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Gene Dmel\tra2

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\tra2	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	transformer 2	Annotation symbol	CG10128
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0003742
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	14 publicly available
Also Known As	tra-2
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2R	Recombination map	2-70
Cytogenetic map	51B6-51B6	Sequence location	2R:10,489,509..10,491,857 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene transformer 2 is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\tra2 (CG10128, FBgn0003742). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Based on sequence similarity, it is predicted to have molecular function: mRNA binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: female sex determination; mRNA processing; regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome; reproduction; regulation of alternative nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome. 68 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system subdivision; organ system; adult segment; larval abdominal segment 8; larval abdominal segment; spermatozoon; primordium; imaginal precursor; female genitalia; germline cell; abdominal segment 7; metatarsus; gamete. It has 7 annotated transcripts and 7 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Nucleotide-binding, alpha-beta plait; RNA recognition motif domain. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 hour embryonic stages, during early pupal stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Nearly all larval and adult tissues/organs expressed at moderate levels. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval hindgut, larval Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male reproductive system, larval carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1639205_s_at completely aligns to an exonic region common to each of the 7 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of tra2. Gene sequence location is 2R:10489509..10491857.
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	tra2: transformer 2 One role of tra2+ (like tra+) is to regulate sex determination by directing dsx+ in such a way that female primodia are expressed and male primodia repressed in chromosomal females. In addition, tra2+ serves as a regulator of spermiogenesis and copulation; as a result, functional sperm are produced by chromosomal males and transmitted to the females. Null or amorphic tra2 mutations, however, transform chromosomal females into flies that are phenotypically male in regard to external cuticular morphology, pigment pattern, internal genital ducts, and mating behavior. Their gonads are much reduced and lack sperm and they are not affected by mle (Fujihara et al., 1978). tra2 mutations in chromosomal males produce normal looking adult males showing normal sexual behavior, but the sperm are amotile (Watanabe, 1975; Belote and Baker, 1981). Some tra2 mutants are temperature-sensitive; homozygotes become phenotypic males when reared at 29, but phenotypic females when reared at 16 (Belote and Baker, 1983). When X/X;tra2ts2 homozygotes are shifted to the female-specifying temperature during or before the third instar, no development of the male accessory glands occurs (Chapman and Wolfner, 1988, Dev. Biol. 126: 195-202). In X/X;tra2ts2 homozygotes reared throughout development at the permissive temperature of 16, yolk polypeptide synthesis occurs as in X/X;tra2ts2/+ controls; in X/X;tra2ts2 homozygotes raised and kept at 29, however, no synthesis of yolk polypeptides can be detected (Belote et al., 1985). Temperature shift experiments with this temperature-sensitive allele show that tra2+ function must be present in the adult for the initiation and maintenance of yolk polypeptide synthesis. This control over YP on the part of tra2+ was shown to be at the level of transcription (Kraus, Lee, Lis, and Wolfner, 1988, Mol. Cell Biol. 8: 4756-64). tra2ts homozygous females do not always maintain male courtship behavior at 29, but transformed females hemizygous for tra2 [tra2ts1/Df(2R)trix] court in a reliably male fashion (Belote and Baker, 1987). Temperature-shift experiments indicate that the TSP for induction of male courtship starts in the last half of the pupal period and ends before the end of pupation.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2012_01	References Lowery et al., 2010, Genetics 185(4): 1311--1325 Sequence features BKN28747 HFA07708 BKN29016
FB2011_10
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 51B6-51B6   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}ttvk03617&P{EP}ttvEP765 and P{lacW}Rpn6k00103
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 51B4-51B6   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Mattox et al., 1990) 51B4-51B6   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Goralski et al., 1989) 51B-51B   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Amrein et al., 1988)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	2-70 (Watanabe, 1975)
Left of (cM)	L (Watanabe, 1975)
Right of (cM)	Bl (Watanabe, 1975)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\tra2 for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) tra2-RA FBtr0089617  NM_057416   1391   264 tra2-RB FBtr0089618  NM_057415   1420   136 tra2-RC FBtr0089619  NM_057417   1583   226 tra2-RD FBtr0089615  NM_134280   1228   226 tra2-RE FBtr0089616  NM_057418   1460   179 tra2-RF FBtr0089620  NM_206113   1396   264 tra2-RG FBtr0089621  NM_206112   1406   264
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	1.7 (northern blot); 1.427 (longest cDNA) (Mattox et al., 1990) 1.7 (northern blot) (Goralski et al., 1989)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein tra2-PA   FBpp0088562   31.0   264   11.85     NP_476764   AAF58232 tra2-PB   FBpp0088563   15.6   136   11.76     NP_476763   AAM68560 tra2-PC   FBpp0088564   26.9   226   11.84     NP_476765   AAM68557 tra2-PD   FBpp0088560   26.9   226   11.84     NP_599107   AAM68558 tra2-PE   FBpp0088561   21.3   179   11.63     NP_476766   AAM68559 tra2-PF   FBpp0088947   31.0   264   11.85     NP_995835   AAS64910 tra2-PG   FBpp0088946   31.0   264   11.85     NP_995834   AAS64911
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	264, 226, 179, 136 (aa) (Mattox et al., 1990) 256 (aa); 30 (kD) (Goralski et al., 1989)
Comments	The RNA binding domain, or ribonucleoprotein consensus sequence (RNP-CS) of tra2 protein is required for known tra2 functions. Mutations in this domain (amino acids 91-169, with numbering based on the 264 amino acid tra2 protein) affect male fertility, control of alternate splicing in transgenic flies, and in vitro binding of the protein to dsx and tra2 mRNAs. The tra2 protein also contains two arginine-serine (RS) rich domains, RS1 and RS2. Although RS1 is dispensable, RS2 is essential. In vitro, a region of RS2 is required for RNA binding. RS2 is also required for specific protein-protein interactions. tra2 protein interacts with itself, with tra protein, and the general splicing factor SF2 in vitro and in a yeast 2-hybrid system. (Amrein et al., 1994) tra and tra2 proteins as well as a set of SR proteins isolated from HeLa cells were shown to be necessary for the formation of a complex which commits the dsx pre-mRNA to the female-specific splicing pathway. The factors bind to a regulatory element located downstream of the 3' female-specific splice site. (Inoue et al., 1992) Transcripts encoding the type C protein are male specific. (Mattox et al., 1990)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • RNA recognition motif domain (IPR000504) Nucleotide-binding, alpha-beta plait (IPR012677)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE013599 AAF58232   AE013599 AAM68557   AE013599 AAM68558   AE013599 AAM68559   AE013599 AAM68560   AE013599 AAS64910   AE013599 AAS64911   AC008306   AI532731   AW944357   AX093890   AY058768 AAL13997   BH901023   BI373206   BI373244   BI568071   BP553916   CO291090   CO312551   CO317269   CO319015   CO321334   CO327100   CO329358   CO336180   CZ477063   EC070597   EC089516   EC204825   EC211853   EC213799   EC233095   EC239001   EC244939   EC251908   EC265972   EL872816   GH941680   GH956633   GH957775   GH968386   GH975551   GH978199   J03155 AAA62771   M23633 AAA28953   M30939 AAA28954   M30939 AAA28955   M30939 AAA28956   M30939 AAA28957   M76381 AAA69686   X57484 CAA40722
