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Gene Dmel\sol

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\sol	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	small optic lobes	Annotation symbol	CG1391
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0003464
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	2 publicly available
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	X	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	19F5-19F5	Sequence location	X:21,221,357..21,228,939 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene small optic lobes is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\sol (CG1391, FBgn0003464). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Based on sequence similarity, it is predicted to have molecular function: calcium-dependent cysteine-type endopeptidase activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: nervous system development. 23 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: medulla neuropil; lobula plate; embryonic/larval optic stalk; central nervous system; lobula plate cortex; optic lobe; lobula; adult central nervous system; cortex of medulla; Pdf neuron. It has 5 annotated transcripts and 5 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Peptidase C2, calpain family; Peptidase C2, calpain, catalytic domain; Peptidase, cysteine peptidase active site; Zinc finger, RanBP2-type. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-18 hour embryonic stages, during early pupal stages, in adult female stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult brain. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, larval fat body, adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult ovary, adult male accessory gland, larval carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1634504_a_at completely aligns to an exonic region common to each of the 5 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of sol. Gene sequence location is X:21221357..21228939.
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	sol: small optic lobes (J.C. Hall) Medulla, lobula, and lobula-plate optic ganglia reduced in volume and cell number (anatomical criteria on which several of the mutations, including the most studied allele sol1, were isolated by Heisenberg and Bohl, 1979, Z. Naturforsch. 34: 143-147); lamina seems unaffected; degree of reduction in the three more proximal visual-system ganglia is allele dependent; after isogenization the severity ranking of nine alleles was as follows: sol2 = sol3 (ca. 50% normal volume)>sol6 = sol9 = sol16 >sol1 = sol4 = sol5 = sol8 (ca. 30% normal volume). Three sol mutants isolated on basis of fast phototaxis; Markow and Merriam (1977) showed that one such allele, sol4, causes flies to be anomalously photo positive and highly geonegative in maze tests. Anatomically, sol mutations cause specific cell types in medulla to be missing (Fischbach and Heisenberg, 1981); stratifications in outer medulla are missing; in general, however, mutant optic lobes are grossly well structured, and there are no disorders in the optic chiasma; special classes of transmedullary columnar neurons as well as intramedullary cells are absent; numbers of columns in the visual ganglia are normal, but numbers of neurons per column are reduced; certain neurons called T1 cells are present in each column in sol1, as usual; these reductions in cell numbers are caused by cell-type-specific degeneration of presumptive optic lobe neurons during pupation, with no degeneration apparent in neuropiles of these ganglia (Fischbach and Technau, 1984); the number of axons severely reduced in anterior optic track, and the combining of so with sol1 showed that these two mutations act independently on nearly exclusive subsets of these axons (Fischbach and Lyly-Hunerberg, 1983). Mosaic study showed that aberrant morphology of visual ganglia is autonomous in these optic lobes (Fischbach and Technau, 1984); adult eye and lamina optic lobe appear normal. In combination with rol and mnb mutations, sol causes diminished amplitudes of light-on and light-off transient spikes in electroretinogram (Coombe, 1986); visual fixation behavior notably defective (Fischbach and Heisenberg, 1981) [e.g., in the walking mode, fixation behavior is actually reversed in all sol alleles (Fischbach)] as, to a lesser degree, are landing responses and "figure/ground" discrimination; on the other hand, optomotor yaw response is nearly normal (Fischbach and Heisenberg, 1981); orientation to spots in multiple Y-maze quite subnormal (Bulthoff, 1982a,b). Shock-avoidance learning of sol1 (Heisenberg, Borst, Wagner, and Byers, 1985, J. Neurogenet. 2: 1-30) and color discrimination in sol1, sol2, and sol3 (Fischbach) are normal; there are, however, deficits in visual plasticity (Gotz, 1983, Dtsch. Zool. Ges. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 83-99) and in the flexibility that wild types can exhibit in optomotor flight control tests (Gotz, 1985, Biol. Chem. Hoppe Seyler 366: 116-17). Circadian rhythms of adult locomotor activity basically normal (Helfrich and Engelmann, 1983; Helfrich, 1986), but when sol1 combined with so, all flies tested showed complex periodicities, with a given behavioral record having one component at approximately 21 and another at approximately 26 h (Helfrich, 1986).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2011_10
FB2012_01	Sequence features BKN27903 HFA20587 BKN45276
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 19F5-19F5   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG1702EP1525 and P{EP}EP1465&P{EP}CG1486EP1192
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)	Hlc (Miklos et al., 1987)
Right of (cM)	car (Fischbach and Lyly-Hunerberg, 1983) fliI (Miklos et al., 1987) f (Fischbach and Heisenberg, 1981)
Notes	Fischbach and Heisenberg (FBrf0037249) and Helfrich (FBrf0044891) quote more distal and more proximal meiotic map positions, respectively. (Hall, 1992)
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\sol for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Alternative translation stop created by use of multiphasic reading frames within coding region.
