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Gene Dmel\βTub56D

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\βTub56D	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	β-Tubulin at 56D	Annotation symbol	CG9277
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0003887
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	6 publicly available
Also Known As	β1, betaTub56D, β-Tub, β-Tub56D, β1tub, Tub
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2R	Recombination map	2-
Cytogenetic map	56D7-56D8	Sequence location	2R:15,334,824..15,339,122 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene β-Tubulin at 56D is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\βTub56D (CG9277, FBgn0003887). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Based on sequence similarity, it is predicted to have molecular function: structural constituent of cytoskeleton; GTP binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: centrosome duplication. 18 alleles are reported. No phenotypic data is available. It has 4 annotated transcripts and 4 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Beta tubulin; Beta tubulin, autoregulation binding site; Tubulin; Tubulin, C-terminal; Tubulin, conserved site; Tubulin/FtsZ, 2-layer sandwich domain; Tubulin/FtsZ, C-terminal; Tubulin/FtsZ, GTPase domain. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of extremely high expression to a trough of very high expression. Peak expression observed within 00-18 hour embryonic stages, during early larval stages, at stages throughout the pupal period. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: High levels of expression observed in all larval and adult organs/tissues. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male reproductive system, larval/adult carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1636530_s_at completely aligns to an exonic region common to each of the 4 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of betaTub56D. Gene sequence location is 2R:15334824..15339122.
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	βTub56D (β1t) A structural gene for β-tubulin. Its mRNA is maternally stored in the oocytes and expressed in the nurse cells and in early embryos (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984; Gasch et al., 1988); at this stage, the transcripts are evenly distributed throughout the embryo, but later in development they are concentrated in the primordia of the nervous system and their derivatives (the supra-oesophageal ganglion and ventral nerve cord) and in the visceral mesoderm. Since βTub56D is expressed throughout development and in all adult tissues (Rudolph et al., 1987), βTub56D tubulin is probably involved in all the microtubular structures necessary for cell division and cell shape (Raff et al., 1982; Biolojan et al., 1984). It is the major β-tubulin of adult flies in all structures except the testis.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2011_10
FB2012_01	References Koppen et al., 2011, Proteomics 11(22): 4397--4410 Ardehali et al., 2011, EMBO J. 30(14): 2817--2828 Müller et al., 2010, EMBO J. 29(19): 3344--3357 Controlled Vocabulary Terms centrosome duplication Sequence features BKN28806 HFA07583
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 56D7-56D8   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}htsk06121 and P{lacW}l(2)k00705k00705&P{lacW}mei-W68k05603
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 56D-56D   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Gasch et al., 1988) 56D-56D   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Michiels et al., 1987) 56C-56C   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Bialojan et al., 1984) 56D-56D   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	2- (Horn et al., 2003)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\βTub56D for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) betaTub56D-RA FBtr0086537  NM_166356   1673   456 betaTub56D-RB FBtr0086536  NM_079071   1613   447 betaTub56D-RC FBtr0086538  NM_166357   1482   375 betaTub56D-RD FBtr0086539  NM_166355   1515   375
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	1.75 (northern blot) (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984) 1.8 (northern blot) (Bialojan et al., 1984, Michiels et al., 1987)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein betaTub56D-PA   FBpp0085721   51.3   456   4.65     NP_725896   AAF57556 betaTub56D-PB   FBpp0085720   50.1   447   4.49     NP_523795   AAF57555 betaTub56D-PC   FBpp0085722   42.2   375   4.50     NP_725897   AAN16133 betaTub56D-PD   FBpp0085723   42.2   375   4.50     NP_725895   AAN16132
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	447 (aa) (Michiels et al., 1987) 53 (kD observed) (Bialojan et al., 1984) 51, 48 (kD observed) (Walker, 1995)
Comments	The β tubulin βTub56D protein is shown to interact with microtubule motor proteins as well as the α tubulin subunit by chemical crosslinking. βTub56D and αTub84D form a complex of 106 or 101 kD, βTub56D and ncd form a complex of 95 kD while βTub56D and Khc form a complex of 82 kD. (Walker, 1995)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Tubulin (IPR000217) Beta tubulin (IPR002453) Tubulin/FtsZ, GTPase domain (IPR003008) Tubulin/FtsZ, C-terminal (IPR008280) Tubulin, conserved site (IPR017975) Tubulin/FtsZ, 2-layer sandwich domain (IPR018316) Beta tubulin, autoregulation binding site (IPR013838) Tubulin, C-terminal (IPR023123)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA201205   AA201219   AA201234   AA201251   AA201562   AA201598   AA201635   AA201645   AA201671   AA201816   AA201865   AA202020   AA202025   AA202148   AA202165   AA202293   AA202525   AA202744   AA202793   AA202869   AA202877   AA202917   AA202946   AA202974   AA246315   AA246521   AA246566   AA246581   AA246638   AA246736   AA246789   AA246814   AA246899   AA247068   AA263186   AA263195   AA263335   AA263338   AA263360   AA263470   AA263505   AA263614   AA263666   AA263762   AA263875   AA263999   AA264002   AA264117   AA264165   AA264315   AA264316   AA264371   AA264417   AA264448   AA264535   AA264726   AA264861   AA264920   AA264945   AA264966   AA390279   AA390362   AA390368   AA390481   AA390601   AA390695   AA390787   AA390818   AA390847   AA391204   AA391367   AA391835   AA391920   AA391950   AA392256   AA392461   AA392466   AA392506   AA392623   AA392747   AA392780   AA438387   AA438412   AA438425   AA438499   AA438554   AA438609   AA438899   AA439363   AA439379   AA439486   AA439585   AA439707   AA439922   AA440031   AA440122   AA440123   AA440421   AA440654   AA440853   AA441049   AA441229   