• Home
• Tools
  • Tools Overview
  • Query Tools

    
    • QuickSearch
    • QueryBuilder
    • TermLink
    • CytoSearch
    • RNA-Seq Search
    • Interactions Browser
    • ImageBrowse
    • Find A Person
    • Google™ FlyBase
  • Genomic/Map Tools

    
    • BLAST
    • GBrowse
    • GBrowse 2 Beta
    • CytoSearch
    • Feature Mapper
    • Aberrations Maps
    • Chromosome Maps
    • Coordinates Converter
  • Retrieve/Convert

    
    • Batch Download
    • Coordinates Converter
    • ID Converter
  • Data Submission

    
    • Fast-Track Your Paper
    • Submit Personal Comm
    • Add A New Person
    • Update Person Info
  • People

    
    • Find A Person
    • Add A New Person
    • Update Person Info
• Files
  • Files Overview
  • Current release
  • Archived releases
  • Map Conversion
  • FTP site:
  • Releases (FTP)
  • Genomes (FTP)
• Species
  • Phylogeny
  • Sequenced Species
  • Synteny Table
  • Color Illustrations
  • Abbreviations
• Documents
  • About FlyBase
  • Reference Manual:
  • Sections
  • Contents
  • Nomenclature
  • Release Notes
• Resources
  • All Resources
  • Model Organisms
  • Stock Collections
  • Vectors & Constructs
  • Other links:
  • BDGP
  • DGRC
  • DIS by issue
  • FlyExpress
  • Interactive Fly
  • modENCODE
  • Textpresso for Fly
• News
  • News
  • FlyBase Forum
  • FlyBase Positions
  • Meetings
  • Courses
  • Fly Board
  • White papers
  • Funding
  • bionet.dros
• Help
  • Google™ FlyBase
  • Site Map
  • FAQs
  • FlyBase Guides
  • Video Tutorials
  • Report help
  • New to Flies
  • Pers. comm.
  • Author guidelines
  • Contact FlyBase
• Archives
  • Prior Release
  • Other Archives
  • Coordinate Converter

Gene Dmel\spz

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\spz	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	spatzle	Annotation symbol	CG6134
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0003495
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	13 publicly available
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3R	Recombination map	3-92
Cytogenetic map	97E1-97E1	Sequence location	3R:22,890,712..22,895,792 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene spatzle is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\spz (CG6134, FBgn0003495). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: growth factor activity; protein homodimerization activity; Toll binding. There is experimental evidence for 13 unique biological process terms, many of which group under: biological regulation; response to stress; immune response; dorsal/ventral axis specification; defense response to fungus; single-organism developmental process; immune system process; regionalization; response to other organism; cellular component organization or biogenesis; defense response to bacterium. 69 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: embryonic/first instar larval cuticle; embryonic/larval fat body; embryonic/larval hemocoel; embryonic/larval somatic muscle. It has 8 annotated transcripts and 8 annotated polypeptides. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages, during early pupal stages, in adult female stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult salivary gland. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, adult thoracico-abdominal ganglion, adult crop, larval/adult hindgut, larval fat body, larval salivary gland, adult female reproductive system, larval/adult carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1641068_a_at completely aligns to an exonic region common to each of the 12 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of spz. Gene sequence location is 3R:22890712..22895792.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	spz: spaztle Maternal-effect lethal. Embryos dorsalized, germline dependent. Phenotypic rescue achieved by injection of cytoplasm or poly(A)+RNA from wild-type embryos into young embryos produced by spz females; cytoplasm more effective than RNA (Seifert et al.). Temperature-sensitive period of spz3 extends from oogenesis through fertilization until about the time of pole-cell formation. Strong alleles amorphic by deficiency testing. Pole-cell-transplantation studies indicate that spz acts in germ line and not soma of mother (Seifert et al.).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 97E1-97E1   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}sda03884 and P{PZ}btzrL203
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3-92 (Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, Riede, 1996)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\spz for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.46 Alternative transcripts labeled with isoform names according to (FBrf0134774) Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) spz-RA FBtr0085137  NM_079802   2128   326 spz-RB FBtr0085138  NM_170312   2050   300 spz-RC FBtr0085139  NM_170315   1909   253 spz-RD FBtr0085140  NM_170316   1969   273 spz-RI FBtr0085145  NM_170309   1831   227 spz-RJ FBtr0085146  NM_170313   1882   244 spz-RK FBtr0112834  NM_001104472   2118   290 spz-RL FBtr0114372  NM_001144644   2058   270
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	2.3, 2.1, 1.9 (longest cDNA) (Morisato and Anderson, 1994)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein spz-PA   FBpp0084507   37.4   326   6.59     NP_524526   AAF56658 spz-PB   FBpp0084508   34.3   300   7.21     NP_733191   AAN14391 spz-PC   FBpp0084509   29.0   253   6.03     NP_733194   AAN14394 spz-PD   FBpp0084510   30.9   273   7.42     NP_733195   AAN14395 spz-PI   FBpp0084515   25.9   227   6.97     NP_733188   AAN14388 spz-PJ   FBpp0084516   28.0   244   6.35     NP_733192   AAN14392 spz-PK   FBpp0111747   33.0   290   6.85     NP_001097942   ABW08781 spz-PL   FBpp0112921   31.0   270   7.21     NP_001138116   ACL83572
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	326, 253 (aa); 38, 29 (kD predicted); 23 (kD) (Morisato and Anderson, 1994) 24 (kD) (Schneider et al., 1994)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA202643   AA567564   AA950736   AE014297 AAF56658   AE014297 AAN14388   AE014297 AAN14391   AE014297 AAN14392   AE014297 AAN14394   AE014297 AAN14395   AE014297 ABW08781   AE014297 ACL83572   AF237964 AAF98123   AF237965 AAF98124   AF237966 AAF98125   AF237967   AF237968 AAF98127   AF237969 AAF98128   AF237970 AAF98129   AF237971 AAF98130   AF237972 AAF98131   AF237973 AAF98132   AF237974 AAF82745   AI386566   AI530858   AI530870   AI534429   AI534492   AI541941   AI542825   AW944498   AY060478 AAL25517   AY349656 AAQ64939   AY349657 AAQ64940   AY349658 AAQ64941   AY349659 AAQ64942   AY349660 AAQ64943   AY349661 AAQ64944   AY349662 AAQ64945   AY349663 AAQ64946   AY349664 AAQ64947   AY349665 AAQ64948   BG635480   BG636730   BH854557   BI367379   BI632445   BI633501   BI634038   BI635629   BI635766   BI637920   BI638277   BI638287   BI640041   BI640365   BT001898 AAN71687   BT044193   CO152742   CO152992   CO154114   CO154207   CO154505   CO154630   CO154649   CO155079   CO155197   CO155442   CO155848   CO156865   CO263334   CO264014   CO271941   CO298448   CO299441   CO299522   CO309860   CO312142   CO320866   CO321479   CO335473   CO335756   CO335788   CO336379   CO336537   CO337095   CO337325   CO337835   CO338077   CO338797   CZ471362   CZ489954   CZ489955   EC070773   EC075938   EC085167   EC196093   EC198421   EC209028   EC210156   EC213567   EC216136   EC222606   EC223406   EC242688   EC261327   EC261365   EC261536   EC261990   EC262190   EC262512   EC262899   EC262974   EC263830   EC264116   EC264258   EC264651   EC265094   EC265380   EC265401   EC265600   EC266436   EC266866   EC267352   EC268051   EF155533 ABM21577   EV586072   EV596531   GH941985   GH942260   GH942784   GH944543   GH945131   GH945945   GH951240   GH952750   GH953465   GH954855   GH956628   GH959655   GH961121   GH961214   GH961883   GH963053   GH964637   GH969326   GH972098   GH975608   GH978048   GH979322   GH980002   GH980702   GH981552   GH981681   GH981972   GH982585   U05850 AAA17887
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P48607
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q8IG88 Q8IMP8 A1Z0H7 Q6V6V9 Q8IMQ1 Q8IMP9 Q8IMQ0 Q8IMP7 Q6V6V8
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   A1-7 segment border muscle   (Zhu et al., 2008) A1-7 lateral transverse muscle   (Zhu et al., 2008) embryonic stage 1 -- 3   organism   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:maternally deposited embryonic stage 13   ventral midline   (Zhu et al., 2008) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   embryonic foregut   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic rectum   (Fisher et al., 2012) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 4     (Morisato and Anderson, 1994) Comment:reference states 0-2 hr AEL oogenesis & adult stage | female   ovary   (Morisato and Anderson, 1994)