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P19018
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
expression microarray Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage   mushroom body   (Kobayashi et al., 2006) in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage   mushroom body   (Kobayashi et al., 2006) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage | male     (Mattox et al., 1990) testis   (Mattox et al., 1990) RNase protection, primer extension, SI map Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage | male     (Mattox et al., 1990) adult stage | female     (Mattox et al., 1990) germline cell   (Mattox et al., 1990)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Type C transcripts are male-specific. (Mattox et al., 1990) Type A and Type B transcripts are expressed in both sexes. Type A mRNAs are predominant in somatic tissues, whereas Type B transcripts are more prominent in the female germ line. (Mattox et al., 1990) tra2 transcripts are expressed throughout development and are present in both males and females in the germline and the soma. (Goralski et al., 1989) Type A and Type B transcripts are expressed in both sexes. Type A mRNAs are predominant in somatic tissues, whereas Type B transcripts are more prominent in the female germ line. (Mattox et al., 1990)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0003742    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0003742 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 hour embryonic stages, during early pupal stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0003742 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2185 embryo 02-04hr    1048 embryo 04-06hr    1450 embryo 06-08hr    2094 embryo 08-10hr    1860 embryo 10-12hr    1396 embryo 12-14hr    1106 embryo 14-16hr    597 embryo 16-18hr    541 embryo 18-20hr    525 embryo 20-22hr    622 embryo 22-24hr    629 larva L1    628 larva L2    538 larva L3 12hr old    652 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    732 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1006 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1211 white prepupae new    1101 white prepupae 12hr    1370 white prepupae 24hr    1669 pupae 2d postWPP    1172 pupae 3d postWPP    700 pupae 4d postWPP    440 adult male 01day    830 adult male 05day    1307 adult male 30day    885 adult female 01day    785 adult female 05day    1322 adult female 30day    1359 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (2185) embryo 02-04hr  (1048) embryo 04-06hr  (1450) embryo 06-08hr  (2094) embryo 08-10hr  (1860) embryo 10-12hr  (1396) embryo 12-14hr  (1106) embryo 14-16hr  (597) embryo 16-18hr  (541) embryo 18-20hr  (525) embryo 20-22hr  (622) embryo 22-24hr  (629) larva L1  (628) larva L2  (538) larva L3 12hr old  (652) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (732) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1006) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (1211) white prepupae new  (1101) white prepupae 12hr  (1370) white prepupae 24hr  (1669) pupae 2d postWPP  (1172) pupae 3d postWPP  (700) pupae 4d postWPP  (440) adult male 01day  (830) adult male 05day  (1307) adult male 30day  (885) adult female 01day  (785) adult female 05day  (1322) adult female 30day  (1359) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (2185) embryo 02-04hr    1048 embryo 04-06hr  1450 embryo 06-08hr  (2094) embryo 08-10hr  (1860) embryo 10-12hr    1396 embryo 12-14hr    1106 embryo 14-16hr    597 embryo 16-18hr    541 embryo 18-20hr    525 embryo 20-22hr    622 embryo 22-24hr    629 larva L1    628 larva L2    538 larva L3 12hr old    652 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    732 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1006 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1211 white prepupae new    1101 white prepupae 12hr    1370 white prepupae 24hr  (1669) pupae 2d postWPP    1172 pupae 3d postWPP    700 pupae 4d postWPP    440 adult male 01day    830 adult male 05day    1307 adult male 30day    885 adult female 01day    785 adult female 05day    1322 adult female 30day    1359 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2185 embryo 02-04hr    1048 embryo 04-06hr    1450 embryo 06-08hr    2094 embryo 08-10hr    1860 embryo 10-12hr    1396 embryo 12-14hr    1106 embryo 14-16hr    597 embryo 16-18hr    541 embryo 18-20hr    525 embryo 20-22hr    622 embryo 22-24hr    629 larva L1    628 larva L2    538 larva L3 12hr old    652 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    732 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1006 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1211 white prepupae new    1101 white prepupae 12hr    1370 white prepupae 24hr    1669 pupae 2d postWPP    1172 pupae 3d postWPP    700 pupae 4d postWPP    440 adult male 01day    830 adult male 05day    1307 adult male 30day    885 adult female 01day    785 adult female 05day    1322 adult female 30day    1359 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2185 embryo 02-04hr    1048 embryo 04-06hr    1450 embryo 06-08hr    2094 embryo 08-10hr    1860 embryo 10-12hr    1396 embryo 12-14hr    1106 embryo 14-16hr    597 embryo 16-18hr    541 embryo 18-20hr    525 embryo 20-22hr    622 embryo 22-24hr    629 larva L1    628 larva L2    538 larva L3 12hr old    652 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    732 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1006 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1211 white prepupae new    1101 white prepupae 12hr    1370 white prepupae 24hr    1669 pupae 2d postWPP    1172 pupae 3d postWPP    700 pupae 4d postWPP    440 adult male 01day    830 adult male 05day    1307 adult male 30day    885 adult female 01day    785 adult female 05day    1322 adult female 30day    1359 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0003742 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2185 embryo 02-04hr    1048 embryo 04-06hr    1450 embryo 06-08hr    2094 embryo 08-10hr    1860 embryo 10-12hr    1396 embryo 12-14hr    1106 embryo 14-16hr    597 embryo 16-18hr    541 embryo 18-20hr    525 embryo 20-22hr    622 embryo 22-24hr    629 larva L1    628 larva L2    538 larva L3 12hr old    652 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    732 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1006 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1211 white prepupae new    1101 white prepupae 12hr    1370 white prepupae 24hr    1669 pupae 2d postWPP    1172 pupae 3d postWPP    700 pupae 4d postWPP    440 adult male 01day    830 adult male 05day    1307 adult male 30day    885 adult female 01day    785 adult female 05day    1322 adult female 30day    1359 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (2185) embryo 02-04hr  (1048) embryo 04-06hr  (1450) embryo 06-08hr  (2094) embryo 08-10hr  (1860) embryo 10-12hr  (1396) embryo 12-14hr  (1106) embryo 14-16hr  (597) embryo 16-18hr  (541) embryo 18-20hr  (525) embryo 20-22hr  (622) embryo 22-24hr  (629) larva L1  (628) larva L2  (538) larva L3 12hr old  (652) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (732) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1006) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (1211) white prepupae new  (1101) white prepupae 12hr  (1370) white prepupae 24hr  (1669) pupae 2d postWPP  (1172) pupae 3d postWPP  (700) pupae 4d postWPP  (440) adult male 01day  (830) adult male 05day  (1307) adult male 30day  (885) adult female 01day  (785) adult female 05day  (1322) adult female 30day  (1359) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  2185 embryo 02-04hr    1048 embryo 04-06hr  1450 embryo 06-08hr  2094 embryo 