AA441281   AA441298   AA441374   AA441437   AA441474   AA441540   AA441614   AA441622   AA536393   AA536477   AA536543   AA538679   AA538687   AA538717   AA538794   AA538826   AA538912   AA538958   AA539107   AA539184   AA539245   AA539519   AA539525   AA539571   AA539622   AA539648   AA539725   AA539736   AA539988   AA540070   AA540092   AA540135   AA540220   AA540340   AA540345   AA540393   AA540404   AA540417   AA540445   AA540567   AA540757   AA541157   AA541191   AA567117   AA567549   AA695186   AA695335   AA697480   AA697800   AA698087   AA735152   AA735398   AA735406   AA735623   AA802071   AA802148   AA802338   AA802874   AA802980   AA803546   AA804002   AA804128   AA816248   AA816368   AA816615   AA816659   AA816734   AA817039   AA817334   AA817397   AA820058   AA820085   AA820256   AA820278   AA820336   AA820357   AA820393   AA820424   AA820515   AA821076   AA821128   AA940585   AA940634   AA940928   AA940943   AA941043   AA941203   AA941234   AA941249   AA941343   AA941396   AA941436   AA941458   AA941473   AA941483   AA941544   AA941600   AA941708   AA941724   AA941933   AA941948   AA941970   AA941995   AA942025   AA942061   AA942084   AA942133   AA942152   AA942167   AA942198   AA942239   AA942249   AA942272   AA942314   AA942323   AA942403   AA942483   AA942489   AA942519   AA942554   AA942575   AA942580   AA948808   AA948870   AA948987   AA949045   AA949087   AA949103   AA949219   AA949289   AA949292   AA949293   AA949395   AA949400   AA949436   AA949484   AA949555   AA949688   AA949689   AA949788   AA949795   AA949848   AA949979   AA950071   AA950257   AA950382   AA950588   AA950692   AA950693   AA950713   AA950876   AA950917   AA950944   AA951027   AA951073   AA951079   AA951124   AA951326   AA951451   AA951521   AA951600   AA951626   AA951881   AA951918   AA951930   AA951984   AA952002   AA952125   AA952155   AA952191   AA952275   AA952294   AA978382   AA978417   AA978419   AA978420   AA978478   AA978481   AA978555   AA978688   AA978746   AA978806   AA978894   AA979109   AA979153   AA979177   AA979262   AA979282   AA979392   AA979702   AA990747   AA990788   AA990890   AE013599 AAF57555   AE013599 AAF57556   AE013599 AAN16132   AE013599 AAN16133   AI061790   AI061809   AI061973   AI062449   AI062987   AI063149   AI063287   AI064185   AI106891   AI106892   AI107022   AI107092   AI107834   AI108862   AI109893   AI110201   AI134045   AI134504   AI135001   AI135815   AI135849   AI238711   AI239078   AI239187   AI257178   AI258067   AI258153   AI258286   AI258604   AI258709   AI258947   AI259075   AI259104   AI259116   AI259266   AI259528   AI260066   AI260081   AI260649   AI292409   AI292789   AI292924   AI293474   AI293722   AI293749   AI293804   AI294575   AI294590   AI294869   AI295009   AI295144   AI295264   AI295562   AI295915   AI295987   AI296184   AI296371   AI296393   AI296637   AI296707   AI296802   AI296905   AI297005   AI297139   AI297146   AI297264   AI297274   AI297624   AI297627   AI297785   AI387706   AI388621   AI389308   AI390024   AI402512   AI403599   AI403802   AI405707   AI454962   AI455181   AI455646   AI455674   AI455675   AI455801   AI455915   AI455964   AI455985   AI456012   AI456026   AI456092   AI456132   AI456159   AI456450   AI456476   AI456519   AI456582   AI456632   AI456711   AI456770   AI456808   AI456837   AI456881   AI456907   AI456915   AI456983   AI456988   AI457005   AI457087   AI511710   AI511754   AI511779   AI511794   AI511807   AI511830   AI511890   AI511909   AI511935   AI511983   AI511989   AI512045   AI512077   AI512080   AI512095   AI512118   AI512129   AI512173   AI512213   AI512217   AI512356   AI512434   AI512507   AI512593   AI512666   AI512761   AI512944   AI513036   AI513190   AI513453   AI513878   AI513899   AI513939   AI513940   AI514314   AI514339   AI514367   AI514397   AI514481   AI514556   AI514562   AI514573   AI514614   AI514646   AI514724   AI514750   AI514855   AI514860   AI514915   AI515126   AI515412   AI515498   AI515506   AI515711   AI515727   AI515732   AI515750   AI515837   AI515951   AI515982   AI516021   AI516057   AI516071   AI516098   AI516283   AI516299   AI516337   AI516354   AI516437   AI516606   AI516629   AI516649   AI516707   AI516819   AI517257   AI517258   AI517595   AI517804   AI517902   AI518015   AI518029   AI518116   AI518127   AI518134   AI518155   AI518183   AI518204   AI518323   AI518374   AI518441   AI518468   AI518511   AI518736   AI518747   AI518770   AI518793   AI518804   AI518846   AI518854   AI518918   AI518921   AI519031   AI519113   AI519117   AI519169   AI519231   AI519253   AI519291   AI519394   AI519404   AI519410   AI519446   AI519472   AI519493   AI519561   AI519631   AI519672   AI519716   AI519818   AI519964   AI520029   AI520142   AI520149   AI520153   AI520328   AI520421   AI520484   AI520615   AI531452   AI531741   AI531832   AI533149   AI533752   AI533900   AI534391   AI534442   AI534943   AI541738   AI542748   AI542848   AI542904   AI543082   AI543193   AI543814   AI543849   AI543859   AI543882   AI543921   AI543932   AI543995   AI544003   AI544043   AI544056   AI544071   AI544115   AI544189   AI544214   AI544229   AI544433   AI546094   AI546099   AI546141   AI546357   AI546424   AI546429   AI546463   AI546465   AI546503   AI546685   AK255139   AK255735   AK272968   AK278896   AK281162   AK281618   AK281772   AK281795   AK282807   AK282976   AK283254   AK283393   AK283684   AK283922   AK284028   AQ073751   AQ073752   AY118611   AY118725   AY231753   BF489976   BF497032   BG638882   BG638893   BI162045   BI242408   BI633996   BP541082   BP543939   BP545109   BP545110   BP545483   BP545484   BP547858   BP549045   BP549618   BP549619   BP549715   BP549716   BP551068   BP551198   BP551327   BP551328   BP552160   BP552161   BP553245   BP553246   BP553790   BP553791   BP554641   BP554679   BP555631   BP555719   BP555720   BP556887   BP556985   BP557283   BP559679   BP559680   BQ103071   BQ103498   BT003242 AAO24999   BT015991   BT125650   BX032959   BX033714   BX043950   BX052775   BX056514   BX060529   BX060680   CA803686   CA804275   CA806696   CA807285   CO179859   CO185805   CO188314   CO196487   CO287069   CO306193   CO316542   CO319151   CO337101   CO342413   CZ475675   CZ481764   CZ481988   CZ481989   DQ675544   EC053989   EC054307   EC054797   EC058568   EC066518   EC068468   EC074445   EC194644   EC196799   EC196832   EC203299   EC205284   EC205723   EC208093   EC211451   EC218168   EC227421   EC227526   EC227569   EC231130   EC239022   EC242643   EC247305   EC260988   EC261825   EC262814   EC262962   EC264483   EC264500   EC265006   EC265533   EC265655   EC266511   EC267235   EC267628   EF070480   EF091947   EF207965   EL870736   