116 sn34e 153 wco sn2 943 Df(1)RC40/FM7c, sn+
Harvard	- P{XP}snd09656 - PBac{RB}sne04392
Kyoto	105742 sn3 101189 snqr 101202 w1 sn3 101225 wco sn2
VDRC	v105747 P{KK108890}VIE-260B
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR24A02 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 267 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	RH22377 RH62992
Other clones	DPiM_RH62992
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GH27444 GM02437 GM02439 GM06258 GM08151 LD02601 LD02791 LD05054 LD05903 LD06039 LD06531 LD06974 LD10303 LD12877 LD13410 LD14969 LD15916 LD18489 LD23455 LD26905 LD32707 LD34066 LD36794 LD37301 LD37805 LD41612 LD41839 LP05491 LP21636 LP23466 RE06177 RE09029 RE09085 RE10629 RE12575 RE12919 RE13916 RE16994 RE17351 RE19086 RE25961 RE28642 RE29475 RE30005 RE31807 RE34925 RE36361 RE37370 RE52812 RE52836 RE54045 RE55620 RE56138 RE56846 RE57256 RE57645 RE64027 RE64246 RE64424 RE64441 RE66538 RE68909 RE68958 RE71932 RH05351 RH13630 RH13934 RH20894 RH21033 RH24121 RH24575 RH26748 RH27851 RH32183 RH33802 RH35764 RH37614 RH38669 RH39045 RH39091 RH45138 RH46351 RH50992 RH51543 RH53890 RH54376 RH55951 RH58175 RH59084 RH59956 RH60170 RH61191 RH61323 RH61431 RH62821 RH64970 RH66219 RH67705 RH68465 RH72469
Other clones	12055 16950 18183 31677 33102 40019 40117 40175 41709 42809 54192 57083 73581 97603 102105 107439 120166 120862 124320 146519 156587 175096 282069 283656 CK01.6B.E10 CK01.14B.A12 CK01.14B.G9 CK01.61B.D10 CK01.83D.D7 CK01.87C.E4 CK01.95D.E8 CK01.97A.F1 CK01.107D.F3 CK01.110D.H12 CK01.115C.F7 CK01.115D.G12 CK01.125D.E3 CK01.129B.G1 CK01.143B.G12 CK01.145C.E6 CK01.145C.F9 Dmel_dig_011155_0697_3125 Dmel_dig_020299_0605_1442 Dmel_neb_006584_0138_2151 Dmel_neb_013246_0183_1773 EK004660 EK014736 EK063847 EK066716 EK069150 EK074537 EK075216 EK090622 EK095725 EK102152 EK113050 EK116260 EK119651 EK119721 EK128662 EK143515 EK151608 EK154223 EK154260 EK154345 EK166617 EK169850 EK179145 EK180705 EK188001 EK202920 EK220043 EK225319 EK233636 EK235927 EK240011 EK242211 EK242810 EK246942 EK250512 EK259360 EK276041 EK307511 FGM104D08 HL04917 LD02993 LD07060 LD10782 LD10832 LD12262 LD12363 LD17861 LD21082 LD28250 LD30060 RE03565 RE08478 RE32256 RE42134 RE74160 RH04428 RH07102 RH08910 RH09011 RH09014 RH09402 RH10408 RH11339 RH13826 RH14388 RH18145 RH21865 RH23905 RH24019 RH24245 RH24551 RH24827 RH25559 RH26945 RH30293 RH30471 RH33187 RH33763 RH34228 RH35420 RH37079 RH37206 RH38130 RH38508 RH40773 RH43161 RH43873 RH43980 RH44780 RH49956 RH69565 RH73635 RP004005998 RP004007875 RP004043178 RP004055070 RP004097389 RP004122142 RP004140777 RP004163294 RP004201510 RP004213863 RP004218929 RP004218977 RP004263007 RP004265984 RP004294572 RP004339661 RP004367891 RP004376862 RP004378659 RP004407585 RP004415991 RP004424716 RP004463467 RP004478303 RP004501210 RP004522640 RP004534878
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003447 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 31717
Antibody Information
	monoclonal (Cant et al., 1994)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: sn CG1536 (Zhang, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: sn CG15331 (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)
Additional comments	Annotations CG1536 and CG15331 merged as CG32858 in release 3 of the genome annotation. (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003) Bender has classified sn alleles into four classes: class 1 = female sterile with gnarled macrochaetae and kinky microchaetae; class 2 = female fertile with kinky macrochaetae only; class 3 = female fertile with gnarled macrochaetae and kinky microchaetae; class 4 = female sterile with gnarled macrochaetae only. To these Golubovsky and Kozlovskaya (1978) have added class 5 = kinky microchaetae only. Derivative alleles have sometimes been designated generically as "snf", "snm", "sns" and "snext", for faint, moderate, strong and extreme phenotypes; these symbols do not specify particular alleles (e.g., Zakharov and Golubovsky, 1984). Unstable alleles also classed as "snA" and "snB", "snA" alleles mutating to normal and back to the original phenotype only and "snB" alleles mutating to an array of intermediate states as well as to normal.