08-10hr  1860 embryo 10-12hr    1396 embryo 12-14hr    1106 embryo 14-16hr    597 embryo 16-18hr    541 embryo 18-20hr    525 embryo 20-22hr    622 embryo 22-24hr    629 larva L1    628 larva L2    538 larva L3 12hr old    652 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    732 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1006 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1211 white prepupae new    1101 white prepupae 12hr    1370 white prepupae 24hr  1669 pupae 2d postWPP    1172 pupae 3d postWPP    700 pupae 4d postWPP    440 adult male 01day    830 adult male 05day    1307 adult male 30day    885 adult female 01day    785 adult female 05day    1322 adult female 30day    1359 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2185 embryo 02-04hr    1048 embryo 04-06hr    1450 embryo 06-08hr    2094 embryo 08-10hr    1860 embryo 10-12hr    1396 embryo 12-14hr    1106 embryo 14-16hr    597 embryo 16-18hr    541 embryo 18-20hr    525 embryo 20-22hr    622 embryo 22-24hr    629 larva L1    628 larva L2    538 larva L3 12hr old    652 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    732 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1006 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1211 white prepupae new    1101 white prepupae 12hr    1370 white prepupae 24hr    1669 pupae 2d postWPP    1172 pupae 3d postWPP    700 pupae 4d postWPP    440 adult male 01day    830 adult male 05day    1307 adult male 30day    885 adult female 01day    785 adult female 05day    1322 adult female 30day    1359 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2185 embryo 02-04hr    1048 embryo 04-06hr    1450 embryo 06-08hr    2094 embryo 08-10hr    1860 embryo 10-12hr    1396 embryo 12-14hr    1106 embryo 14-16hr    597 embryo 16-18hr    541 embryo 18-20hr    525 embryo 20-22hr    622 embryo 22-24hr    629 larva L1    628 larva L2    538 larva L3 12hr old    652 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    732 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1006 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1211 white prepupae new    1101 white prepupae 12hr    1370 white prepupae 24hr    1669 pupae 2d postWPP    1172 pupae 3d postWPP    700 pupae 4d postWPP    440 adult male 01day    830 adult male 05day    1307 adult male 30day    885 adult female 01day    785 adult female 05day    1322 adult female 30day    1359 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0003742    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0003742 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Nearly all larval and adult tissues/organs expressed at moderate levels. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval hindgut, larval Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male reproductive system, larval carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0003742 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    313.775 Larval Midgut    107.4 Larval Hindgut    114.4 Larval Malpighian Tubules    143.7 Larval Fat Body    139.9 Larval Salivary Gland    183.7 Larval Trachea    185.425 Larval Carcass    122.1 Adult Head    103.5 Adult Eye    119.85 Adult Brain    160.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    146.2 Adult Crop    123.7 Adult Midgut    111.7 Adult Hindgut    95 Adult Malpighian Tubules    99.1 Adult Fat Body    103.9 Adult Salivary Gland    153.8 Adult Heart    102.5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    101.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    117.7 Adult Ovary    429.5 Adult Testis    393.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    256.9 Adult Carcass    97.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    313.775 Larval Midgut    107.4 Larval Hindgut    114.4 Larval Malpighian Tubules    143.7 Larval Fat Body    139.9 Larval Salivary Gland    183.7 Larval Trachea    185.425 Larval Carcass    122.1 Adult Head    103.5 Adult Eye    119.85 Adult Brain    160.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    146.2 Adult Crop    123.7 Adult Midgut    111.7 Adult Hindgut    95 Adult Malpighian Tubules    99.1 Adult Fat Body    103.9 Adult Salivary Gland    153.8 Adult Heart    102.5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    101.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    117.7 Adult Ovary    429.5 Adult Testis    393.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    256.9 Adult Carcass    97.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    313.775 Larval Midgut    107.4 Larval Hindgut    114.4 Larval Malpighian Tubules    143.7 Larval Fat Body    139.9 Larval Salivary Gland    183.7 Larval Trachea    185.425 Larval Carcass    122.1 Adult Head    103.5 Adult Eye    119.85 Adult Brain    160.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    146.2 Adult Crop    123.7 Adult Midgut    111.7 Adult Hindgut    95 Adult Malpighian Tubules    99.1 Adult Fat Body    103.9 Adult Salivary Gland    153.8 Adult Heart    102.5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    101.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    117.7 Adult Ovary    429.5 Adult Testis    393.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    256.9 Adult Carcass    97.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    313.775 Larval Midgut    107.4 Larval Hindgut    114.4 Larval Malpighian Tubules    143.7 Larval Fat Body    139.9 Larval Salivary Gland    183.7 Larval Trachea    185.425 Larval Carcass    122.1 Adult Head    103.5 Adult Eye    119.85 Adult Brain    160.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    146.2 Adult Crop    123.7 Adult Midgut    111.7 Adult Hindgut    95 Adult Malpighian Tubules    99.1 Adult Fat Body    103.9 Adult Salivary Gland    153.8 Adult Heart    102.5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    101.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    117.7 Adult Ovary    429.5 Adult Testis    393.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    256.9 Adult Carcass    97.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0003742 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    313.775 Larval Midgut    107.4 Larval Hindgut    114.4 Larval Malpighian Tubules    143.7 Larval Fat Body    139.9 Larval Salivary Gland    183.7 Larval Trachea    185.425 Larval Carcass    122.1 Adult Head    103.5 Adult Eye    119.85 Adult Brain    160.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    146.2 Adult Crop    123.7 Adult Midgut    111.7 Adult Hindgut    95 Adult Malpighian Tubules    99.1 Adult Fat Body    103.9 Adult Salivary Gland    153.8 Adult Heart    102.5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    101.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    117.7 Adult Ovary    429.5 Adult Testis    393.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    256.9 Adult Carcass    97.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    313.775 Larval Midgut    107.4 Larval Hindgut    114.4 Larval Malpighian Tubules    143.7 Larval Fat Body    139.9 Larval Salivary Gland    183.7 Larval Trachea    185.425 Larval Carcass    122.1 Adult Head    103.5 Adult Eye    119.85 Adult Brain    160.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    146.2 Adult Crop    123.7 Adult Midgut    111.7 Adult Hindgut    95 Adult Malpighian Tubules    99.1 Adult Fat Body    103.9 Adult Salivary Gland    153.8 Adult Heart    102.5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    101.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    117.7 Adult Ovary    429.5 Adult Testis    393.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    256.9 Adult Carcass    97.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    313.775 Larval Midgut    107.4 Larval Hindgut    114.4 Larval Malpighian Tubules    143.7 Larval Fat Body    139.9 Larval Salivary Gland    183.7 Larval Trachea    185.425 Larval Carcass    122.1 Adult Head    103.5 Adult Eye    119.85 Adult Brain    160.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    146.2 Adult Crop    123.7 Adult Midgut    111.7 Adult Hindgut    95 Adult Malpighian Tubules    99.1 Adult Fat Body    103.9 Adult Salivary Gland    153.8 Adult Heart    102.5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    101.