EL870737   EL873206   EL873207   EL873297   EL873298   EL876270   EL876271   EL876417   EL876418   ES688809   ES690065   ES690066   ES690067   ES690071   ES690072   ES690073   ES690074   ES690075   ES690079   ES690081   ES690083   ES690084   ES690088   ES690089   ES690090   ES690092   ES690093   ES690097   ES690098   ES690100   ES690104   ES690105   ES690107   ES690110   ES690114   ES690117   ES690123   ES690128   ES690129   ES690130   ES690133   ES690135   ES690137   ES690138   ES691464   ES691486   ES691493   ES691941   ES691978   ES692125   ES692126   ES692127   ES692128   ES692132   ES692134   ES692135   ES692136   ES692138   ES692140   ES692141   ES692143   ES692144   ES692145   ES692146   ES692147   ES692149   ES692151   ES692154   ES692155   ES692157   ES692158   ES692159   ES692162   ES692164   ES692165   ES692167   ES692168   ES692169   ES692170   ES692171   ES692172   ES692173   ES692174   ES692175   ES692176   ES692178   ES692179   ES692180   ES692184   ES692185   ES692202   ES692206   ES692781   ES692783   ES692786   ES692787   ES692794   EV586733   EV586802   EV588461   EV591012   EV592065   EV592661   EV592665   EV594514   EV595483   EV596092   EV599016   EV599305   GH749162   GH752460   GH753068   GH754143   GH754721   GH754944   GH755951   GH755999   GH758657   GH760560   GH770602   GH773227   GH777297   GH783025   GH783325   GH783855   GH788503   GH793639   GH796691   GH797199   GH802890   GH805992   GH806662   GH806906   GH816081   GH816082   GH818298   GH818699   GH820207   GH820556   GH826198   GH826326   GH827649   GH827793   GH832636   GH837304   GH837425   GH840422   GH841101   GH844029   GH844582   GH844653   GH845340   GH848234   GH848268   GH857797   GH859031   GH861144   GH861259   GH861344   GH867190   GH867352   GH867915   GH876480   GH877472   GH881386   GH890281   GH890577   GH891082   GH892751   GH897512   GH900761   GH901758   GH903841   GH904339   GH905150   GH906995   GH909048   GH910915   GH911010   GH912143   GH915164   GH918290   GH918896   GH919015   GH919242   GH923366   GH924528   GH925998   GH926846   GH929321   GH929877   GH937168   GH937891   GH938620   GU983915   M20419 AAA28989   X69560
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	Q24560
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	A1ZBL0 A1ZBL1
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   lch5 ligament attachment cell   (Inbal et al., 2004) embryonic stage 8     (Buttgereit et al., 1991) embryonic stage 11   central nervous system   (Buttgereit et al., 1991) embryonic stage 16   scolopidial ligament cell | subset   (Inbal et al., 2004) lch5 cap attachment cell   (Inbal et al., 2004) scolopidial neuron | faint & subset   (Inbal et al., 2004) prepupal stage   wing disc   (Kimble et al., 1989) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage -- adult stage     (Bialojan et al., 1984) embryonic stage 1 -- 17     (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984) Comment:reference states 0-21 hr AEL first instar larval stage     (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984) second instar larval stage     (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984) third instar larval stage     (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984) prepupal stage     (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984) pupal stage     (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984) radioisotope in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | early     (Gasch et al., 1988) embryonic stage 11   ventral neurogenic region | restricted   (Gasch et al., 1988) embryonic stage 13   supraesophageal ganglion   (Gasch et al., 1988) ventral nerve cord   (Gasch et al., 1988) embryonic stage 17   apodeme   (Gasch et al., 1988)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference wandering third instar larval stage   neuromuscular junction   • microtubule of axon (Trotta et al., 2004) Comment:not in synaptic boutons muscle cell   (Trotta et al., 2004) mass spectroscopy Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male   spermatozoon   (Dorus et al., 2006, Wasbrough et al., 2010) day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood   adult heart   (Cammarato et al., 2011) western blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 17     (Buttgereit et al., 1991) Comment:reference states 0-19 hr AEL first instar larval stage     (Buttgereit et al., 1991) prepupal stage P1 -- pharate adult stage P15   organism   (Buttgereit et al., 1991) Comment:0-96 hr APF adult stage | male   testis   (Buttgereit et al., 1991)   (Buttgereit et al., 1991) adult stage | female     (Buttgereit et al., 1991) oogenesis & adult stage | female   ovary   (Buttgereit et al., 1991)
Additional Descriptive Data
	localization of acetylated or glutamylated tubulin detected; found only in stabilized microtubules. (Trotta et al., 2004) Highest levels of βTub56D protein are detected at 26-96 hours of pupation. (Buttgereit et al., 1991)
Marker for
	microtubule &&of neuromuscular junction
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0003887    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0003887 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of extremely high expression to a trough of very high expression. Peak expression observed within 00-18 hour embryonic stages, during early larval stages, at stages throughout the pupal period. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0003887 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    158786 embryo 02-04hr    256483 embryo 04-06hr    317750 embryo 06-08hr    289025 embryo 08-10hr    162953 embryo 10-12hr    118310 embryo 12-14hr    61002 embryo 14-16hr    110455 embryo 16-18hr    85866 embryo 18-20hr    75796 embryo 20-22hr    51695 embryo 22-24hr    43679 larva L1    73137 larva L2    118787 larva L3 12hr old    97349 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    88962 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    94427 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    93444 white prepupae new    89039 white prepupae 12hr    86513 white prepupae 24hr    134927 pupae 2d postWPP    119073 pupae 3d postWPP    84321 pupae 4d postWPP    81333 adult male 01day    29822 adult male 05day    25898 adult male 30day    30839 adult female 01day    81247 adult female 05day    80762 adult female 30day    83362 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (158786) embryo 02-04hr  (256483) embryo 04-06hr  (317750) embryo 06-08hr  (289025) embryo 08-10hr  (162953) embryo 10-12hr  (118310) embryo 12-14hr  (61002) embryo 14-16hr  (110455) embryo 16-18hr  (85866) embryo 18-20hr  (75796) embryo 20-22hr  (51695) embryo 22-24hr  (43679) larva L1  (73137) larva L2  (118787) larva L3 12hr old  (97349) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (88962) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (94427) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (93444) white prepupae new  (89039) white prepupae 12hr  (86513) white prepupae 24hr  (134927) pupae 2d postWPP  (119073) pupae 3d postWPP  (84321) pupae 4d postWPP  (81333) adult male 01day  (29822) adult male 05day  (25898) adult male 30day  (30839) adult female 01day  (81247) adult female 05day  (80762) adult female 30day  (83362) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (158786) embryo 02-04hr  (256483) embryo 04-06hr  (317750) embryo 06-08hr  (289025) embryo 08-10hr  (162953) embryo 10-12hr  (118310) embryo 12-14hr  (61002) embryo 14-16hr  (110455) embryo 16-18hr  (85866) embryo 18-20hr  (75796) embryo 20-22hr  (51695) embryo 22-24hr  (43679) larva L1  (73137) larva L2  (118787) larva L3 12hr old  (97349) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (88962) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (94427) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (93444) white prepupae new  (89039) white prepupae 12hr  (86513) white prepupae 24hr  (134927) pupae 2d postWPP  (119073) pupae 3d postWPP  (84321) pupae 4d postWPP  (81333) adult male 01day  (29822) adult male 05day  (25898) adult male 30day  (30839) adult female 01day  (81247) adult female 05day  (80762) adult female 30day  (83362) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (158786) embryo 02-04hr  (256483) embryo 04-06hr  (317750) embryo 06-08hr  (289025) embryo 08-10hr  (162953) embryo 10-12hr  (118310) embryo 12-14hr  (61002) embryo 14-16hr  (110455) embryo 16-18hr  (85866) embryo 18-20hr  (75796) embryo 20-22hr  (51695) embryo 22-24hr  (43679) larva L1  (73137) larva L2  (118787) larva L3 12hr old  (97349) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (88962) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (94427) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (93444) white prepupae new  (89039) white prepupae 12hr  (86513) white prepupae 24hr  (134927) pupae 2d postWPP  (119073) pupae 3d postWPP  (84321) pupae 4d postWPP  (81333) adult male 01day  (29822) adult male 05day  (25898) adult male 30day  (30839) adult female 01day  (81247) adult female 05day  (80762) adult female 30day  (83362) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    158786 embryo 02-04hr    256483 embryo 04-06hr    317750 embryo 06-08hr    289025 embryo 08-10hr    162953 embryo 10-12hr    118310 embryo 12-14hr    61002 embryo 14-16hr    110455 embryo 16-18hr    85866 embryo 18-20hr    75796 embryo 20-22hr    51695 embryo 22-24hr    43679 larva L1    73137 larva L2    118787 larva L3 12hr old    97349 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    88962 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    94427 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    93444 white prepupae new    89039 white prepupae 12hr    86513 white prepupae 24hr    134927 pupae 2d postWPP    119073 pupae 3d postWPP    84321 pupae 4d postWPP    81333 adult male 01day    29822 adult male 05day    25898 adult male 30day    30839 adult female 01day    81247 adult female 05day    80762 adult female 30day    83362 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0003887 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    158786 embryo 02-04hr    256483 embryo 04-06hr    317750 embryo 06-08hr    289025 embryo 08-10hr    162953 embryo 10-12hr    118310 embryo 12-14hr    61002 embryo 14-16hr    110455 embryo 16-18hr    85866 embryo 18-20hr    75796 embryo 20-22hr    51695 embryo 22-24hr    43679 larva L1    73137 larva L2    118787 larva L3 12hr old    97349 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    88962 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    94427 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    93444 white prepupae new    89039 white prepupae 12hr    86513 white prepupae 24hr    134927 pupae 2d postWPP    119073 pupae 3d postWPP    84321 pupae 4d postWPP    81333 adult male 01day    29822 adult male 05day    25898 adult male 30day    30839 adult female 01day    81247 adult female 05day    80762 adult female 30day    83362 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (158786) embryo 02-04hr  (256483) embryo 04-06hr  (317750) embryo 06-08hr  (289025) embryo 08-10hr  (162953) embryo 10-12hr  (118310) embryo 12-14hr  (61002) embryo 14-16hr  (110455) embryo 16-18hr  (85866) embryo 18-20hr  (75796) embryo 20-22hr  (51695) embryo 22-24hr  (43679) larva L1  (73137) larva L2  (118787) larva L3 12hr old  (97349) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (88962) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (94427) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (93444) white prepupae new  (89039) white prepupae 12hr  (86513) white prepupae 24hr  (134927) pupae 2d postWPP  (119073) pupae 3d postWPP  (84321) pupae 4d postWPP  (81333) adult male 01day  (29822) adult male 05day  (25898) adult male 30day  (30839) adult female 01day  (81247) adult female 05day  (80762) adult female 30day  (83362) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (158786) embryo 02-04hr  (256483) embryo 04-06hr  (317750) embryo 06-08hr  (289025) embryo 08-10hr  (162953) embryo 10-12hr  (118310) embryo 12-14hr  (61002) embryo 14-16hr  (110455) embryo 16-18hr  (85866) embryo 18-20hr  (75796) embryo 20-22hr  (51695) embryo 22-24hr  (43679) larva L1  (73137) larva L2  (118787) larva L3 12hr old  (97349) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (88962) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (94427) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (93444) white prepupae new  (89039) white prepupae 12hr  (86513) white prepupae 24hr  (134927) pupae 2d postWPP  (119073) pupae 3d postWPP  (84321) pupae 4d postWPP  (81333) adult male 01day  (29822) adult male 05day  (25898) adult male 30day  (30839) adult female 01day  (81247) adult female 05day  (80762) adult female 30day  (83362) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (158786) embryo 02-04hr  (256483) embryo 04-06hr  (317750) embryo 06-08hr  (289025) embryo 08-10hr  (162953) embryo 10-12hr  (118310) embryo 12-14hr  (61002) embryo 14-16hr  (110455) embryo 16-18hr  (85866) embryo 18-20hr  (75796) embryo 20-22hr  (51695) embryo 22-24hr  (43679) larva L1  (73137) larva L2  (118787) larva L3 12hr old  (97349) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (88962) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (94427) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (93444) white