Other Comments
	sn is an important determinant of class III neuron dendrite morphology, and is necessary for the formation of the characteristic spiked protrusions which are the terminal branchlets of this neuron class. (Nagel et al., 2012) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology. (Kiger et al., 2003) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene is tested in an RNAi screen for effects on actin-based lamella formation. (Rogers et al., 2003) Definitive denticle belt phenotypes (abnormal hairs and/or bristles) are foreshadowed by abnormal organisation of the actin cytoskeleton in embryonic epidermal cells. (Dickinson and Thatcher, 1997) One of a class of genes with TATA-less promoters that have a subset of the conserved DPE sequence. (Burke and Kadonaga, 1996) Single amino acid mutations in the fascin encoded by sn disrupt actin bundling function. (Cant and Cooley, 1996) In(1)T2. ymos wY1 snmY1 strain suppresses y gene mutability and activates sn gene mutability. (Skibitskii et al., 1996) sn is required for actin filament bundle formation in the cytoplasm of nurse cells during oogenesis and for organised actin filament bundle formation in the cellular extension that forms a bristle. (Cant et al., 1994) Mutant sn nurse cells lack actin halo and transport of cytoplasm is blocked. (Knowles and Cooley, 1994) Superunstable mutations generated in crosses of π2 strain to a wa strain or its derivatives. Each superunstable mutation gives rise to a large family of new super-unstable mutations with a wide range of phenotypic expression. Mutations with the same phenotype often differ in the specificity of their potential for further mutation. Each superunstable mutation is associated with a specific, "paired", reversible mutation. Active transposase encoded by P elements is necessary to maintain superinstability. X transposable element is also implicated in the mutability system. (Georgiev and Yelagin, 1992) The effects of varying degrees of P-element activity and X irradiation on snw mutability are assessed. Analysis of the combined effects of P-element activity, X irradiation and either excision or post-replication DNA repair on sterility and fecundity is performed. (Margulies and Griffith, 1991) Site selected mutagenesis and isolation of sn mutations. (Kaiser and Goodwin, 1990) Four independently obtained families of super-unstable mutations at the sn locus have been studied. (Ladvishenko et al., 1990) Alleles show P cytotype-dependent sterility and aberrant oocyte morphology in a P cytotype genetic background. (Rio, 1990) Mutations in sn induced by P-M hybrid dysgenesis have been analysed to determine why sn is a hotspot for mutation during P-M hybrid dysgenesis. (Roiha et al., 1988) Mutant alleles are useful as markers in clonal analysis. (Lawrence et al., 1986) Locus divided into three recombinationally different sites from distal to proximal: (sn3 and sn36a) (sn2 and sn4) (sn1, sn5 and sn50k) (Ives and Noyes, 1951; Hexter, 1955a; Hexter, 1955b). Of these, sn3 and sn36a show lesions between -0.9 and 0.0 kb, whereas sn2 has a lesion between 8.0 and 10.5. The others show no detectable molecular lesions and are presumed to be point mutations within the coding region between 11.1 and 13.8 kb.   Macrochaetae deformed, from short and gnarled to wavy, depending on allele. Similarly, microchaetae may be straight or wavy. Electron-microscope examination of developing bristle shaft shows flattened fiber bundles around periphery, which occupy but 5% of cross-sectional profile, compared to wild type, which have fiber bundles that are circular in cross-section and occupy 20% of cross-sectional area (Overton, 1967). Females homozygous for the most extreme alleles are completely sterile; vitellogenesis defective. Eggs laid by sn1 homozygotes are normal in number, but are short, blunt and wrinkled with small blunt dorsal appendages (Mohr, 1922. Sterility autonomous in transplants (sn1; Clancy and Beadle, 1937; Perrimon and Gans, 1983). Heterozygotes between female-sterile and fertile alleles are fertile, between female sterile alleles are sterile. The sn locus seems to be a very favorable site for P-element insertion; a number of alleles have been isolated from natural populations in the USSR or are derivatives thereof. These alleles are highly mutable, generating innumerable derivative mutable normal-appearing and extreme singed alleles; some have been shown to carry P-element sequences at sn (Golubovsky, Ivanov, and Green, 1977; Green, 1977). Also some display slight increases in the rate of nondisjunction from Basc (Golubovsky, 1983).