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    117.7 Adult Ovary    429.5 Adult Testis    393.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    256.9 Adult Carcass    97.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    313.775 Larval Midgut    107.4 Larval Hindgut    114.4 Larval Malpighian Tubules    143.7 Larval Fat Body    139.9 Larval Salivary Gland    183.7 Larval Trachea    185.425 Larval Carcass    122.1 Adult Head    103.5 Adult Eye    119.85 Adult Brain    160.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    146.2 Adult Crop    123.7 Adult Midgut    111.7 Adult Hindgut    95 Adult Malpighian Tubules    99.1 Adult Fat Body    103.9 Adult Salivary Gland    153.8 Adult Heart    102.5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    101.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    117.7 Adult Ovary    429.5 Adult Testis    393.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    256.9 Adult Carcass    97.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    103.5   NA  Eye    119.85   NA  Brain    160.5   313.775  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    146.2   NA  Crop    123.7   107.4  Midgut    111.7   114.4  Hindgut    95   143.7  Malpighian Tubules    99.1   139.9  Fat Body    103.9   183.7  Salivary Gland    153.8   NA  Heart    102.5   185.425  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    101.5   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    117.7   NA  Ovary    429.5   NA  Testis    393.6   NA  Male Accessory Gland    256.9   122.1  Carcass    97.6 modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_06
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003742 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG10128-RC FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for tra2 Stages(s) 1-3 Stages(s) 4-6 Stages(s) 7-8 Stages(s) 9-10 Stages(s) 11-12 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | recessive tra2Pd2 viable tra2CC01925 viable, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI tra2dsRNA.Scer\UAS viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 tra2GD768 viable, with Scer\GAL4T80 tra2dsRNA.Scer\UAS Sterility Allele female fertile tra2+t3.9 tra2Δ179 tra2Δ226-179 tra2Δ226 tra2Δ264-179 tra2Δ264 female sterile | recessive tra2B male fertile tra2+t3.6 tra2+t3.9 tra2P tra2Pd1 tra2Pd4 tra2Δ179 tra2Δ264-179 male fertile | heat sensitive tra2ts2 male sterile tra2ts1 tra2Δ226-179 tra2Δ226 tra2Δ264-226 tra2Δ264 tra2ΔM1 male sterile | heat sensitive tra2ts2 male sterile | recessive tra2B sterile | recessive tra2933 Other Phenotypes Allele courtship behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4fru.P1 tra2dsRNA.Scer\UAS courtship behavior defective | female | recessive tra2933 sex-determination defective tra2A15 tra2A36 tra2D1 tra2D3 tra2D4 tra2D5.T:Zzzz\nls1 tra2D5 tra2OTF tra2P tra2Pd4 tra2PM1 tra2PM2 sex-determination defective (with Df(2R)trix) tra2B sex-determination defective | female (with Df(2R)trix) tra2B sex-determination defective | female | heat sensitive tra2ts1 sex-determination defective | heat sensitive tra2PM3 tra2PM4 tra2ts1 tra2ts2 sex-determination defective | recessive tra21 tra2B tra2Δ264-226 visible, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PU tra2GD768 visible | heat sensitive tra2ts1 tra2ts2 wild-type tra2+t3.9 tra2N.T:Zzzz\FLAG tra2RS2.carb.N.T:Zzzz\FLAG tra2Δ179 tra2Δ226-179 tra2Δ226 tra2Δ264-179 tra2Δ264 Phenotype manifest in Allele abdominal sternite 6, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP tra2dsRNA.Scer\UAS abdominal sternite 6, with Scer\GAL4T80 tra2dsRNA.Scer\UAS abdominal tergite 5, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP tra2dsRNA.Scer\UAS abdominal tergite 5, with Scer\GAL4T80 tra2dsRNA.Scer\UAS abdominal tergite 6, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP tra2dsRNA.Scer\UAS abdominal tergite 6, with Scer\GAL4T80 tra2dsRNA.Scer\UAS abdominal tergite 7, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP tra2dsRNA.Scer\UAS abdominal tergite 7, with Scer\GAL4T80 tra2dsRNA.Scer\UAS adult abdomen, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PU tra2GD768 anal plate, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP tra2dsRNA.Scer\UAS anal plate, with Scer\GAL4T80 tra2dsRNA.Scer\UAS female analia | heat sensitive tra2ts1 female genital disc, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 tra2dsRNA.Scer\UAS female genitalia tra2933 female genitalia, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP tra2dsRNA.Scer\UAS female genitalia, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PU tra2GD768 female genitalia, with Scer\GAL4T80 tra2dsRNA.Scer\UAS female genitalia | heat sensitive tra2ts1 female reproductive system tra2B female reproductive system | heat sensitive tra2ts1 germline cell tra2B gonad tra2B tra2unspecified male genital disc | ectopic | female, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 tra2dsRNA.Scer\UAS male genitalia | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PU tra2GD768 male genitalia | ectopic | heat sensitive tra2ts1 male repressed primordium, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E tra2dsRNA.Scer\UAS male repressed primordium, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 tra2dsRNA.Scer\UAS male repressed primordium | heat sensitive tra2ts1 male repressed primordium | somatic clone tra2ts1 male repressed primordium | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP tra2dsRNA.Scer\UAS ovary tra2ts2 sex comb tra2Δ264-226 tra2B sex comb, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP tra2dsRNA.Scer\UAS sex comb, with Scer\GAL4T80 tra2dsRNA.Scer\UAS spermatid | ectopic tra2B spermatocyte | ectopic tra2B spermatozoon tra2ΔM1 spermatozoon | ectopic tra2B
Classical Alleles ( 19 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of tra2 Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion tra2B loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 4 Yes tra2ts1 ethyl methanesulfonate 2 Yes tra2d10032 P-element activity 1 -- tra2KG08361 P-element activity 1 -- tra2ts2 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes tra2A15 amorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 Yes tra2A36 amorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 Yes tra21 loss of function allele spontaneous 0 -- tra2933 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence P-element activity 0 -- tra2ad 0 -- tra2CC01925 P-element activity 0 Yes tra2OTF hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence spontaneous 0 Yes tra2P PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes tra2Pd1 P-element activity 0 -- tra2Pd2 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes tra2Pd4 P-element activity 0 -- tra2PM6 0 Yes tra2PM7 P-element activity 0 Yes tra2unspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 49 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of tra2 Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion tra2GD768 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes tra2JF02852 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes tra2KK108747 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes tra2KK109016 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes tra2+t3.6 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes tra2+t3.9 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes tra21.2.3.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes tra22xAS.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes tra22xS.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes tra2Act5C.PR in vitro construct - genomic fragment in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes tra2C.