prepupae new  (89039) white prepupae 12hr  (86513) white prepupae 24hr  (134927) pupae 2d postWPP  (119073) pupae 3d postWPP  (84321) pupae 4d postWPP  (81333) adult male 01day  (29822) adult male 05day  (25898) adult male 30day  (30839) adult female 01day  (81247) adult female 05day  (80762) adult female 30day  (83362) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    158786 embryo 02-04hr    256483 embryo 04-06hr    317750 embryo 06-08hr    289025 embryo 08-10hr    162953 embryo 10-12hr    118310 embryo 12-14hr    61002 embryo 14-16hr    110455 embryo 16-18hr    85866 embryo 18-20hr    75796 embryo 20-22hr    51695 embryo 22-24hr    43679 larva L1    73137 larva L2    118787 larva L3 12hr old    97349 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    88962 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    94427 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    93444 white prepupae new    89039 white prepupae 12hr    86513 white prepupae 24hr    134927 pupae 2d postWPP    119073 pupae 3d postWPP    84321 pupae 4d postWPP    81333 adult male 01day    29822 adult male 05day    25898 adult male 30day    30839 adult female 01day    81247 adult female 05day    80762 adult female 30day    83362 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0003887    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0003887 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: High levels of expression observed in all larval and adult organs/tissues. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male reproductive system, larval/adult carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0003887 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2345.45 Larval Midgut    2312.8 Larval Hindgut    3437.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1705.7 Larval Fat Body    958.1 Larval Salivary Gland    4044.6 Larval Trachea    4703.925 Larval Carcass    3582.125 Adult Head    1162.4 Adult Eye    787 Adult Brain    1574.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    2611.4 Adult Crop    2295.4 Adult Midgut    1116.8 Adult Hindgut    1870.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    622.5 Adult Fat Body    822.3 Adult Salivary Gland    849.5 Adult Heart    753.9 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    1197.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1682.9 Adult Ovary    2174 Adult Testis    518.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1233.7 Adult Carcass    1125 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (2345.45) Larval Midgut  (2312.8) Larval Hindgut  (3437.3) Larval Malpighian Tubules  (1705.7) Larval Fat Body  (958.1) Larval Salivary Gland  (4044.6) Larval Trachea  (4703.925) Larval Carcass  (3582.125) Adult Head  (1162.4) Adult Eye  (787) Adult Brain  (1574.5) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (2611.4) Adult Crop  (2295.4) Adult Midgut  (1116.8) Adult Hindgut  (1870.1) Adult Malpighian Tubules  (622.5) Adult Fat Body  (822.3) Adult Salivary Gland  (849.5) Adult Heart  (753.9) Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  (1197.3) Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca  (1682.9) Adult Ovary  (2174) Adult Testis  518.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland  (1233.7) Adult Carcass  (1125) Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (2345.45) Larval Midgut  (2312.8) Larval Hindgut  (3437.3) Larval Malpighian Tubules  (1705.7) Larval Fat Body    958.1 Larval Salivary Gland  (4044.6) Larval Trachea  (4703.925) Larval Carcass  (3582.125) Adult Head  (1162.4) Adult Eye    787 Adult Brain  (1574.5) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (2611.4) Adult Crop  (2295.4) Adult Midgut  (1116.8) Adult Hindgut  (1870.1) Adult Malpighian Tubules    622.5 Adult Fat Body    822.3 Adult Salivary Gland    849.5 Adult Heart    753.9 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  (1197.3) Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca  (1682.9) Adult Ovary  (2174) Adult Testis    518.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland  (1233.7) Adult Carcass  (1125) Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2345.45 Larval Midgut    2312.8 Larval Hindgut    3437.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1705.7 Larval Fat Body    958.1 Larval Salivary Gland    4044.6 Larval Trachea    4703.925 Larval Carcass    3582.125 Adult Head    1162.4 Adult Eye    787 Adult Brain    1574.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    2611.4 Adult Crop    2295.4 Adult Midgut    1116.8 Adult Hindgut    1870.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    622.5 Adult Fat Body    822.3 Adult Salivary Gland    849.5 Adult Heart    753.9 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    1197.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1682.9 Adult Ovary    2174 Adult Testis    518.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1233.7 Adult Carcass    1125 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0003887 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2345.45 Larval Midgut    2312.8 Larval Hindgut    3437.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1705.7 Larval Fat Body    958.1 Larval Salivary Gland    4044.6 Larval Trachea    4703.925 Larval Carcass    3582.125 Adult Head    1162.4 Adult Eye    787 Adult Brain    1574.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    2611.4 Adult Crop    2295.4 Adult Midgut    1116.8 Adult Hindgut    1870.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    622.5 Adult Fat Body    822.3 Adult Salivary Gland    849.5 Adult Heart    753.9 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    1197.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1682.9 Adult Ovary    2174 Adult Testis    518.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1233.7 Adult Carcass    1125 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (2345.45) Larval Midgut  (2312.8) Larval Hindgut  (3437.3) Larval Malpighian Tubules  (1705.7) Larval Fat Body  (958.1) Larval Salivary Gland  (4044.6) Larval Trachea  (4703.925) Larval Carcass  (3582.125) Adult Head  (1162.4) Adult Eye  787 Adult Brain  (1574.5) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (2611.4) Adult Crop  (2295.4) Adult Midgut  (1116.8) Adult Hindgut  (1870.1) Adult Malpighian Tubules  622.5 Adult Fat Body  (822.3) Adult Salivary Gland  (849.5) Adult Heart  753.9 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  (1197.3) Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca  (1682.9) Adult Ovary  (2174) Adult Testis  518.