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) sol-RA FBtr0089679  NM_057389   4940   395 sol-RB FBtr0089678  NM_057390   5542   1594 sol-RC FBtr0089677  NM_206802   4940   1000 sol-RD FBtr0089676  NM_206801   5177   1240 sol-RE FBtr0301583  NM_001169342   5539   1593
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	5.8, 5.2, 4.6 (northern blot) (Delaney et al., 1991)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein sol-PA   FBpp0088621   44.2   395   9.96     NP_476737   AAF50827 sol-PB   FBpp0088620   174.3   1594   8.40     NP_476738   AAF50826 sol-PC   FBpp0088619   109.4   1000   7.73     NP_996525   AAS65412 sol-PD   FBpp0088618   134.9   1240   7.86     NP_996524   AAS65411 sol-PE   FBpp0290798   174.2   1593   8.43     NP_001162813   ACZ95346
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	1597 (aa) (Maleszka et al., 1998) 1597, 395 (aa); 175 (kD) (Delaney et al., 1991)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Peptidase, cysteine peptidase active site (IPR000169) Peptidase C2, calpain, catalytic domain (IPR001300) Zinc finger, RanBP2-type (IPR001876) Peptidase C2, calpain family (IPR022684) MEROPS - An information resource for peptidases and the proteins that inhibit them • C02.010
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA567234   AA801557   AE014298 AAF50826   AE014298 AAF50827   AE014298 AAS65411   AE014298 AAS65412   AC011251   AE014298 ACZ95346   AF017777 AAC28409   AI405959   AI455149   AI517116   AI517639   AI531041   AI532747   AI541989   AI543604   AY128468 AAM75061   BG635781   BI215416   BI635267   BI637697   BI638895   BT126353   BT126367   CK604840   CK604841   CK661113   CO186949   CO188697   CO189388   CO191000   CO279125   CO284051   CO294348   CO299549   CO308683   CO321493   CO330544   DN154071   EC054263   EC062219   EC063966   EC069563   EC074431   EC079033   EC090360   EC210791   EC215093   EC217754   EC218113   EC241173   GH941658   GH941739   GH942022   GH943317   GH943681   GH944952   GH946262   GH946624   GH946997   GH947410   GH947936   GH951237   GH959079   GH961748   GH962478   GH966926   GH969552   GH975128   GH975333   GH975435   GH977314   GH978358   GH978541   GH979381   GH982709   GH983172   M64084 AAB95431
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P27398
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
	sol transcripts are produced at wild type levels in the sol1078 mutant but are 0.6 kb smaller. (Delaney et al., 1991) The 5.8kb sol transcripts are present throughout development with the highest levels in embryos. (Delaney et al., 1991) 5.2kb sol transcripts are expressed throughout development with the highest levels in embryos. (Delaney et al., 1991)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0003464    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0003464 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-18 hour embryonic stages, during early pupal stages, in adult female stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0003464 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3261 embryo 02-04hr    891 embryo 04-06hr    1268 embryo 06-08hr    2054 embryo 08-10hr    1822 embryo 10-12hr    1707 embryo 12-14hr    1119 embryo 14-16hr    1485 embryo 16-18hr    1065 embryo 18-20hr    1237 embryo 20-22hr    1116 embryo 22-24hr    915 larva L1    1257 larva L2    516 larva L3 12hr old    537 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    616 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1017 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1197 white prepupae new    1257 white prepupae 12hr    1728 white prepupae 24hr    2009 pupae 2d postWPP    1288 pupae 3d postWPP    701 pupae 4d postWPP    1085 adult male 01day    856 adult male 05day    1096 adult male 30day    1296 adult female 01day    2164 adult female 05day    2377 adult female 30day    2520 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (3261) embryo 02-04hr  (891) embryo 04-06hr  (1268) embryo 06-08hr  (2054) embryo 08-10hr  (1822) embryo 10-12hr  (1707) embryo 12-14hr  (1119) embryo 14-16hr  (1485) embryo 16-18hr  (1065) embryo 18-20hr  (1237) embryo 20-22hr  (1116) embryo 22-24hr  (915) larva L1  (1257) larva L2  (516) larva L3 12hr old  (537) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (616) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1017) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (1197) white prepupae new  (1257) white prepupae 12hr  (1728) white prepupae 24hr  (2009) pupae 2d postWPP  (1288) pupae 3d postWPP  (701) pupae 4d postWPP  (1085) adult male 01day  (856) adult male 05day  (1096) adult male 30day  (1296) adult female 01day  (2164) adult female 05day  (2377) adult female 30day  (2520) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (3261) embryo 02-04hr    891 embryo 04-06hr    1268 embryo 06-08hr  (2054) embryo 08-10hr  (1822) embryo 10-12hr  (1707) embryo 12-14hr    1119 embryo 14-16hr  1485 embryo 16-18hr    1065 embryo 18-20hr    1237 embryo 20-22hr    1116 embryo 22-24hr    915 larva L1    1257 larva L2    516 larva L3 12hr old    537 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    616 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1017 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1197 white prepupae new    1257 white prepupae 12hr  (1728) white prepupae 24hr  (2009) pupae 2d postWPP    1288 pupae 3d postWPP    701 pupae 4d postWPP    1085 adult male 01day    856 adult male 05day    1096 adult male 30day    1296 adult female 01day  (2164) adult female 05day  (2377) adult female 30day  (2520) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3261 embryo 02-04hr    