Additional Descriptive Data
	spz transcripts are detected in RNA from ovaries and early embryos. In embryos, spz transcripts are rare and disappear within 2 hours after egg laying. (Morisato and Anderson, 1994)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
	spz protein is secreted into the perivitelline space. (Morisato and Anderson, 1994)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
extracellular region inferred from direct assay (Schneider et al., 1994) inferred from direct assay (assigned by UniProtKB) (Morisato and Anderson, 1994) protein complex inferred from physical interaction with Tl (Gangloff et al., 2008)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult salivary gland. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, adult thoracico-abdominal ganglion, adult crop, larval/adult hindgut, larval fat body, larval salivary gland, adult female reproductive system, larval/adult carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    96.85 Larval Midgut    19.5 Larval Hindgut    119.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    13.7 Larval Fat Body    112.6 Larval Salivary Gland    416.5 Larval Trachea    98.225 Larval Carcass    142.925 Adult Head    237.5 Adult Eye    111.025 Adult Brain    89.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    127.8 Adult Crop    301 Adult Midgut    20 Adult Hindgut    110.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.7 Adult Fat Body    88.4 Adult Salivary Gland    502.7 Adult Heart    68.425 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    115.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    90.6 Adult Ovary    375.8 Adult Testis    29.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    28.8 Adult Carcass    213.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    96.85 Larval Midgut    19.5 Larval Hindgut    119.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    13.7 Larval Fat Body    112.6 Larval Salivary Gland    416.5 Larval Trachea    98.225 Larval Carcass    142.925 Adult Head    237.5 Adult Eye    111.025 Adult Brain    89.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    127.8 Adult Crop    301 Adult Midgut    20 Adult Hindgut    110.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.7 Adult Fat Body    88.4 Adult Salivary Gland  502.7 Adult Heart    68.425 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    115.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    90.6 Adult Ovary    375.8 Adult Testis    29.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    28.8 Adult Carcass    213.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    96.85 Larval Midgut    19.5 Larval Hindgut    119.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    13.7 Larval Fat Body    112.6 Larval Salivary Gland    416.5 Larval Trachea    98.225 Larval Carcass    142.925 Adult Head    237.5 Adult Eye    111.025 Adult Brain    89.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    127.8 Adult Crop    301 Adult Midgut    20 Adult Hindgut    110.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.7 Adult Fat Body    88.4 Adult Salivary Gland    502.7 Adult Heart    68.425 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    115.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    90.6 Adult Ovary    375.8 Adult Testis    29.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    28.8 Adult Carcass    213.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    96.85 Larval Midgut    19.5 Larval Hindgut    119.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    13.7 Larval Fat Body    112.6 Larval Salivary Gland    416.5 Larval Trachea    98.225 Larval Carcass    142.925 Adult Head    237.5 Adult Eye    111.025 Adult Brain    89.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    127.8 Adult Crop    301 Adult Midgut    20 Adult Hindgut    110.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.7 Adult Fat Body    88.4 Adult Salivary Gland    502.7 Adult Heart    68.425 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    115.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    90.6 Adult Ovary    375.8 Adult Testis    29.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    28.8 Adult Carcass    213.9 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    96.85 Larval Midgut    19.5 Larval Hindgut    119.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    13.7 Larval Fat Body    112.6 Larval Salivary Gland    416.5 Larval Trachea    98.225 Larval Carcass    142.925 Adult Head    237.5 Adult Eye    111.025 Adult Brain    89.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    127.8 Adult Crop    301 Adult Midgut    20 Adult Hindgut    110.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.7 Adult Fat Body    88.4 Adult Salivary Gland    502.7 Adult Heart    68.425 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    115.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    90.6 Adult Ovary    375.8 Adult Testis    29.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    28.8 Adult Carcass    213.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    96.85 Larval Midgut    19.5 Larval Hindgut    119.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    13.7 Larval Fat Body    112.6 Larval Salivary Gland    416.5 Larval Trachea    98.225 Larval Carcass    142.925 Adult Head    237.5 Adult Eye    111.025 Adult Brain    89.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    127.8 Adult Crop    301 Adult Midgut    20 Adult Hindgut    110.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.7 Adult Fat Body    88.4 Adult Salivary Gland  502.7 Adult Heart    68.425 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    115.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    90.6 Adult Ovary    375.8 Adult Testis    29.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    28.8 Adult Carcass    213.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    96.85 Larval Midgut    19.5 Larval Hindgut    119.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    13.7 Larval Fat Body    112.6 Larval Salivary Gland    416.5 Larval Trachea    98.225 Larval Carcass    142.925 Adult Head    237.5 Adult Eye    111.025 Adult Brain    89.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    127.8 Adult Crop    301 Adult Midgut    20 Adult Hindgut    110.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.7 Adult Fat Body    88.4 Adult Salivary Gland    502.7 Adult Heart    68.425 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    115.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    90.6 Adult Ovary    375.8 Adult Testis    29.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    28.8 Adult Carcass    213.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    96.85 Larval Midgut    19.5 Larval Hindgut    119.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    13.7 Larval Fat Body    112.6 Larval Salivary Gland    416.5 Larval Trachea    98.225 Larval Carcass    142.925 Adult Head    237.5 Adult Eye    111.025 Adult Brain    89.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    127.8 Adult Crop    301 Adult Midgut    20 Adult Hindgut    110.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.7 Adult Fat Body    88.4 Adult Salivary Gland    502.7 Adult Heart    68.425 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    115.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    90.6 Adult Ovary    375.8 Adult Testis    29.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    28.8 Adult Carcass    213.