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_078521 NM_167142 NM_167143 NM_001169226 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_511076 NP_727226 NP_727227 NP_001162697 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAF46307 AAL49328 AAL49381 AAN09224 AAN09225 ACZ95231 ACZ95232 ACZ95233 AY071706 AY071759 BI565264 BI583709 CAA35585 CL844363 CZ476863 CZ482152 CZ482153 X17548 X17549 X17550 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 31717 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • Q24524 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • A4V441 Q8SY66 Q8SY91
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Actin cross-linking (IPR008999) Fascin (IPR010431) Fascin, metazoans (IPR024703) Fascin domain (IPR022768) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • RH22377 RH62992
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 58189 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0003447 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003447 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003447 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003447 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG32858-RC FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0003447 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 31717 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /newgene/singed.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 31717 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0003447
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 16 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG1536 (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000, Rogers et al., 2003) CG15331   CG32858 (Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2010.12.1) fs(1)A1057   fs(1)K418 (Perrimon et al., 1986, Perrimon and Gans, 1983, ) fs(1)K473   fs(1)K743   fs(1)K1421   fs(1)M45 (Perrimon et al., 1986, Mohler and Carroll, 1984, Mohler, 1977) Sn (Zheng et al., 2003, Jang et al., 2009, Gates et al., 2009) sn (Chanut-Delalande et al., 2006, Yurchenko et al., 1995, Busygina et al., 2004, Rynes et al., 2012, Sameny et al., 2011, Paterson et al., 2007, Schottenfeld-Roames and Ghabrial, 2012, Fei et al., 2002, Zanet et al., 2008, Guild et al., 2005, Wang et al., 2007, Thorp et al., 2009, Kraft et al., 2006, Tilney et al., 2004, Simmons et al., 2010, Jensen et al., 2008, Nagel et al., 2012, Bejsovec and Chao, 2012, Ilius et al., 2007, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Cook et al., 2010) SN (Kim et al., 2011, Starz-Gaiano et al., 2008, Melani et al., 2008, McDonald et al., 2008)
Name Synonym	fascin (Guild et al., 2003, Petit et al., 2002, Kureishy et al., 2002, Guild and Tilney, 2001, DeRosier and Tilney, 2000, Tilney et al., 2000, Tilney et al., 1998, Rogers et al., 2003, Guild et al., 2005, Starr and Han, 2003, Shapira et al., 2011, Noguchi et al., 2008, Melani et al., 2008, Zanet et al., 2009, Zhang et al., 2009, Sánchez-Soriano et al., 2010, Hung et al., 2010, Nagel et al., 2012, Zanet et al., 2012) Fascin (Rogers et al., 2003, Schottenfeld-Roames and Ghabrial, 2012, Evans et al., 2010) singed (O'Hare, 1989.11.21, O'Hare, 1989.11.21, Guild et al., 1997, Chanut-Delalande et al., 2006, Paterson et al., 2007, Schottenfeld-Roames and Ghabrial, 2012, Larsen et al., 2006, Siegel et al., 2004, Shapira et al., 2011, Borghese et al., 2006, Noguchi et al., 2008, Tilney et al., 2004, Zhang et al., 2009, Simmons et al., 2010, Nagel et al., 2012) Singed (Kim et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2007, Wang et al., 2006, Starz-Gaiano et al., 2008, Hegan et al., 2007, Melani et al., 2008, McDonald et al., 2008, Jang et al., 2009, Gates et al., 2009, Evans et al., 2010)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0040925
References ( 320 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 320 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 237 ) Supplementary material  ( 9 ) Review  ( 23 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 14 ) Abstract  ( 18 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 4 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 4 ) Stock list  ( 2 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 3 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Book  ( 4 )
Recent research papers ( 11 )
	Kraft et al., 2013, Dis. Model Mech. 6(1): 217--235 A cell-based fascin bioassay identifies compounds with potential anti-metastasis or cognition-enhancing functions. [FBrf0220454] Bejsovec and Chao, 2012, Development 139(4): 690--698 crinkled reveals a new role for Wingless signaling in Drosophila denticle formation. [FBrf0217282] Groen et al., 2012, Mol. Biol. Cell 23(23): 4567--4578 Drosophila Fascin is a novel downstream target of prostaglandin signaling during actin remodeling. [FBrf0220099] Nagel et al., 2012, Development 139(16): 2999--3009 Fascin controls neuronal class-specific dendrite arbor morphology. [FBrf0219030] Rynes et al., 2012, Mol. Cell. Biol. 32(19): 3949--3962 Activating transcription factor 3 regulates immune and metabolic homeostasis. [FBrf0219385] Schottenfeld-Roames and Ghabrial, 2012, Nat. Cell Biol. 14(4): 386--393 Whacked and Rab35 polarize dynein-motor-complex-dependent seamless tube growth. [FBrf0217936] Zanet et al., 2012, J. Cell Biol. 197(4): 477--486 Fascin promotes filopodia formation independent of its role in actin bundling. [FBrf0218285] Kim et al., 2011, Genes Dev. 25(7): 730--741 Psidin, a conserved protein that regulates protrusion dynamics and cell migration. [FBrf0213388] Otani et al., 2011, Dev. Cell 20(2): 219--232 IKKɛ Regulates Cell Elongation through Recycling Endosome Shuttling. [FBrf0212985] Sameny et al., 2011, Chromosoma 120(6): 573--585 Point mutations in a Drosophila P element abolish both P element-dependent silencing (PDS) of a transgene and repressor functions. [FBrf0216755] Shapira et al., 2011, Mol. Cell. Biol. 31(22): 4582--4592 The Drosophila javelin Gene Encodes a Novel Actin-Associated Protein Required for Actin Assembly in the Bristle. [FBrf0216490] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...