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes tra2C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes tra2CAG.3' in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes tra2D1 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes tra2D2 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes tra2D3 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes tra2D4 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes tra2D5.T:Zzzz\nls1 in vitro construct - deletion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes tra2D5 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes tra2DA in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes tra2dsRNA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes tra2ftz.3' in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes tra2ftz.IVS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes tra2hs.c1.3 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes tra2hs.d5'c1.3 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes tra2hs.PH in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes tra2mhce.3' in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes tra2N.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes tra2ORF1,2.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes tra2ORF3.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes tra2ORF3 in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes tra2PM1 in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes tra2PM2 in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes tra2PM3 in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes tra2PM4 in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes tra2RS2.carb.N.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct 0 Yes tra2VCdel in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes tra2VCsub.ftz3' in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes tra2VCsub in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes tra2Δ179 in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes tra2Δ226-179 in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes tra2Δ226 in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes tra2Δ264-179 in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes tra2Δ264-226 in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes tra2Δ264 in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes tra2ΔM1 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes tra2ΔRS.C.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes tra2ΔRS.C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes tra2ΔRS.N.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(2R)Exel6284 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(2R)Exel7133 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(2R)L4 (Belote and Baker, 1983) Df(2R)trix (Goralski et al., 1989, Oliver et al., 1993, Mattox et al., 1996, Ryner et al., 1996)
Not disrupted in	Df(2R)L48 (Goralski et al., 1989)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD768} NA P{KK108747} NA P{KK109016} NA P{TRiP.JF02852} NA P{UAS-tra2.2xAS} NA P{UAS-tra2.2xS} NA P{UAS-tra2.IR} NA reporter construct P{CaZPA-1,2,3} No P{CZP-ORF1,2} No P{CZPORF3} No P{tra2C.T:lacZ} No P{tra2ΔRS.C.T:lacZ} No heat-shock construct P{C20c1.3} NA P{C20d5'c1.3} NA characterization construct P{B52::tra2A.N.T:FLAG} NA P{B52::tra2B.N.T:FLAG} NA P{B52::tra2C.T:FLAG} NA P{B52::tra2C.T:lacZ} NA P{B52::tra2N.T:FLAG} NA P{CSPDA} NA P{CSPORF3} NA P{D1} NA P{D2} NA P{D3} NA P{D4} NA P{D5.T:nls1} NA P{D5} NA P{E3.9} NA P{PM1} NA P{PM2} NA P{PM3} NA P{PM4} NA P{tra2::Hsap\SFRS2C.T:FLAG} NA P{tra2::Hsap\SFRS2N.T:FLAG} NA P{tra2::U2af50C.T:FLAG} NA P{tra2::U2af50C.T:lacZ} NA P{tra2::U2af50N.T:FLAG} NA P{tra2.CAG3'} NA P{tra2.ftz3'} NA P{tra2.ftzIVS} NA P{tra2.mhce3'} NA P{tra2.VCdel} NA P{tra2.VCsub.ftz3'} NA P{tra2.VCsub} NA P{tra2.ΔM1} NA P{tra2+3.6} NA P{tra2C.T:FLAG} NA P{tra2N.T:FLAG} NA P{tra2RS2.carb.N.T:FLAG} NA P{tra2ΔRS.C.T:FLAG} NA P{tra2ΔRS.N.T:FLAG} NA P{tra::tra2C.T:FLAG} NA P{Δ179} NA P{Δ226-179} NA P{Δ226} NA P{Δ264-179} NA P{Δ264-226} NA P{Δ264} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions ?{}tra2OTF NA P{}tra2933 NA P{}tra2P NA P{}tra2Pd1 NA P{PTT-GC}tra2CC01925 NA P{SUPor-P}tra2KG08361 NA insertion of mobile activating element P{XP}tra2d10032 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 16 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 6 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
female sex determination inferred from mutant phenotype (assigned by UniProtKB) (Amrein et al., 1990, Mattox et al., 1990) mRNA processing inferred from mutant phenotype (assigned by UniProtKB) (Goralski et al., 1989) regulation of alternative nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome inferred from mutant phenotype (Katzenberger et al., 2009) regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome inferred from direct assay (assigned by UniProtKB) (Tian and Maniatis, 1993) reproduction inferred from mutant phenotype (assigned by UniProtKB) (Amrein et al., 1990)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
precatalytic spliceosome inferred from direct assay (Herold et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 12 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
mRNA binding inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Lasko, 2000) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.11.1) non-traceable author statement (assigned by UniProtKB) (Amrein et al., 1988, Amrein et al., 1994) nucleic acid binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000504 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) nucleotide binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR012677 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
female somatic sex determination non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.11.1) traceable author statement (Williamson and Lehmann, 1996) male somatic sex determination traceable author statement (Williamson and Lehmann, 1996) mRNA processing non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.11.1) non-traceable author statement (assigned by UniProtKB) (Hedley and Maniatis, 1991) nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome inferred by curator from GO:0071011 (Herold et al., 2009) reproduction non-traceable author statement (assigned by UniProtKB) (Amrein et al., 1994) RNA splicing non-traceable author statement (assigned by UniProtKB) (Amrein et al., 1994) sex determination non-traceable author statement (Emmons and Lipton, 2003, Greenspan and Ferveur, 2000) non-traceable author statement (assigned by UniProtKB) (Amrein et al., 1988) spermatogenesis non-traceable author statement (Williamson and Lehmann, 1996, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.11.1) spliceosome assembly non-traceable author statement (Schutt and Nothiger, 2000)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions tra2 allele Gene References tra2B B52 (Peng and Mount, 1995) Doa (Du et al., 1998) fru (Ryner et al., 1996) tra::tra2 (Dauwalder and Mattox, 1998) tra2unspecified dsx (Nothiger et al., 1987)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 62366 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0003742 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003742 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 36619
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF13528 Dere\GG22415 Dgri\GH21118 Dmoj\GI18722 Dper\GL10640 Dpse\GA10094 Dsec\GM20203 Dsim\GD25673 Dvir\tra2 Dwil\GK15735 Dyak\GE12305
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dpse\GA10094   Dvir\tra2