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    237.5   NA  Eye    111.025   NA  Brain    89.1   96.85  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    127.8   NA  Crop    301   no informative data  Midgut    no informative data   119.5  Hindgut    110.8   no informative data  Malpighian Tubules    6.7   112.6  Fat Body    88.4   416.5  Salivary Gland    502.7   NA  Heart    68.425   98.225  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    115.7   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    90.6   NA  Ovary    375.8   NA  Testis    29.7   NA  Male Accessory Gland    28.8   142.925  Carcass    213.9 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    3 central nervous system, larvae L3    9 central nervous system, pupae P8    3 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    9 head, mated 4-day male    10 head, mated 20-day male    13 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    20 salivary gland, white prepupae    55 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    7 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    8 carcass, 20-day adult    12 ovary, virgin 4-day female    42 ovary, mated 4-day female    34 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    3 central nervous system, larvae L3    9 central nervous system, pupae P8    3 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    9 head, mated 4-day male    10 head, mated 20-day male    13 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    20 salivary gland, white prepupae  (55) digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    7 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    8 carcass, 20-day adult    12 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (42) ovary, mated 4-day female  (34) testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    3 central nervous system, larvae L3    9 central nervous system, pupae P8    3 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    9 head, mated 4-day male    10 head, mated 20-day male    13 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    20 salivary gland, white prepupae    55 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    7 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    8 carcass, 20-day adult    12 ovary, virgin 4-day female    42 ovary, mated 4-day female    34 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    3 central nervous system, larvae L3    9 central nervous system, pupae P8    3 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    9 head, mated 4-day male    10 head, mated 20-day male    13 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    20 salivary gland, white prepupae    55 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    7 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    8 carcass, 20-day adult    12 ovary, virgin 4-day female    42 ovary, mated 4-day female    34 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    3 central nervous system, larvae L3    9 central nervous system, pupae P8    3 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    9 head, mated 4-day male    10 head, mated 20-day male    13 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    20 salivary gland, white prepupae    55 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    7 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    8 carcass, 20-day adult    12 ovary, virgin 4-day female    42 ovary, mated 4-day female    34 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    3 central nervous system, larvae L3    9 central nervous system, pupae P8    3 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    9 head, mated 4-day male    10 head, mated 20-day male    13 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    20 salivary gland, white prepupae  (55) digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    7 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    8 carcass, 20-day adult    12 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (42) ovary, mated 4-day female  (34) testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    3 central nervous system, larvae L3    9 central nervous system, pupae P8    3 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    9 head, mated 4-day male    10 head, mated 20-day male    13 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    20 salivary gland, white prepupae    55 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    7 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    8 carcass, 20-day adult    12 ovary, virgin 4-day female    42 ovary, mated 4-day female    34 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    3 central nervous system, larvae L3    9 central nervous system, pupae P8    3 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    9 head, mated 4-day male    10 head, mated 20-day male    13 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    20 salivary gland, white prepupae    55 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    7 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    8 carcass, 20-day adult    12 ovary, virgin 4-day female    42 ovary, mated 4-day female    34 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages, during early pupal stages, in adult female stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    39 embryo 02-04hr    6 embryo 04-06hr    2 embryo 06-08hr    1 embryo 08-10hr    2 embryo 10-12hr    5 embryo 12-14hr    11 embryo 14-16hr    12 embryo 16-18hr    14 embryo 18-20hr    9 embryo 20-22hr    8 embryo 22-24hr    10 larva L1    7 larva L2    8 larva L3 12hr old    11 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    7 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    8 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    10 white prepupae new    11 white prepupae 12hr    33 white prepupae 24hr    10 pupae 2d postWPP    11 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    9 adult male 01day    6 adult male 05day    7 adult male 30day    7 adult female 01day    10 adult female 05day    28 adult female 30day    25 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (39) embryo 02-04hr    6 embryo 04-06hr    2 embryo 06-08hr    1 embryo 08-10hr    2 embryo 10-12hr    5 embryo 12-14hr    11 embryo 14-16hr    12 embryo 16-18hr    14 embryo 18-20hr    9 embryo 20-22hr    8 embryo 22-24hr    10 larva L1    7 larva L2    8 larva L3 12hr old    11 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    7 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    8 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    10 white prepupae new    11 white prepupae 12hr  (33) white prepupae 24hr    10 pupae 2d postWPP    11 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    9 adult male 01day    6 adult male 05day    7 adult male 30day    7 adult female 01day    10 adult female 05day  (28) adult female 30day    25 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    39 embryo 02-04hr    6 embryo 04-06hr    2 embryo 06-08hr    1 embryo 08-10hr    2 embryo 10-12hr    5 embryo 12-14hr    11 embryo 14-16hr    12 embryo 16-18hr    14 embryo 18-20hr    9 embryo 20-22hr    8 embryo 22-24hr    10 larva L1    7 larva L2    8 larva L3 12hr old    11 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    7 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    8 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    10 white prepupae new    11 white prepupae 12hr    33 white prepupae 24hr    10 pupae 2d postWPP    11 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    9 adult male 01day    6 adult male 05day    7 adult male 30day    7 adult female 01day    10 adult female 05day    28 adult female 30day    25 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    39 embryo 02-04hr    6 embryo 04-06hr    2 embryo 06-08hr    1 embryo 08-10hr    2 embryo 10-12hr    5 embryo 12-14hr    11 embryo 14-16hr    12 embryo 16-18hr    14 embryo 18-20hr    9 embryo 20-22hr    8 embryo 22-24hr    10 larva L1    7 larva L2    8 larva L3 12hr old    11 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    7 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    8 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    10 white prepupae new    11 white prepupae 12hr    33 white prepupae 24hr    10 pupae 2d postWPP    11 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    9 adult male 01day    6 adult male 05day    7 adult male 30day    7 adult female 01day    10 adult female 05day    28 adult female 30day    25 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    39 embryo 02-04hr    6 embryo 04-06hr    2 embryo 06-08hr    1 embryo 08-10hr    2 embryo 10-12hr    5 embryo 12-14hr    11 embryo 14-16hr    12 embryo 16-18hr    14 embryo 18-20hr    9 embryo 20-22hr    8 embryo 22-24hr    10 larva L1    7 larva L2    8 larva L3 12hr old    11 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    7 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    8 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    10 white prepupae new    11 white prepupae 12hr    33 white prepupae 24hr    10 pupae 2d postWPP    11 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    9 adult male 01day    6 adult male 05day    7 adult male 30day    7 adult female 01day    10 adult female 05day    28 adult female 30day    25 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (39) embryo 02-04hr    6 embryo 04-06hr    2 embryo 06-08hr    1 embryo 