891 embryo 04-06hr    1268 embryo 06-08hr    2054 embryo 08-10hr    1822 embryo 10-12hr    1707 embryo 12-14hr    1119 embryo 14-16hr    1485 embryo 16-18hr    1065 embryo 18-20hr    1237 embryo 20-22hr    1116 embryo 22-24hr    915 larva L1    1257 larva L2    516 larva L3 12hr old    537 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    616 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1017 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1197 white prepupae new    1257 white prepupae 12hr    1728 white prepupae 24hr    2009 pupae 2d postWPP    1288 pupae 3d postWPP    701 pupae 4d postWPP    1085 adult male 01day    856 adult male 05day    1096 adult male 30day    1296 adult female 01day    2164 adult female 05day    2377 adult female 30day    2520 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3261 embryo 02-04hr    891 embryo 04-06hr    1268 embryo 06-08hr    2054 embryo 08-10hr    1822 embryo 10-12hr    1707 embryo 12-14hr    1119 embryo 14-16hr    1485 embryo 16-18hr    1065 embryo 18-20hr    1237 embryo 20-22hr    1116 embryo 22-24hr    915 larva L1    1257 larva L2    516 larva L3 12hr old    537 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    616 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1017 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1197 white prepupae new    1257 white prepupae 12hr    1728 white prepupae 24hr    2009 pupae 2d postWPP    1288 pupae 3d postWPP    701 pupae 4d postWPP    1085 adult male 01day    856 adult male 05day    1096 adult male 30day    1296 adult female 01day    2164 adult female 05day    2377 adult female 30day    2520 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0003464 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3261 embryo 02-04hr    891 embryo 04-06hr    1268 embryo 06-08hr    2054 embryo 08-10hr    1822 embryo 10-12hr    1707 embryo 12-14hr    1119 embryo 14-16hr    1485 embryo 16-18hr    1065 embryo 18-20hr    1237 embryo 20-22hr    1116 embryo 22-24hr    915 larva L1    1257 larva L2    516 larva L3 12hr old    537 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    616 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1017 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1197 white prepupae new    1257 white prepupae 12hr    1728 white prepupae 24hr    2009 pupae 2d postWPP    1288 pupae 3d postWPP    701 pupae 4d postWPP    1085 adult male 01day    856 adult male 05day    1096 adult male 30day    1296 adult female 01day    2164 adult female 05day    2377 adult female 30day    2520 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (3261) embryo 02-04hr  (891) embryo 04-06hr  (1268) embryo 06-08hr  (2054) embryo 08-10hr  (1822) embryo 10-12hr  (1707) embryo 12-14hr  (1119) embryo 14-16hr  (1485) embryo 16-18hr  (1065) embryo 18-20hr  (1237) embryo 20-22hr  (1116) embryo 22-24hr  (915) larva L1  (1257) larva L2  (516) larva L3 12hr old  (537) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (616) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1017) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (1197) white prepupae new  (1257) white prepupae 12hr  (1728) white prepupae 24hr  (2009) pupae 2d postWPP  (1288) pupae 3d postWPP  (701) pupae 4d postWPP  (1085) adult male 01day  (856) adult male 05day  (1096) adult male 30day  (1296) adult female 01day  (2164) adult female 05day  (2377) adult female 30day  (2520) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (3261) embryo 02-04hr    891 embryo 04-06hr    1268 embryo 06-08hr  2054 embryo 08-10hr  1822 embryo 10-12hr  1707 embryo 12-14hr    1119 embryo 14-16hr  1485 embryo 16-18hr    1065 embryo 18-20hr    1237 embryo 20-22hr    1116 embryo 22-24hr    915 larva L1    1257 larva L2    516 larva L3 12hr old    537 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    616 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1017 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1197 white prepupae new    1257 white prepupae 12hr  1728 white prepupae 24hr  2009 pupae 2d postWPP    1288 pupae 3d postWPP    701 pupae 4d postWPP    1085 adult male 01day    856 adult male 05day    1096 adult male 30day    1296 adult female 01day  2164 adult female 05day  2377 adult female 30day  (2520) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3261 embryo 02-04hr    891 embryo 04-06hr    1268 embryo 06-08hr    2054 embryo 08-10hr    1822 embryo 10-12hr    1707 embryo 12-14hr    1119 embryo 14-16hr    1485 embryo 16-18hr    1065 embryo 18-20hr    1237 embryo 20-22hr    1116 embryo 22-24hr    915 larva L1    1257 larva L2    516 larva L3 12hr old    537 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    616 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1017 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1197 white prepupae new    1257 white prepupae 12hr    1728 white prepupae 24hr    2009 pupae 2d postWPP    1288 pupae 3d postWPP    701 pupae 4d postWPP    1085 adult male 01day    856 adult male 05day    1096 adult male 30day    1296 adult female 01day    2164 adult female 05day    2377 adult female 30day    2520 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3261 embryo 02-04hr    891 embryo 04-06hr    1268 embryo 06-08hr    2054 embryo 08-10hr    1822 embryo 10-12hr    1707 embryo 12-14hr    1119 embryo 14-16hr    1485 embryo 16-18hr    1065 embryo 18-20hr    1237 embryo 20-22hr    1116 embryo 22-24hr    915 larva L1    1257 larva L2    516 larva L3 12hr old    537 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    616 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1017 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1197 white prepupae new    1257 white prepupae 12hr    1728 white prepupae 24hr    2009 pupae 2d postWPP    1288 pupae 3d postWPP    701 pupae 4d postWPP    1085 adult male 01day    856 adult male 05day    1096 adult male 30day    1296 adult female 01day    2164 adult female 05day    2377 adult female 30day    2520 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0003464    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0003464 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult brain. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, larval fat body, adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult ovary, adult male accessory gland, larval carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0003464 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    344.275 Larval Midgut    125.2 Larval Hindgut    125.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    109.7 Larval Fat Body    147.7 Larval Salivary Gland    81.2 Larval Trachea    164.2 Larval Carcass    113.25 Adult Head    190.2 Adult Eye    303.85 Adult Brain    528.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    498.6 Adult Crop    173.9 Adult Midgut    179.2 Adult Hindgut    150 Adult Malpighian Tubules    209.9 Adult Fat Body    26 Adult Salivary Gland    103.5 Adult Heart    69.3 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    70.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    85.2 Adult Ovary    364.8 Adult Testis    50.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    120.5 Adult Carcass    92.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    344.275 Larval Midgut    125.2 Larval Hindgut    125.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    109.7 Larval Fat Body    147.7 Larval Salivary Gland    81.2 Larval Trachea    164.2 Larval Carcass    113.25 Adult Head    190.2 Adult Eye    303.85 Adult Brain  528.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    498.6 Adult Crop    173.9 Adult Midgut    179.2 Adult Hindgut    150 Adult Malpighian Tubules    209.9 Adult Fat Body    26 Adult Salivary Gland    103.5 Adult Heart    69.3 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    70.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    85.2 Adult Ovary    364.8 Adult Testis    50.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    120.5 Adult Carcass    92.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    344.275 Larval Midgut    125.2 Larval Hindgut    125.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    109.7 Larval Fat Body    147.7 Larval Salivary Gland    81.2 Larval Trachea    164.2 Larval Carcass    113.25 Adult Head    190.2 Adult Eye    303.85 Adult Brain    528.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    498.6 Adult Crop    173.9 Adult Midgut    179.2 Adult Hindgut    150 Adult Malpighian Tubules    209.9 Adult Fat Body    26 Adult Salivary Gland    103.5 Adult Heart    69.3 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    70.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    85.2 Adult Ovary    364.8 Adult Testis    50.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    120.5 Adult Carcass    92.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    344.275 Larval Midgut    125.2 Larval Hindgut    125.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    109.7 Larval Fat Body    147.7 Larval Salivary Gland    81.2 Larval Trachea    164.2 Larval Carcass    113.25 Adult Head    190.2 Adult Eye    303.85 Adult Brain    528.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    498.6 Adult Crop    173.9 Adult Midgut    179.2 Adult Hindgut    150 Adult Malpighian Tubules    209.9 Adult Fat Body    26 Adult Salivary Gland    103.5 Adult Heart    69.3 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    70.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    85.2 Adult Ovary    364.8 Adult Testis    50.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    120.5 Adult Carcass    92.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0003464 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    344.275 Larval Midgut    125.2 Larval Hindgut    125.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    109.7 Larval Fat Body    147.7 Larval Salivary Gland    81.2 Larval Trachea    164.2 Larval Carcass    113.25 Adult Head    190.2 Adult Eye    303.85 Adult Brain    528.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    498.6 Adult Crop    173.9 Adult Midgut    179.2 Adult Hindgut    150 Adult Malpighian Tubules    209.9 Adult Fat Body    26 Adult Salivary Gland    103.5 Adult Heart    69.3 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    70.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    85.2 Adult Ovary    364.8 Adult Testis    50.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    120.5 Adult Carcass    92.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    344.275 Larval Midgut    125.2 Larval Hindgut    125.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    109.7 Larval Fat Body    147.7 Larval Salivary Gland    81.2 Larval Trachea    164.2 Larval Carcass    113.25 Adult Head    190.2 Adult Eye    303.85 Adult Brain  528.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    498.6 Adult Crop    173.9 Adult Midgut    179.2 Adult Hindgut    150 Adult Malpighian Tubules    209.9 Adult Fat Body    26 Adult Salivary Gland    103.5 Adult Heart    69.3 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    70.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    85.2 Adult Ovary    364.8 Adult Testis    50.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    120.5 Adult Carcass    92.