FB2025_01 , released February 20, 2025
Gene: Dmel\spn-D
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\spn-D
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
spindle D
Annotation Symbol
CG31069
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0003482
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
8 publicly available
Gene Summary
spindle D (spn-D) encodes a DNA repair protein required for homologous recombinational DNA repair. It functions in meiotic recombination. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

spnD

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
97E6-97E6
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-92
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:27165716..27167122
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (23 terms)
Molecular Function (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (7 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables ATP binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR020588
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables ATP-dependent activity, acting on DNA
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001415033
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables ATP-dependent DNA damage sensor activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR020588
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables DNA binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR020588
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables DNA strand exchange activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001415033
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables double-stranded DNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001415033
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables single-stranded DNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001415033
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (16 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (12 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in dorsal appendage formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Klattenhoff et al., 2007)
involved_in double-strand break repair
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Joyce and McKim, 2009)
involved_in germarium-derived oocyte fate determination
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:mus301; FB:FBgn0002899
(Gonzalez-Reyes et al., 1997)
involved_in intracellular mRNA localization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gonzalez-Reyes et al., 1997)
involved_in microtubule organizing center organization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Klattenhoff et al., 2007)
involved_in oocyte fate determination
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Joyce and McKim, 2009)
involved_in oocyte karyosome formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gonzalez-Reyes et al., 1997)
involved_in oocyte localization involved in germarium-derived egg chamber formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gonzalez-Reyes et al., 1997)
involved_in oogenesis
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:fs(1)K10; FB:FBgn0000810
(Gonzalez-Reyes et al., 1997)
involved_in polarity specification of anterior/posterior axis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gonzalez-Reyes et al., 1997)
involved_in polarity specification of dorsal/ventral axis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gonzalez-Reyes et al., 1997)
involved_in reciprocal meiotic recombination
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Joyce and McKim, 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (7 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in DNA recombinase assembly
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001415033
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in DNA repair
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR020588
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in DNA strand invasion
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001415033
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in intracellular mRNA localization
traceable author statement
(Cooperstock and Lipshitz, 1997)
involved_in mitotic recombination
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001415033
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in oogenesis
traceable author statement
(van Eeden and St. Johnston, 1999)
involved_in reciprocal meiotic recombination
traceable author statement
(Morris and Lehmann, 1999)
Cellular Component (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
spindle D (spn-D) encodes a DNA repair protein required for homologous recombinational DNA repair. It functions in meiotic recombination. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
RAD51-LIKE ATPASES -
Rad51-like ATPases include RAD51 and its paralogs, which play an essential role in repair of double-strand DNA breaks through homologous recombination. They act to transduce the DNA damage signal to effector kinases and to promote break repair. (Adapted from PMID:21821141.)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
spn-D: spindle D
Maternal-effect lethal. Similar to spn-A; embryos sometimes hatch.
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\spn-D for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q8SZ30)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Gene model reviewed during 5.53

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
spn-D-RA
FBtr0085116
NM_170321
1026
270
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

1.5 (northern blot)

(Abdu et al., 2003)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
spn-D-PA
FBpp0084486
31.2
270
9.26
Q8SZ30
NP_733200
AAN14399
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\spn-D using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.33

Transcript Expression
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage | female
ovary
(Abdu et al., 2003)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\spn-D in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 9 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of spn-D
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of spn-D
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 3 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (7)
Hsap\RAD51C
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
Hsap\RAD51B
3 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\RAD51
3 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\DMC1
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RAD51D
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\XRCC3
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\XRCC2
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (7)
Rnor\Rad51c
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Rad51
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Dmc1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Rad51b
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Rad51d
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Xrcc3
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Xrcc2
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (7)
Mmus\Rad51c
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Rad51b
3 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Rad51
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Dmc1
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rad51d
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Xrcc3
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Xrcc2
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (4)
Xtro\rad51c
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\rad51d
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\tmx1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\xrcc3
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (7)
Drer\rad51c
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\rad51b
3 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\rad51
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\dmc1
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\rad51d
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\xrcc3
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\xrcc2
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (3)
Cele\rad-51
2 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\isy-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\rfs-1
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (5)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003791
10 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP013412
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006164
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP013180
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006734
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (11)
Atha\RAD51C
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\RAD51
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\RAD51B
3 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\DMC1
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\RAD51D
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\RECA1
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\XRCC3
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G32920
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\RECA2
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\RECA3
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\XRCC2
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (4)
Scer\RAD51
3 of 13
Yes
No
Scer\RAD57
3 of 13
Yes
No
Scer\DMC1
2 of 13
No
No
Scer\RAD55
1 of 13
No
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (5)
Spom\rhp57
4 of 12
Yes
No
Spom\rhp51
3 of 12
No
No
Spom\dmc1
2 of 12
No
No
Spom\rdl1
2 of 12
No
Yes
Spom\rhp55
2 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (1)
Ecol\recA
2 of 11
Yes
No
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:spn-D. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (5)
spn-A
4 of 13
Rad51D
3 of 13
spn-B
3 of 13
Afg3l2
1 of 13
Xrcc2
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    RAD51C; RAD51 paralog C
    model of  Fanconi anemia complementation group O
    IEA
    (FlyBase, 2019-)
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    RAD51C; RAD51 paralog C
    11 of 14
    602774
     