08-10hr    2 embryo 10-12hr    5 embryo 12-14hr    11 embryo 14-16hr    12 embryo 16-18hr    14 embryo 18-20hr    9 embryo 20-22hr    8 embryo 22-24hr    10 larva L1    7 larva L2    8 larva L3 12hr old    11 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    7 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    8 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    10 white prepupae new    11 white prepupae 12hr  (33) white prepupae 24hr    10 pupae 2d postWPP    11 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    9 adult male 01day    6 adult male 05day    7 adult male 30day    7 adult female 01day    10 adult female 05day  28 adult female 30day    25 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    39 embryo 02-04hr    6 embryo 04-06hr    2 embryo 06-08hr    1 embryo 08-10hr    2 embryo 10-12hr    5 embryo 12-14hr    11 embryo 14-16hr    12 embryo 16-18hr    14 embryo 18-20hr    9 embryo 20-22hr    8 embryo 22-24hr    10 larva L1    7 larva L2    8 larva L3 12hr old    11 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    7 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    8 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    10 white prepupae new    11 white prepupae 12hr    33 white prepupae 24hr    10 pupae 2d postWPP    11 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    9 adult male 01day    6 adult male 05day    7 adult male 30day    7 adult female 01day    10 adult female 05day    28 adult female 30day    25 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    39 embryo 02-04hr    6 embryo 04-06hr    2 embryo 06-08hr    1 embryo 08-10hr    2 embryo 10-12hr    5 embryo 12-14hr    11 embryo 14-16hr    12 embryo 16-18hr    14 embryo 18-20hr    9 embryo 20-22hr    8 embryo 22-24hr    10 larva L1    7 larva L2    8 larva L3 12hr old    11 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    7 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    8 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    10 white prepupae new    11 white prepupae 12hr    33 white prepupae 24hr    10 pupae 2d postWPP    11 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    9 adult male 01day    6 adult male 05day    7 adult male 30day    7 adult female 01day    10 adult female 05day    28 adult female 30day    25 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    35 Schneider line 2 Sg4    25 embryonic 1182-4H    25 embryonic GM2    27 embryonic Kc167    10 embryonic S1    11 embryonic S3    39 leg disc CME L1    35 wing disc CME-W2    18 wing disc ML-DmD8    20 wing disc ML-DmD9    27 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    42 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32    30 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    2 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    13 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    17 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    37 tumorous blood cells mbn2    124 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (35) Schneider line 2 Sg4    25 embryonic 1182-4H    25 embryonic GM2  (27) embryonic Kc167    10 embryonic S1    11 embryonic S3  (39) leg disc CME L1  (35) wing disc CME-W2    18 wing disc ML-DmD8    20 wing disc ML-DmD9  (27) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (42) wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32  (30) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    2 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    13 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    17 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (37) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (124) ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    35 Schneider line 2 Sg4    25 embryonic 1182-4H    25 embryonic GM2    27 embryonic Kc167    10 embryonic S1    11 embryonic S3    39 leg disc CME L1    35 wing disc CME-W2    18 wing disc ML-DmD8    20 wing disc ML-DmD9    27 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    42 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32    30 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    2 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    13 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    17 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    37 tumorous blood cells mbn2  (124) ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    35 Schneider line 2 Sg4    25 embryonic 1182-4H    25 embryonic GM2    27 embryonic Kc167    10 embryonic S1    11 embryonic S3    39 leg disc CME L1    35 wing disc CME-W2    18 wing disc ML-DmD8    20 wing disc ML-DmD9    27 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    42 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32    30 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    2 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    13 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    17 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    37 tumorous blood cells mbn2    124 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    35 Schneider line 2 Sg4    25 embryonic 1182-4H    25 embryonic GM2    27 embryonic Kc167    10 embryonic S1    11 embryonic S3    39 leg disc CME L1    35 wing disc CME-W2    18 wing disc ML-DmD8    20 wing disc ML-DmD9    27 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    42 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32    30 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    2 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    13 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    17 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    37 tumorous blood cells mbn2    124 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (35) Schneider line 2 Sg4    25 embryonic 1182-4H    25 embryonic GM2  27 embryonic Kc167    10 embryonic S1    11 embryonic S3  (39) leg disc CME L1  (35) wing disc CME-W2    18 wing disc ML-DmD8    20 wing disc ML-DmD9  27 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (42) wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32  30 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    2 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    13 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    17 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (37) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (124) ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    35 Schneider line 2 Sg4    25 embryonic 1182-4H    25 embryonic GM2    27 embryonic Kc167    10 embryonic S1    11 embryonic S3    39 leg disc CME L1    35 wing disc CME-W2    18 wing disc ML-DmD8    20 wing disc ML-DmD9    27 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    42 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32    30 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    2 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    13 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    17 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    37 tumorous blood cells mbn2  124 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    35 Schneider line 2 Sg4    25 embryonic 1182-4H    25 embryonic GM2    27 embryonic Kc167    10 embryonic S1    11 embryonic S3    39 leg disc CME L1    35 wing disc CME-W2    18 wing disc ML-DmD8    20 wing disc ML-DmD9    27 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    42 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32    30 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    2 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    13 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    17 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    37 tumorous blood cells mbn2    124 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    9 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    28 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    18 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    19 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    7 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    9 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (28) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    18 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    19 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    7 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    9 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    28 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    18 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    19 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    7 