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Gene Dmel\sna

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\sna	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	snail	Annotation symbol	CG3956
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0003448
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	131 publicly available
Also Known As	Sco, l(2)br28, l(2)br29, l(2)35Db, br29, BG:DS01845.1
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2L	Recombination map	2-51
Cytogenetic map	35D2-35D2	Sequence location	2L:15,476,593..15,478,269 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene snail is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\sna (CG3956, FBgn0003448). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: RNA polymerase II transcription corepressor activity; RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; sequence-specific DNA binding; repressing transcription factor binding. There is experimental evidence for 12 unique biological process terms, many of which group under: single-organism developmental process; biological regulation; system development; cellular component organization or biogenesis; multicellular organismal development; sensory organ development; cell fate commitment; positive regulation of cellular metabolic process; negative regulation of metabolic process; negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process; positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process; regulation of cellular component organization; stem cell division; digestive tract development; cell junction organization. 90 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: adult segment; organ system subdivision; organ system; portion of tissue; external compound sense organ; thoracic segment; postalar bristle; extended germ band embryo; endoderm derivative; acellular anatomical structure. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Zinc finger C2H2-type/integrase DNA-binding domain; Zinc finger, C2H2; Zinc finger, C2H2-like. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1636646_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of sna. Gene sequence location is 2L:15476593..15478269.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	sna: snail Embryonic lethal. Partially dorsalized. In homozygotes for strong alleles, ventral furrow not formed at gastrulation; however, endoderm invaginates, cephalic furrow formed, and germ-band elongation takes place. Embryo has few if any mesodermally derived internal tissues. Homozygotes for weak alleles gastrulate normally, but die as late embryos without differentiating normal internal tissues. Many embryos make normal ectodermal derivatives: larval hypoderm with normal or reduced denticle belts, mouth hooks, and spiracles, but tracheae seen only in weaker alleles. Head involution abnormal and anterior end of embryo twisted in the egg owing to extra length. Some embryos fail to make normal cuticle and resemble long folded tubes filled with yolk. sna heterozygotes produced from mothers heterozygous for dl or a deficiency for dl show reduced viability; this effect is more extreme at elevated temperatures. Defect in sna embryos enhanced by heterozygosity for Df(2L)75c or Df(2L)fn2. No maternal effect in germ-line clones. No effect on pattern of ftz expression (Carroll, Winslow, Twombly, and Scott, 1987, Development 99: 327-32). sna/+ embryos have delayed ventral furrow formation.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03	Alleles sna[Scer\UAS.T:Ecol\dam,T:Hsap\MYC] Transgenic Constructs P{UAS-sna.Dam}
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 35D2-35D2   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}esgEP633&P{PZ}esg07082 and P{lacW}CycEk05007&P{lacW}CycEk02602
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 35D1-35D2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Boulay et al., 1987)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	2-51 (Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, )
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\sna for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) sna-RA FBtr0080739  NM_057384   1677   390
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	1.7 (northern blot) (Boulay et al., 1987)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein sna-PA   FBpp0080298   43.0   390   8.21     NP_476732   AAF53463
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	390 (aa); 43 (kD predicted) (Boulay et al., 1987)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Zinc finger C2H2-type/integrase DNA-binding domain (IPR013087) Zinc finger, C2H2-like (IPR015880) Zinc finger, C2H2 (IPR007087)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE014134 AAF53463   AE003413 AAF44944   AJ251486 CAB62556   BI238718   BI362630   BI372526   BT010255 AAQ23573   CO267193   CO285219   CO289891   CO298351   CO330794   CO332251   EC062358   EC067777   EC073681   EC084413   EC194742   EC219177   EC223369   EC231071   EC239054   EC251117   GH749250   GH751147   GH752011   GH754239   GH754622   GH756477   GH756829   GH757257   GH757506   GH757797   GH772048   GH774447   GH774840   GH776498   GH776512   GH776768   GH778483   GH781637   GH785479   GH785494   GH788432   GH789387   GH789766   GH792516   GH795922   GH796466   GH796983   GH799114   GH799832   GH800838   GH801453   GH801658   GH804301   GH805197   GH805642   GH807514   GH808580   GH811524   GH811945   GH813327   GH814122   GH815289   GH818590   GH819026   GH819834   GH821491   GH821955   GH822207   GH822833   GH824729   GH825893   GH826855   GH828071   GH829382   GH830641   GH832139   GH832816   GH834364   GH837506   GH838936   GH840129   GH840421   GH845028   GH848107   GH848215   GH852828   GH854545   GH856161   GH856385   GH856915   GH859652   GH860328   GH860539   GH861629   GH864974   GH867035   GH867386   GH871773   GH872879   GH873078   GH874287   GH874954   GH875720   GH875780   GH877391   GH878307   GH880152   GH880355   GH881620   GH885608   GH885871   GH888976   GH891086   GH892340   GH893376   GH893634   GH893936   GH894144   GH895580   GH895804   GH895946   GH898267   GH899107   GH899548   GH900722   GH901134   GH903565   GH906797   GH907860   GH908716   GH909502   GH910684   GH910692   GH912650   GH913053   GH915371   GH916541   GH916956   GH921078   GH922508   GH924945   GH926187   GH927039   GH928274   GH928343   GH928399   GH930031   GH930387   GH931946   GH933297   GH935280   GH936899   GH937754   GH938871   GH938915   GH940556   Y00288 CAA68397
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P08044
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References protein binding site FBsf0000159891 2L:15,480,131..15,480,146 bound_moiety=dl-XP comment=DL_binding_site_1 evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2005, Ip et al., 1992) protein binding site FBsf0000159890 2L:15,480,096..15,480,111 comment=DL_binding_site_2 evidence=experimental bound_moiety=dl-XP (Bergman et al., 2005, Ip et al., 1992) protein binding site FBsf0000159889 2L:15,480,056..15,480,071 bound_moiety=dl-XP comment=DL_binding_site_3 evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2005, Ip et al., 1992) protein binding site FBsf0000159888 2L:15,479,990..15,480,006 comment=DL_binding_site_4 bound_moiety=dl-XP evidence=experimental (Ip et al., 1992, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000159887 2L:15,479,825..15,479,840 evidence=experimental comment=DL_binding_site_5 bound_moiety=dl-XP (Bergman et al., 2005, Ip et al., 1992) protein binding site FBsf0000159886 2L:15,479,713..15,479,728 comment=DL_binding_site_7 evidence=experimental bound_moiety=dl-XP (Ip et al., 1992, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000159885 2L:15,479,648..15,479,663 bound_moiety=dl-XP comment=DL_binding_site_8 evidence=experimental (Ip et al., 1992, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000159913 2L:15,479,560..15,479,575 bound_moiety=dl-XP comment=DL_binding_site_9 evidence=experimental (Ip et al., 1992, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000159914 2L:15,479,359..15,479,377 comment=DL_binding_site_10 evidence=experimental bound_moiety=dl-XP (Bergman et al., 2005, Ip et al., 1992) protein binding site FBsf0000159883 2L:15,478,358..15,478,371 comment=TWI_binding_site_1 evidence=experimental bound_moiety=twi-XP (Ip et al., 1992, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000159882 2L:15,478,318..15,478,331 comment=TWI_binding_site_2 evidence=experimental bound_moiety=twi-XP (Ip et al., 1992, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000160815 2L:15,479,792..15,479,807 bound_moiety=dl-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2005, Ip et al., 1992) regulatory region FBsf0000161229 2L:15,480,405..15,481,085 comment=Position of restriction fragment on reference sequence inferred by FlyBase curator comment=CNS-specific evidence=experimental linked_to=NaeI-AccI_rfrag (Ip et al., 1994) regulatory region FBsf0000161230 2L:15,478,530..15,479,143 comment=Position of restriction fragment on reference sequence inferred by FlyBase curator comment=PNS-specific evidence=experimental linked_to=NcoI-BamHI_rfrag (Ip et al., 1994) regulatory region FBsf0000435581 2L:15,478,448..15,481,082 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Ip et al., 1992, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435630 2L:15,478,530..15,481,082 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Ip et al., 1992, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435888 2L:15,473,776..15,476,675 (Papatsenko and Levine, 2005, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436011 2L:15,478,143..15,478,530 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Ip et al., 1994, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436073 2L:15,479,230..15,479,841 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Ip et al., 1992, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436089 2L:15,478,170..15,481,082 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Ip et al., 1994, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436206 2L:15,485,549..15,486,684 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Perry et al., 2010, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436298 2L:15,478,143..15,479,565 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Ip et al., 1992, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436392 2L:15,478,143..15,479,841 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Ip et al., 1992, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436495 2L:15,478,170..15,479,138 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Ip et al., 1994, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436562 2L:15,479,841..15,480,305 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Ip et al., 1992, Halfon, 2012.6.19)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage     (Leptin, 1991) embryonic stage 4 -- 6   anterior endoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:anlage in statu nascendi endoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:anlage in statu nascendi mesoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:anlage in statu nascendi trunk mesoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:anlage in statu nascendi embryonic