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland  (1233.7) Adult Carcass  (1125) Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (2345.45) Larval Midgut  (2312.8) Larval Hindgut  (3437.3) Larval Malpighian Tubules  1705.7 Larval Fat Body    958.1 Larval Salivary Gland  (4044.6) Larval Trachea  (4703.925) Larval Carcass  (3582.125) Adult Head  1162.4 Adult Eye    787 Adult Brain  1574.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (2611.4) Adult Crop  (2295.4) Adult Midgut  1116.8 Adult Hindgut  (1870.1) Adult Malpighian Tubules    622.5 Adult Fat Body    822.3 Adult Salivary Gland    849.5 Adult Heart    753.9 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  1197.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca  1682.9 Adult Ovary  (2174) Adult Testis    518.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland  1233.7 Adult Carcass  1125 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2345.45 Larval Midgut    2312.8 Larval Hindgut    3437.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1705.7 Larval Fat Body    958.1 Larval Salivary Gland    4044.6 Larval Trachea    4703.925 Larval Carcass    3582.125 Adult Head    1162.4 Adult Eye    787 Adult Brain    1574.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    2611.4 Adult Crop    2295.4 Adult Midgut    1116.8 Adult Hindgut    1870.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    622.5 Adult Fat Body    822.3 Adult Salivary Gland    849.5 Adult Heart    753.9 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    1197.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1682.9 Adult Ovary    2174 Adult Testis    518.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1233.7 Adult Carcass    1125 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    1162.4   NA  Eye    787   NA  Brain    1574.5   2345.45  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    2611.4   NA  Crop    2295.4   2312.8  Midgut    1116.8   3437.3  Hindgut    1870.1   1705.7  Malpighian Tubules    622.5   958.1  Fat Body    822.3   4044.6  Salivary Gland    849.5   NA  Heart    753.9   4703.925  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    1197.3   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1682.9   NA  Ovary    2174   NA  Testis    518.4   NA  Male Accessory Gland    1233.7   3582.125  Carcass    1125 modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_03
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003887 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG9277-RB FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for βTub56D Stages(s) 4-6 Stages(s) 11-12
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal βTub56DCC02069 βTub56DGSG5793 lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 βTub56DGD14171 lethal | recessive βTub56D127 Sterility Allele fertile βTub56DβTub85D.PK male fertile βTub56DβTub85D.PR Phenotype manifest in Allele
Classical Alleles ( 11 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of βTub56D Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion βTub56DCB-5701-3 1 -- βTub56Dd07340 P-element activity 1 -- βTub56De00567 1 -- βTub56DEY21785 P-element activity 1 -- βTub56D127 piggyBac transposase 0 Yes βTub56DCC02069 P-element activity 0 Yes βTub56De04006 piggyBac transposase 0 -- βTub56De04244 piggyBac transposase 0 -- βTub56DEP2640 P-element activity 0 -- βTub56DGSG5793 0 Yes βTub56DSH0137 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of βTub56D Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion βTub56DGD14171 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes βTub56DGL00380 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes βTub56DKK108806 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes βTub56Dβ1-β2.ii in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes βTub56DβTub85D.int in vitro construct 0 Yes βTub56DβTub85D.PK in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes βTub56DβTub85D.PR in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data reporter construct P{lacZβTub56D.AC3} No P{lacZβTub56D.ACO} No P{lacZβTub56D.AS1} No P{lacZβTub56D.AS2} No P{lacZβTub56D.AS3} No P{lacZβTub56D.CP} No P{lacZβTub56D.NC} No P{lacZβTub56D.NN} No P{Mut111} No P{Mut211} No P{Mut212} No P{WΔ1AS1} No P{WΔ1AS2} No P{WΔ1AS3} No P{WΔ1C} No P{WΔ1HI} No P{WΔ1HII} No P{WΔ1K} No P{WΔ1KN} No P{WΔ1KO} No P{WΔ1KP} No P{WΔ1L} No P{Wβ1C} No P{Wβ1K} No P{Wβ1L} No P{β1-1} No P{β1-2} No P{β1-3} No P{β1-4} No P{β1-7} No P{β1-8} No P{β1-9} No P{β1-10} No P{β1-11} No P{β1Tub-lacZ} No P{β1TubΔ1-lacZ} No P{β1TubΔint-lacZ} No P{β1WHI} No P{β1WHII} No characterization construct P{β2-β1} NA P{βTub56D1-βTub85D2.i} NA P{βTub56D1-βTub85D2.iii} NA P{βTub56D1-βTub85D2.iv} NA P{βTub85D-βTub56D.int} NA P{βTub85D-βTub56D.R} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{EP}βTub56DEP2640 NA P{EPgy2}βTub56DEY21785 NA P{XP}βTub56Dd07340 NA miscellaneous insertions P{PTT-GC}βTub56DCC02069 NA P{RS3}βTub56DCB-5701-3 NA P{Switch2}βTub56DGSG5793 NA PBac{RB}βTub56De00567 NA PBac{RB}βTub56De04006 NA PBac{RB}βTub56De04244 NA insertion of enhancer trap P{lacW}l(2)SH1612SH1612 No P{lacW}βTub56DSH0137 No insertion of enhancer trap binary system PBac{GAL4D,EYFP}βTub56D127 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 12 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
centrosome duplication inferred from mutant phenotype (Müller et al., 2010)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
microtubule inferred from direct assay (Hoyle et al., 2000)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 11 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
GTPase activity inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR008280, InterPro:IPR018316 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) GTP binding inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P05218 (assigned by UniProtKB) (Michiels et al., 1987) structural constituent of cytoskeleton inferred by curator from GO:0045298 (assigned by UniProtKB) (Michiels et al., 1987) inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000, Hoyle et al., 2000) structural molecule activity inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002453 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
GTP catabolic process inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR008280, InterPro:IPR018316 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) microtubule-based movement inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002453 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) microtubule-based process inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P05218 (assigned by UniProtKB) (Michiels et al., 1987) muscle attachment traceable author statement (Bate et al., 1999) protein polymerization inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003008, InterPro:IPR008280, InterPro:IPR018316 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