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    9 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    28 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    18 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    19 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    7 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    9 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    28 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    18 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    19 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    7 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    9 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  28 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    18 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    19 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    7 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    9 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    28 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    18 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    19 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    7 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    9 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    28 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    18 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    19 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    7 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_26
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • SD07354 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003495 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG6134-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for spz Stages(s) 1-3 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | dominant | maternal effect spzD1 lethal | embryonic stage | germline clone | non-rescuable maternal effect | recessive spz3R-5-23 spz3R-8-6 spz3R-39-28 spz3R-90-18 lethal | embryonic stage | maternal effect | recessive spz3 spz4 lethal | maternal effect spz1 lethal | maternal effect | recessive spzD1-RPA19 spzD1-RPB10 spzD1-RPE17 spzD1-RPF7 spzD1-RPF17 spzD1-RPJ spzD1-RPN spzD1-RPQ spzD1-RPV spzD1-RXB spzD1-RXD spzD1-RXH spzD1-RXR viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 spzGD570 Other Phenotypes Allele immune response defective spz4 spzunspecified immune response defective | adult stage spz4 immune response defective | conditional spz4 immune response defective | recessive spz20 locomotor rhythm defective spz2 neuroanatomy defective spz2 wild-type spz1.9 spz2.1 spzbcd.3'UTR spzp4-8.19 spzp4-11.7 spzp4-11.15 Phenotype manifest in Allele embryo | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4nos.UTR.T:Hsim\VP16 spzScer\UAS.P\T.T:Avic\GFP-m6 embryo | ventral spzunspecified embryonic/first instar larval cuticle spzN.bcd.3'UTR embryonic/first instar larval cuticle, with Df(3R)Bd/spz4 spzbcd.3'UTR embryonic/first instar larval cuticle, with Df(3R)Bd/spzbcd.3'UTR spz4 embryonic/first instar larval cuticle (with Df(3R)Bd), with spz4 spzbcd.3'UTR embryonic/first instar larval cuticle (with Df(3R)Bd), with spzbcd.3'UTR spz4 embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | dorsal | maternal effect spz3 spzD1 embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | lateral | maternal effect spz3 spz4 embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4otu.T:Hsim\VP16 spzScer\UAS.P\T.T:Ivir\HA1 embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | maternal effect | ventral spz3 spz4 spzD1-RPA19 spzD1-RPB10 spzD1-RPE17 spzD1-RPF17 spzD1-RPF7 spzD1-RPJ spzD1-RPN spzD1-RPQ spzD1-RPV spzD1-RXB spzD1-RXD spzD1-RXH spzD1-RXR embryonic/larval fat body, with Scer\GAL4Cg.PA spzact.Scer\UAS embryonic/larval fat body, with Scer\GAL4Hml.PG spzact.Scer\UAS embryonic/larval fat body, with Scer\GAL4Lsp2.PH spzact.Scer\UAS embryonic/larval hemocoel, with Scer\GAL4Cg.PA spzact.Scer\UAS embryonic/larval hemocoel, with Scer\GAL4Hml.PG spzact.Scer\UAS embryonic/larval hemocoel, with Scer\GAL4Lsp2.PH spzact.Scer\UAS embryonic/larval somatic muscle spz4 spzD1-RPQ ventral furrow | ectopic, with Df(3R)Bd/spz1.9 spz4 ventral furrow | ectopic, with Df(3R)Bd/spz4 spz1.9 ventral furrow | ectopic (with Df(3R)Bd), with spz1.9 spz4 ventral furrow | ectopic (with Df(3R)Bd), with spz4 spz1.9 ventral furrow | supernumerary, with Df(3R)Bd/spz1.9 spz4 ventral furrow | supernumerary, with Df(3R)Bd/spz4 spz1.9 ventral furrow | supernumerary (with Df(3R)Bd), with spz1.9 spz4 ventral furrow | supernumerary (with Df(3R)Bd), with spz4 spz1.9
Classical Alleles ( 31 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of spz Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion spz2 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 2 -- spz3 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 2 -- spz4 amorphic allele - genetic evidence, loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 1 -- spzd00069 P-element activity 1 -- spzf07163 piggyBac transposase 1 -- spzKG05402 P-element activity 1 -- spzMI02318 1 -- spz1 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- spz20 0 -- spz3R-39-28 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- spz3R-5-23 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- spz3R-8-6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- spz3R-90-18 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- spzD1-RPA19 loss of function allele PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- spzD1-RPB10 loss of function allele PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- spzD1-RPE17 loss of function allele PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes spzD1-RPF17 loss of function allele PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes spzD1-RPF7 loss of function allele PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes spzD1-RPJ loss of function allele PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- spzD1-RPN loss of function allele PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- spzD1-RPQ loss of function allele PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes spzD1-RPV loss of function allele PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- spzD1-RXB loss of function allele X ray 0 -- spzD1-RXD loss of function allele X ray 0 -- spzD1-RXH loss of function allele X ray 0 -- spzD1-RXR loss of function allele X ray 0 Yes spzD1 gain of function allele 0 -- spzMBT 0 -- spzMtnA.PC 0 Yes spzRPF7 0 -- spzunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 38 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of spz Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion spzGD570 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes spzHM05024 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes spzHMS01178 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes spzKK112908 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes spz1.8 in vitro construct 0 Yes spz1.9 in vitro construct 0 Yes spz2.1 in vitro construct 0 Yes spz2.2 in vitro construct 0 Yes spzact.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes spzactive.MtnA.T:SV5\V5,T:Zzzz\His6 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes spzbcd.3'UTR in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes spzC-106.MtnA in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes spzC-106 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes spzC-168 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes spzC-203 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes spzD1.bcd.3'UTR in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes spzMtnA.T:SV5\V5,T:Zzzz\His6 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes spzmut.MtnA.T:SV5\V5,T:Zzzz\His6 in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes spzN.bcd.3'UTR in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes spzN.Scer\UAS.P\T.T:SV5\V5 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes spzp4-11.15 in vitro construct 0 Yes spzp4-11.27 in vitro construct 0 Yes spzp4-11.32 in vitro construct 0 Yes spzp4-11.5 in vitro construct 0 Yes spzp4-11.6 in vitro construct 0 Yes spzp4-11.7 in vitro construct 0 Yes spzp4-8.19 in vitro construct 0 Yes spzp4-8.20 in vitro construct 0 Yes spzp4-8.23 in vitro construct 0 Yes spzp4-8.24 in vitro construct 0 Yes spzp4-8.29 in vitro construct 0 Yes spzScer\UAS.P\T.T:Avic\GFP-m6 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes spzScer\UAS.P\T.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes spzScer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes spzScer\UAS.T:SV5\V5 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes spzΔN.P\T.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-m6 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes spzΔN.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes spzΔN.Scer\UAS.T:SV5\V5 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3R)Bd (Morisato and Anderson, 1994) Df(3R)Tl-D (Morisato and Anderson, 1994) Df(3R)Tl-I (Morisato and Anderson, 1994) Df(3R)Tl-X (Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)