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL006416-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP006798-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_001121070.1 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001944825.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) 22812 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (chytrid fungus) 126505 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) XP_001896271.1 Brugia malayi (roundworm nematode) BGIBMGA009888-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000016756 Bos taurus (bovine) CN18117 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CBP09289 Caenorhabditis briggsae (nematode) CE18515 Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) ENSCAFP00000004119 Canis familiaris (dog) JA08901 Caenorhabditis japonica (nematode) cn04450 Cryptococcus neoformans (yeast-like fungus) CPIJ016646 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSCPOP00000005690 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) ENSCPOP00000009641 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) RP17056 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) 155471 Capitella spl (polychaete worm) DDB0233352 Dictyostelium discoideum (amoeba) 299504 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ENSDARP00000016139 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSECAP00000009543 Equus caballus (horse) XP_655465 Entamoeba histolytica (anaerobic protozoan) ENSGACP00000007915 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGALP00000017856 Gallus gallus (chicken) 126005 Hypsipyla robusta (cedar shoot borer) ENSP00000297071 Homo sapiens (human) ISCW010309-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) 131943 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) 39161 Monocosta brevicollis (choanoflagellate) ENSMODP00000016570 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000006174 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMUSP00000031841 Mus musculus (house mouse) 94276 Nematostella vectensis (starlet anemone) XP_001601106.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000022391 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSORLP00000017283 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) LOC_Os08g29650.1 Oryza sativa (asian rice) PF10_0028 Plasmodium falciparum (protozoal parasite) PP11835 Pristionchus pacificus (nematode) 145826 Physcomitrella patens (moss) ENSPPYP00000019871 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) 77866 Phytophthora ramorum (sudden oak death pathogen) 137237 Phytophthora sojae (root rot pathogen) ENSPTRP00000032448 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) PVX_094315 Plasmodium vivax (protozoal parasite) ENSRNOP00000012325 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) Smp_045950.2 Schistosoma mansoni (trematode parasite) SPAC25G10.01 Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) XP_001181870.1 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) XP_968550.2 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) ENSTNIP00000020347 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) ENSTRUP00000038748 Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish Takifugu) ENSXETP00000016108 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • NV14997 LH10803 ISCW010309 FBgn0230060 FBgn0217738 FBgn0015686 FBgn0196958 FBgn0175086 JGI_V11_299504 FBgn0070153 FBgn0148250 FBgn0141461 FBgn0128580 FBgn0114587 FBgn0090557 CPIJ016646 CPIJ004538 CPIJ001852 BGIBMGA009888 ACYPI009168 ACYPI007316 GB11130 AGAP006798 AAEL015489 AAEL009224 AAEL009222 AAEL006416 AAEL004293 PB19711 PHUM558870 GLEAN_12340
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 14 )
Bloomington	28018 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF02852}attP2 14718 w1118; P{SUPor-P}tra2KG08361 2413 Dp(1;Y)BS; bw1 tra2ts1/CyO 25137 Dp(1;Y)BS; cn1 tra2B bw1/CyO 8868 y1/Dp(1;Y)BS; cn1 tra2ts2 bw1/CyO 36296 y1 w*/Dp(1;Y)BS; tra2B/CyO; P{UAS-Soce\tra2}5
Harvard	- P{XP}tra2d10032
Kyoto	107320 Dp(1;Y)BS; bw1 tra2ts1/CyO
VDRC	v100805 P{KK108747}VIE-260B v101548 P{KK109016}VIE-260B v8868 w1118; P{GD768}v8868 v24499 w1118; P{GD768}v24499/TM3
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR07P02 BACR27M04 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 31 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	SD04329
Other clones	DPiM_SD04329
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	RE60444 RE60490 RH39422
Other clones	16743 36018 61873 104502 163250 174904 190520 214507.77 557077 CK01.98C.E5 EK076115 EK185456 EK229245 EK267464 EK275863 EK292657 EN12014 EP05748 FGM227A04 IP04670 RP004050333 RP004074718 RP004262464 RP004263662 RP004339442 RP004455318
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003742 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 36619
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments	snoRNA:tra2-a is encoded in an intron of tra2. (Graveley et al., 2011)
Other Comments
	Gene expression is increased in response to the presence of two copies of Scer\GAL4hs.PB. (Liu and Lehmann, 2008) The Hrp59 protein binds preferentially to a subset of mRNAs, including tra2 mRNA. (Kiesler et al., 2005) Area matching Drosophila Tra-2 gene. Acc. No. X57484. (Davies, 2001.3.15) Ectopic somatic expression of the female product of tra is sufficient to feminise XY germ cells. This feminisation depends upon the tra2 gene, but does not seem to require a functional dsx gene. (Waterbury et al., 2000) tra and tra2 regulate sex-specific splicing of fru, inducing female-specific splicing of fru by activating the female-specific fru 5' splice site. (Heinrichs et al., 1998) Autoregulation of the tra2 226 isoform in male germ cells is necessary for normal spermatogenesis. (McGuffin et al., 1998) Hsap\tra-2α can partially replace tra2 during sexual differentiation. (Dauwalder et al., 1996) Both HeLa and Kc cell nuclear extracts have been used for UV cross-linking experiments to determine which proteins bind to dsxRE as part of the native tra- and tra2-dependent dsx enhancer complex (dsxEC). Rbp1 and SRp30 have been identified that bind the 13-nucleotide repeats and purine rich element (PRE), respectively, of the dsx repeat element (dsxRE). (Lynch and Maniatis, 1996) In somatic tissues two different tra2 isoforms function redundantly to direct female differentiation and female specific "dsx" pre-mRNA splicing. In the male germline a single isoform uniquely performs all necessary functions. This isoform regulates its own synthesis during spermatogenesis through a negative feedback mechanism involving intron retention. (Mattox et al., 1996) Anatomical and behavioural studies of fru mutants are consistent with the function of fru being downstream of tra and tra2. (Ryner et al., 1996) An amino sequence in tra is capable of directing a heterologous protein to nuclear speckles mammalian cells, regions of the nucleus previously shown to contain high concentrations of spliceosomal small nuclear RNAs and splicing factors. tra2 and tra colocalise in the speckle domains. (Hedley et al., 1995) Female-specific expression of genes in the germline is dependent on a somatic signalling pathway which requires the sex-non-specific tra2 but not the sex-specific tra and dsx. (Horabin et al., 1995) Regulated alternative splicing of dsx pre-mRNA requires the dsxRE splicing enhancer, dsx repeat element. The activity of dsxRE requires tra and tra2 and one or more general splicing factors. A purine rich enhancer (PRE) sequence within the RE has been identified, this element functionally synergises with the dsxRE and is required for specific binding of tra2 to the dsxRE. Results demonstrate that positive control of dsx pre-mRNA splicing requires tra- and tra2- dependent assembly of a multiprotein complex on at least two distinct enhancer elements. (Lynch and Maniatis, 1995) tra2 interacts with pre-mRNAs from over 60 genes and binding to pre-mRNAs is not dependent on the presence of female specific tra2 protein. tra2 is unlikely to perform a general function in constitutive RNA splicing and results suggest the existance of a distinct subset of RNAs that interact with tra2 with high affinity. (McGuffin and Mattox, 1995) The choice of female identity in the germ line is dependent upon a somatic signalling pathway that requires the sex-non-specific tra2 gene but not the sex specific genes tra and dsx. The somatic signalling pathway appears to function continuously from embryogenesis to the larval stages to select and sustain female germ line identity. (Waterbury et al., 1995) The sex-specific requirement of sov in gonadal development is controlled by the somatic sex regulatory genes tra, tra2 and dsx. (Wayne et al., 1995) The ribonucleoprotein consensus sequence (RNP-CS) of the tra2 product is required for male fertility and positive and negative control of alternative splicing in transgenic flies, as well as for in vitro binding of recombinant tra2 