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Gene Dmel\Ste

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Ste	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Stellate	Annotation symbol
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0003523
Gene Model Status	Not Applicable	Stock availability	5 publicly available
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)		Recombination map	1-45.7
Cytogenetic map	12E1-12E2	Sequence location
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Stellate is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Ste (FBgn0003523). This gene record represents a gene family, individual members of the family are: CG33236, CG33237, CG33238, CG33239, CG33240, CG33241, CG33242, CG33243, CG33244, CG33245, CG33246, CG33247. Based on sequence similarity, it is predicted to have molecular function: protein kinase regulator activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: spermatogenesis. 12 alleles are reported. The phenotype of these alleles is annotated with: spermatocyte. It has no annotated transcripts. Protein features are: Casein kinase II, regulatory subunit; Casein kinase II, regulatory subunit, alpha-helical; Casein kinase II, regulatory subunit, beta-sheet. Gene has not been localized to the genome sequence.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	Ste: Stellate This locus is responsible for the appearance of crystals in the nuclei and cytoplasm of primary spermatocytes of XO males. Enzymatic treatments indicate that these crystals are proteinaceous in nature (Meyer et al.). The suppression of crystal formation by the Y chromosome is attributable to a sequence designated Su(Ste).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2013_03	Transgenic Constructs P{Ste-lacZ.134.E123M}
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 12E1-12E2   Left limit from inclusion within Df(1)R12.1 (FBrf0079138) Right limit from in situ hybridisation (FBrf0079138)
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 12E1-12E2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Palumbo et al., 1994) 12D1-12F2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Heino, 1994)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	1-45.7 (Hardy et al., 1984, )
Left of (cM)	na (Hardy et al., 1984)
Right of (cM)	g (Hardy et al., 1984)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa)
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Casein kinase II, regulatory subunit, beta-sheet (IPR016150) Casein kinase II, regulatory subunit (IPR000704) Casein kinase II, regulatory subunit, alpha-helical (IPR016149)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AY118877 AAM50737   BI355674   X15899 CAA33906
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	Q7KV12
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q8MSE1
Mapped Features
Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage | male   polar primary spermatocyte   • nucleus (Aravin et al., 2004) mature primary spermatocyte   • nucleus | punctate (Aravin et al., 2004)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Ste transcript is detected in the nuclei of early and mature primary spermatocytes. In early spermatocytes, Ste transcript has a diffuse nuclear localization, while in mature spermatocytes, transcript is observed in one or two bright discrete dots. The antisense probe does not distinguish between Ste and Su(Ste) transcripts. (Aravin et al., 2004)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasm inferred from direct assay (Bozzetti et al., 1995) nucleus inferred from direct assay (Bozzetti et al., 1995)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
Expression Clusters
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003523
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable SteR301.2 Sterility Allele fertile SteR301.2 Phenotype manifest in Allele spermatocyte Ste1
Classical Alleles ( 5 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Ste Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Ste1 3 -- Stef08020c 1 -- SteR301.2 P-element activity 1 Yes Steunspecified 0 -- SteW12 natural population 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Ste Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion SteALS.T:Scer\ilv2 in vitro construct 0 Yes StedsRNA.cAa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes Stehs.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes Stemut.134.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct 0 Yes SteβTub85D.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Duplicated in	Dp(1;f)LJ9 (Hardy et al., 1984, Palumbo et al., 1994)
Disrupted in	Df(1)R12.1 (Palumbo et al., 1994)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data reporter construct P{Ste-lacZ.134.E123M} No P{Ste-lacZ.134} No P{Ste-lacZ.225} No P{Ste-lacZ.mut.134} No P{βTub85D-Ste.lacZ} No characterization construct P{(Ste-ALS,ry+)} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions P{ry1}SteR301.2 NA PBac{WH}Stef08020c NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 5 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