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    344.275 Larval Midgut    125.2 Larval Hindgut    125.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    109.7 Larval Fat Body    147.7 Larval Salivary Gland    81.2 Larval Trachea    164.2 Larval Carcass    113.25 Adult Head    190.2 Adult Eye    303.85 Adult Brain    528.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    498.6 Adult Crop    173.9 Adult Midgut    179.2 Adult Hindgut    150 Adult Malpighian Tubules    209.9 Adult Fat Body    26 Adult Salivary Gland    103.5 Adult Heart    69.3 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    70.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    85.2 Adult Ovary    364.8 Adult Testis    50.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    120.5 Adult Carcass    92.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    344.275 Larval Midgut    125.2 Larval Hindgut    125.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    109.7 Larval Fat Body    147.7 Larval Salivary Gland    81.2 Larval Trachea    164.2 Larval Carcass    113.25 Adult Head    190.2 Adult Eye    303.85 Adult Brain    528.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    498.6 Adult Crop    173.9 Adult Midgut    179.2 Adult Hindgut    150 Adult Malpighian Tubules    209.9 Adult Fat Body    26 Adult Salivary Gland    103.5 Adult Heart    69.3 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    70.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    85.2 Adult Ovary    364.8 Adult Testis    50.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    120.5 Adult Carcass    92.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    190.2   NA  Eye    303.85   NA  Brain    528.4   344.275  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    498.6   NA  Crop    173.9   125.2  Midgut    179.2   125.1  Hindgut    150   109.7  Malpighian Tubules    209.9   147.7  Fat Body    26   81.2  Salivary Gland    103.5   NA  Heart    69.3   164.2  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    70.1   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    85.2   NA  Ovary    364.8   NA  Testis    50.9   NA  Male Accessory Gland    120.5   113.25  Carcass    92.5 modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_01
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003464 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG1391-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable sol1 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 solGD8164 Other Phenotypes Allele behavior defective sol1078 behavior defective | recessive sol1 flight defective sol1078 neuroanatomy defective | recessive sol1 visual behavior defective sol1 wild-type sol+t11 sol+t12.4 Phenotype manifest in Allele adult central nervous system sol16 central nervous system sol16 cortex of medulla sol1 embryonic/larval optic stalk sol1 lobula sol1 lobula plate sol1 lobula plate cortex sol1 medulla neuropil sol1 optic lobe sol1 sol1078 Pdf neuron sol1
Classical Alleles ( 18 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of sol Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion sol1078 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes sol10 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sol11 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sol12 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sol13 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sol14 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sol15 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sol16 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sol17 0 -- sol1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sol2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sol3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sol4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sol5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sol6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sol7 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sol8 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sol9 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of sol Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion solGD8164 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes solJF03400 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes sol+t11 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 -- sol+t12.4 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 -- solKK107903 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(1)2/19B (Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990) Df(1)16-3-22 (Miklos et al., 1987) Df(1)17-257 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990, Russell et al., 1992, Maleszka et al., 1996) Df(1)17-351 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990) Df(1)17-489 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)26B (Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)A53 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)C74 (Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990) Df(1)D43L1 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)DCB1-35b (Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)GA33 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)GA37 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)GA40 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)GA104 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990, Maleszka et al., 1996) Df(1)GE263 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990) Df(1)HM44 (Miklos et al., 1986, Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990) Df(1)LB6 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)LB7 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)LB23 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)N77 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)Q539 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990) Df(1)S54 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990)