protein to dsx and tra2 pre-mRNAs. One of two arginine-serine (RS)- rich domains of tra2 is dispensable, while the other is indispensable for all in vivo functions, and is required for RNA binding and specific protein-protein interactions. Both protein-RNA and protein-protein interactions are involved in tra2-dependent activation and repression of alternative splicing. (Amrein et al., 1994) tra2 is required in male germ cells for efficient male-specific processing of exu RNA. In the absence of tra2 males produce a new exu mRNA which is processed at its 3' end so that it contains sequences normally specific to the female 3' untranslated region. (Hazelrigg and Tu, 1994) A sequence comparison and numerical analysis of the RRM-containing (RNA recognition motif) proteins suggests that functionally related RRM-containing proteins have significant sequence similarities in their RRMs. (Kim and Baker, 1993) The genetic hierarchy regulating female germ-line sex determination includes tra, tra2, dsx, fu, otu, ovo, snf and Sxl. (Oliver et al., 1993) Female specific splicing of dsx is regulated by tra and tra2, which recruit general, serine/arginine-rich splicing factors to a regulatory element located downstream of a female-specific 3' splice site. (Tian and Maniatis, 1993) UV crosslinking/transfection of Kc cells showed tra2 protein binds to 13 nucleotide motif that is repeated 6 times in female-specific fourth exon that acts as cis exon for female-specific splicing of dsx pre-mRNA. (Inoue et al., 1992) tra2 function directs the development of sexually dimorphic skeletal muscles. (Taylor, 1992) An in vitro splicing system to study the mechanism involved in positive control of dsx female specific splicing by tra and tra2 is used in HeLa cell nuclear extracts. (Tian and Maniatis, 1992) Wild type functions of tra and tra2 are necessary in females for the expression of the female specific dsx function. In te absence of tra or tra2 function the alternative pattern of processing produces the dsx mRNA that encodes the male specific dsx protein. (Baker et al., 1991) tra2 produced in E.coli binds specifically to a site within the female specific exon of dsx pre-mRNA. This site is required for female specific splicing and female specific polyadenylation. Results suggest that tra2 is a positive regulator of dsx pre-mRNA processing. (Hedley and Maniatis, 1991) Cotransfection analyses in which dsx, tra and tra2 cDNAs are expressed in Kc cells revealed that female specific splicing of dsx transcript is positively regulated by tra and tra2 gene products. (Hoshijima et al., 1991) tra2 products function to autoregulate the alternative splicing of male germ line-specific tra2 transcripts. (Mattox and Baker, 1991) Cotransfection assays to examine regulatory interactions between specific cis-acting sequence elements of dsx pre-mRNA, and tra and tra2 gene products establish that tra and tra2 function to activate the use of the female specific exon. (Ryner and Baker, 1991) Alternative splicing of tra2 is sex-specific in the germ line but not in the soma. (Mattox et al., 1990) P element construct carrying a wild type copy of tra2 is capable of fully complementing both the sex determination and male sterility of the tra2 mutants. The tra2 gene product may function to control sexual differentiation by directly regulating the processing of the dsx pre-mRNA. (Goralski et al., 1989) The mechanism of sex determination in the germ line has been analysed. (Nothiger et al., 1989) One role of tra2+ (like tra+) is to regulate sex determination by directing dsx+ in such a way that female primodia are expressed and male primordia repressed in chromosomal females. In addition, tra2+ serves as a regulator of spermiogenesis and copulation; as a result, functional sperm are produced by chromosomal males and transmitted to the females. Null or amorphic tra2 mutations, however, transform chromosomal females into flies that are phenotypically male in regard to external cuticular morphology, pigment pattern, internal genital ducts and mating behavior. Their gonads are much reduced and lack sperm and they are not affected by mle (Fujihara, Kawabe and Oishi, 1978). tra2 mutations in chromosomal males produce normal looking adult males showing normal sexual behavior, but the sperm are amotile (Watanabe, 1975; Belote and Baker, 1981). Some tra2 mutants are temperature-sensitive; homozygotes become phenotypic males when reared at 29oC, but phenotypic females when reared at 16oC (Belote and Baker, 1983). When X/X; tra2ts2 homozygotes are shifted to the female-specifying temperature during or before the third instar, no development of the male accessory glands occurs (Chapman and Wolfner, 1988). In X/X; tra2ts2 homozygotes reared throughout development at the permissive temperature of 16oC, yolk polypeptide synthesis occurs as in X/X; tra2ts2/+ controls; in X/X; tra2ts2 homozygotes raised and kept at 29oC, however, no synthesis of yolk polypeptides can be detected (Belote, Handler, Wolfner, Livak and Baker, 1985). Temperature shift experiments with this temperature-sensitive allele show that tra2+ function must be present in the adult for the initiation and maintenance of yolk polypeptide synthesis. This control over YP on the part of tra2+ was shown to be at the level of transcription (Kraus et al., 1988). tra2ts1 homozygous females do not always maintain male courtship behavior at 29oC, but transformed females hemizygous for tra2 <up>tra2ts1/Df(2R)trix</up> court in a reliably male fashion (Belote and Baker, 1987). Temperature-shift experiments indicate that the TSP for induction of male courtship starts in the last half of the pupal period and ends before the end of pupation.
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_057415 NM_057416 NM_057417 NM_057418 NM_134280 NM_206112 NM_206113 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_476763 NP_476764 NP_476765 NP_476766 NP_599107 NP_995834 NP_995835 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAA28953 AAA28954 AAA28955 AAA28956 AAA28957 AAA62771 AAA69686 AAF58232 AAF58232.2 AAL13997 AAM68557 AAM68557.1 AAM68558 AAM68558.1 AAM68559 AAM68559.1 AAM68560 AAM68560.1 AAS64910 AAS64910.1 AAS64911 AAS64911.1 AC008306 AI532731 AW944357 AX093890 AY058768 BH901023 CAA40722 CZ477063 J03155 M23633 M30939 M76381 X57484 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 36619 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P19018
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • RNA recognition motif domain (IPR000504) Nucleotide-binding, alpha-beta plait (IPR012677)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 62366 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0003742 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003742 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003742 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003742 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG10128-RC FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0003742 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 36619 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL006416-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP006798-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_001121070.1 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001944825.