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Gene Dmel\snf

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\snf	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	sans fille	Annotation symbol	CG4528
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0003449
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	8 publicly available
Also Known As	fs(1)1621, fs(1)A1621, liz, SNF/D25
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	X	Recombination map	1-11.7
Cytogenetic map	4F4-4F4	Sequence location	X:5,203,280..5,204,534 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene sans fille is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\snf (CG4528, FBgn0003449). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: U2 snRNA binding; protein binding; snRNA stem-loop binding; U1 snRNA binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: oogenesis; regulation of alternative nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. 17 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: ovary; egg chamber; germarium. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Nucleotide-binding, alpha-beta plait; RNA recognition motif domain. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of moderately high expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: High or moderate levels of expression observed in all larval and adult organs/tissues. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male reproductive system, larval/adult carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1634194_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of snf. Gene sequence location is X:5203280..5204534.
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	fs(1)A1621 Homozygous females viable but semisterile; males normal. Young females produce ova which can be fertilized and develop normally into adults. Older females cease production of oocytes, producing at first only pseudo nurse cells and subsequently tumorous germaria containing hundreds or thousands of cells of apparently germinal origin. Tumorogenesis takes place earlier at higher temperatures. fs(1)A1621/Df(1)C159 hemizygous for mutant; more temperature sensitive; the germ-line phenotype more severe than in homozygote but viability seems unaffected (Gollin and King). Mosaic studies suggest that gene function is germ line autonomous (Wieschaus et al.; Perrimon and Gans); however, the leakiness of the mutant phenotype introduced an element of ambiguity, raising the possibility of a somatic contribution to oogenesis as well. Interactions with Sxl alleles studied by Cline (1989), Steinmann-Zwicky (1988), and Oliver et al. (1988). Fertility of fs(1)A1621 homozygotes is rescued by the presence of SxlM1. Trans heterozygotes of fs(1)A1621 or Df(1)HC244 with Sxlf1 show very low viability when fs(1)A1621 is inherited from the female; survivors are sterile and show patchy transformations to maleness, such as sex-comb bristles and pigmentation of tergites 5 and 6. Viability of heterozygotes produced by the reciprocal cross also reduced but less so; surviving heterozygotes display reduced fertility. Viability effects appear to arise mostly from a maternal effect of the gene, whereas masculinizing and sterility effects result from decreased zygotic expression. The maternal effect of fs(1)A1621 also reduces survival of Sxlf1/+ daughters; survival is cold sensitive. The presense of SxlM1 rescues fs(1)A1621/Sxlf1 females; Df(1)HC244, SxlM1/Sxlf1 are viable and fertile without male transformations. SxlM1 is also able to rescue Sxlf1/+ from the maternal effect of fs(1)A1621/+, and fs(1)A1621 is able to rescue male viability and fertility of SxlM1 in fs(1)A1621 SxlM1 double mutants. In contrast to the sis genes, which also interact with Sxl, the zygotic dose of fs(1)A1621 has little or no influence on the sexual phenotype of 2X;3A animals; moreover, fs(1)A1621 interacts little if at all with sis-a. Thus although fs(1)A1621+ clearly has a positive involvement in Sxl+ functions, its precise placement in the sex determination hierarchy is currently unclear. It has been suggested that it is involved in the positive autoregulatory aspect of Sxl function that maintains female development. Females heterozygous for fs(1)A1621 and either ovoD1, ovoD2, or ovoD3 have ovarian tumors (Oliver, Pauli, and Mahowald, 1990, Genetics 125: 535-50).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2012_01	Sequence features HFA18835 BKN27649
FB2011_10
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 4F4-4F4   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP425 and P{EP}CG3249EP1400
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 4F2-4F2   Determined by deficiency mapping (details unspecified).   (Swan et al., 2001)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	1-11.7
Left of (cM)	dhd (Salz, 1994.12.6)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\snf for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) snf-RA FBtr0070748  NM_078490   830   216
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	1.0 (northern blot) (Flickinger and Salz, 1994) 0.806 (longest cDNA) (Harper et al., 1992)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein snf-PA   FBpp0070716   24.5   216   10.34     NP_511045   AAF46017
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	216 (aa); 28 (kD) (Flickinger and Salz, 1994) 216 (aa); 25 (kD) (Harper et al., 1992)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • RNA recognition motif domain (IPR000504) Nucleotide-binding, alpha-beta plait (IPR012677)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE014298 AAF46017   AI294521   AI387885   AI511809   AI513073   AW943777   AY061491 AAL29039   BI231442   BI231465   BI242031   BI484054   BI579290   BP555231   BP555232   BX041154   BX046051   CO280039   CO299143   EC061781   EV580022   EV597883   GH752052   GH771051   GH774824   GH822882   GH842868   GH878360   GH897612   GH905238   GH932030   L29521 AAA28903   M89775 AAA28441
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P43332
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage | female     (Flickinger and Salz, 1994) adult stage | male     (Flickinger and Salz, 1994)
Additional Descriptive Data
	snf transcripts are expressed in both males and females. (Flickinger and Salz, 1994)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage -- adult stage     (Flickinger and Salz, 1994)
Additional Descriptive Data