Not disrupted in	Df(3R)D605 (Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, Hecht and Anderson, 1993) Df(3R)R38.3 (Hecht and Anderson, 1993) Df(3R)ro80b (Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD570} NA P{KK112908} NA P{TRiP.HM05024} NA P{TRiP.HMS01178} NA P{UASp-spz.GFP} NA P{UASp-spz.HA} NA P{UASp-spz.N.V5} NA P{UASp-spz.ΔN.GFP} NA P{UAS-spz.act} NA P{UAS-spz.Myc} NA P{UAS-spz.V5} NA P{UAS-spz.ΔNMyc} NA P{UAS-spz.ΔNV5} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions Mi{MIC}spzMI02318 NA P{}spzD1-RPE17 NA P{}spzD1-RPF7 NA P{}spzD1-RPF17 NA P{SUPor-P}spzKG05402 NA PBac{WH}spzf07163 NA insertion of mobile activating element P{XP}spzd00069 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 24 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 18 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
growth factor activity inferred from mutant phenotype (Zhu et al., 2008) protein homodimerization activity inferred from direct assay (Hoffmann et al., 2008) Toll binding inferred from genetic interaction with Tl (Schneider et al., 1994) inferred from physical interaction with Tl (Gangloff et al., 2008)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
antifungal humoral response inferred from mutant phenotype (Lemaitre et al., 1996) defense response inferred from mutant phenotype (El Chamy et al., 2008) defense response to fungus inferred from mutant phenotype (Leulier et al., 2006) defense response to Gram-positive bacterium inferred from mutant phenotype (Leulier et al., 2006) dorsal/ventral axis specification inferred from genetic interaction with pip (Schneider et al., 1994) dorsal/ventral pattern formation inferred from direct assay (Hoffmann et al., 2008) innate immune response inferred from direct assay (Chien et al., 2006, Buchon et al., 2009) motor neuron axon guidance inferred from mutant phenotype (Zhu et al., 2008) oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification inferred from expression pattern (assigned by UniProtKB) (Morisato and Anderson, 1994) positive regulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process inferred from mutant phenotype (Manfruelli et al., 1999) positive regulation of protein complex assembly inferred from direct assay (Gangloff et al., 2008) regulation of Toll signaling pathway inferred from mutant phenotype (Weber et al., 2007) Toll signaling pathway inferred from direct assay (Weber et al., 2003)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
extracellular region inferred from direct assay (Schneider et al., 1994) inferred from direct assay (assigned by UniProtKB) (Morisato and Anderson, 1994) protein complex inferred from physical interaction with Tl (Gangloff et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 13 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
cytokine activity traceable author statement (Underhill, 2003) morphogen activity non-traceable author statement (Martinez Arias, 2003) Toll binding non-traceable author statement (van Eeden and St. Johnston, 1999, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1996.2.1, Beutler and Poltorak, 2001) traceable author statement (Lall and Patel, 2001, Underhill, 2003, Janssens and Beyaert, 2003, Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
defense response non-traceable author statement (Lemaitre, 2000.12.20) traceable author statement (Meister et al., 2000) defense response to Gram-positive bacterium traceable author statement (Brennan and Anderson, 2004) dorsal/ventral axis specification non-traceable author statement (Morisato, 1994.1.31, Lall and Patel, 2001, Martinez Arias, 2003) traceable author statement (Meister et al., 2000) embryonic axis specification non-traceable author statement (Martinez Arias, 2003) immune response traceable author statement (Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004) innate immune response non-traceable author statement (Beutler and Poltorak, 2001) maternal specification of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, germ-line encoded traceable author statement (Chasan et al., 1992) response to fungus traceable author statement (Medzhitov and Janeway, 2000) Toll signaling pathway non-traceable author statement (Lemaitre, 2000.12.20, van Eeden and St. Johnston, 1999, Beutler and Poltorak, 2001) non-traceable author statement (assigned by UniProtKB) (Morisato and Anderson, 1994) traceable author statement (Chasan et al., 1992, Kimbrell and Beutler, 2001, Lall and Patel, 2001, Stathopoulos and Levine, 2002, Janssens and Beyaert, 2003)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
extracellular region non-traceable author statement (Morisato, 1994.1.31) traceable author statement (Brennan and Anderson, 2004)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
spz - CG11504 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions spz allele Gene References spz4 cact (Wakabayashi-Ito et al., 2001) nec (Green et al., 2000) Rel (De Gregorio et al., 2002) spzD1 cic (Goff et al., 2001) spzD1-RPQ Spn27A (Hashimoto et al., 2003) spzMBT yeti (Riede, 1996) spzunspecified cact (Belvin et al., 1995) unspecified tld (Riede, 1996)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 68145 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003495 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 43256
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (50) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6MCXKP Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6XWG6S Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6QRG17 Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6QNKCB Metazoa inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6MCXKP)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\spz     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\spz Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM10138 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM13652     Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG12145 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\spz Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF22956 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA19380 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL23619 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK12039 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ24139 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI23281 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH18954 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6XWG6S)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL013435   Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL013434   Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL000499   Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\SPZ1C   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ014270   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ006792
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6QRG17)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB52103   Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB52631   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG003418   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG001680   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH18346   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP14125   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP17113   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO19917   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO22180   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL13302   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL21309   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH22669   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH24134   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB17705   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB26116   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV20190   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI001858   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI004362   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI52992   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI41073   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA002397   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM596260   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\spz   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC016006   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC001053   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\spz-like