microtubule inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000) non-traceable author statement (Kondylis et al., 2001) tubulin complex inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P05218 (assigned by UniProtKB) (Michiels et al., 1987)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions βTub56D allele Gene References βTub56DβTub85D.PR βTub85D (Hoyle et al., 2001)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 62900 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0003887 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003887 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 37238
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF12605 Dere\GG20906 Dgri\GH20203 Dmoj\GI20729 Dper\GL16725 Dpse\GA27686 Dsec\GM19828 Dsim\GD25319 Dvir\GJ20466 Dwil\GK15706 Dyak\βTub56D
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Daur\βTub56D   Dbio\βTub56D   Dbir\βTub56D   Ddip\βTub56D   Dhyd\βTub56D   Djam\βTub56D   Dkik\βTub56D   Dqua\βTub56D   Dseg\βTub56D   Dser\βTub56D   Dtra\βTub56D   Dvul\βTub56D   Dyak\βTub56D
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL002851-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP010929-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) ENSCAFP00000013761 Canis familiaris (dog) Chro.60548 Cryptosporidium hominis (obligate parasite) CPIJ003260 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSOANP00000013354 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) XP_967267.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • FBgn0113090 CPIJ003259 CPIJ003260
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 6 )
Bloomington	35815 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.GL00380}attP2 22507 y1 w67c23; P{EPgy2}βTub56DEY21785
Harvard	- P{XP}βTub56Dd07340 - PBac{RB}βTub56De00567
Kyoto	123765 w1118; P{RS3}βTub56DCB-5701-3
VDRC	v24138 w1118; P{GD14171}v24138
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR25K02 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 757 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GH02051 GH12877 LD43681 LP10436 RE53159
Other clones	DPiM_GH02051 yak-em_betaTub56D
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT26230 GH15303 GH27941 GH27942 GM01137 GM02374 GM02624 GM03813 GM03926 GM04225 GM05629 GM06189 GM06494 GM06704 GM12504 GM12918 GM13452 GM14650 HL03756 LD02280 LD03213 LD03444 LD04111 LD04188 LD04765 LD06419 LD06830 LD07304 LD07563 LD08753 LD08835 LD09030 LD09538 LD10507 LD10829 LD12686 LD12926 LD13934 LD14342 LD15106 LD15509 LD16159 LD16515 LD17107 LD17686 LD17701 LD18309 LD18444 LD19519 LD19633 LD19807 LD19938 LD20559 LD21651 LD22233 LD23267 LD23812 LD25573 LD26272 LD26380 LD28285 LD28403 LD29230 LD29389 LD30528 LD30529 LD31223 LD31285 LD32030 LD32259 LD33083 LD34595 LD35176 LD35261 LD35314 LD35715 LD35766 LD35847 LD35933 LD35987 LD36826 LD37181 LD37387 LD38106 LD38482 LD38537 LD38823 LD38901 LD39001 LD39411 LD40455 LD40884 LD41380 LD41412 LD41820 LD42125 LD42687 LD43040 LD43261 LD43771 LD43795 LD44210 LD45252 LD46096 LD46147 LD46429 LD46548 LD46824 LP01437 LP05475 LP07981 LP09234 LP09680 LP10238 LP11375 LP11382 LP11541 SD01237 SD02501 SD02988 SD03108 SD04875 SD05710 SD05878 SD06858 SD07201 SD07262 SD09202 SD09338 SD09418 SD09676 SD09870 SD10404 SD10982 SD28223
Other clones	56572 61182 76194 125575 161587 175226 176954 178036 276724 521780 521981 522043 522707 523043 523633 523946 524095 524509 525511 528032 542697 AT11082 CK01.6A.A10 CK01.10B.A9 CK01.52C.D3 CK01.82B.D11 CK01.103A.A10 CK01.104B.D11 CK01.105A.F3 CK01.116A.D12 Dmel_neb_009022_0119_3121 Dmel_neb_009542_0932_0600 Dmel_neb_010493_0073_2318 Dmel_neb_011089_0160_1183 Dmel_neb_012379_0630_2379 Dmel_neb_012738_0595_1223 Dmel_neb_014306_0625_2784 Dmel_neb_014364_0855_2655 Dmel_neb_014933_0583_1119 Dmel_neb_015058_0575_3182 Dmel_neb_015823_0378_1170 Dmel_neb_016118_0569_1180 EC00373 EC053989 EC054307 EC054797 EK004836 EK012536 EK039202 EK064816 EK250501 EK265226 EK276412 EN13833 EP14856 ESG014c.E21_F04 ESG017b.E21_C09 ESG0110a.E21_E05 ESG0112d.B21_E06 FGA010D11 FGC023C01 FGC029E07 FGC031E09 FGH121D11 FGM003D01 FGM102E02 FGM103A10 FGM210G05 FGM211E08 FGM212C05 FGM217B10 FGM223D07 FGM226C10 FGM230H12 FGM231B07 FGM236C09 FGM236G07 FGM306B01 FGM306F09 FGM308D08 FGM322C07 GH01659 GH02383 GH02662 GH04467 GH05692 GH06141 GH06142 GH06307 GH06386 GH08164 GH09283 GH09750 GH11387 GH11986 GH12610 GH13705 GH13748 GH14810 GH15255 GH15779 GH15959 GH18314 GH19578 GH20447 GH21470 GH21747 GH23072 GH23316 GH25820 GH28618 GH28866 HL01438 HL02589 HL03179 IP02805 IP05044 IP05144 IP06139 IP06339 LD01022 LD01308 LD01390 LD01442 LD01655 LD01840 LD02273 LD02444 LD02733 LD02768 LD02962 LD03190 LD03223 LD03333 LD03389 LD03433 LD03621 LD03627 LD03782 LD03966 LD04142 LD04147 LD04532 LD04677 LD04701 LD04773 LD05082 LD05089 LD05119 LD05334 LD05341 LD05459 LD05559 LD05668 LD05731 LD05909 LD05988 LD06288 LD06431 LD06442 LD06482 LD06563 LD06735 LD07053 LD07151 LD07280 LD07373 LD07565 LD07689 LD07749 LD07915 LD08016 LD08119 LD08171 LD08569 LD08611 LD08663 LD08672 LD08764 LD08986 LD09050 LD09159 LD09661 LD09774 LD10374 LD10428 LD10730 LD10881 LD11082 LD11334 LD11339 LD11428 LD11883 LD11902 LD12355 LD12507 LD12656 LD12895 LD13283 LD13913 LD14069 LD14192 LD14627 LD14715 LD14716 LD15014 LD15789 LD15821 LD15984 LD16181 LD16283 LD16368 LD16425 LD16606 LD16618 LD16987 LD17194 LD17766 LD17875 LD17926 LD18033 LD18056 LD18263 LD18272 LD18402 LD18574 LD18638 LD18822 LD18838 LD18920 LD19304 LD19421 LD19450 LD19801 LD19871 LD19887 LD19904 LD20289 LD20985 LD21027 LD21246 LD21258 LD21634 LD22036 LD22135 LD22580 LD22663 LD23287 LD23775 LD23904 LD23933 LD23979 LD24038 LD24288 LD24313 LD25206 LD25264 LD25284 LD25440 LD25524 LD25609 LD25633 LD25647 LD25693 LD25732 LD25819 LD26029 LD26078 LD26118 LD26183 LD26216 LD26234 LD26335 LD26352 LD26444 LD26457 LD26589 LD26727 LD26734 LD26779 LD26844 LD26881 LD26889 LD27074 LD27092 LD27280 LD27308 LD27338 LD27355 LD27372 LD27457 LD27543 LD27711 LD27788 LD27846 LD27867 LD28032 LD28123 LD28130 LD28131 LD28276 LD28565 LD28750 LD28920 LD28978 LD29002 LD29191 LD29277 LD29417 LD29443 LD29509 LD29666 LD29667 LD29805 LD29814 LD29887 LD30034 LD30445 LD30526 LD30669 LD30670 LD30703 LD30708 LD30813 LD31034 LD31084 LD31129 LD31355 LD31363 LD31433 LD31734 LD31917 LD32218 LD32666 LD32746 LD32789 LD32828 LD32842 LD32971 LD33374 LD33432 LD33466 LD33632 LD33658 LD33729 LD33940 LD34296 LD34665 LD34908 LD34945 LD35086 LD35203 LD35251 LD35315 LD35501 LD35647 LD35824 LD36020 LD36262 LD36474 LD36508 LD36563 LD36649 LD36716 