	snf protein is localized to the nucleus in all tissues throughout most of development. It is homogenously distributed throughout syncytial embryos and is restricted to nuclei several divisions later. Staining is observed in polytene nuclei of third instar larvae and in condensed chromosomes in early embryonic mitotic divisions. In oocytes, snf protein is found in all nuclei in the somatic and germ-line components of the ovary. High levels are found in the cytoplasm of nurse cells, suggesting that snf protein is deposited into the developing oocyte from the nurse cells. (Flickinger and Salz, 1994)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term	nucleus (Flickinger and Salz, 1994)
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0003449    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0003449 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of moderately high expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 hour embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0003449 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    9346 embryo 02-04hr    13180 embryo 04-06hr    13084 embryo 06-08hr    12293 embryo 08-10hr    10340 embryo 10-12hr    9037 embryo 12-14hr    5728 embryo 14-16hr    4250 embryo 16-18hr    3340 embryo 18-20hr    2271 embryo 20-22hr    2736 embryo 22-24hr    2798 larva L1    3224 larva L2    3505 larva L3 12hr old    2363 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3209 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3682 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4881 white prepupae new    4970 white prepupae 12hr    5396 white prepupae 24hr    6038 pupae 2d postWPP    4134 pupae 3d postWPP    2593 pupae 4d postWPP    1946 adult male 01day    2190 adult male 05day    2441 adult male 30day    2228 adult female 01day    3636 adult female 05day    5806 adult female 30day    6253 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (9346) embryo 02-04hr  (13180) embryo 04-06hr  (13084) embryo 06-08hr  (12293) embryo 08-10hr  (10340) embryo 10-12hr  (9037) embryo 12-14hr  (5728) embryo 14-16hr  (4250) embryo 16-18hr  (3340) embryo 18-20hr  (2271) embryo 20-22hr  (2736) embryo 22-24hr  (2798) larva L1  (3224) larva L2  (3505) larva L3 12hr old  (2363) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (3209) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (3682) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (4881) white prepupae new  (4970) white prepupae 12hr  (5396) white prepupae 24hr  (6038) pupae 2d postWPP  (4134) pupae 3d postWPP  (2593) pupae 4d postWPP  (1946) adult male 01day  (2190) adult male 05day  (2441) adult male 30day  (2228) adult female 01day  (3636) adult female 05day  (5806) adult female 30day  (6253) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (9346) embryo 02-04hr  (13180) embryo 04-06hr  (13084) embryo 06-08hr  (12293) embryo 08-10hr  (10340) embryo 10-12hr  (9037) embryo 12-14hr  (5728) embryo 14-16hr  (4250) embryo 16-18hr  (3340) embryo 18-20hr  (2271) embryo 20-22hr  (2736) embryo 22-24hr  (2798) larva L1  (3224) larva L2  (3505) larva L3 12hr old  (2363) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (3209) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (3682) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (4881) white prepupae new  (4970) white prepupae 12hr  (5396) white prepupae 24hr  (6038) pupae 2d postWPP  (4134) pupae 3d postWPP  (2593) pupae 4d postWPP  (1946) adult male 01day  (2190) adult male 05day  (2441) adult male 30day  (2228) adult female 01day  (3636) adult female 05day  (5806) adult female 30day  (6253) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    9346 embryo 02-04hr  (13180) embryo 04-06hr  (13084) embryo 06-08hr  (12293) embryo 08-10hr  10340 embryo 10-12hr    9037 embryo 12-14hr    5728 embryo 14-16hr    4250 embryo 16-18hr    3340 embryo 18-20hr    2271 embryo 20-22hr    2736 embryo 22-24hr    2798 larva L1    3224 larva L2    3505 larva L3 12hr old    2363 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3209 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3682 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4881 white prepupae new    4970 white prepupae 12hr    5396 white prepupae 24hr    6038 pupae 2d postWPP    4134 pupae 3d postWPP    2593 pupae 4d postWPP    1946 adult male 01day    2190 adult male 05day    2441 adult male 30day    2228 adult female 01day    3636 adult female 05day    5806 adult female 30day    6253 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    9346 embryo 02-04hr    13180 embryo 04-06hr    13084 embryo 06-08hr    12293 embryo 08-10hr    10340 embryo 10-12hr    9037 embryo 12-14hr    5728 embryo 14-16hr    4250 embryo 16-18hr    3340 embryo 18-20hr    2271 embryo 20-22hr    2736 embryo 22-24hr    2798 larva L1    3224 larva L2    3505 larva L3 12hr old    2363 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3209 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3682 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4881 white prepupae new    4970 white prepupae 12hr    5396 white prepupae 24hr    6038 pupae 2d postWPP    4134 pupae 3d postWPP    2593 pupae 4d postWPP    1946 adult male 01day    2190 adult male 05day    2441 adult male 30day    2228 adult female 01day    3636 adult female 05day    5806 adult female 30day    6253 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0003449 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    9346 embryo 02-04hr    13180 embryo 04-06hr    13084 embryo 06-08hr    12293 embryo 08-10hr    10340 embryo 10-12hr    9037 embryo 12-14hr    5728 embryo 14-16hr    4250 embryo 16-18hr    3340 embryo 18-20hr    2271 embryo 20-22hr    2736 embryo 22-24hr    2798 larva L1    3224 larva L2    3505 larva L3 12hr old    2363 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3209 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3682 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4881 white prepupae new    4970 white prepupae 12hr    5396 white prepupae 24hr    6038 pupae 2d postWPP    4134 pupae 3d postWPP    2593 pupae 4d postWPP    1946 adult male 01day    2190 adult male 05day    2441 adult male 30day    2228 adult female 01day    3636 adult female 05day    5806 adult female 30day    6253 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (9346) embryo 02-04hr  (13180) embryo 04-06hr  (13084) embryo 06-08hr  (12293) embryo 08-10hr  (10340) embryo 10-12hr  (9037) embryo 12-14hr  (5728) embryo 14-16hr  (4250) embryo 16-18hr  (3340) embryo 18-20hr  (2271) embryo 20-22hr  (2736) embryo 22-24hr  (2798) larva L1  (3224) larva L2  (3505) larva L3 12hr old  (2363) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (3209) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (3682) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (4881) white prepupae new  (4970) white prepupae 12hr  (5396) white prepupae 24hr  (6038) pupae 2d postWPP  (4134) pupae 3d postWPP  (2593) pupae 4d postWPP  (1946) adult male 01day  (2190) adult male 05day  (2441) adult male 30day  (2228) adult female 01day  (3636) adult female 05day  (5806) adult female 30day  (6253) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (9346) embryo 02-04hr  (13180) embryo 04-06hr  (13084) embryo 06-08hr  (12293) embryo 08-10hr  (10340) embryo 10-12hr  (9037) embryo 12-14hr  (5728) embryo 14-16hr  (4250) embryo 16-18hr  (3340) embryo 18-20hr  2271 embryo 20-22hr  (2736) embryo 22-24hr  (2798) larva L1  (3224) larva L2  (3505) larva L3 12hr old  2363 larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (3209) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (3682) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (4881) white prepupae new  (4970) white prepupae 12hr  (5396) white prepupae 24hr  (6038) pupae 2d postWPP  (4134) pupae 3d postWPP  (2593) pupae 4d postWPP  1946 adult male 01day  2190 adult male 05day  2441 adult male 30day  2228 adult female 01day  (3636) adult female 05day  (5806) adult female 30day  (6253) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    9346 embryo 02-04hr  13180 embryo 04-06hr  13084 embryo 06-08hr  12293 embryo 08-10hr  10340 embryo 10-12hr    9037 embryo 12-14hr    5728 embryo 14-16hr    4250 embryo 16-18hr    3340 embryo 18-20hr    2271 embryo 20-22hr    2736 embryo 22-24hr    2798 larva L1    3224 larva L2    3505 larva L3 12hr old    2363 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3209 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3682 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4881 white prepupae new    4970 white prepupae 12hr    5396 white prepupae 24hr    6038 pupae 2d postWPP    4134 pupae 3d postWPP    2593 pupae 4d postWPP    1946 adult male 01day    2190 adult male 05day    2441 adult male 30day    2228 adult female 01day    3636 adult female 05day    5806 adult female 30day    6253 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    9346 embryo 02-04hr    13180 embryo 04-06hr    13084 embryo 06-08hr    12293 embryo 08-10hr    10340 embryo 10-12hr    9037 embryo 12-14hr    5728 embryo 14-16hr    4250 embryo 16-18hr    3340 embryo 18-20hr    2271 embryo 20-22hr    2736 embryo 22-24hr    2798 larva L1    3224 larva L2    3505 larva L3 12hr old    2363 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3209 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3682 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4881 white prepupae new    4970 white prepupae 12hr    5396 white prepupae 24hr    6038 pupae 2d postWPP    4134 pupae 3d postWPP    2593 pupae 4d postWPP    1946 adult male 01day    2190 adult male 05day    2441 adult male 30day    2228 adult female 01day    3636 adult female 05day    5806 adult female 30day    6253 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0003449    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0003449 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: High or moderate levels of expression observed in all larval and adult organs/tissues. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male reproductive system, larval/adult carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0003449 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    628.275 Larval Midgut    151.9 Larval Hindgut    257.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    325 Larval Fat Body    273.9 Larval Salivary Gland    358.9 Larval Trachea    455.475 Larval Carcass    286.025 Adult Head    290.9 Adult Eye    356.9 Adult Brain    415.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    420.3 Adult Crop    249.8 Adult Midgut    218.2 Adult Hindgut    294.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    221.3 Adult Fat Body    206.6 Adult Salivary Gland    341.7 Adult Heart    238.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    337.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    326.4 Adult Ovary    478.9 Adult Testis    148.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    414.6 Adult Carcass    210.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (628.275) Larval Midgut    151.9 Larval Hindgut    257.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    325 Larval Fat Body    273.9 Larval Salivary Gland    358.9 Larval Trachea    455.475 Larval Carcass    286.025 Adult Head    290.9 Adult Eye    356.9 Adult Brain    415.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    420.3 Adult Crop    249.8 Adult Midgut    218.2 Adult Hindgut    294.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    221.3 Adult Fat Body    206.6 Adult Salivary Gland    341.7 Adult Heart    238.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    337.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    326.4 Adult Ovary    478.9 Adult Testis    148.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    414.6 Adult Carcass    210.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    628.275 Larval Midgut    151.9 Larval Hindgut    257.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    325 Larval Fat Body    273.9 Larval Salivary Gland    358.9 Larval Trachea    455.475 Larval Carcass    286.025 Adult Head    290.9 Adult Eye    356.9 Adult Brain    415.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    420.3 Adult Crop    249.8 Adult Midgut    218.2 Adult Hindgut    294.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    221.3 Adult Fat Body    206.6 Adult Salivary Gland    341.7 Adult Heart    238.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    337.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    326.4 Adult Ovary    478.9 Adult Testis    148.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    414.6 Adult Carcass    210.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    628.275 Larval Midgut    151.9 Larval Hindgut    257.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    325 Larval Fat Body    273.9 Larval Salivary Gland    358.9 Larval Trachea    455.475 Larval Carcass    286.025 Adult Head    290.9 Adult Eye    356.9 Adult Brain    415.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    420.3 Adult Crop    249.8 Adult Midgut    218.2 Adult Hindgut    294.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    221.3 Adult Fat Body    206.6 Adult Salivary Gland    341.7 Adult Heart    238.