cycle 13   organism | ventral   (Ip et al., 1992) embryonic stage 5   mesoderm | ventral   (Biemar et al., 2005) head mesoderm   (Ip et al., 1994) mesoderm anlage   (Stathopoulos et al., 2002, Kasai et al., 1992) mesoderm | presumptive   (Leptin, 1991) embryonic stage 6 -- 7   proventriculus anlage   (De Velasco et al., 2004) ventral furrow   (De Velasco et al., 2004) embryonic stage 7 -- 8   anterior endoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) posterior endoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) trunk mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral ectoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic cycle 14   mesoderm anlage   (Ip et al., 1992) embryonic stage 9 -- 10   antennal primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium central brain primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium visual primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium dorsal head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium lateral head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium ventral head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium ventral ectoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 9 -- 11   embryonic neuroblast   (Jazwinska et al., 1999) embryonic stage 11   presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system   (Ip et al., 1994) Comment:late stage 11 neuroblast   (Ip et al., 1994) Comment:late stage 11 embryonic stage 11 -- 12   central brain primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic central brain glial cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic neuroblast of ventral nerve cord primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) lateral cord glial cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) lateral cord neuron   (Fisher et al., 2012) midline primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) oenocyte primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as oenocyte specific anlage procephalic neuroblast   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral sensory complex anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 13   central nervous system   (Ip et al., 1994) presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system   (Ip et al., 1994) ganglion mother cell   (Ip et al., 1994) presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system   (Ip et al., 1994) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   adult eye primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic brain   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic head sensory system   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic ventral epidermis   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval nervous system   (Fisher et al., 2012) haltere disc   (Fisher et al., 2012) sensory nervous system primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral imaginal precursor   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral midline   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral sensory complex primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) wing disc   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 14 -- 17   haltere disc | precursor   (Ip et al., 1994) wing disc | precursor   (Ip et al., 1994) dorsal mesothoracic disc primordium   (Ip et al., 1994) dorsal metathoracic disc primordium   (Ip et al., 1994) first instar larval stage   haltere disc   (Ip et al., 1994) wing disc   (Ip et al., 1994) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage     (Boulay et al., 1987) radioisotope in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 4   organism | posterior & ventral   (Alberga et al., 1991) embryonic stage 6   ventral neurectoderm | restricted   (Alberga et al., 1991) Comment:late stage 6 embryonic stage 9 -- 10   neuroblast | precursor   (Alberga et al., 1991) embryonic stage 10   presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system   (Alberga et al., 1991) embryonic stage 11 -- 14   C1 chordotonal organ precursor cell   (Alberga et al., 1991) embryonic stage 13   wing disc | precursor   (Alberga et al., 1991) haltere disc | precursor   (Alberga et al., 1991) Bolwig organ | precursor   (Alberga et al., 1991)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Both twi and sna transcript are first detectable during nuclear cycle 12 as a diffuse band half the width of the presumptive mesoderm. Although the expression patterns of sna and twi transcript and protein are similar early in embryogenesis, there are some subtle differences. At mid-cellularization, the sna transcript and protein expression boundaries sharply delimit the presumptive mesoderm. At the same time, twi transcript and protein is expressed in a gradient that extends slightly past the sna expression zone into the presumptive ectoderm. The twi transcript and protein expression pattern gets sharper later, during gastrulation. twi protein is expressed in the mesoderm throughout germ band extension, whereas the sna protein product disappears from the mesoderm partway through germ band extension, and appears in neurectodermal cells which might be neuroblasts. (Leptin, 1991) In wild type embryos at embryonic cycle 13, sna transcript is found at low levels ventrally in a region 12 to 14 nuclei-wide. At embryonic cycle 14, sna transcript is expressed at higher levels and in about an 18 cell-wide strip (the presumptive mesoderm), and the borders of expression continue to be fuzzy. By the onset of cellularization, the borders of sna transcript expression in the 18 ventral cells have sharpened, and end at the mesoderm-neurectoderm boundary. In a twi mutant background, level of sna transcript remains low, and is limited to the ventral-most 12-14 cells. (Ip et al., 1992) sna transcript expression is first detected during the cellular blastoderm stage, in presumptive mesodermal cells. Mesodermal expression fades during germband elongation, when sna expression begins to be detected in the ectoderm. The initial pair-rule pattern of sna expression gives way to a segmentally repeated pattern of cells interconnected by longitudinal rows of cells also expressing sna. Neuroblasts will delaminate at approximately the sites of these longitudinal rows of cells during the S1 phase of neuroblast segregation. At about 5.5 hours, sna expression is seen in both the nascent neuroblasts and in ectodermal cells. As neuroblast segregation nears completion at about 5.5 to 6 hours, sna expression is restricted to the neuroblast layer. By 6.5 to 7 hours, sna transcript is expressed in all neuroblasts and in PNS precursors. As in the CNS, sna transcript expression in the PNS begins in neurectodermal patches. Later, sna transcript is detected in sensory mother cells. At about 9 to 10 hours, sna is expressed in the postmitotic cells of the PNS and CNS. Starting at about 11 hours,and continuing into the first larval instar, sna is expressed in the precursors of the wing and haltere discs. (Ip et al., 1994) High levels of sna transcript are detected in northern blots of embryos 2-4 hours after egg-laying. The levels decrease dramatically, but are still detectable, 4-6 hours after egg-laying. (Boulay et al., 1987) The early accumulation of sna transcript in wild-type embryos is consistent with the role of sna in mesoderm formation, but its later expression pattern suggests that sna might have additional functions. Prior to gastrulation, sna transcript is detected in the mesoderm and anterior midgut anlagen. Before germ band elongation at stages 7-9, sna transcript is present at the dorsal surface of the amnioproctodeal invagination and in the anterior midgut rudiment. Starting at late stage 8, and persisting through stage 11, sna transcript is also observed in some large neurectodermal cells, presumably neuroblast precursors and segregated neuroblasts. Later in embryogenesis, sna is expressed in cells which might be the precursors of the peripheral nervous system (stage 10), P cells (stages 11-14), dorsal mesothoracic disc (stage 13), dorsal metathoracic disc (stage 13), and Bolwig photoreceptor organs (stage 13). (Alberga et al., 1991)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   embryonic/larval neuron   (Ip et al., 1994) blastoderm stage   mesoderm | presumptive   (Ip et al., 1994) embryonic stage 5   mesoderm | presumptive   (Leptin, 1991, Fuse et al., 1996) mesoderm anlage   (Ip et al., 1994) embryonic stage 6   anterior midgut primordium   (Alberga et al., 1991) mesoderm   (Alberga et al., 1991) embryonic stage 7   cephalic furrow   (Alberga et al., 1991) anterior transverse furrow   (Alberga et al., 1991) posterior transverse furrow   (Alberga et al., 1991) embryonic stage 9   protocerebral neuroblast   (Chang et al., 2001) embryonic stage 9 -- 11   ventral neurectoderm   (Alberga et al., 1991) embryonic stage 10   embryonic neuroblast   (Cai et al., 2001) procephalic neuroblast   (Cai et al., 2001) neuroblast of ventral nerve cord primordium   (Cai et al., 2001, Ip et al., 1994) embryonic stage 13 -- 15   haltere disc | presumptive   (Fuse et al., 1996) wing disc | presumptive   (Fuse et al., 1996) embryonic stage 15   ventral thoracic disc | presumptive   (Fuse et al., 1996) genital disc | presumptive   (Fuse et al., 1996)
Additional Descriptive Data
	sna protein is located in the nucleus of invaginating cells in stage 6 embryos. In stage 9-11 embryos, sna protein localizes to the cytoplasm of neurectodermal cells. (Alberga et al., 1991) Both twi and sna transcript are first detectable during nuclear cycle 12 as a diffuse band half the width of the presumptive mesoderm. Although the expression patterns of sna and twi transcript and protein are similar early in embryogenesis, there are some subtle differences. At mid-cellularization, the sna transcript and protein expression boundaries sharply delimit the presumptive mesoderm. At the same time, twi transcript and protein is expressed in a gradient that extends past the sna expression zone into the presumptive ectoderm. The twi transcript and protein expression pattern gets sharper later, during gastrulation. twi protein is expressed in the mesoderm throughout germ band extension, whereas the sna protein product disappears from the mesoderm partway through germ band extension, and appears in neurectodermal cells which might be neuroblasts. (Leptin, 1991) At stage 5 of embryogenesis, sna protein is expressed ventrally, in the presumptive mesoderm, while esg protein is expressed in the dorsal region. By stage 13, both sna and esg proteins are expressed in presumptive wing and haltere discs. At stage 15, sna and esg proteins are also expressed in the genital disc. The esg protein is detected in the posterior spiracle and in the presumptive leg discs at stage 15, while the sna protein is expressed in a far smaller number of cells in the presumptive leg discs. (Fuse et al., 1996) While sna transcript is expressed at high levels in in the neurectoderm, sna protein is not detected in these cells. sna transcript and protein expression overlap in other tissues such as presumptive mesodermal cells during the blastoderm stage, and in postmitotic neurons. (Ip et al., 1994)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from direct assay AND inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Kasai et al., 1992)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{0.25kbsna-lacZ} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system   (Ip et al., 1994) Reporter: P{0.8} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system   (Ip et al., 1994) Reporter: P{1.6kbsna-lacZ} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system   (Ip et al., 1994) embryonic cycle 14   mesoderm anlage | restricted   (Ip et al., 1992) Reporter: P{2.2kbsna-lacZ} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system   (Ip et al., 1994) mesoderm   (Ip et al., 1994) embryonic cycle 14   mesoderm anlage   (Ip et al., 1992) organism | terminal expression pattern   (Ip et al., 1992) Reporter: P{2.8kbsna-lacZ} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   central nervous system   (Ip et al., 1994) presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system   (Ip et al., 1994) mesoderm   (Ip et al., 1994) embryonic cycle 13   organism | ventral   (Ip et al., 1992) embryonic stage 6 -- 12   organism | terminal expression pattern   (Ip et al., 1992) embryonic cycle 14   mesoderm anlage   (Ip et al., 1992) extended germ band stage   embryonic neuroblast   (Ip et al., 1992) embryonic stage 13   sensory neuron   (Ip et al., 1992) Reporter: P{6.0kbsna-lacZ} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   central nervous system   (Ip et al., 1994) presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system   (Ip et al., 1994) mesoderm   (Ip et al., 1994) embryonic cycle 13   organism | ventral   (Ip et al., 1992) embryonic stage 6 -- 12   organism | terminal expression pattern   (Ip et al., 1992) embryonic cycle 14   mesoderm anlage   (Ip et al., 1992) extended germ band stage   embryonic neuroblast   (Ip et al., 1992) embryonic stage 13   neuron of presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system   (Ip et al., 1992) Reporter: P{A1.3} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic cycle 14   mesoderm anlage   (Ip et al., 1992) Reporter: P{Δd1Δd4} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic cycle 14   mesoderm anlage   (Ip et al., 1992) organism | terminal expression pattern   (Ip et al., 1992) Reporter: P{Δd5Δd10} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic cycle 14   organism | ventral   (Ip et al., 1992) Reporter: P{Δt1Δt2} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic cycle 14   organism | ventral   (Ip et al., 1992) Reporter: P{HR-p} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic cycle 14   organism | terminal expression pattern   (Ip et al., 1992) Reporter: P{HR} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic cycle 14   organism | terminal expression pattern   (Ip et al., 1992) Reporter: P{NB} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   mesoderm   (Ip et al., 1994) Reporter: P{RE-p} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic cycle 14   organism | ventral   (Ip et al., 1992) Reporter: P{RP-p} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic cycle 14   organism | ventral   (Ip et al., 1992) Reporter: P{RP} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic cycle 14   organism | ventral   (Ip et al., 1992) Reporter: P{TD-p} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic cycle 14   organism | terminal expression pattern   (Ip et al., 1992) organism | ventral   (Ip et al., 1992) Reporter: P{W0.05} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic cycle 14   mesoderm anlage   (Ip et al., 1992) organism | terminal expression pattern   (Ip et al., 1992) Reporter: P{W0.18} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic cycle 14   mesoderm anlage | restricted   (Ip et al., 1992) Reporter: P{W0.1} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic cycle 14   mesoderm anlage   (Ip et al., 1992) organism | terminal expression pattern   (Ip et al., 1992) Reporter: P{W0.25} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic cycle 14   mesoderm anlage | restricted   (Ip et al., 1992)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    230.975 Larval Midgut    18 Larval Hindgut    8.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    8.6 Larval Fat Body    7.6 Larval Salivary Gland    15 Larval Trachea    2.1 Larval Carcass    5.625 Adult Head    7.4 Adult Eye    4.025 Adult Brain    4.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    2.6 Adult Crop    9 Adult Midgut    14.2 Adult Hindgut    3.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6 Adult Fat Body    15 Adult Salivary Gland    23.2 Adult Heart    3.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    12.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    10.2 Adult Ovary    3.3 Adult Testis    4.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.8 Adult Carcass    14.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    230.975 Larval Midgut    18 Larval Hindgut    8.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    8.6 Larval Fat Body    7.6 Larval Salivary Gland    15 Larval Trachea    2.1 Larval Carcass    5.625 Adult Head    7.4 Adult Eye    4.025 Adult Brain    4.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    2.6 Adult Crop    9 Adult Midgut    14.2 Adult Hindgut    3.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6 Adult Fat Body    15 Adult Salivary Gland    23.2 Adult Heart    3.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    12.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    10.2 Adult Ovary    3.3 Adult Testis    4.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.8 Adult Carcass    14.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    230.975 Larval Midgut    18 Larval Hindgut    8.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    8.6 Larval Fat Body    7.6 Larval Salivary Gland    15 Larval Trachea    2.1 Larval Carcass    5.625 Adult Head    7.4 Adult Eye    4.025 Adult Brain    4.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    2.6 Adult Crop    9 Adult Midgut    14.2 Adult Hindgut    3.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6 Adult Fat Body    15 Adult Salivary Gland    23.2 Adult Heart    3.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    12.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    10.2 Adult Ovary    3.3 Adult Testis    4.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.8 Adult Carcass    14.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    230.975 Larval Midgut    18 Larval Hindgut    8.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    8.6 Larval Fat Body    7.6 Larval Salivary Gland    15 Larval Trachea    2.1 Larval Carcass    5.625 Adult Head    7.4 Adult Eye    4.025 Adult Brain    4.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    2.6 Adult Crop    9 Adult Midgut    14.2 Adult Hindgut    3.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6 Adult Fat Body    15 Adult Salivary Gland    23.2 Adult Heart    3.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    12.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    10.2 Adult Ovary    3.3 Adult Testis    4.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.8 Adult Carcass    14.5 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    230.975 Larval Midgut    18 Larval Hindgut    8.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    8.6 Larval Fat Body    7.6 Larval Salivary Gland    15 Larval Trachea    2.1 Larval Carcass    5.625 Adult Head    7.4 Adult Eye    4.025 Adult Brain    4.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    2.6 Adult Crop    9 Adult Midgut    14.2 Adult Hindgut    3.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6 Adult Fat Body    15 Adult Salivary Gland    23.2 Adult Heart    3.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    12.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    10.2 Adult Ovary    3.3 Adult Testis    4.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.8 Adult Carcass    14.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    230.975 Larval Midgut    18 Larval Hindgut    8.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    8.6 Larval Fat Body    7.6 Larval Salivary Gland    15 Larval Trachea    2.1 Larval Carcass    5.625 Adult Head    7.4 Adult Eye    4.025 Adult Brain    4.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    2.6 Adult Crop    9 Adult Midgut    14.2 Adult Hindgut    3.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6 Adult Fat Body    15 Adult Salivary Gland    23.2 Adult Heart    3.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    12.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    10.2 Adult Ovary    3.3 Adult Testis    4.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.8 Adult Carcass    14.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    230.975 Larval Midgut    18 Larval Hindgut    8.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    8.6 Larval Fat Body    7.6 Larval Salivary Gland    15 Larval Trachea    2.1 Larval Carcass    5.625 Adult Head    7.4 Adult Eye    4.025 Adult Brain    4.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    2.6 Adult Crop    9 Adult Midgut    14.2 Adult Hindgut    3.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6 Adult Fat Body    15 Adult Salivary Gland    23.2 Adult Heart    3.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    12.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    10.2 Adult Ovary    3.3 Adult Testis    4.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.8 Adult Carcass    14.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    230.975 Larval Midgut    18 Larval Hindgut    8.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    8.6 Larval Fat Body    7.6 Larval Salivary Gland    15 Larval Trachea    2.1 Larval Carcass    5.625 Adult Head    7.4 Adult Eye    4.025 Adult Brain    4.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    2.6 Adult Crop    9 Adult Midgut    14.2 Adult Hindgut    3.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6 Adult Fat Body    15 Adult Salivary Gland    23.2 Adult Heart    3.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    12.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    10.2 Adult Ovary    3.3 Adult Testis    4.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.8 Adult Carcass    14.