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6QNKCB)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\ArgKin   Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\JGI_V11_98293   Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\JGI_V11_237176   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW022569   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW022732
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (None identified)
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Human Orthologs (0)
Gene OMIM HGNC
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\spz Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM10138 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG12145 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\spz Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF22956 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA19380 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL23619 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK12039 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ24139 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI23281 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH18954
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 13 )
Bloomington	3115 spz2 ca1/TM1 28538 y1 v1; P{TRiP.HM05024}attP2 34313 y1 w*; Mi{MIC}spzMI02318 34699 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.HMS01178}attP2 3287 ru1 st1 ea14 spz3 ca1/TM1 14442 y1 w67c23; ry506 P{SUPor-P}spzKG05402
Harvard	- P{XP}spzd00069 - PBac{WH}spzf07163
Kyoto	106855 spz2 ca1/TM1 106958 ru1 st1 ea14 spz3 ca1/TM1
VDRC	v105017 P{KK112908}VIE-260B v7571 w1118; P{GD570}v7571/TM3
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR05C10 BACR21O10 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 117 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	SD07354 SD20537
Other clones	FI05217
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GH16686 HL01462 LD02813 LD30843 RE53135 SD01604 SD01616 SD07246 SD07912 SD09293 SD12893 SD14507 SD17028 SD17232 SD20081 SD20524 SD22805 SD23194 SD26227 SD27608 SD28272
Other clones	83 20201 29174 47205 47772 61030 97083 101536 183445 473604 521797 523154 523254 523827 523973 524406 524528 524858 525637 528321 534051 542699 542731 557795 557961 562155 568974 569927 575666 CK01.82A.F6 CK01.105C.C6 Dmel_dig_007478_0706_1786 Dmel_neb_014597_0875_1126 EK088243 EK105241 EK137161 EK173031 EK175449 EK175724 EK185748 EK219620 EK227937 EK288548 EN00332 EN01047 EN03523 EN03719 EN04249 EN04509 EN04531 EN05333 EN05544 EN06045 EN06842 EN09447 EN10518 EN11136 EN11214 EN12422 EN12729 EN13825 EN14260 EN15401 EN15915 EN17627 RP004074771 RP004107097 RP004130216 RP004140310 RP004158980 RP004219435 RP004225774 RP004226184 RP004229557 RP004230179 RP004234641 RP004239179 RP004239688 RP004244219 RP004251713 RP004257118 RP004257570 RP004260600 RP004264917 RP004338707 RP004402330 RP004443044 RP004500861 RP004518529 RP004530954 RP004537154 RP004538363 RP004555054
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003495 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 43256
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments	A dorsalising activity for the heterologous ea, spz and Tl proteins in UV-ventralised Xenopus embryos is demonstrated: spz rescues axis structures in UV-ventralised Xenopus embryos. The activity is inhibited by co-injection of a dominant cact variant. (Armstrong et al., 1998)
Other Comments
	Gene expression is increased in response to the presence of two copies of Scer\GAL4hs.PB. (Liu and Lehmann, 2008) NT1 amd spz are expressed in the embryonic lateral muscles in a complementary pattern, suggesting that they may aid targeting by different axonal projections and promote the survival of distinct subsets of neurons. (Zhu et al., 2008) The mature, processed, form of the spz gene product binds to the Tl ectodomain with high affinity and with a stoichiometry of one spz dimer to two Tl receptors. The spz pro-domain sequence acts to prevent interaction of the spz cytokine and its receptor Tl. (Weber et al., 2003) A linear activation cascade spz-Tl-cact-dl/Dif leads to the induction of the Drs gene in larval fat body cells. (Manfruelli et al., 1999) ea can directly cleave spz at a unique position, the spz carboxy-terminal fragment generated has the biological and biochemical properties of the polarising activity of spz, it exists as a disulfide-linked dimer and appears to share structural similarities with the nerve growth factor and the neurotrophin family of growth factor ligands. (DeLotto and DeLotto, 1998) spz is required for muscle development in the embryo. (Halfon and Keshishian, 1998) The embryonic regulatory pathway, comprising the gene products between spz and cact (Tl, tub and pll) but not the genes acting upstream or downstream (ea and dl), is involved in the induction of the Drs gene in adults. Mutations that affect the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides dramatically lower the resistance of flies to infection. (Lemaitre et al., 1996) Does not belong to the proliferative class of genes involved in Malignant Brain Tumor (MBT) syndrome. (Riede, 1996) Mutations in spz, tld and yeti cooperatively induce brain tumor formation in the Malignant Brain Tumor strain. (Riede, 1996) The secreted spz product must be activated by proteolytic cleavage, and localized proteolytic processing of the spz protein determines where the receptor, Tl, is active. (Morisato and Anderson, 1994) The spz product acts immediately upstream of Tl in dorso-ventral pattern formation in the embryo, and may encode the ligand that activates Tl. (Morisato and Anderson, 1994) spz is the soluble extracellular factor (polarising activity) that induces ventral structures when injected into the extracellular space of embryos.Proteolytic processing of spz product generates a polarised form of spz which defines embryonic dorsal ventral polarity by activation of Tl on the ventral side of the embryo. (Schneider et al., 1994) Double mutant combinations of spz with ea alleles demonstrate that spatial regulation of ea activity by localized zymogen activation is a key initial event in defining the polarity of the dorsal-ventral embryonic pattern. (Chasan et al., 1992) Pole-cell-transplantation studies indicate that spz acts in germ line and not soma of mother. (Seifert et al., 1987)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_079802 NM_170309 NM_170312 NM_170313 NM_170315 NM_170316 NM_001104472 NM_001144644 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_524526 NP_733188 NP_733191 NP_733192 NP_733194 NP_733195 NP_001097942 NP_001138116 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAA17887 AAF56658 AAF82745 AAF98123 AAF98124 AAF98125 AAF98126 AAF98127 AAF98128 AAF98129 AAF98130 AAF98131 AAF98132 AAL25517 AAN14387 AAN14388 AAN14389 AAN14390 AAN14391 AAN14392 AAN14393 AAN14394 AAN14395 AAN71687 AAQ64939 AAQ64940 AAQ64941 AAQ64942 AAQ64943 AAQ64944 AAQ64945 AAQ64946 AAQ64947 AAQ64948 ABM21577 ABW08781 ACL83572 AF237964 AF237965 AF237966 AF237967 AF237968 AF237969 AF237970 AF237971 AF237972 AF237973 AF237974 AI534492 AW944498 AY060478 AY349656 AY349657 AY349658 AY349659 AY349660 AY349661 AY349662 AY349663 AY349664 AY349665 BH854557 BI638287 BT001898 CZ471362 CZ489954 CZ489955 EF155533 U05850 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 43256 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P48607 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • A1Z0H7 Q6V6V8 Q6V6V9 Q8IG88 Q8IMP7 Q8IMP8 Q8IMP9 Q8IMQ0 Q8IMQ1
Other Crossreferences
	BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • SD07354
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 68145 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003495 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003495 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003495 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG6134-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0003495 FlyReactome - A curated knowledgebase of Drosophila melanogaster pathways • 102173 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 43256 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /torstoll/spatzle.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 43256 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0003495