Not disrupted in	Df(1)2/19B (Delaney et al., 1991, Hayward et al., 1993, Maleszka et al., 1996) Df(1)16-2-13 (Miklos et al., 1987) Df(1)16-3-35 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)16-129 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990, Delaney et al., 1991, Russell et al., 1992, Hayward et al., 1993, Maleszka et al., 1996) Df(1)A118 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)B57 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990) Df(1)DCB1-35c (Miklos et al., 1987) Df(1)EA113 (Miklos et al., 1987) Df(1)GA22 (Miklos et al., 1987) Df(1)GA131 (Miklos et al., 1987) Df(1)HC279 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)HF359 (Miklos et al., 1987) Df(1)JA21 (Miklos et al., 1987) Df(1)JA117 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990) Df(1)JC4 (Miklos et al., 1987, Miklos and de Couet, 1990) Df(1)JC77 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990, Hayward et al., 1993) Df(1)mal10 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)mal17 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)run1112 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)T2-14A (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989)
Duplicated in	Dp(1;f)mini2 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Dp(1;f)mini77 (Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990) Dp(1;f)mini-ring (Perrimon et al., 1989) Dp(1;Y)B101 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Dp(1;Y)y+mal102 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Dp(1;Y)y+mal106 (Miklos and de Couet, 1990) Dp(1;Y)y+mal171 (Perrimon et al., 1989)
Not duplicated in	Dp(1;Y)y+mal126 (Miklos and de Couet, 1990)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD8164} NA P{KK107903} NA P{TRiP.JF03400} NA characterization construct P{SOL2} NA P{SOL3} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 7 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 term )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
nervous system development inferred from mutant phenotype (assigned by UniProtKB) (Delaney et al., 1991)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 6 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
calcium-dependent cysteine-type endopeptidase activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with EMBL:AF015038 (FlyBase, 1992-) zinc ion binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001876 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
proteolysis inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000169, InterPro:IPR001300, InterPro:IPR022684 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) visual behavior non-traceable author statement (FlyBase, 1992-)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasm non-traceable author statement (Friedrich et al., 2004) intracellular inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001300, InterPro:IPR001876, InterPro:IPR022684 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions sol allele Gene References sol1 rol (Coombe, 1986)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 68777 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003464 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 44014
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF19541 Dere\GG19724 Dgri\GH24810 Dmoj\GI21537 Dper\GL16009 Dpse\GA22813 Dsec\GM23078 Dsim\GD17529 Dvir\GJ16011 Dwil\GK16404 Dyak\GE17921
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dpse\GA12619   Dyak\sol (Takano-Shimizu, 2001)
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • XP_624008.1 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001945127.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) 98697 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) XP_001898349.1 Brugia malayi (roundworm nematode) ENSBTAP00000022070 Bos taurus (bovine) CBP28465 Caenorhabditis briggsae (nematode) CE28256 Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) ENSCAFP00000029102 Canis familiaris (dog) ENSCPOP00000018125 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) RP07581 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) 303248 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ENSDARP00000080000 Danio rerio (zebra fish) 192664 Hypsipyla robusta (cedar shoot borer) ENSP00000219611 Homo sapiens (human) ISCW017525-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) ENSMODP00000034465 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000000828 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMUSP00000039528 Mus musculus (house mouse) XP_001606848.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000020566 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSORLP00000008942 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) PHUM000979-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) ENSPPYP00000007826 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) ENSRNOP00000027430 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) XP_001179149.1 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) XP_971141.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) ENSTNIP00000006907 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) 21893 Thalassiosira pseudonana (marine diatom) ENSTRUP00000036527 Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish Takifugu) 3683.m00054 Tetrahymena thermophila (ciliate protozoa) ENSXETP00000022734 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB18401 NV12034 LH16370 ISCW017525 FBgn0235357 FBgn0218406 FBgn0203196 FBgn0189079 FBgn0177946 JGI_V11_303248 FBgn0244216 FBgn0153615 FBgn0144267 FBgn0132266 FBgn0111925 FBgn0096548 CPIJ010344 BGIBMGA009492 ACYPI006274 GB14881 AGAP000829 AAEL006960 PHUM006450 GLEAN_07727