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    7.4   NA  Eye    4.025   NA  Brain    4.1   230.975  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    2.6   NA  Crop    9   no informative data  Midgut    no informative data   8.8  Hindgut    3.8   8.6  Malpighian Tubules    6   7.6  Fat Body    no informative data   no informative data  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    3.925   2.1  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    no informative data   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    no informative data   NA  Ovary    3.3   NA  Testis    4.5   NA  Male Accessory Gland    3.8   5.625  Carcass    no informative data FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    3 central nervous system, larvae L3    26 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    3 central nervous system, larvae L3  26 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    3 central nervous system, larvae L3    26 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    3 central nervous system, larvae L3    26 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    3 central nervous system, larvae L3    26 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    3 central nervous system, larvae L3  26 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    3 central nervous system, larvae L3    26 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    3 central nervous system, larvae L3    26 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 hour embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    6 embryo 02-04hr    103 embryo 04-06hr    105 embryo 06-08hr    65 embryo 08-10hr    53 embryo 10-12hr    41 embryo 12-14hr    30 embryo 14-16hr    18 embryo 16-18hr    12 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    3 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    0 pupae 3d postWPP    0 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    6 embryo 02-04hr  (103) embryo 04-06hr  (105) embryo 06-08hr  (65) embryo 08-10hr  (53) embryo 10-12hr  (41) embryo 12-14hr  (30) embryo 14-16hr    18 embryo 16-18hr    12 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    3 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    0 pupae 3d postWPP    0 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    6 embryo 02-04hr  103 embryo 04-06hr  105 embryo 06-08hr    65 embryo 08-10hr    53 embryo 10-12hr    41 embryo 12-14hr    30 embryo 14-16hr    18 embryo 16-18hr    12 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    3 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    0 pupae 3d postWPP    0 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    6 embryo 02-04hr    103 embryo 04-06hr    105 embryo 06-08hr    65 embryo 08-10hr    53 embryo 10-12hr    41 embryo 12-14hr    30 embryo 14-16hr    18 embryo 16-18hr    12 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    3 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    0 pupae 3d postWPP    0 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    6 embryo 02-04hr    103 embryo 04-06hr    105 embryo 06-08hr    65 embryo 08-10hr    53 embryo 10-12hr    41 embryo 12-14hr    30 embryo 14-16hr    18 embryo 16-18hr    12 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    3 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    0 pupae 3d postWPP    0 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    6 embryo 02-04hr  (103) embryo 04-06hr  (105) embryo 06-08hr  (65) embryo 08-10hr  (53) embryo 10-12hr  (41) embryo 12-14hr  30 embryo 14-16hr    18 embryo 16-18hr    12 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    3 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    0 pupae 3d postWPP    0 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    6 embryo 02-04hr  103 embryo 04-06hr  105 embryo 06-08hr    65 embryo 08-10hr    53 embryo 10-12hr    41 embryo 12-14hr    30 embryo 14-16hr    18 embryo 16-18hr    12 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    3 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    0 pupae 3d postWPP    0 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    6 embryo 02-04hr    103 embryo 04-06hr    105 embryo 06-08hr    65 embryo 08-10hr    53 embryo 10-12hr    41 embryo 12-14hr    30 embryo 14-16hr    18 embryo 16-18hr    12 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    3 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    0 pupae 3d postWPP    0 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    1 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    1 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    1 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    1 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    1 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    1 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    1 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    1 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_31 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_06
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • CG3956 RE35237 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003448 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG3956-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for sna Stages(s) 1-3 Stages(s) 4-6 Stages(s) 7-8 Stages(s) 9-10 Stages(s) 11-12 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | embryonic stage | recessive sna1 sna2 sna4 sna5 sna6 sna18 snaunspecified lethal | recessive sna1 sna2 sna3 sna4 sna5 sna6 sna18 snaSco-rv15 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 snaGD1536 snaGD17171 Other Phenotypes Allele neuroanatomy defective sna18 visible, with Scer\GAL4455.2 snaScer\UAS.cFa visible, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 snaScer\UAS.cFa visible | dominant snaSco snaSco-rv8 visible | recessive sna4 sna5 wild-type snahs.PF Phenotype manifest in Allele abdominal dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaE & dendrite sna18 adult Malpighian tubule Type II cell sna18 adult thorax sna1 sna2 sna3 sna4 sna5 sna6 anterior midgut primordium sna18 sna6 anterior postalar bristle snaSco anterior scutellar bristle snaSco cardioblast snatwi.g.PE denticle belt sna1 sna18 sna2 sna3 sna4 sna5 sna6 snaa.cBa snaSco-rv15 dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaE & dendrite sna18 dorsocentral bristle snaSco embryo | ventral snaunspecified embryonic/first instar larval cuticle snaa.cBa embryonic/larval hindgut | embryonic stage sna18 sna20 embryonic/larval pericardial cell | precursor snatwi.g.PE endoderm sna1 sna19 eye snaSco eye, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 snaScer\UAS.cFa gastrula embryo sna1 sna12 sna18 sna19 sna2 sna20 haltere sna1 sna2 sna3 sna4 sna5 sna6 interommatidial bristle snaSco interommatidial bristle, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 snaScer\UAS.cFa Malpighian tubule sna18 sna20 Malpighian tubule tip cell sna18 sna20 mesoderm snatwi.g.PE notopleural bristle snaSco ommatidium snaSco ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 snaScer\UAS.cFa postalar bristle snaSco posterior midgut primordium sna18 sna6 posterior scutellar bristle snaSco principal midgut epithelial cell sna19 retina | ventral, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH snaScer\UAS.cAa scutellar bristle snaSco-rv8 snaSco scutellar bristle & tormogen cell, with Scer\GAL4455.2 snaScer\UAS.cFa scutellar bristle & trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4455.2 snaScer\UAS.cFa upper humeral bristle snaSco ventral furrow sna1 sna18 sna2 sna3 sna6 snadsRNA.cGa snatwi.g.PE snaunspecified snaSco-rv15 visceral mesoderm sna18 sna6 snatwi.g.PE yolk snaa.cBa
Classical Alleles ( 41 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of sna Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion snaSco X ray 117 Yes sna18 loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 4 -- sna1 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 2 Yes sna19 X ray ethyl methanesulfonate 1 -- sna20 X ray ethyl methanesulfonate 1 -- snaMI04888 1 -- sna6 amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 0 Yes sna10 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes sna11 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sna12 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes sna13 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sna14 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sna15 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sna16 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sna17 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sna2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sna3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sna4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sna5 X ray 0 -- sna7 X ray 0 -- sna8 X ray 0 -- sna9 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- snaAM15 0 -- snaH50 alpha ray 0 -- snary40 X ray 0 -- snaSco-rv11 X ray 0 -- snaSco-rv12 X ray 0 -- snaSco-rv13 X ray 0 -- snaSco-rv15 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- snaSco-rv17 X ray 0 -- snaSco-rv1 X ray 0 -- snaSco-rv21 X ray 0 -- snaSco-rv23 X ray 0 -- snaSco-rv24 X ray 0 -- snaSco-rv26 X ray 0 -- snaSco-rv27 X ray 0 Yes snaSco-rv2 X ray 0 -- snaSco-rv5 X ray 0 -- snaSco-rv8 X ray 0 -- snaSco-rv9 X ray 0 -- snaunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 50 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of sna Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion snaGD17171 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes snaGD1536 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes snaHMS01252 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes snaJF03094 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes sna+t24.8 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes sna24.8.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes sna2XPE.T:Scer\GAL4 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes snaa.cBa in vitro construct 0 Yes snaAct5C.PI in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes snaAct5C.PM in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes snacAa in vitro construct - genomic fragment in vitro construct 0 Yes snacBa in vitro construct 0 Yes snadsRNA.cGa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes snaDtoP.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes snaDtoP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes snafl.eve FLPase 0 Yes snahs.PF in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes snaM12 in vitro construct 0 Yes snaM1 in vitro construct 0 Yes snaM2 in vitro construct 0 Yes snaNIG.3956R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes snaP-DLS-K:R.eve FLPase 0 Yes snaScer\FRT.fl.eve in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes snaScer\FRT.P-DLS-K:R.eve in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes snaScer\UAS.cAa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes snaScer\UAS.cFa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes snaScer\UAS.T:Ecol\dam,T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes snasna.C in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes snasna.CR in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes snasna.mutK in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes snasna.mutKR in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes snasna.mutR in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes snasna.N in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes snasna.ΔM1 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes snasna.ΔM2 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes snasna.ΔM3 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes snasna.ΔM4 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes snasna.ΔM5 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes snasna.ΔM6 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes snasna.ΔM7 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes snaSquish.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes snaSquish in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes snatwi.c.PE in vitro construct 0 Yes snatwi.g.PE in vitro construct 0 Yes snaΔDistal.