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 14 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG6134 (De Gregorio et al., 2002, De Gregorio et al., 2001, Wang and Zhu, 2009, Parker et al., 2001, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Buendia et al., 2012) CT19282 (Parker et al., 2001) mel(3)7   spz (Kambris et al., 2006, Zhou et al., 2005, Castillejo-Lopez and Haecker, 2005, Scherfer et al., 2006, Chien et al., 2006, Ryu et al., 2006, Chen et al., 2006, Mulinari et al., 2006, Kambris et al., 2006, Fullaondo et al., 2011, Tang et al., 2006, Senger et al., 2006, Brun et al., 2006, Chen et al., 2010, Rutschmann et al., 2000, Hueber et al., 2007, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, Taylor and Kimbrell, 2007, Liu and Lehmann, 2008, Akhouayri et al., 2011, Zhao et al., 2011, Matskevich et al., 2010, Hill-Burns and Clark, 2010, Bou Aoun et al., 2011, Zaidman-Remy et al., 2006, Tang et al., 2008, Hallem et al., 2007, Kwon et al., 2008, Tan et al., 2008, Bidla et al., 2007, Wu et al., 2007, Buchon et al., 2009, DeLotto, 2001, Leulier et al., 2003, Charroux and Royet, 2009, Seugnet et al., 2009, Leclerc et al., 2006, Stramer et al., 2008, Linder et al., 2008, Buchon et al., 2009, Ahmad et al., 2009, Hoffmann et al., 2008, Bushati et al., 2008, Zhu et al., 2008, Shia et al., 2009, Geuking et al., 2009, Ligoxygakis et al., 2002, Tauszig-Delamasure et al., 2002, Leulier et al., 2003, El Chamy et al., 2008, Becker et al., 2010, Huang et al., 2010, Xi et al., 2008, Vonkavaara et al., 2008, Cho et al., 2010, Paddibhatla et al., 2010, Narbonne-Reveau et al., 2011, Zaidman-Rémy et al., 2011, Gordon et al., 2008, Glittenberg et al., 2011, Glittenberg et al., 2011, Ratnaparkhi et al., 2008, Jin et al., 2008, Marcu et al., 2011, Nam et al., 2012, Buendia et al., 2012, Cho et al., 2012, Haskel-Ittah et al., 2012, Lemaitre et al., 2012) Spz (Chen, 2006, Parker and Weber, 2006.12.3, Waterhouse et al., 2007, Gangloff et al., 2008, Parker et al., 2001, Buchon et al., 2009, Ahmad et al., 2009, Obbard et al., 2009, Bischoff et al., 2004, Valanne et al., 2010, Hoffmann et al., 2008, Reichhart et al., 2011) SPZ (Kuranaga and Miura, 2007, Cronin et al., 2009) Spz1 (Wang and Zhu, 2009)
Name Synonym	Protein spaetzle precursor (Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008) Spaetzle (Weber and Vincenz, 2001, Manning et al., 2002, Shia and Ligoxygakis, 2006, Chien et al., 2006, Akira et al., 2006, El Chamy et al., 2007, Jang et al., 2006, Christophides et al., 2002, Ahmad et al., 2009, Bischoff et al., 2004, Huang et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2011, Buendia et al., 2012) spaetzle (Irving et al., 2001, Lemaitre, 2000.12.20, Ulevitch, 1999, De Gregorio et al., 2002, Castillejo-Lopez and Haecker, 2005, Scherfer et al., 2006, Brun et al., 2006, Taylor and Kimbrell, 2007, Leclerc et al., 2006, Ahmad et al., 2009, Becker et al., 2010, Ratnaparkhi et al., 2008) Spatzle (Gangloff and Gay, 2004, Mulinari et al., 2006, Senger et al., 2006, Kleino et al., 2008, Weber et al., 2007, Tanji et al., 2007, Akhouayri et al., 2011, Griffin et al., 2011, Wang and Zhu, 2009, Tang et al., 2008, Parker et al., 2001, Roxstrom-Lindquist et al., 2004, Buchon et al., 2009, Zhu et al., 2008, Xi et al., 2008, El Chamy et al., 2008, Arnot et al., 2010, Valanne et al., 2010, Stein et al., 2010, Hoffmann et al., 2008, Vanha-Aho et al., 2012, Haskel-Ittah et al., 2012) spatzle (Tsuzuki et al., 2012, Brennan et al., 2007, Leulier et al., 2006, Defaye et al., 2009, Zhou et al., 2008, Leulier et al., 2003, Stramer et al., 2008, Shia et al., 2009, Beckstead et al., 2005, Becker et al., 2010, Cho et al., 2010, Zsindely et al., 2009, Zaidman-Rémy et al., 2011, Gordon et al., 2008, Kaplow et al., 2007, Marcu et al., 2011, Lemaitre et al., 2012) spazle (Matskevich et al., 2010) spaztle (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 332 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 332 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 180 ) Supplementary material  ( 8 ) Review  ( 100 ) Erratum  ( 1 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 11 ) Abstract  ( 17 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 2 ) Book  ( 1 ) Stock list  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Conference report  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 ) Book review  ( 1 ) Letter  ( 1 ) Poem  ( 1 ) Biography  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 21 )
	Pitsouli and Perrimon, 2013, Sci. Signal. 6(263): ra12 The homeobox transcription factor cut coordinates patterning and growth during Drosophila airway remodeling. [FBrf0220848] Buendia et al., 2012, BMC Genomics 13 Suppl 2: S1 Identification of conserved splicing motifs in mutually exclusive exons of 15 insect species. [FBrf0218188] Cho et al., 2012, Curr. Biol. 22(11): 1013--1018 A ventrally localized protease in the Drosophila egg controls embryo dorsoventral polarity. [FBrf0218583] Gilchrist et al., 2012, Genes Dev. 26(9): 933--944 Regulating the regulators: the pervasive effects of Pol II pausing on stimulus-responsive gene networks. [FBrf0218258] Haskel-Ittah et al., 2012, Cell 150(5): 1016--1028 Self-organized shuttling: generating sharp dorsoventral polarity in the early Drosophila embryo. [FBrf0219335] Lemaitre et al., 2012, J. Immunol. 188(11): 5210--5220 Pillars Article: The Dorsoventral Regulatory Gene Cassette spatzle/Toll/cactus Controls the Potent Antifungal Response in Drosophila Adults. Cell. 1996. 86: 973-983. [FBrf0218343] Nam et al., 2012, EMBO J. 31(5): 1253--1265 Genetic evidence of a redox-dependent systemic wound response via Hayan Protease-Phenoloxidase system in Drosophila. [FBrf0217593] Tsuzuki et al., 2012, Sci. Rep. 2: 210 Drosophila growth-blocking peptide-like factor mediates acute immune reactions during infectious and non-infectious stress. [FBrf0217467] Vanha-Aho et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(5): e37153 Functional Characterization of the Infection-Inducible Peptide Edin in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0218357] Akhouayri et al., 2011, PLoS Pathog. 7(10): e1002319 Toll-8/tollo negatively regulates antimicrobial response in the Drosophila respiratory epithelium. [FBrf0216452] Bou Aoun et al., 2011, J. Innate Immun. 3(1): 52--64 Analysis of thioester-containing proteins during the innate immune response of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0212631] Fullaondo et al., 2011, Mol. Cell. Biol. 31(14): 2960--2972 Spn1 Regulates the GNBP3-Dependent Toll Signaling Pathway in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0214037] Glittenberg et al., 2011, Dis. Model Mech. 4(4): 515--525 Pathogen and host factors are needed to provoke a systemic host response to gastrointestinal infection of Drosophila larvae by Candida albicans. [FBrf0214008] Glittenberg et al., 2011, Dis. Model Mech. 4(4): 504--514 Wild-type Drosophila melanogaster as an alternative model system for investigating the pathogenicity of Candida albicans. [FBrf0214028] Griffin et al., 2011, Eur. J. Immunol. 41(3): 798--812 A poxviral homolog of the Pellino protein inhibits Toll and Toll-like receptor signalling. [FBrf0214415] Herren and Lemaitre, 2011, Cell. Microbiol. 13(9): 1385--1396 Spiroplasma and host immunity: activation of humoral immune responses increases endosymbiont load and susceptibility to certain Gram-negative bacterial pathogens in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0214693] Marcu et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(1): e15361 Innate Immune Responses of Drosophila melanogaster Are Altered by Spaceflight. [FBrf0212851] Narbonne-Reveau et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(2): e17470 Lack of an antibacterial response defect in Drosophila toll-9 mutant. [FBrf0213211] Wang et al., 2011, Infect. Immun. 79(2): 606--616 Host and Pathogen Glycosaminoglycan-Binding Proteins Modulate Antimicrobial Peptide Responses in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0212806] Zaidman-Rémy et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(2): e17231 Drosophila Immunity: Analysis of PGRP-SB1 Expression, Enzymatic Activity and Function. [FBrf0213192] Zhao et al., 2011, J. Biol. Chem. 286(8): 6211--6218 Antimicrobial Peptides Increase Tolerance to Oxidant Stress in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0213053] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews ( 1 )
	Reichhart et al., 2011, Methods Enzymol. 499: 205--225 The Drosophila serpins multiple functions in immunity and morphogenesis. [FBrf0213937] Show all reviews ...