    RAD51B; RAD51 paralog B
    3 of 14
    602948
        RAD51; RAD51 recombinase
        3 of 14
        179617
         
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        esyN Network Diagram
        Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
        Show/hide secondary interactors 
        (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
        Select Layout:
        Legend:
        Protein
        RNA
        Selected Interactor(s)
        Other Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
        protein-protein
        Physical Interaction
        Assay
        References
        spn-D - spn-B
        two hybrid
        (Joyce et al., 2012)
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        esyN Network Diagram
        Show/hide secondary interactors 
        (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
        esyN Network Key:
        Suppression
        Enhancement
        Other Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        spn-D
        suppressible
        Brca2
        (Klovstad et al., 2008)
        spn-D
        suppressible
        lok
        (Klattenhoff et al., 2007, Abdu et al., 2002)
        spn-D
        suppressible
        mei-41
        (Abdu et al., 2003)
        spn-D
        suppressible
        mei-W68
        (Abdu et al., 2003)
        spn-D
        enhanceable
        spn-A
        (Huynh and St. Johnston, 2000, Gonzalez-Reyes et al., 1997)
        spn-D
        enhanceable
        spn-B
        (Gonzalez-Reyes et al., 1997)
        spn-D
        enhanceable
        spn-E
        (Gonzalez-Reyes et al., 1997)
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        spn-A
        enhanceable
        spn-D
        (Huynh and St. Johnston, 2000)
        spn-B
        enhanceable
        spn-D
        (Gonzalez-Reyes et al., 1997)
        spn-E
        enhanceable
        spn-D
        (Gonzalez-Reyes et al., 1997)
        External Data
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        FlyBase
        External Links
        External Data
        Linkouts
        KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
        Class of Gene
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        3R
        Recombination map
        3-92
        Cytogenetic map
        97E6-97E6
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        97E6-97E6
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}sda03884 and P{PZ}btzrL203
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        3-92

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        3-89.6

        (Comeron et al., 2012)

        3-91

        (Abdu et al., 2003, Gonzalez-Reyes et al., 1997, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (8)
        Genomic Clones (12)
         

        Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

        cDNA Clones (3)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

          For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

          cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
          BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
            RNAi and Array Information
            Linkouts
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Antibody Information
            Laboratory Generated Antibodies
             
            Commercially Available Antibodies
             
            Cell Line Information
            Publicly Available Cell Lines
             
              Other Stable Cell Lines
               
                Other Comments

                New annotation (CG31069) in release 3 of the genome annotation.

                (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

                Analysis of mutants of the 5 spindle genes (spn-A, spn-B, mus301, spn-D and spn-E) reveals that the group of genes is required for each of the symmetry-breaking steps that generate polarity during axis formation. spn-E is required for the localisation of fs(1)K10, bcd and osk mRNAs, spn-A. spn-B, mus301 and spn-D play an indirect role in this process. Double mutants analysis suggests that spn-B and spn-D genes play a partially redundant role in oocyte positioning.

                (Gonzalez-Reyes et al., 1997)

                Mutations in the spn-A, spn-B and spn-D genes result in a very similar phenotype to those in mus301, and in all cases the misplacement of the oocyte has the same consequences on the establishment of AP polarity in the egg chamber, as determined by the slbo expression in the follicle cells and the localization of osk and bcd mRNAs within the oocyte.

                (Gonzalez-Reyes and St. Johnston, 1994)
                Relationship to Other Genes
                Source for database merge of

                Source for merge of: spn-D CG31069

                (FlyBase, 1996-)

                Source for merge of: spn-D BcDNA:RE19845

                (FlyBase, 1996-)
                Additional comments

                Source for merge of spn-D CG31069 was sequence comparison ( date:030514 ).

                (FlyBase, 1996-)

                Source for merge of spn-D BcDNA:RE19845 was a shared cDNA ( date:030728 ).

                (FlyBase, 1996-)
                Nomenclature History
                Source for database identify of
                Nomenclature comments
                Etymology
                Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)
                Datasets (0)
                Study focus (0)
                Experimental Role
                Project
                Project Type
                Title
                Study result (0)
                Result
                Result Type
                Title
                External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 38 )
                Sequence Crossreferences
                NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                Other crossreferences
                AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                Linkouts
                BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                References (80)