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes snaΔDistal in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes snaΔPD.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes snaΔPD in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes snaΔProx.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes snaΔProx in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Ab(2)Scorv15 (Grau et al., 1984) Df(2L)A48 (Cai et al., 2001, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, Fossett et al., 1994, Grau et al., 1984) Df(2L)A246 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)A337 (Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)A377 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner, 1982) Df(2L)Adh-nBR101 (Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)Adh-nBR103 (Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)Adh-nBR120 (Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)Adh-nBR126 (Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)Adh-nBR130 (Fossett et al., 1994, Roote, 1996.1.11, Roote, 1996.8) Df(2L)b80e4 (Ashburner et al., 1990) Df(2L)do1 (Ashraf et al., 1999, Ashburner, 1982, Roote, 1996.8) Df(2L)el80f1 (Ashburner et al., 1983) Df(2L)Exel7063 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(2L)fn1 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, Grau et al., 1984) Df(2L)fn26 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1990) Df(2L)fn27 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner, 1982, Ashburner et al., 1990) Df(2L)J54 (Muller et al., 1999) Df(2L)n78l3 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1990) Df(2L)osp29 (Cai et al., 2001, Ashburner et al., 1982, Furukawa et al., 1992, Grau et al., 1984, Harbecke and Lengyel, 1995) Df(2L)PA4 (Ashburner et al., 1983, Roote et al., 1996) Df(2L)r10 (Ashraf et al., 1999, Ashburner et al., 1990) Df(2L)RI1 (Ashraf et al., 1999) Df(2L)Sco7 (Ashburner et al., 1983, Ashburner et al., 1990) Df(2L)Scorv10 (Ashburner et al., 1983, Grau et al., 1984, Roote et al., 1996) Df(2L)Scorv14 (Ashraf et al., 1999, Ashburner et al., 1983, Roote et al., 1996) Df(2L)Scorv16 (Ashraf et al., 1999, Ashburner et al., 1983, Ashburner et al., 1990, Grau et al., 1984) Df(2L)Scorv18 (Ashraf et al., 1999, Ashburner et al., 1983, Ashburner et al., 1990, Roote et al., 1996) Df(2L)Scorv19 (Ashburner et al., 1983, Ashburner et al., 1990, Grau et al., 1984, Dubin et al., 1995) Df(2L)Scorv23 (Ashburner, 1982, Ashburner et al., 1983, Grau et al., 1984) Df(2L)Scorv25 (Ashburner et al., 1983, Ashburner et al., 1990, Grau et al., 1984, Dubin et al., 1995) Df(2L)sna2.4LGYLR (Matthews, 2003.12.17) Df(2L)sna2.40 (Matthews, 2003.12.17) Df(2L)SS1 (Ashburner et al., 1999.10.12, Ashburner et al., 1990, Grau et al., 1984, Goubeaud et al., 1996) Df(2L)TE35B-2 (Gubb et al., 1985) Df(2L)TE35BC-3 (Cai et al., 2001, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner, 1982, Gubb et al., 1984, Ashburner et al., 1990, Grau et al., 1984) Df(2L)TE35BC-8 (Gubb et al., 1984) Df(2L)TE35BC-24 (Gubb et al., 1984) Df(2L)TE35BC-34 (Gubb et al., 1984, Ashburner et al., 1990) Df(2L)TE35BC-35 (Gubb et al., 1984) Df(2L)TE35D-1 (Ashraf et al., 1999, Ashburner et al., 1990, Sauer et al., 1995, Richardson et al., 1995) Df(2L)TE35D-2 (Ashburner et al., 1990, Furukawa et al., 1992) Df(2L)TE35D-4 (Ashburner et al., 1990) Df(2L)TE35D-6 (Ashburner et al., 1990, Furukawa et al., 1992) Df(2L)TE35D-11 (Ashraf et al., 1999, Leptin, 1991) Df(2L)TE35D-13 (Ashburner et al., 1990, Furukawa et al., 1992) Df(2L)TE35D-14 (Ashraf et al., 1999, Ashburner et al., 1990) Df(2L)TE35D-15 (Ashburner et al., 1990, Furukawa et al., 1992) Df(2L)TE35D-16 (Ashburner et al., 1990) Df(2L)TE35D-18 (Furukawa et al., 1992) Df(2L)TE35D-20 (Ashburner et al., 1990) Df(2L)TE35D-21 (Ashburner et al., 1990) Df(2L)TE35D-22 (Cai et al., 2001, Ashburner et al., 1990) Df(2L)TE35D-23 (Ashburner et al., 1990) In(2L)75c (Ashburner, 1982, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, Grau et al., 1984) In(2L)dpps22Ldppd36R (Ashburner et al., 1990) In(2L)el18 (Ashburner et al., 1990) In(2L)TE35B-13 (Gubb et al., 1985) In(2LR)Scorv1-DV7 (Ashburner et al., 1990) T(2;3)Scorv7 (Ashburner et al., 1983, Ashburner and Harrington, 1984, Ashburner et al., 1990, Grau et al., 1984, Roote et al., 1996) Tp(2;2)A446 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, Fossett et al., 1994) Tp(2;2)Sco (Fuse et al., 1999)
Not disrupted in	Df(2L)64j (Ashburner, 1982, Ashburner et al., 1990, Furukawa et al., 1992) Df(2L)A47 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)A63 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)A72 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, Ashburner et al., 1990, Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)A178 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)A215 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)A217 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)A220 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)A245 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)A260 (Ashburner et al., 1982) Df(2L)A263 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Furukawa et al., 1992) Df(2L)A264 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)A266 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)A267 (Cai et al., 2001, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1990, Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)A376 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner, 1982, Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)A379 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)A400 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner, 1982, Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)A445 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)Adh-nBR100 (Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)Adh-nBR102 (Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)Adh-nBR105 (Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)Adh-nBR106 (Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)Adh-nBR107 (Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)Adh-nBR117 (Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)Adh-nBR118 (Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)Adh-nBR119 (Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)Adh-nBR121 (Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)Adh-nBR122 (Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)Adh-nBR125 (Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)Adh-nBR127 (Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)Adh-nBR128 (Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)Adh-nBR129 (Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)Adh-nBR131 (Fossett et al., 1994) Df(2L)ARR1 (Ashburner, 1982, Ashburner et al., 1990, Furukawa et al., 1992) Df(2L)b80e3 (Ashburner et al., 1982) Df(2L)b81a1 (Ashburner et al., 1982) Df(2L)b84a3 (Furukawa et al., 1992) Df(2L)b84a7 (Furukawa et al., 1992) Df(2L)b84h50 (Furukawa et al., 1992) Df(2L)el20 (Ashburner et al., 1990, Roote, 1995.5.13) Df(2L)el28 (Ashburner et al., 1990, Furukawa et al., 1992) Df(2L)fn2 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, Grau et al., 1984) Df(2L)fn3 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner, 1982) Df(2L)fn5 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Furukawa et al., 1992) Df(2L)fn7 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner, 1982) Df(2L)fn12 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1990) Df(2L)fn15 (Ashburner et al., 1982) Df(2L)fn30 (Ashburner et al., 1982) Df(2L)fn31 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner, 1982) Df(2L)fn36 (Ashburner et al., 1982) Df(2L)H20 (Ashburner et al., 1990) Df(2L)noc11 (Ashburner et al., 1990) Df(2L)osp38 (Ashburner et al., 1990) Df(2L)osp144 (Ashburner et al., 1982) Df(2L)RA5 (Ashburner et al., 1990) Df(2L)rd9 (Ashburner et al., 1990, Furukawa et al., 1992) Df(2L)RM5 (Ashburner et al., 1990) Df(2L)RN2 (Ashburner et al., 1990) Df(2L)Sco-1 (Ashburner, 1982) Df(2L)Scorv4 (Ashburner et al., 1983, Ashburner et al., 1990) Df(2L)TE35B-1 (Gubb et al., 1985) Df(2L)TE35B-3 (Gubb et al., 1985) Df(2L)TE35B-4 (Gubb et al., 1985) Df(2L)TE35B-5 (Gubb et al., 1985) Df(2L)TE35B-6 (Gubb et al., 1985) Df(2L)TE35B-7 (Gubb et al., 1985) Df(2L)TE35B-8 (Gubb et al., 1985) Df(2L)TE35B-9 (Gubb et al., 1985) Df(2L)TE35B-10 (Gubb et al., 1985) Df(2L)TE35B-11 (Gubb et al., 1985) Df(2L)TE35B-12 (Gubb et al., 1985) Df(2L)TE35B-15 (Gubb et al., 1985) Df(2L)TE35BC-1 (Ashburner, 1982, Gubb et al., 1984) Df(2L)TE35BC-4 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner, 1982, Gubb et al., 1984, Ashburner et al., 1990) Df(2L)TE35BC-6 (Gubb et al., 1984) Df(2L)TE35BC-7 (Gubb et al., 1984, Furukawa et al., 1992) Df(2L)TE35BC-23 (Gubb et al., 1984) Df(2L)TE35BC-28 (Gubb et al., 1984, Furukawa et al., 1992) Df(2L)TE35BC-29 (Gubb et al., 1984) Df(2L)TE35BC-31 (Gubb et al., 1984) Df(2L)TE35D-3 (Ashburner et al., 1990) Df(2L)TE35D-19 (Ashburner et al., 1990) Df(2L)W (Ashburner et al., 1982) In(2L)C158LScorv11R (Ashburner et al., 1983, Ashburner and Harrington, 1984) In(2L)C158LScorv17R (Ashburner et al., 1983, Ashburner and Harrington, 1984) In(2LR)noc4LScorv9R (Cai et al., 2001, Ashburner and Harrington, 1984) In(2LR)pkD1-rv10 (Roote, 1997.6.6) In(2LR)TE35B-6LScorv9R (Ashburner and Harrington, 1984) T(Y;2)A80DR15P (Ashburner et al., 1982) Ts(2Lt;3Lt)TE35B-4+Ts(2Rt;3Rt)Scorv13 (Ashburner and Harrington, 1984) Ts(2Lt;3Lt)TE35BC-3+Ts(2Rt;3Rt)Scorv13 (Ashburner et al., 1983, Ashburner and Harrington, 1984) Ts(Y;2Lt)el4+Ts(YSt;2Rt)R15 (Ashburner et al., 1982)
Duplicated in	Dp(2;1)Scorv23 (Ashburner et al., 1990) Dp(2;2)TE35B-54L (Ashburner et al., 1990) Dp(2;3)osp3 (Ashburner et al., 1990) Dp(3)sna2.40 (Matthews, 2003.12.17) In(2L)C163.41LC158R (Ashburner, 1982, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Not duplicated in	Dp(2;1)Scorv23 (Ashburner, 1982, Ashburner et al., 1983) Dp(2;2)Adh3 (Ashburner, 1982) Dp(2;2)GYL (Ashburner, 1982, Ashburner et al., 1990) Dp(2;2)GYS (Ashburner, 1982, Grau et al., 1984) In(2L)Scorv17LC158R (Ashburner, 1982, Ashburner et al., 1990)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD1536} NA P{GD17171} NA P{NIG.3956R} NA P{TRiP.HMS01252} NA P{TRiP.JF03094} NA P{UAS-sna.A} NA P{UAS-sna.Dam} NA P{UAS-sna.F} NA reporter construct M{sna-lacZ.d2.0} No P{0.8} No P{0.25kbsna-lacZ} No P{1.6kbsna-lacZ} No P{2.2kbsna-lacZ} No P{2.8kbsna-lacZ} No P{6.0kbsna-lacZ} No P{A1.3} No P{HR} No P{HR-p} No P{NB} No P{RE-p} No P{RP} No P{RP-p} No P{TD-p} No P{W0.1} No P{W0.05} No P{W0.18} No P{W0.25} No P{Δd1Δd4} No P{Δd5Δd10} No P{Δt1Δt2} No heat-shock construct P{HSsna} NA GAL4 construct P{2XPE-sna.GAL4} No characterization construct P{2xPE-sna.g} NA P{eve(FRT)h::sna.N} NA P{eve(-FRT)h::sna.N} NA P{hb-h::sna.J} NA P{Psnac} NA P{sna.eve.fl} NA P{sna.eve.P-DLS-K:R} NA P{sna.FRT.fl} NA P{sna.FRT.P-DLS-K:R} NA P{snaa.cBa} NA P{snacAa} NA P{snacBa} NA P{snaM1} NA P{snaM2} NA P{snaM12} NA P{sna-GAL4.A} NA P{sna-sna::wor} NA P{sna-sna.C} NA P{sna-sna.CR} NA P{sna-sna.mutK} NA P{sna-sna.mutR} NA P{sna-sna.N} NA P{sna-sna.ΔM1} NA P{sna-sna.ΔM2} NA P{sna-sna.ΔM3} NA P{sna-sna.ΔM4} NA P{sna-sna.ΔM5} NA P{sna-sna.ΔM6} NA P{sna-sna.ΔM7} NA P{sna-wor::sna} NA PBac{sna.24.8} NA PBac{sna.DtoP} NA PBac{sna.Squish} NA PBac{sna.ΔDistal} NA PBac{sna.ΔPD} NA PBac{sna.ΔProx} NA PBac{sna-GFP.24.8} NA PBac{sna-GFP.DtoP} NA PBac{sna-GFP.Squish} NA PBac{sna-GFP.ΔDistal} NA PBac{sna-GFP.ΔPD} NA PBac{sna-GFP.ΔProx} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions Mi{MIC}snaMI04888 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 31 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 18 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