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 2 )
Bloomington	29463 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF03400}attP2
VDRC	v17740 w1118; P{GD8164}v17740/CyO
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR09F10 BACR23I18 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 69 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GH04108 RE21811 SD26238
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GH26120 GH27753 GH28677 GM01390 HL06653 LD21459 LP20270 SD01911 SD04348 SD07986 SD10419 SD13271 SD16565 SD19756 SD21295
Other clones	42645 47744 60987 76542 156381 192798 193906 CK01.26A.H9 CK01.49B.G9 CK01.54B.C8 CK01.62C.B8 EC054263 EK024923 EK041525 EK044144 EK050440 EK133601 EK165128 EK171305 EK175763 EK185763 EK206641 EK259115 EK295527 RP004013808 RP004159037 RP004203486 RP004208669 RP004212407 RP004214539 RP004218011 RP004218089 RP004223161 RP004236652 RP004249050 RP004250652 RP004250675 RP004258528 RP004260152 RP004260769 RP004262721 RP004265221 RP004295857 RP004342669 RP004344983 RP004349349 RP004439870 RP004474306 RP004524725 RP004532049 UT01477
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003464 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 44014
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: sol CG1391 (Bayraktaroglu, 2000.4.12)
Additional comments
Other Comments
	sol- flies have Ca2+-activated protease activity that is indistinguishable from wild-type flies. (Pinter, 1998.7.1) sol has been cloned and characterized: brain morphology of mutant individuals has been rescued by P element mediated transformation. (Delaney et al., 1991) The genomic region containing sol and slgA has been cloned and analysed. (Barleben et al., 1989) mnb, when in combination with rol and sol, shows diminished amplitudes of light-on and light-off transient spikes. (Coombe, 1986) Behavioural and anatomical studies demonstrate that central brain lesions can be interpreted behaviourally. (Heisenberg et al., 1985) In behavioral tests, sol1 was complemented by alleles of l(1)19Ff and also by mutations at the nearby slgA, uncl and stn loci (Miklos et al., 1987).   Medulla, lobula and lobula-plate optic ganglia reduced in volume and cell number (anatomical criteria on which several of the mutations, including the most studied allele sol1, were isolated by Heisenberg and Bohl, 1979); lamina seems unaffected; degree of reduction in the three more proximal visual-system ganglia is allele-dependent; after isogenization the severity ranking of nine alleles was as follows: sol2 = sol3 (ca. 50% normal volume) > sol6 = sol9 = sol16 > sol1 = sol4 = sol5 = sol8 (ca. 30% normal volume). Three sol mutants isolated on basis of fast phototaxis; Markow and Merriam (1977) showed that one such allele, sol4, causes flies to be anomalously photo positive and highly geonegative in maze tests. Anatomically, sol mutations cause specific cell types in medulla to be missing (Fischbach and Heisenberg, 1981); stratifications in outer medulla are missing; in general, however, mutant optic lobes are grossly well structured, and there are no disorders in the optic chiasma; special classes of transmedullary columnar neurons as well as intramedullary cells are absent; numbers of columns in the visual ganglia are normal, but numbers of neurons per column are reduced; certain neurons called T1 cells are present in each column in sol1, as usual; these reductions in cell numbers are caused by cell-type-specific degeneration of presumptive optic lobe neurons during pupation, with no degeneration apparent in neuropils of these ganglia (Fischbach and Technau, 1984); the number of axons severely reduced in anterior optic track and the combining of so with sol1 showed that these two mutations act independently on nearly exclusive subsets of these axons (Fischbach and Lyly-Hunerberg, 1983). Mosaic study showed that aberrant morphology of visual ganglia is autonomous in these optic lobes (Fischbach and Technau, 1984); adult eye and lamina optic lobe appear normal. In combination with rol and mnb mutations, sol causes diminished amplitudes of light-on and light-off transient spikes in electroretinogram (Coombe, 1986); visual fixation behavior notably defective (Fischbach and Heisenberg, 1981) <up>e.g., in the walking mode, fixation behavior is actually reversed in all sol alleles (Fischbach)</up> as, to a lesser degree, are landing responses and 'figure/ground' discrimination; on the other hand, optomotor yaw response is nearly normal (Fischbach and Heisenberg, 1981); orientation to spots in multiple Y-maze quite subnormal (Bulthoff, 1982a,b). Shock-avoidance learning of sol1 (Heisenberg, Borst, Wagner and Byers, 1985) and color discrimination in sol1, sol2, and sol3 (Fischbach) are normal; there are, however, deficits in visual plasticity (Gotz, 1983) and in the flexibility that wild types can exhibit in optomotor flight control tests (Gotz, 1985). Circadian rhythms of adult locomotor activity basically normal (Helfrich and Engelmann, 1983; Helfrich, 1986), but when sol1 combined with so, all flies tested showed complex periodicities, with a given behavioral record having one component at approximately 21 and another at approximately 26 h (Helfrich, 1986).