spermatogenesis inferred from genetic interaction with Su(Ste) (Palumbo et al., 1994)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasm inferred from direct assay (Bozzetti et al., 1995) nucleus inferred from direct assay (Bozzetti et al., 1995)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 3 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
protein kinase regulator activity inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000704, InterPro:IPR016149, InterPro:IPR016150 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Livak, 1990)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
spermatogenesis traceable author statement (Livak, 1990)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
protein kinase CK2 complex inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000704, InterPro:IPR016149, InterPro:IPR016150 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	gene_array   nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Ste allele Gene References Steunspecified aub (Tritto et al., 2003) unspecified sirio (Tritto et al., 2003)
External Data
Linkouts	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003523
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (0) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Dipteran inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Insect inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Arthropod inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Metazoa inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (None identified)
No orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (None identified)
No non-Drosophilid orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (None identified)
No non-Dipteran orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (None identified)
No non-Insect Arthropod orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (None identified)
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Human Orthologs (0)
Gene OMIM HGNC
AAA Orthologs (0) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
No orthologs identified
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 5 )
Bloomington	10319 P{ry1}SteR301.2; ry42 3707 y1 wa Ste1/Dp(1;Y)BSYy+ 2922 T(1;Y)E1, y1 wa Ste1: y+ BS/C(1)*, y1 wa
Harvard	- PBac{WH}Stef08020c
Kyoto	107186 y1 wa Ste1/Dp(1;Y)BSYy+
Genomic Clones ( 0 )
cDNA Clones ( 0 )
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: Ste BcDNA:GM31840 (FlyBase, 1996-)
Component gene(s)	Ste:CG33236   Ste:CG33237   Ste:CG33238   Ste:CG33239   Ste:CG33240   Ste:CG33241   Ste:CG33242   Ste:CG33243   Ste:CG33244   Ste:CG33245   Ste:CG33246   Ste:CG33247
Additional comments	Annotation CG32605 split into 12 annotations, each representing a member of the Ste cluster, in release 3.2 of the genome annotation. The 12 annotations are: Ste:CG33236, Ste:CG33237, Ste:CG33238, Ste:CG33239, Ste:CG33240, Ste:CG33241, Ste:CG33242, Ste:CG33243, Ste:CG33244, Ste:CG33245, Ste:CG33246 and Ste:CG33247. (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2004)
Other Comments
	Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is present throughout the fly's life cycle. The eccDNA population contains circular multimers of tandemly repeated genes, including Ste. (Cohen et al., 2003) "Stellate-like" sequences (Ste, Su(Ste), SteXh and Ste12DOR) contain a common region of sequence, defined as the "Stellate-specific central core". Specific regions at either the 5' or 3' end of this core sequence distinguish different Stellate-like sequences from each other. Euchromatic Ste sequences all contain at their 5' end a region corresponding to the 3' end of the ben gene. (Tritto et al., 2003) Ste-/Su(Ste)- males have exactly the same meiotic drive phenotype as Ste+/Su(Ste)- males. (Belloni et al., 2002) The high extent of homology between Ste and Su(Ste) repeats suggested a possibility of Ste suppression by antisense transcription of Su(Ste) elements: however the detection of only "sense" Su(Ste) cDNAs in testis cDNA library argues against this proposal. (Kalmykova et al., 1998) One of a class of genes with TATA-less promoters that have a subset of the conserved DPE sequence. (Burke and Kadonaga, 1996) The relationship of Ste copy number and organisation to meiotic behaviour in Su(Ste)- males has been examined genetically and cytologically. Heterochromatic and euchromatic Ste repeats are functional, the abnormalities in chromosome condensation and frequency of nondisjunction is related to the Ste copy number. Meiosis is disrupted after synapsis and Su(Ste) induced meiotic drive is probably not mediated by Ste. (Palumbo et al., 1994) The Ste locus contains two major size classes of a tandemly repeated gene. Analysis using segmental Y deficiencies shows that Su(Ste) represses both the high levels and efficient splicing of Ste RNA. (Livak, 1990) "1-45.7" was stated as revision. (Hardy et al., 1984) This locus is responsible for the appearance of crystals in the nuclei and cytoplasm of primary spermatocytes of X0 males. Enzymatic treatments indicate that these crystals are proteinaceous in nature (Meyer, Hess and Beermann, 1961). The suppression of crystal formation by the Y chromosome is attributable to a sequence designated Su(Ste).