DNA binding inferred from direct assay (Southall and Brand, 2009) repressing transcription factor binding inferred from physical interaction with CtBP (Qi et al., 2008) inferred from physical interaction with ebi (Qi et al., 2008) RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding inferred from direct assay (Postigo et al., 1999) contributes_to RNA polymerase II transcription corepressor activity inferred from physical interaction with ebi (Qi et al., 2008) sequence-specific DNA binding inferred from direct assay (Kasai et al., 1992)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
adherens junction organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Mathew et al., 2011) asymmetric neuroblast division inferred from genetic interaction with esg, wor (Cai et al., 2003) central nervous system development inferred from mutant phenotype (Ashraf et al., 1999) compound eye development inferred from mutant phenotype (Anderson et al., 2006) dendrite morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Parrish et al., 2006) gastrulation involving germ band extension inferred from mutant phenotype (Hemavathy et al., 2004) Malpighian tubule morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Jack and Myette, 1999) muscle organ development inferred from mutant phenotype (Parrish et al., 2006) negative regulation of gene expression inferred from direct assay (Anderson et al., 2006) negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter inferred from direct assay (Postigo et al., 1999, Qi et al., 2008) positive regulation of histone deacetylation inferred from direct assay (Qi et al., 2008) positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter inferred from mutant phenotype (Ashraf et al., 1999)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from direct assay AND inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Kasai et al., 1992)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 17 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
DNA binding non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1988.8.1) sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity non-traceable author statement (FlyBase, 1992-) zinc ion binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR007087, InterPro:IPR015880 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
anterior midgut invagination non-traceable author statement (Reuter and Casal, 1994) dorsal/ventral axis specification non-traceable author statement (Lall and Patel, 2001) dorsal/ventral pattern formation, imaginal disc non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1988.8.1) ectoderm and mesoderm interaction non-traceable author statement (Stainier, 2002) gastrulation non-traceable author statement (Leptin, 1999) gastrulation involving germ band extension traceable author statement (Stathopoulos and Levine, 2004) mesodermal cell fate commitment traceable author statement (Reuter and Casal, 1994) mesodermal cell fate determination traceable author statement (Bate et al., 1999) mesodermal cell fate specification traceable author statement (Lall and Patel, 2001) mesoderm development non-traceable author statement (Stathopoulos and Levine, 2002) traceable author statement (Wilson and Leptin, 2000, Cripps and Olson, 2002) negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter traceable author statement (Leptin, 1999, Courey and Jia, 2001) regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent non-traceable author statement (FlyBase, 1992-) ventral furrow formation traceable author statement (Reuter and Casal, 1994)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Ashburner et al., 1999) non-traceable author statement (FlyBase, 1992-, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1988.8.1)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
sna - CG10077 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) sna - Cdc5 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) sna - CtBP anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) sna - Srp54 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) sna - mRpS28 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions sna allele Gene References sna1 esg (Fuse et al., 1996) sna18 fog (Morize et al., 1998) sna::wor (Hemavathy et al., 2004) twi (Reuter and Leptin, 1994) snaScer\UAS.cFa eas (Hekmat-Scafe et al., 2005) para (Hekmat-Scafe et al., 2005) snaSco z (Fuse et al., 1999) unspecified RpII140 (Parkhurst and Ish-Horowicz, 1991)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 60924 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0003448 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003448 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 34908 SignaLink - A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores. • P08044
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (55) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6JT0RH Dipteran inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6SN0HZ Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6RBP2J Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6JQGT6
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6JT0RH)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\sna     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD21953 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM14336 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG24206 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE19401 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF14523 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA17803 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL26593 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK18251 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ23192 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI22640 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH22585     Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH13116 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (None identified)
No non-Drosophilid orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6SN0HZ)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB53867 Y Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG019581 Y Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH13496 Y Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP13085 Y Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO25645 Y Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH22120 Y Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB14107 Y Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV14155 Y Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA006230 Y Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM091060 Y Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\esg Y
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6RBP2J)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\Rnf170 Y Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW012727 Y
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6JQGT6)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\K02D7.2 Y Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\ces-1 Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_001113gn Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_018393gn Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_015640gn Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\scrt1b Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\snai1b Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\scrt2 Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\snai2 Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\snai3 Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\scrt1a Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\snai2 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\snai1 Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\SNAI2 Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\SNAI1 Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\ENSGALG00000022403 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Snai3 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Snai2 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Snai1 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Scrt2 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Scrt1 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Scrt2 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Scrt1 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Snai1 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Snai3 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\SNAI3 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\SNAI1 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\SCRT2 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\SNAI2 Y
Human Orthologs (4)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\SNAI3     Hsap\SNAI1     Hsap\SCRT2     Hsap\SNAI2
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD21953 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM14336 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG24206 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE19401 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF14523 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA17803 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL26593 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK18251 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ23192 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI22640 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH13116
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 131 )
Bloomington	2555 CyO/snaSco 2551 CyO/snaSco; TM6/MRS 6226 Df(2L)pr76, snaSco/CyO 404 snaSco Bl1/CyO 503 snaSco/CyO; eyg1 582 snaSco/CyO, P{act-lacZ.B}CB1
Kyoto	107400 CyO/snaSco 108687 Df(2L)pr76, snaSco/CyO 101837 w1 ; snaSco / CyO
VDRC	v6232 w1118; P{GD1536}v6232 v50003 w1118 P{GD17171}v50003 v50004 w1118 P{GD17171}v50004
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR23I04 BACR24H10 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 156 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	RE35237
Other clones	DPiM_RE35237
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	RE47255 RE59516