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    337.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    326.4 Adult Ovary    478.9 Adult Testis    148.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    414.6 Adult Carcass    210.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0003449 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    628.275 Larval Midgut    151.9 Larval Hindgut    257.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    325 Larval Fat Body    273.9 Larval Salivary Gland    358.9 Larval Trachea    455.475 Larval Carcass    286.025 Adult Head    290.9 Adult Eye    356.9 Adult Brain    415.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    420.3 Adult Crop    249.8 Adult Midgut    218.2 Adult Hindgut    294.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    221.3 Adult Fat Body    206.6 Adult Salivary Gland    341.7 Adult Heart    238.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    337.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    326.4 Adult Ovary    478.9 Adult Testis    148.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    414.6 Adult Carcass    210.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  628.275 Larval Midgut    151.9 Larval Hindgut    257.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    325 Larval Fat Body    273.9 Larval Salivary Gland    358.9 Larval Trachea    455.475 Larval Carcass    286.025 Adult Head    290.9 Adult Eye    356.9 Adult Brain    415.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    420.3 Adult Crop    249.8 Adult Midgut    218.2 Adult Hindgut    294.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    221.3 Adult Fat Body    206.6 Adult Salivary Gland    341.7 Adult Heart    238.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    337.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    326.4 Adult Ovary    478.9 Adult Testis    148.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    414.6 Adult Carcass    210.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    628.275 Larval Midgut    151.9 Larval Hindgut    257.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    325 Larval Fat Body    273.9 Larval Salivary Gland    358.9 Larval Trachea    455.475 Larval Carcass    286.025 Adult Head    290.9 Adult Eye    356.9 Adult Brain    415.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    420.3 Adult Crop    249.8 Adult Midgut    218.2 Adult Hindgut    294.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    221.3 Adult Fat Body    206.6 Adult Salivary Gland    341.7 Adult Heart    238.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    337.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    326.4 Adult Ovary    478.9 Adult Testis    148.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    414.6 Adult Carcass    210.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    628.275 Larval Midgut    151.9 Larval Hindgut    257.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    325 Larval Fat Body    273.9 Larval Salivary Gland    358.9 Larval Trachea    455.475 Larval Carcass    286.025 Adult Head    290.9 Adult Eye    356.9 Adult Brain    415.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    420.3 Adult Crop    249.8 Adult Midgut    218.2 Adult Hindgut    294.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    221.3 Adult Fat Body    206.6 Adult Salivary Gland    341.7 Adult Heart    238.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    337.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    326.4 Adult Ovary    478.9 Adult Testis    148.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    414.6 Adult Carcass    210.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    290.9   NA  Eye    356.9   NA  Brain    415.2   628.275  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    420.3   NA  Crop    249.8   151.9  Midgut    218.2   257.7  Hindgut    294.1   325  Malpighian Tubules    221.3   273.9  Fat Body    206.6   358.9  Salivary Gland    341.7   NA  Heart    238.2   455.475  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    337.1   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    326.4   NA  Ovary    478.9   NA  Testis    148.9   NA  Male Accessory Gland    414.6   286.025  Carcass    210.7 modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_30
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003449 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG4528-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal snf1 snfJ210 lethal | dominant | maternal effect snf1 lethal | embryonic stage | recessive snfJ210 lethal | male snf1 lethal | recessive snfJ210 viable snf1 snf5MER snfJA2 Sterility Allele female fertile snfJA2 female fertile | recessive snfe8H female sterile snf1 snf148 snfPR110 female sterile | dominant snfe8H female sterile | recessive snf1 female sterile germline-dependent snf1 male fertile snfJA2 Other Phenotypes Allele tumorigenic snfe8H wild-type snf+t5.5 snfE21D+ΔKPN snfΔKPN Phenotype manifest in Allele egg chamber snf148 germarium snf148 ovary snf1 snf148 snfe8H snfunspecified prothoracic leg & macrochaeta | female snfJ210
Classical Alleles ( 8 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of snf Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion snf1 antimorphic allele - genetic evidence, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 2 Yes snf148 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 -- snfJ210 amorphic allele - genetic evidence Delta2-3 0 Yes snfE21D 0 Yes snfe8H ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes snfJA2 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence Delta2-3 0 Yes snfPR110 Delta2-3 0 Yes snfunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of snf Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion snf+t5.5 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 2 Yes snfHMS01067 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes snfKK107649 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes snftLa in vitro construct - genomic fragment 1 Yes snf+tSa in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes snf5MER in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes snfE21D+ΔKPN in vitro construct 0 Yes snfGD11339 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes snfΔKPN in vitro construct 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Duplicated in	Dp(1;2)4FRDup (Hager and Cline, 1997) Dp(1;2)w+64b (Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988)