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_057389 NM_057390 NM_206801 NM_206802 NM_001169342 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_476737 NP_476738 NP_996524 NP_996525 NP_001162813 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAB95431 AAC28409 AAF50826 AAF50827 AAM75061 AAS65411 AAS65412 AC011251 ACZ95346 AF017777 AY128468 BI215416 M64084 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 44014 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P27398
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Peptidase, cysteine peptidase active site (IPR000169) Peptidase C2, calpain, catalytic domain (IPR001300) Zinc finger, RanBP2-type (IPR001876) Peptidase C2, calpain family (IPR022684) MEROPS - An information resource for peptidases and the proteins that inhibit them • C02.010
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 68777 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003464 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003464 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003464 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG1391-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0003464 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 44014 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • XP_624008.1 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001945127.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) 98697 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) XP_001898349.1 Brugia malayi (roundworm nematode) ENSBTAP00000022070 Bos taurus (bovine) CBP28465 Caenorhabditis briggsae (nematode) CE28256 Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) ENSCAFP00000029102 Canis familiaris (dog) ENSCPOP00000018125 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) RP07581 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) 303248 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ENSDARP00000080000 Danio rerio (zebra fish) 192664 Hypsipyla robusta (cedar shoot borer) ENSP00000219611 Homo sapiens (human) ISCW017525-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) ENSMODP00000034465 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000000828 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMUSP00000039528 Mus musculus (house mouse) XP_001606848.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000020566 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSORLP00000008942 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) PHUM000979-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) ENSPPYP00000007826 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) ENSRNOP00000027430 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) XP_001179149.1 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) XP_971141.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) ENSTNIP00000006907 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) 21893 Thalassiosira pseudonana (marine diatom) ENSTRUP00000036527 Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish Takifugu) 3683.m00054 Tetrahymena thermophila (ciliate protozoa) ENSXETP00000022734 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 44014 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0003464 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB18401 NV12034 LH16370 ISCW017525 FBgn0235357 FBgn0218406 FBgn0203196 FBgn0189079 FBgn0177946 JGI_V11_303248 FBgn0244216 FBgn0153615 FBgn0144267 FBgn0132266 FBgn0111925 FBgn0096548 CPIJ010344 BGIBMGA009492 ACYPI006274 GB14881 AGAP000829 AAEL006960 PHUM006450 GLEAN_07727
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 11 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CalpD (Friedrich et al., 2004) CG1391 (Perkins et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5) DmSol (Ono et al., 1998) nofE   PC79   SOL (Friedrich et al., 2004) sol (Haerty et al., 2007, Cardoso et al., 2006, Wülbeck et al., 2008) Sol (Miller et al., 2010) w5000
Name Synonym	small optic lobe (Friedrich et al., 2004) small optic lobes (Maleszka et al., 1998, Wülbeck et al., 2008)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0031175
References ( 74 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 74 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 36 ) Supplementary material  ( 3 ) Review  ( 9 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 6 ) Abstract  ( 9 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Book  ( 1 ) Computer file  ( 2 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 ) Letter  ( 2 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 1 )
	Miller et al., 2010, Neuron 67(2): 199--212 Matrix Metalloproteinases Are Modifiers of Huntingtin Proteolysis and Toxicity in Huntington's Disease. [FBrf0211410] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...