Other clones	34397 48606 52672 60539 175638 274907 275410 CK01.14B.G7 CK01.92C.E4 CK01.98D.G11 EK072338 EK149043 EK168526 EK172824 EK296209 EK302925 RP003006508 RP003015788 RP003018092 RP003023847 RP003031550 RP003041346 RP003052767 RP003058887 RP003059891 RP003062293 RP003065115 RP003069033 RP003071440 RP003092261 RP003102622 RP003110732 RP003111369 RP003118547 RP003120183 RP003131226 RP003131435 RP003131843 RP003131913 RP003132530 RP003134963 RP003139582 RP003146853 RP003147781 RP003148108 RP003156818 RP003161039 RP003164084 RP003172753 RP003172905 RP003183594 RP003185310 RP003187033 RP003188103 RP003193334 RP003194978 RP003197021 RP003202307 RP003203103 RP003205320 RP003205371 RP003218602 RP003222444 RP003224150 RP003228935 RP003228997 RP003237173 RP003238623 RP003246239 RP003249299 RP003249474 RP003250264 RP003252449 RP003257855 RP003265270 RP003266036 RP003280748 RP003282951 RP003285891 RP003286340 RP003294574 RP003296415 RP003305381 RP003305441 RP003308336 RP003315936 RP003319555 RP003325288 RP003326525 RP003326662 RP003335902 RP003342769 RP003353117 RP003354843 RP003359579 RP003359969 RP003385232 RP003394146 RP003395739 RP003396282 RP003400668 RP003403463 RP003403736 RP003406805 RP003411918 RP003422401 RP003427095 RP003432395 RP003434457 RP003435069 RP003448327 RP003454294 RP003459523 RP003459682 RP003469776 RP003473639 RP003473694 RP003492529 RP003499398 RP003500041 RP003500467 RP003518488 RP003521921 RP003524014 RP003525331 RP003530296 RP003546074 RP003558799 RP003562634 RP003563493 RP003576863 RP003583515 RP003584452 RP003585357 RP003591887 RP003595494 RP003600878 RP003609888 RP003611215 RP003616229 RP003617967 RP003620791 RP003636386 RP003641790 RP003645028 RP003645323 RP003645561 RP003647456 RP003648356 RP003654183 RP003663369 RP003671907
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003448 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 34908
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Alberga et al., 1991)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: sna CG3956 (Kodira, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of
Additional comments	The "Sco" (Scutoid) mutant allele was previously listed as an allele of noc in FlyBase, as genetic analysis showed that a high dose of the wild-type noc gene suppresses the expressivity of the Sco phenotype, suggesting that Sco was an antimorphic allele of noc (FBrf0038047). However, FBrf0111871 shows that Sco is in fact an antimorphic allele of sna, and the mutant phenotype is caused by ectopic expression of sna in the eye-antennal and wing imaginal discs.  The Sco allele is therefore now listed as an allele of sna in FlyBase.  FBrf0111871 suggests that the reason that noc in trans affects the expressivity of Sco may be due to transvection effects, as they show that mutations in z, a mediator of transvection, also affect the Sco mutant phenotype. (FlyBase, 1992-)
Other Comments
	DNA-protein interactions: genome-wide binding profile assayed for sna protein in 2-3 hr embryos; see BDTNP1_TFBS_sna collection report. (MacArthur et al., 2009) dsRNA has been made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene. RNAi of sna causes dorsal overextension of primary dendrites in ddaD and ddaE neurons. For such neurons, the most distal branchpoint is located 25 microns or further from the distal tip of the primary dendrite. However, branching of these dendrites is almost completely blocked. RNAi also causes defects in muscle, defects in dendrite morphogenesis and reproducible defects in da dendrite development. (Parrish et al., 2006) The normal location of the ventral furrow in embryos with uniformly expressed fog suggests the existence of a fog-independent pathway determining mesoderm-specific cell behaviours and invagination. Epistasis experiments indicate this pathway requires sna but not twi expression. (Morize et al., 1998) In vitro binding assays, gene dosage studies and transgenic repression assays suggest that CtBP may be required for kni-mediated repression in the early embryo. (Nibu et al., 1998) CtBP mediates transcriptional repression by the kni, Kr and sna products in the Drosophila embryo. (Nibu et al., 1998) Analysis of sna mutant alleles suggests that different target genes respond to different functional levels of sna protein. (Hemavathy et al., 1997) Expression of esg in the neuroectoderm is studied, the expression pattern prefigures that of the ASC genes. Dorsoventral pattern of esg expression in the blastoderm is determined by three independent repressive cues (dpp, sna and twi). (Yagi and Hayashi, 1997) esg and sna function as intrinsic determinants of wing cell fate. esg and sna expression in the wing are maintained by their auto- and crossactivation, and control the same set of genes required for wing development. (Fuse et al., 1996) The Kr and sna proteins function as short range repressors, which can mediate either quenching or direct repression of a transcription complex, depending on the location of repressor sites. Local quenching and dominant repression require close linkage of the repressor with either upstream activators or the transcription complex. (Gray and Levine, 1996) Molecular analysis suggests that sna protein acts over distances of 50-150bp to block the activity, but not the binding, of the dl activator to the rho 650bp enhancer. (Gray et al., 1995) sna can mediate efficient repression when bound 50-100bp from upstream activator sites. Repression does not depend in proximity of sna-binding sites to the transcription initiation site. (Gray et al., 1994) Deletion analysis of the sna promoter suggests that sequences directing expression in the CNS can be separated from those required for expression in the PNS. (Ip et al., 1994) sna is sufficient to induce the formation of an attenuated ventral furrow in the absence of twi+ gene activity. Expression of sna in the absence of twi uncouples ventral furrow formation and mesoderm differentiation, invaginating cells fail to express various mesoderm marker genes. (Ip et al., 1994) twi, sna, hkb and tll gene products define the positions of the primordia of the germ layers and thereby the regions in which the blastoderm epithelium will invaginate. (Leptin, 1994) Lack of Mef2 gene expression in sna mutant embryos suggests that Mef2 lies downstream in the regulatory pathway. (Lilly et al., 1994) Mesodermal fate is determined where sna and twi but not hkb are expressed. Anteriorly, hkb together with sna determines endodermal fate, and hkb together with twi and sna are required for foregut development. (Reuter and Leptin, 1994) Promoter fusions using elements of the twi, rho, da and sna promoters indicate that low affinity dl-binding sites restrict target gene expression to the presumptive mesoderm, where there are peak levels of dl expression, while high affinity sites in other target genes permit expression in ventrolateral regions where dl levels are intermediate. Activation by low levels of dl in lateral regions depends on cooperative interaction between dl and other basic helix loop helix proteins. Promoters containing the Et (rho) or Eds (dl and sna) E boxes display opposite behaviour in da and twi mutants, suggesting they are regulated by different basic helix loop helix proteins. (Jiang and Levine, 1993) The DNA-binding site repertoire of the sna protein has been defined. The consensus sna DNA-binding sequence is 5' G/A A/t G/A A CAGGTC C/t A C 3'. (Mauhin et al., 1993) Activation of cnc in intercalary and mandibular primordia requires zygotic gap gene products, activation by btd and repression by oc (anteriorly) or sna (ventrally). (Mohler, 1993) In mutant embryos lacking the entire mesoderm or failing to differentiate the visceral mesoderm, the anterior and posterior midgut primordia form but do not migrate properly. The cells of these primordia fail to arrange into an epithelium. (Reuter et al., 1993) sna mutants fail to differentiate ventrally derived mesoderm. (Arora and Nusslein-Volhard, 1992) sna proposed to be a target of the dl morphogen. A sna repressor site has been found in the neural ectoderm expression region (NEE) of rho. Disruption of sna binding site causes derepression of rho expression in the ventral region therefore sna is responsible for establishing the mesoderm/neurectoderm boundary before gastrulation. (Ip et al., 1992) Expression patterns of various sna-Ecol\lacZ reporter gene constructs have revealed that 2.8kb of sna 5' flanking sequence contains most of the cis-regulatory elements responsible for both the early and late phases of normal sna pattern. (Ip et al., 1992) The binding of sna protein to sites within sim regulatory sequences has been studied. (Kasai et al., 1992) The zygotically acting DV genes repress ac expression within specific DV domains. (Skeath et al., 1992) Orthologs present in S.coprophila, C.vicina, P.cinerea, A.mellifera, T.castaneum, P.phalangoides, C.apomalans, O.latipes and X.laevis. (Sommer et al., 1992) Sequence alignments of orthologous fragments of hb, Kr and sna from a variety of arthropods and other phyla show that amino acid differences are not normally correlated with evolutionary distance between respective species. Amino acids directly involved in DNA binding are the most conserved, and binding specificity of a hb finger from different species is not changed. (Sommer et al., 1992) The expression of sna RNA and protein throughout embryogenesis has been studied. (Alberga et al., 1991) The effect of the terminal system on the expression of 2 zygotic genes involved in dorsoventral patterning, sna and dpp, is mediated by a reduction in dl activity by the terminal system. Due to this interaction the poles adopt a more dorsalised fate than their counterparts in the middle of the embryo. (Casanova, 1991) Establishment of the mesoderm neuroectoderm boundary involves the interaction of twi, sna and dl proteins. (Kosman et al., 1991) sna prevents expression in the mesoderm of genes that are destined to be active only in more lateral or dorsal regions. (Leptin, 1991) Mutations in zygotic ventral class gene sna interact with RpII140wimp. (Parkhurst and Ish-Horowicz, 1991) In sna mutant embryos the ventral furrow fails to form at gastrulation resulting in an absence of all mesodermal derivatives in the mature embryo. (Perrimon et al., 1991) Polar expression of sna requires genes of the terminal group. (Ray et al., 1991) Zygotically active locus involved in the terminal developmental program in the embryo. (Strecker et al., 1991) 17 additional alleles are discussed but are not named. (Ashburner et al., 1990) twi and sna have been shown to independently control different aspects of ventral cell behaviour during gastrulation. (Leptin and Grunewald, 1990) The sna mutant phenotype is enhanced zygotically by haploidy of the elbow-noc region and the interval defined by lace and CycE on the second chromosome. (Grau et al., 1984)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_057384 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_476732 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAF44944 AAF53463 AAQ23573 AE003413 AJ251486 BI238718 BT010255 CAA68397 CAB62556 Y00288 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 34908 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P08044
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Zinc finger C2H2-type/integrase DNA-binding domain (IPR013087) Zinc finger, C2H2-like (IPR015880) Zinc finger, C2H2 (IPR007087) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • CG3956 RE35237
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 60924 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0003448 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003448 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003448 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003448 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG3956-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0003448 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 34908 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /torstoll/snail1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 34908 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0003448 REDfly - A database of transcriptional regulatory elements. • FBgn0003448 SignaLink - A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores. • P08044