Disrupted in	Df(1)BSC533 (Christensen et al., 2008.6.11) Df(1)BSC823 (Christensen et al., 2009.6.15) Df(1)cho19 (Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988) Df(1)DEB4D (Salz, 1992) Df(1)HC244 (Steinmann-Zwicky and Nothiger, 1985, Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988, Oliver et al., 1988, Salz, 1992) Df(1)HF366 (Oliver et al., 1988) Df(1)J210 (Flickinger and Salz, 1994, Salz and Flickinger, 1996) Df(1)JA2 (Flickinger and Salz, 1994, Salz and Flickinger, 1996) Df(1)JC70 (Oliver et al., 1988, Salz, 1992, Granadino et al., 1992) Df(1)ovo15 (Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988) Df(1)ovo41 (Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988) Df(1)ovo44 (Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988, Salz, 1992) Df(1)PR110 (Flickinger and Salz, 1994) Df(1)rb30 (Oliver et al., 1988)
Not disrupted in	Df(1)bi-D2 (Oliver et al., 1988) Df(1)bi-DL5 (Oliver et al., 1988) Df(1)C149 (Oliver et al., 1988) Df(1)GA56 (Oliver et al., 1988) Df(1)GA102 (Oliver et al., 1988) Df(1)N73 (Oliver et al., 1988) Df(1)ovo4 (Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988) Df(1)ovo6 (Oliver et al., 1988, Salz, 1992) Df(1)ovo7 (Oliver et al., 1988, Salz, 1992) Df(1)ovo14 (Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988) Df(1)rb1 (Oliver et al., 1988) Df(1)rb13 (Oliver et al., 1988) Df(1)rb33 (Oliver et al., 1988) Df(1)rb46 (Oliver et al., 1988) Df(1)rb47 (Oliver et al., 1988) Df(1)RC40 (Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988, Oliver et al., 1988, Salz, 1992)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD11339} NA P{KK107649} NA P{TRiP.HMS01067} NA characterization construct P{snf.5MER} NA P{snf.E21D+ΔKPN} NA P{snf.ΔKPN} NA P{snf+,dhd+} NA P{snf+} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 21 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 10 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
protein binding inferred from physical interaction with Sxl (Kalifa et al., 2009) snRNA stem-loop binding inferred from direct assay (Williams and Hall, 2010) U1 snRNA binding inferred from direct assay (Williams and Hall, 2010) U2 snRNA binding inferred from direct assay (Williams and Hall, 2010)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
oogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Swan et al., 2001) regulation of alternative nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome inferred from mutant phenotype (Park et al., 2004)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
catalytic step 2 spliceosome inferred from direct assay (Herold et al., 2009) precatalytic spliceosome inferred from direct assay (Herold et al., 2009) protein complex inferred from physical interaction with Sxl (Kalifa et al., 2009) small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex inferred from direct assay AND inferred from sequence or structural similarity with human SNRPA (Polycarpou-Schwarz et al., 1996)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 14 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
mRNA binding inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Lasko, 2000) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1995.6.1) nucleotide binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR012677 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) U1 snRNA binding non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1995.6.1)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
female germ-line sex determination non-traceable author statement (Williamson and Lehmann, 1996) nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome inferred by curator from GO:0071011|GO:0071013 (Herold et al., 2009) inferred from sequence or structural similarity with human SNRPA (Polycarpou-Schwarz et al., 1996) inferred from sequence or structural similarity with NCBI:NP_003083 AND inferred from sequence or structural similarity with NCBI:NP_004587 AND inferred from sequence or structural similarity with Saccharomyces MSL1 AND inferred from sequence or structural similarity with Saccharomyces MUD1 (Mount and Salz, 2000) inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P45429 (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1995.6.1) oogenesis traceable author statement (Perrimon et al., 1986) primary sex determination, soma non-traceable author statement (Schutt and Nothiger, 2000) RNA splicing traceable author statement (Schutt and Nothiger, 2000, Niessen et al., 2001)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred by curator from GO:0000381 (Park et al., 2004) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1995.6.1) traceable author statement (Niessen et al., 2001) small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P45429 (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Flickinger, 1994.3.21) spliceosomal complex inferred from sequence or structural similarity with human SNRPA (Polycarpou-Schwarz et al., 1996) U1 snRNP inferred from sequence or structural similarity with NCBI:NP_004587 AND inferred from sequence or structural similarity with Saccharomyces MUD1 (Mount and Salz, 2000) U2 snRNP inferred from sequence or structural similarity with NCBI:NP_003083 AND inferred from sequence or structural similarity with Saccharomyces MSL1 (Mount and Salz, 2000) U11 snRNP inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P45429 (FlyBase, 1992-)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions snf allele Gene References snf1 ovo (Pauli et al., 1995) Sxl (Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988, Salz and Flickinger, 1996, Hager and Cline, 1997, Deshpande et al., 1999, Cline et al., 1999, Cline, 2001) snf+t5.5 noi (Cline et al., 1999) Sxl (Cline et al., 1999) snfe8H Sxl (Albrecht and Salz, 1993) snfJ210 Sxl (Stitzinger et al., 1999) unspecified Aats-asp (Stitzinger et al., 1999) Aats-trp (Stitzinger et al., 1999) da (Stitzinger et al., 1999) vir (Cline et al., 1999)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 57952 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0003449 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003449 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 31442
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF21334 Dere\GG18748 Dgri\GH24608 Dmoj\snf Dper\GL14287 Dpse\GA18235 Dsec\GM12396 Dsim\GD24751 Dvir\GJ16850 Dwil\GK25839 Dyak\GE16390
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dari\snf   Dhua\snf   Dmay\snf   Dmoj\snf   Dmul\snf   Dnav\snf   Dpse\GA18235   Dpsi\snf   Dstr\snf   Dyak\snf (Takano-Shimizu, 2001)