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) 22812 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (chytrid fungus) 126505 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) XP_001896271.1 Brugia malayi (roundworm nematode) BGIBMGA009888-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000016756 Bos taurus (bovine) CN18117 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CBP09289 Caenorhabditis briggsae (nematode) CE18515 Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) ENSCAFP00000004119 Canis familiaris (dog) JA08901 Caenorhabditis japonica (nematode) cn04450 Cryptococcus neoformans (yeast-like fungus) CPIJ016646 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSCPOP00000005690 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) ENSCPOP00000009641 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) RP17056 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) 155471 Capitella spl (polychaete worm) DDB0233352 Dictyostelium discoideum (amoeba) 299504 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ENSDARP00000016139 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSECAP00000009543 Equus caballus (horse) XP_655465 Entamoeba histolytica (anaerobic protozoan) ENSGACP00000007915 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGALP00000017856 Gallus gallus (chicken) 126005 Hypsipyla robusta (cedar shoot borer) ENSP00000297071 Homo sapiens (human) ISCW010309-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) 131943 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) 39161 Monocosta brevicollis (choanoflagellate) ENSMODP00000016570 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000006174 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMUSP00000031841 Mus musculus (house mouse) 94276 Nematostella vectensis (starlet anemone) XP_001601106.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000022391 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSORLP00000017283 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) LOC_Os08g29650.1 Oryza sativa (asian rice) PF10_0028 Plasmodium falciparum (protozoal parasite) PP11835 Pristionchus pacificus (nematode) 145826 Physcomitrella patens (moss) ENSPPYP00000019871 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) 77866 Phytophthora ramorum (sudden oak death pathogen) 137237 Phytophthora sojae (root rot pathogen) ENSPTRP00000032448 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) PVX_094315 Plasmodium vivax (protozoal parasite) ENSRNOP00000012325 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) Smp_045950.2 Schistosoma mansoni (trematode parasite) SPAC25G10.01 Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) XP_001181870.1 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) XP_968550.2 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) ENSTNIP00000020347 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) ENSTRUP00000038748 Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish Takifugu) ENSXETP00000016108 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /dbzhnsky/transf21.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 36619 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0003742 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • NV14997 LH10803 ISCW010309 FBgn0230060 FBgn0217738 FBgn0015686 FBgn0196958 FBgn0175086 JGI_V11_299504 FBgn0070153 FBgn0148250 FBgn0141461 FBgn0128580 FBgn0114587 FBgn0090557 CPIJ016646 CPIJ004538 CPIJ001852 BGIBMGA009888 ACYPI009168 ACYPI007316 GB11130 AGAP006798 AAEL015489 AAEL009224 AAEL009222 AAEL006416 AAEL004293 PB19711 PHUM558870 GLEAN_12340
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 13 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG10128 (Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Herold et al., 2009, Lowery et al., 2010) tra-2 (Gleason et al., 2005, Beckstead, 2005, Bielinska et al., 2005, Hinson and Nagoshi, 2002, Arbeitman et al., 2004, Christiansen et al., 2002, Keisman et al., 2001, Emmons and Lipton, 2003, Dauwalder et al., 2002, Andrews and Oliver, 2002, Dauwalder et al., 2001, Baker et al., 2001, Arbeitman et al., 2001, Dauwalder et al., 2001, Keplinger et al., 2001, Wasserman, 2000, Waterbury et al., 2000, Usui-Aoki et al., 2000, Fortier and Belote, 2000, Gorfinkiel et al., 2000, Yamamoto and Nakano, 1999, Goodwin, 1999, Mattox, 1991.8.21, Amrein, 1993.9.30, Dauwalder and Mattox, 1999, O'Kane and Asztalos, 1999, Herbert and Rich, 1999, Anand et al., 1998, Arthur et al., 1998, Goodwin et al., 1997, Marin and Baker, 1998, McGuffin et al., 1998, Yamamoto et al., 1998, Larsen and Taylor, 1998, Li and Baker, 1998, Heinrichs et al., 1998, O'Dell and Kaiser, 1997, Dauwalder and Mattox, 1997, Chandler and Mattox, 1997, Ryner et al., 1996, Morgan and Mahowald, 1996, Dauwalder et al., 1996, Mattox et al., 1996, Lopez, 1995, Mattox et al., 1996, Dauwalder and Mattox, 1996, Chandler et al., 1996, Wu et al., 1995, Curtis et al., 1995, McKeown, 1994, McGuffin and Mattox, 1995, Wayne et al., 1995, Cavener, 1992, Hazelrigg and Tu, 1994, Wilkins, 1995, Bownes, 1994, Oliver et al., 1993, Burtis, 1993, Truman et al., 1993, Fuller, 1993, Fukami-Kobayashi et al., 1993, Taylor, 1991, Kyriacou, 1992, Sanchez and Granadino, 1992, McKeown, 1992, McKeown and Madigan, 1992, Rio, 1992, Steinmann-Zwicky, 1992, Hodgkin, 1992, Mattox and Baker, 1991, Feng et al., 1991, Pauli and Mahowald, 1990, Hodgkin, 1990, Yanicostas and Lepesant, 1990, Mancebo et al., 1990, Mattox et al., 1990, Bownes et al., 1990, Amrein et al., 1990, Nothiger et al., 1989, Goralski et al., 1989, Nothiger et al., 1987, McLaren, 1987, Nothiger and Steinmann-Zwicky, 1987, Schupbach, 1982, Ota et al., 1981, Kiesler et al., 2005, Lazareva et al., 2007, Fortier and Belote, 2000, Saccone et al., 2008, Ruiz and Sanchez, 2010) Tra-2 (Smith and Valcarcel, 2000, Billeter et al., 2006, Borah et al., 2009) Tra2 (Qi and Mattox, 2005, Amrein et al., 1994, Blencowe, 2006, Lazareva et al., 2007, Sciabica and Hertel, 2006, Katzenberger et al., 2009, Herold et al., 2009) TRA-2 (Dauwalder and Mattox, 1998) TRA 2 (Hempel and Oliver, 2006) tra2 (Unni et al., 2003, Kobayashi et al., 2006, Buszczak et al., 2007, Qi et al., 2006, Casper and Van Doren, 2006, Kalamegham and Oliver, 2008, Dietzl et al., 2007, Lalli et al., 2003, Haag and Doty, 2005, Liu and Lehmann, 2008, Qi et al., 2007, Maxwell et al., 2008, Goldman and Arbeitman, 2007, Chandler et al., 2003, Yamamoto et al., 2004, Ruedi and Hughes, 2009, Tarone et al., 2005, Fan et al., 2010, McIntyre et al., 2006, Rideout et al., 2010, Graveley et al., 2011, Chatterjee et al., 2011, Graveley et al., 2011, Lowery et al., 2010) TRA2 (Kpebe and Rabinow, 2007, Lalli et al., 2003, Boucher et al., 2001)
Name Synonym	transformer-2 (Greenspan and Ferveur, 2000, Maxwell et al., 2008, Ruiz and Sanchez, 2010) transformer 2 (Kobayashi et al., 2006, Casper and Van Doren, 2006, Tadros et al., 2007, McIntyre et al., 2006, Chatterjee et al., 2011) Transformer-2 (Blencowe, 2006, Qi et al., 2006, Borah et al., 2009) Transformer 2 (Sciabica and Hertel, 2006) transformer2 (Lalli et al., 2003, Ruedi and Hughes, 2009, Tarone et al., 2005)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 268 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 268 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 143 ) Supplementary material  ( 4 ) Review  ( 66 ) Erratum  ( 1 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 5 ) Abstract  ( 35 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 3 ) Patent  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Computer file  ( 4 ) Book  ( 1 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 7 )
	Chatterjee et al., 2011, Development 138(6): 1099--1109 The female-specific Doublesex isoform regulates pleiotropic transcription factors to pattern genital development in Drosophila. [FBrf0213054] Graveley et al., 2011, Nature 471(7339): 473--479 The developmental transcriptome of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0213330] Blanco et al., 2010, BMC Dev. Biol. 10: 94 Gene expression following induction of regeneration in Drosophila wing imaginal discs. Expression profile of regenerating wing discs. [FBrf0211812] Fan et al., 2010, Genetics 184(1): 141--154 Drosophila translational elongation factor-1{gamma} is modified in response to DOA kinase activity and is essential for cellular viability. [FBrf0209673] Lowery et al., 2010, Genetics 185(4): 1311--1325 Parallel Genetic and Proteomic Screens Identify Msps as a CLASP-Abl Pathway Interactor in Drosophila. [FBrf0211499] Rideout et al., 2010, Nat. Neurosci. 13(4): 458--466 Control of sexual differentiation and behavior by the doublesex gene in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0210397] Ruiz and Sanchez, 2010, Int. J. Dev. Biol. 54(4): 627--633 Effect of the gene transformer of Anastrepha on the somatic sexual development of Drosophila. [FBrf0210169] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...