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 17 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	BG:DS01845.1 (Ashburner et al., 1999.10.12, Ashburner et al., 1999) br28 (Furukawa et al., 1992) br29 (Ashburner and Harrington, 1984, Grau et al., 1984, Gubb et al., 1985) CG3956 (Lu et al., 2009, Perkins et al., 2009, Friedman et al., 2011.5.2, Ni et al., 2011.7.19) l35Db (Fossett et al., 1994) l(2)35Db (Ashburner et al., 1999, The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna, Alexandrova et al., 1996, ) l(2)br28 (The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna, Ashburner et al., 1990, Ashburner, 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1982, ) l(2)br29 (Ashburner et al., 1982, Ashburner et al., 1983, Gubb et al., 1984, Gubb et al., 1986) l(3)br28 (Ashburner et al., 1983) Sco (Protzer et al., 2009, Ashburner and Harrington, 1984, Birkholz et al., 2009, Grau et al., 1984, Sur et al., 1995, Woodruff and Ashburner, 1979, Elsaesser et al., 2010) sn (Andrew et al., 2000) sna (ten Bosch et al., 2006, Prothmann et al., 2006, Ronshaugen and Levine, 2004, Reeves and Posakony, 2005, Lim and Tomlinson, 2006, Carneiro et al., 2006, Wheeler et al., 2006, Zeitlinger et al., 2007, Anderson et al., 2006, Stathopoulos and Levine, 2005, Ratnaparkhi et al., 2006, Turki-Judeh and Courey, 2012, Jennings et al., 2006, Frise et al., 2008, Seher et al., 2007, Geng and MacDonald, 2007, Cowden and Levine, 2003, Philippakis et al., 2006, Frise et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2007, Fernandez-Sanchez et al., 2010, Nègre et al., 2011, Li et al., 2011, Kuzin et al., 2011, Biehs et al., 2010, Mathew et al., 2011, Qi et al., 2008, Li et al., 2008, Yu and Small, 2008, Martin et al., 2009, Liang et al., 2008, Pouille et al., 2009, Weber et al., 2009, Lu et al., 2009, Jennings et al., 2008, Roote, 2010.1.4, Liberman et al., 2009, Fontenele et al., 2009, Birkholz et al., 2009, Gim et al., 2001, Jia et al., 2002, Beltran et al., 2007, Cave et al., 2011, Aerts et al., 2010, Martin et al., 2010, Dunipace et al., 2011, Tom et al., 2011, Pruteanu-Malinici et al., 2011, Ozdemir et al., 2011, Ratnaparkhi et al., 2008, Andrioli et al., 2012, Konikoff et al., 2012, Popkova et al., 2012, Murray et al., 2012, Reeves et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Aswani et al., 2012, Kvon et al., 2012, Haskel-Ittah et al., 2012, Richter et al., 2011) Sna (Papatsenko et al., 2009, Southall and Brand, 2009, The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Puri et al., 2008, Park and Hong, 2012) SNA (MacArthur et al., 2009, modENCODE Consortium et al., 2010, Yang et al., 2012) snail (Fernandez-Gonzalez and Zallen, 2011)
Name Synonym	Scutoid (Birkholz et al., 2009, Smith, 1996) sna (Frise et al., 2010) snail (Andrew et al., 2000, Alberga, 1987.12.4, ten Bosch et al., 2006, Prothmann et al., 2006, Leptin, 2005, Hsouna et al., 2007, Lawrence, 2006, Boulay et al., 1987, Biemar et al., 2006, Wheeler et al., 2006, Papatsenko et al., 2006, Anderson et al., 2006, Kolsch et al., 2007, Ratnaparkhi et al., 2006, Jennings et al., 2006, Montell, 2006, Seher et al., 2007, Geng and MacDonald, 2007, Cowden and Levine, 2003, Wang et al., 2007, Ishihara and Shibata, 2008, Qi et al., 2008, De Renzis et al., 2007, Li et al., 2008, Peng et al., 2007, Crocker et al., 2008, Martin et al., 2009, De Renzis et al., 2006, Pouille et al., 2009, Jennings et al., 2008, Fernandez-Gonzalez et al., 2009, Zeitlinger et al., 2007, Fontenele et al., 2009, Birkholz et al., 2009, Gurunathan et al., 2004, Martin et al., 2010, Ismat et al., 2010, Tom et al., 2011, Nagel et al., 2007, Copley et al., 2007, Kuzin et al., 2011, Ozdemir et al., 2011, Ratnaparkhi et al., 2008, Yang et al., 2012, Haskel-Ittah et al., 2012) Snail (Nibu et al., 2007, Lawrence, 2006, Holley, 2006, Zinzen et al., 2006, Nguyen and Frasch, 2006, Parrish et al., 2006, Zeitlinger et al., 2007, Nibu et al., 2003, Beaver et al., 2008, Koelsch and Leptin, 2008, Stark et al., 2007, Southall and Brand, 2009, Hong et al., 2008, De Renzis et al., 2007, MacArthur et al., 2009, Zeitlinger et al., 2007, Gim et al., 2001, Kheradpour et al., 2007, Aerts et al., 2010, Fakhouri et al., 2010, Martin et al., 2010, Bothma et al., 2011, Driquez et al., 2011, Murray et al., 2012)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0016654
References ( 513 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 513 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 310 ) Supplementary material  ( 9 ) Review  ( 110 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 20 ) Abstract  ( 48 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Stock list  ( 3 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 3 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Book  ( 1 ) Thesis  ( 1 ) Conference report  ( 3 )
Recent research papers ( 34 )
	Boettiger and Levine, 2013, Cell Rep. 3(1): 8--15 Rapid Transcription Fosters Coordinate snail Expression in the Drosophila Embryo. [FBrf0220691] Staller et al., 2013, Genetics 193(1): 51--61 Depleting Gene Activities in Early Drosophila Embryos with the "Maternal-Gal4-shRNA" System. [FBrf0220341] Andrioli et al., 2012, Dev. Biol. 361(1): 177--185 Huckebein is part of a combinatorial repression code in the anterior blastoderm. [FBrf0216872] Aswani et al., 2012, Methods Cell Biol. 110: 243--261 Nonparametric variable selection and modeling for spatial and temporal regulatory networks. [FBrf0217971] Fisher et al., 2012, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109(52): 21330--21335 DNA regions bound at low occupancy by transcription factors do not drive patterned reporter gene expression in Drosophila. [FBrf0220344] Gaertner et al., 2012, Cell Rep. 2(6): 1670--1683 Poised RNA Polymerase II Changes over Developmental Time and Prepares Genes for Future Expression. [FBrf0220312] Haskel-Ittah et al., 2012, Cell 150(5): 1016--1028 Self-organized shuttling: generating sharp dorsoventral polarity in the early Drosophila embryo. [FBrf0219335] Helman et al., 2012, Development 139(16): 3032--3039 RTK signaling modulates the Dorsal gradient. [FBrf0219062] Herranz et al., 2012, Curr. Biol. 22(8): 651--657 Mutual repression by bantam miRNA and Capicua links the EGFR/MAPK and Hippo pathways in growth control. [FBrf0220229] Holmqvist et al., 2012, PLoS Genet. 8(6): e1002769 Preferential Genome Targeting of the CBP Co-Activator by Rel and Smad Proteins in Early Drosophila melanogaster Embryos. [FBrf0218675] Konikoff et al., 2012, Dev. Dyn. 241(1): 150--160 Comparison of embryonic expression within multigene families using the flyexpress discovery platform reveals more spatial than temporal divergence. [FBrf0216961] Kvon et al., 2012, Genes Dev. 26(9): 908--913 HOT regions function as patterned developmental enhancers and have a distinct cis-regulatory signature. [FBrf0218184] Murray et al., 2012, Dev. Genes Evol. 222(6): 361--368 Snail-dependent repression of the RhoGEF pebble is required for gastrulation consistency in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0219866] Park and Hong, 2012, BMB Rep. 45(10): 577--582 Mesodermal repression of single-minded in Drosophila embryo is mediated by a cluster of Snail-binding sites proximal to the early promoter. [FBrf0219832] Popkova et al., 2012, PLoS Genet. 8(12): e1003159 Polycomb controls gliogenesis by regulating the transient expression of the gcm/glide fate determinant. [FBrf0220515] Reeves et al., 2012, Dev. Cell 22(3): 544--557 Dorsal-ventral gene expression in the Drosophila embryo reflects the dynamics and precision of the dorsal nuclear gradient. [FBrf0217797] Turki-Judeh and Courey, 2012, PLoS ONE 7(2): e30610 The unconserved groucho central region is essential for viability and modulates target gene specificity. [FBrf0217447] Yang et al., 2012, Genome Res. 22(11): 2199--2207 The BEAF-32 insulator coordinates genome organization and function during the evolution of Drosophila species. [FBrf0219877] Belu and Mizutani, 2011, PLoS ONE 6(12): e28970 Variation in Mesoderm Specification across Drosophilids Is Compensated by Different Rates of Myoblast Fusion during Body Wall Musculature Development. [FBrf0217032] Bothma et al., 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(18): 1571--1577 The Snail Repressor Inhibits Release, Not Elongation, of Paused Pol II in the Drosophila Embryo. [FBrf0216305] Cave et al., 2011, Mol. Cell. Biol. 31(1): 22--29 Differential Regulation of Transcription through Distinct Suppressor of Hairless DNA Binding Site Architectures during Notch Signaling in Proneural Clusters. [FBrf0212524] Driquez et al., 2011, Phys. Biol. 8(6): 066007 Mechanotransduction in mechanically coupled pulsating cells: transition to collective constriction and mesoderm invagination simulation. [FBrf0216856] Dunipace et al., 2011, Development 138(18): 4075--4084 Complex interactions between cis-regulatory modules in native conformation are critical for Drosophila snail expression. [FBrf0214809] Fernandez-Gonzalez and Zallen, 2011, Phys. Biol. 8(4): 045005 Oscillatory behaviors and hierarchical assembly of contractile structures in intercalating cells. [FBrf0214479] He et al., 2011, Nat. Genet. 43(5): 414--420 High conservation of transcription factor binding and evidence for combinatorial regulation across six Drosophila species. [FBrf0213592] Kuzin et al., 2011, Mech. Dev. 128(3-4): 165--177 Functional analysis of conserved sequences within a temporally restricted neural precursor cell enhancer. [FBrf0213297] Li et al., 2011, Genome Biol. 12(4): R34 The role of chromatin accessibility in directing the widespread, overlapping patterns of Drosophila transcription factor binding. [FBrf0216471] Mathew et al., 2011, Mol. Cell. Biol. 31(24): 4978--4993 Role for traf4 in polarizing adherens junctions as a prerequisite for efficient cell shape changes. [FBrf0216703] McHale et al., 2011, Dev. Biol. 360(1): 230--240 Gene length may contribute to graded transcriptional responses in the Drosophila embryo. [FBrf0216627] Nègre et al., 2011, Nature 471(7339): 527--531 A cis-regulatory map of the Drosophila genome. [FBrf0213303] Ozdemir et al., 2011, Genome Res. 21(4): 566--577 High resolution mapping of Twist to DNA in Drosophila embryos: Efficient functional analysis and evolutionary conservation. [FBrf0213359] Pruteanu-Malinici et al., 2011, PLoS Comput. Biol. 7(7): e1002098 Automatic Annotation of Spatial Expression Patterns via Sparse Bayesian Factor Models. [FBrf0214618] Richter et al., 2011, J. Biol. Chem. 286(39): 34234--34243 Translocation of the Drosophila Transient Receptor Potential-like (TRPL) Channel Requires Both the N- and C-terminal Regions Together with Sustained Ca2+ Entry. [FBrf0216251] Tom et al., 2011, Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 46(1): 252--261 Disruption of olfactory receptor neuron patterning in Scutoid mutant Drosophila. [FBrf0212698] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...