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL002980-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AAEL014167-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP011637-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_001948872.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) At1g06960.1 Arabidopsis thaliana (wall cress) 13807 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (chytrid fungus) 91336 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (chytrid fungus) 9954 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (chytrid fungus) 124249 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) 129926 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) XP_001896809.1 Brugia malayi (roundworm nematode) BGIBMGA012118-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000039319 Bos taurus (bovine) CAL0004764 Candida albicans (a form of yeast) CN09469 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CBP03383 Caenorhabditis briggsae (nematode) CE07355 Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) ENSCAFP00000034812 Canis familiaris (dog) Chro.60253 Cryptosporidium hominis (obligate parasite) ENSCINP00000019336 Ciona intestinalis (sea squirt) JA09444 Caenorhabditis japonica (nematode) cn14022 Cryptococcus neoformans (yeast-like fungus) cgd6_2150 Cryptosporidium parvum (protozoan parasite) CPIJ019134 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSCPOP00000004514 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) 54909 Chlamidomonas reinhardtii (green alga) RP11857 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) ENSCSAVP00000000710 Ciona savignyi (sedentary tunicate) 179768 Capitella spl (polychaete worm) DDB0233135 Dictyostelium discoideum (amoeba) DEHA2B13684g Debaryomyces Hansenii (yeast) 299752 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ENSDARP00000057600 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSECAP00000016115 Equus caballus (horse) XP_656582 Entamoeba histolytica (anaerobic protozoan) ENSGACP00000026013 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGALP00000031344 Gallus gallus (chicken) 105398 Hypsipyla robusta (cedar shoot borer) ENSP00000246071 Homo sapiens (human) KLLA0B08976g Kluyveromyces lactis (yeast) 121828 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) 39189 Monocosta brevicollis (choanoflagellate) ENSMODP00000000006 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000019028 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMUSP00000008477 Mus musculus (house mouse) 85286 Nematostella vectensis (starlet anemone) XP_001606482.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000001971 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSORLP00000008203 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) LOC_Os03g18720.1 Oryza sativa (asian rice) 25227 Ostreococcus tauri (green alga) PFI1695c Plasmodium falciparum (protozoal parasite) PHUM001450-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) 131194 Physcomitrella patens (moss) ENSPPYP00000011987 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) 93644 Phytophthora ramorum (sudden oak death pathogen) 136102 Phytophthora sojae (root rot pathogen) 836161 Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood) ENSPTRP00000022762 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) PVX_086965 Plasmodium vivax (protozoal parasite) ENSRNOP00000006900 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) 4871198 Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) Smp_069870 Schistosoma mansoni (trematode parasite) SPBC4B4.07c Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) XP_001202981.1 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) 18899 Trichoplax adhaerens (metazoa) TA12855 Theileria annulata (apicomplexan parasite) XP_968271.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) ENSTNIP00000010549 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) TP02_0377 Theileria parva (parasitic protozoan) 1841 Thalassiosira pseudonana (marine diatom) ENSTRUP00000022770 Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish Takifugu) 3807.m00206 Tetrahymena thermophila (ciliate protozoa) 82490.m00341 Trichomonas vaginalis (parasitic flagellated protozoan) ENSXETP00000007674 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) YALI0D21450g Yarrowia lipolytica (nonconventional yeast) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • NV13607 LH12046 ISCW018537 FBgn0233919 FBgn0227798 FBgn0204029 FBgn0196072 FBgn0167333 JGI_V11_299752 FBgn0078242 FBgn0151892 FBgn0069598 FBgn0132064 FBgn0110957 FBgn0098336 CPIJ019134 BGIBMGA012118 ACYPI003668 GB15338 AGAP011637 AAEL014167 AAEL002980 PB21187 PHUM577720 GLEAN_03016
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 8 )
Bloomington	4316 snf1 v24/FM3 7398 y1 w1118 snf148 P{neoFRT}19A/FM6 4557 Df(1)JB254, P{snf+,dhd+}SL2, w*/FM7c 34593 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.HMS01067}attP2/TM3, Sb1
Kyoto	107685 snf1 v24/FM3 107796 Df(1)JB254, P{snf+,dhd+}SL2, w*/FM7c 107810 w*; P{Cdk7P140S}SL1 Sb1/TM3, Ser1
VDRC	v104334 P{KK107649}VIE-260B
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR01M22 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 25 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD45302
Other clones	DPiM_LD45302
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GH18568 LD43337 LP07917 RE21912 RE21936 RE39247 RE67083 RE73294
Other clones	39334 Dmel_dig_017171_0633_0657 Dmel_neb_014717_0822_3014 EK152264 EK174625 FGM234B08 RP003029811 RP003090302 RP003127401 RP003146577 RP003263055 RP003380530 RP003493017 RP003563936 RP003673685
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003449 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 31442
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: snf CG4528 (Zhong, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