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAM50737 AY118877 BI355674 CAA33906 X15899 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • Q7KV12 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q8MSE1
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Casein kinase II, regulatory subunit, beta-sheet (IPR016150) Casein kinase II, regulatory subunit (IPR000704) Casein kinase II, regulatory subunit, alpha-helical (IPR016149)
Linkouts
	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003523 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003523
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 11 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	BcDNA:GM31840   CG32605 (Bianchi-Frias et al., 2004) eSte (Rasheva et al., 1997) euSte (Usakin et al., 2005) ste (Heino, 1994, Patil and Kai, 2010) Ste (Talbert and Henikoff, 2006, Gvozdev et al., 2005, Cohen et al., 2005, FlyBase Curators, 2008, Usakin et al., 2005, Egorova et al., 2009, Kotelnikov et al., 2009, Pane et al., 2007, Anand and Kai, 2012, Aoyagi and Wassarman, 2001, Specchia et al., 2010, Patil and Kai, 2010, Olenkina et al., 2012) Ste eu (Tritto et al., 2003)
Name Synonym	euchromatic Ste (Usakin et al., 2005) euchromatic Stellate (Usakin et al., 2005) Stellate (Zhang et al., 2011, Grewal and Elgin, 2007, Olenkina et al., 2007, Pane et al., 2007, Klattenhoff et al., 2007, Zaratiegui, 2007, Gvozdev et al., 2005, Pane et al., 2007, Egorova et al., 2008, Specchia and Bozzetti, 2009, Kotelnikov et al., 2009, Pane et al., 2007, Anand and Kai, 2012, Li et al., 2009, Nishida et al., 2007, Specchia et al., 2010, Aravin et al., 2004, Handler et al., 2011, Olenkina et al., 2012) stellate (Klattenhoff et al., 2007, Prasanth and Spector, 2007, Patil and Kai, 2010, Nagao et al., 2010)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0063181
References ( 133 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 133 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 62 ) Review  ( 22 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 5 ) Abstract  ( 35 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 4 ) Letter  ( 3 ) Book  ( 1 ) Thesis  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 8 )
	Kibanov et al., 2013, Anal. Biochem. 436(1): 55--64 Multicolor fluorescence imaging of whole-mount Drosophila testes for studying spermatogenesis. [FBrf0221049] Anand and Kai, 2012, EMBO J. 31(4): 870--882 The tudor domain protein Kumo is required to assemble the nuage and to generate germline piRNAs in Drosophila. [FBrf0217541] Kogan et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(5): e37738 Expansion and evolution of the X-linked testis specific multigene families in the melanogaster species subgroup. [FBrf0219650] Olenkina et al., 2012, Gene 499(1): 143--153 Promoter contribution to the testis-specific expression of Stellate gene family in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0218043] Olenkina et al., 2012, Biokhimiya 77(11): 1285--1293 Mapping of cis-Regulatory Sites in the Promoter of Testis-Specific Stellate Genes of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0220225] Handler et al., 2011, EMBO J. 30(19): 3977--3993 A systematic analysis of Drosophila TUDOR domain-containing proteins identifies Vreteno and the Tdrd12 family as essential primary piRNA pathway factors. [FBrf0216344] Kibanov et al., 2011, Mol. Biol. Cell 22(18): 3410--3419 A novel organelle, the piNG-body, in the nuage of Drosophila male germ cells is associated with piRNA-mediated gene silencing. [FBrf0215572] Zhang et al., 2011, Mol. Cell 44(4): 572--584 Heterotypic piRNA Ping-Pong Requires Qin, a Protein with Both E3 Ligase and Tudor Domains. [FBrf0216809] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...