	The gene products of U2A and snf are co-immunoprecipitated by antibodies to either protein, demonstrating that like their yeast and human counterparts they heterodimerize in vivo. A mutation in the U2A binding motif of snf reduces the amount of heterodimer formation but does not abolish it completely. The U2A binding motif from snf is only essential for heterodimer formation in the absence of the C-terminal end of the protein. The RNA binding specificity domain of snf is essential for interaction with U2A. The U2A gene product incorporation into U2 snRNP does not depend on dimerization of the U2A and snf gene products. (Nagengast and Salz, 2001) The interaction of Sxl protein with snf protein is mediated by the R1 RRM (RNA recognition motif) domain of Sxl. (Samuels et al., 1998) An increase in the dose of snf+ can trigger the female Sxl RNA splicing mode in male germ cells and can feminise triploid intersex (2X3A) germ cells. (Hager and Cline, 1997) Sxl protein is associated with snf protein in vitro and in vivo. (Deshpande et al., 1996) SNF is a component of both U1 and U2 snRNPs. In vitro SNF binds U1 snRNA on its own and U2 snRNA in the presence of Drosophila nuclear extract or human U2A' protein. (Polycarpou-Schwarz et al., 1996) Zygotic snf function is required for sexual differentiation and a cell vital process during postembryonic development. snf protein cooperates with the female-specific Sxl protein to block utilisation of the male-specific exon of the Sxl pre-mRNA. (Salz and Flickinger, 1996) In vitro binding assays demonstrate an RNA-dependent interaction between Sxl and snf proteins, crosslinking experiments demonstrate that this association has significance in vivo. (Deshpande et al., 1995) Alleles of snf can partially enhance the mutant phenotype of ovoD2/+ heterozygous ovaries. (Pauli et al., 1995) ovo, otu, snf and Sxl are not involved in the early events of germline sex determination, but are required later, during metamorphosis or in the adult for oogenesis. (Staab and Steinmann-Zwicky, 1995) Tumorous cells produced by snf mutants are capable of female-specific transcription and RNA processing indicating the ovarian cells retain some female identity. It is proposed that mutations do not cause male transformation of the female germ line but instead either cause an ambiguous sexual identity or block specific stages of oogenesis. (Bae et al., 1994) snf is an essential gene and an integral component of the machinery required for splice site recognition. (Flickinger and Salz, 1994) Mutants display germline hyperplastic phenotype. (Mechler, 1994) Double homozygous snf- SxlK1274-1 females are semi-lethal and survivors have tumorous egg chambers. (Sugimura et al., 1994) Partial germline sex transformation occurs in otu, snf, Sxl and bam ovarian tumors. (Wei et al., 1994) The wild type product of snf plays an important role in establishing female-specific RNA splicing of Sxl. (Albrecht and Salz, 1993) Mutations in snf block germline expression of Sxl. (Bopp et al., 1993) The genetic hierarchy regulating female germ-line sex determination includes tra, tra2, dsx, fu, otu, ovo, snf and Sxl. otu+, ovo+ and snf+ activities are required for female-specific Sxl+ pre-mRNA splicing within 2X germ-line cells. (Oliver et al., 1993) D25 is the Drosophila homologue of U1-A human protein despite its sequence similarity to U2-B human protein. (Harper et al., 1992) The snf locus displays a lethal synergistic interaction with Sxl. snf is a positive regulator of Sxl in the germline and soma. (Salz, 1992) An extra wild type copy of snf is not sufficient to rescue the female lethality of hhb.PP. (Parkhurst et al., 1990) Mutations in snf interact with Sxl. (Petchek and Salz, 1989) The interaction between snf and Sxl mutations reduces the viability of females heterozygous for Sxl. The mosaicism exhibited by flies heterozygous for snf and Sxl- suggests that the transformation of diplo-X tissues to male morphology is due to the interaction of snf and Sxl in the zygote. (Oliver et al., 1988) Homozygous females have small ovaries filled with undifferentiated germ cells and very rare oocytes with nurse cells. Females of the genotype Df(1)HC244, SxlM1/snf are fully fertile with normal looking ovaries, snf must act upstream of Sxl. Maternal snf gene product is involved in the activation of zygotic snf+ genes. (Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_078490 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_511045 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAA28441 AAA28903 AAF46017 AAL29039 AI513073 AW943777 AY061491 L29521 M89775 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 31442 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P43332
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • RNA recognition motif domain (IPR000504) Nucleotide-binding, alpha-beta plait (IPR012677)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 57952 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0003449 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003449 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003449 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003449 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG4528-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0003449 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 31442 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL002980-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AAEL014167-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP011637-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_001948872.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) At1g06960.1 Arabidopsis thaliana (wall cress) 13807 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (chytrid fungus) 91336 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (chytrid fungus) 9954 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (chytrid fungus) 124249 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) 129926 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) XP_001896809.1 Brugia malayi (roundworm nematode) BGIBMGA012118-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000039319 Bos taurus (bovine) CAL0004764 Candida albicans (a form of yeast) CN09469 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CBP03383 Caenorhabditis briggsae (nematode) CE07355 Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) ENSCAFP00000034812 Canis familiaris (dog) Chro.60253 Cryptosporidium hominis (obligate parasite) ENSCINP00000019336 Ciona intestinalis (sea squirt) JA09444 Caenorhabditis japonica (nematode) cn14022 Cryptococcus neoformans (yeast-like fungus) cgd6_2150 Cryptosporidium parvum (protozoan parasite) CPIJ019134 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSCPOP00000004514 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) 54909 Chlamidomonas reinhardtii (green alga) RP11857 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) ENSCSAVP00000000710 Ciona savignyi (sedentary tunicate) 179768 Capitella spl (polychaete worm) DDB0233135 Dictyostelium discoideum (amoeba) DEHA2B13684g Debaryomyces Hansenii (yeast) 299752 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ENSDARP00000057600 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSECAP00000016115 Equus caballus (horse) XP_656582 Entamoeba histolytica (anaerobic protozoan) ENSGACP00000026013 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGALP00000031344 Gallus gallus (chicken) 105398 Hypsipyla robusta (cedar shoot borer) ENSP00000246071 Homo sapiens (human) KLLA0B08976g Kluyveromyces lactis (yeast) 121828 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) 39189 Monocosta brevicollis (choanoflagellate) ENSMODP00000000006 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000019028 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMUSP00000008477 Mus musculus (house mouse) 85286 Nematostella vectensis (starlet anemone) XP_001606482.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000001971 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSORLP00000008203 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) LOC_Os03g18720.1 Oryza sativa (asian rice) 25227 Ostreococcus tauri (green alga) PFI1695c Plasmodium falciparum (protozoal parasite) PHUM001450-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) 131194 Physcomitrella patens (moss) ENSPPYP00000011987 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) 93644 Phytophthora ramorum (sudden oak death pathogen) 136102 Phytophthora sojae (root rot pathogen) 836161 Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood) ENSPTRP00000022762 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) PVX_086965 Plasmodium vivax (protozoal parasite) ENSRNOP00000006900 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) 4871198 Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) Smp_069870 Schistosoma mansoni (trematode parasite) SPBC4B4.07c Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) XP_001202981.1 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) 18899 Trichoplax adhaerens (metazoa) TA12855 Theileria annulata (apicomplexan parasite) XP_968271.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) ENSTNIP00000010549 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) TP02_0377 Theileria parva (parasitic protozoan) 1841 Thalassiosira pseudonana (marine diatom) ENSTRUP00000022770 Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish Takifugu) 3807.m00206 Tetrahymena thermophila (ciliate protozoa) 82490.m00341 Trichomonas vaginalis (parasitic flagellated protozoan) ENSXETP00000007674 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) YALI0D21450g Yarrowia lipolytica (nonconventional yeast) Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /dbzhnsky/sansfil1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 31442 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0003449 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • NV13607 LH12046 ISCW018537 FBgn0233919 FBgn0227798 FBgn0204029 FBgn0196072 FBgn0167333 JGI_V11_299752 FBgn0078242 FBgn0151892 FBgn0069598 FBgn0132064 FBgn0110957 FBgn0098336 CPIJ019134 BGIBMGA012118 ACYPI003668 GB15338 AGAP011637 AAEL014167 AAEL002980 PB21187 PHUM577720 GLEAN_03016
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 21 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG4528 (Mount and Salz, 2000, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Herold et al., 2009, McIntyre et al., 2006, Ni et al., 2010.12.1) D25   fs(1)1621 (Mulligan, 2003, Watson et al., 1994, Mechler, 1994, Bopp et al., 1993, Parkhurst et al., 1990, Gateff and Mechler, 1989, Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988, Perrimon et al., 1986, Perrimon and Gans, 1983, Gateff, 1978) fs(1)A1621 (Sugimura et al., 1994, Bernstein and Cline, 1994, Cline, 1993, Mechler, 1990, ) fs(1)A16121 (Burtis, 1993) liz (McElreavey et al., 1993, Steinmann-Zwicky, 1992, Steinmann-Zwicky, 1988, ) SNF (Nagengast and Salz, 2004, Nagengast et al., 2002, Nagengast and Salz, 2001, Zaret and Wolffe, 2001, Cairns, 1998, Gonsalvez et al., 2006, Chaouki and Salz, 2006, Kroiss et al., 2008, Labourier and Rio, 2001) Snf (Orian et al., 2003, Deshpande et al., 1999, Kalifa et al., 2009, Svensson et al., 2003, Gonsalvez et al., 2010) snf (Gawande et al., 2006, Johnson et al., 2007, Penn et al., 2008, Svensson et al., 2007, Chau et al., 2008, Christensen et al., 2008.6.11, Penn and Schedl, 2007, Emberly et al., 2008, Siera and Cline, 2008, Chau et al., 2009, Sun and Cline, 2009, Christensen et al., 2009.6.15, Herold et al., 2009, Hu et al., 2009, Johnson et al., 2010, McIntyre et al., 2006, Williams and Hall, 2010, Tastan et al., 2010) snf1621 (Petchek and Salz, 1989) SNF/D25 (Price et al., 1998, Huang and Amero, 1997) snRNP B'' (Paterson et al., 1991) U1-A (Labourier and Rio, 2001) U2 snRNP (Blencowe, 2000) U2 snRNP B'' protein (Santiago et al., 1995) unnamed (Wieschaus et al., 1981)
Name Synonym	sans fille (Gawande et al., 2006, Casper and Van Doren, 2006, Siera and Cline, 2008, Chau et al., 2009, Labourier and Rio, 2001) Sans-fille (Kalifa et al., 2009, Hu et al., 2009, Johnson et al., 2010) Sans fille (Gonsalvez et al., 2010, Williams and Hall, 2010) simply not fertile   splicing necessary factor (Hager and Cline, 1997, Flickinger and Salz, 1994)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0005667
References ( 161 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 161 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 89 ) Supplementary material  ( 3 ) Review  ( 29 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 7 ) Abstract  ( 23 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) Biography  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Computer file  ( 1 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 ) Book  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 5 )
	Blanco et al., 2010, BMC Dev. Biol. 10: 94 Gene expression following induction of regeneration in Drosophila wing imaginal discs. Expression profile of regenerating wing discs. [FBrf0211812] Gonsalvez et al., 2010, Development 137(14): 2341--2351 Sm proteins specify germ cell fate by facilitating oskar mRNA localization. [FBrf0211144] Johnson et al., 2010, PLoS Genet. 6(3): e1000872 PPS, a Large Multidomain Protein, Functions with Sex-Lethal to Regulate Alternative Splicing in Drosophila. [FBrf0210202] Tastan et al., 2010, Development 137(19): 3167--3176 Drosophila Ataxin 2-binding protein 1 marks an intermediate step in the molecular differentiation of female germline cysts. [FBrf0211752] Williams and Hall, 2010, Biochemistry 49(22): 4571--4582 Coevolution of Drosophila snf Protein and Its snRNA Targets. [FBrf0210901] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...