LD36892 LD36941 LD36979 LD37041 LD37073 LD37081 LD37174 LD37209 LD37411 LD37430 LD37539 LD37550 LD37559 LD37583 LD37626 LD37649 LD37804 LD37865 LD37953 LD37991 LD38051 LD38103 LD38129 LD38443 LD38457 LD38529 LD38555 LD38615 LD38639 LD38647 LD38748 LD38773 LD38974 LD39008 LD39049 LD39078 LD39109 LD39190 LD39284 LD39337 LD39622 LD39847 LD39958 LD40092 LD40148 LD40190 LD40209 LD40213 LD40275 LD40577 LD40658 LD40822 LD40849 LD41002 LD41104 LD41113 LD41129 LD41223 LD41280 LD41285 LD41360 LD41385 LD41519 LD41668 LD41710 LD41755 LD41793 LD41853 LD42096 LD42172 LD42195 LD42308 LD42530 LD42557 LD42584 LD42894 LD43202 LD43301 LD43318 LD43335 LD43362 LD43448 LD43478 LD43517 LD43574 LD43580 LD43764 LD43843 LD43862 LD43923 LD43977 LD43981 LD44311 LD44402 LD44510 LD44596 LD44774 LD45092 LD45392 LD45509 LD45521 LD45546 LD45608 LD45623 LD45729 LD45903 LD45942 LD45980 LD45981 LD46010 LD46018 LD46064 LD46079 LD46188 LD46232 LD46349 LD47233 LD47356 LD47369 LD47642 LD47670 LD47691 LD47917 LD47992 LD48003 LD48044 LD48047 LD48095 LP01157 LP01277 LP01836 LP01965 LP02256 LP02404 LP02438 LP02453 LP02643 LP02960 LP03745 LP03763 LP04601 LP06629 LP06923 LP06955 LP07029 LP08004 LP08343 LP08518 LP08689 LP08846 LP09766 LP10018 LP10263 LP10604 LP10713 LP10884 LP11023 LP11148 LP11531 LP11960 LP11965 LP12163 RE01475 RE39729 RP003023491 RP003029495 RP003040233 RP003042646 RP003044442 RP003077568 RP003082592 RP003092319 RP003093639 RP003093660 RP003119836 RP003123083 RP003149062 RP003153303 RP003157417 RP003168364 RP003171580 RP003173402 RP003182474 RP003186498 RP003189610 RP003194759 RP003202077 RP003205882 RP003206060 RP003207961 RP003208684 RP003223653 RP003225862 RP003228454 RP003230123 RP003234696 RP003238968 RP003267790 RP003278907 RP003281646 RP003282780 RP003293705 RP003299382 RP003299646 RP003303107 RP003303884 RP003321244 RP003322712 RP003323736 RP003323750 RP003338269 RP003338761 RP003339571 RP003342351 RP003351973 RP003356957 RP003357661 RP003358813 RP003383070 RP003398724 RP003398826 RP003427375 RP003441476 RP003456659 RP003457157 RP003470816 RP003490592 RP003530301 RP003536276 RP003552438 RP003558077 RP003559307 RP003565962 RP003566648 RP003570613 RP003577582 RP003584378 RP003584875 RP003585502 RP003591643 RP003595508 RP003601297 RP003603859 RP003612187 RP003634012 RP003645521 RP003670222 RP003674260 RP003680885 UUGC0468 UUGC0905
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003887 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 37238
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Buttgereit et al., 1991)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: βTub56D CG9277 (Milshina, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
	Insertion of a myotube into the epidermis is a prerequisite for the induction of βTub56D transcription; muscle loss (e.g. in rost and insc mutants) abolishes βTub56D transcription in the corresponding apodemes. (Buttgereit, 1996) Analysis of βTub56D regulatory elements using Ecol\lacZ reporter gene expression. (Kohler et al., 1996) Ecol\lacZ reporter gene constructs have identified three separate elements localised either far upstream, either promoter proximal or within the intron of βTub56D necessary for the full level of βTub56D gene expression. (Buttgereit et al., 1995) Mixtures of ncd or Khc motor domain treated with the zero-length cross linker EDC generates covalently cross linked products of ncd or Khc with βTub56D and ncd or Khc with αTub84B. These results indicate that kinesin family motors of opposite polarity interact with both βTub56D and αTub84B and support a model in which some portion of each ncd or Khc proteins motor domain overlaps adjacent βTub56D and αTub84B subunits. (Walker, 1995) Gene contains an RNA polymerase II complex which pauses after synthesis of a short transcript. In vivo ultraviolet crosslinking techniques demonstrate phosphorylation of the carboxy terminal domain (CTD) of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II could either regulate the transition of polymerase from a paused to an elongated complex or be a consequence of the transition from paused to elongated. (O'Brien et al., 1994) A fragment of the D.melanogaster βTub56D gene has been used as a probe for in situ hybridisation of Chrysomya rufifacies polytene chromosomes. (Puchalla, 1994) Splicing of βTub56D RNA has been studied in B5228 mutant embryos. (Ring and Lis, 1994) βTub56D-lacZ fusions were used to study the expression of βTub56D in muscle attachment sites. Promoter/intron deletion analysis identified a classic 14bp enhancer present in the βTub56D intron in 3 copies: no cooperativity of effect on expression is evident for the enhancer. Expression of βTub56D begins as the muscles make contact with the muscle attachment sites. (Buttgereit, 1993) The large intron 1 of βTub56D is conserved with β3 tubulin genes. The regulatory regions responsible for expression of βTub56D in somatic cells of the testis are located in the single large intron positioned between the codons of amino acids 19 and 20. Transcription of βTub56D in germ cells is dependent on upstream sequences, deletion analysis demonstrates a short promoter-proximal fragment is responsible. (Buttgereit and Renkawitz-Pohl, 1993) Ecol\lacZ reporter gene constructs demonstrate that transcription of βTub56D starts shortly after the action of genes which participate in the decision of epidermal versus neural cell fate. Expression is regulated by independent, cell-type specific enhancers in the intron for the PNS and apodemes, while maternal and CNS expression is directed by cooperation between upstream promoter elements and corresponding enhancers in the intron. (Buttgereit et al., 1991) The distribution of βTub56D, βTub60D and βTub85D proteins in the testes has been analysed. (Kaltschmidt et al., 1991) The degree of homology between βTub85D and βTub56D is high. (Michiels et al., 1987) Tubulins are the main structural components of microtubules in mitotic and meiotic spindles, cilia, flagella, neural processes and the cytoskeleton; nontubulin proteins (MAPS or microtubule-associated proteins) are involved along with tubulins in the formation of specialized microtubules (Theurkauf, Baum, Bo and Wensink, 1986; Rudolph, Kimble, Hoyle, Subler and Raff, 1987). Tubulin proteins are found in a wide variety of species from unicellular organisms to man; their biochemical and molecular structure is highly conserved. The α- and β-subunits from different organisms can be combined in vitro into hybrid microtubule structures and there is a high level of primary amino acid sequence identity in the proteins (Sanchez, Natzle, Cleveland, Kirschner and McCarthy, 1980; Raff, 1984). In D.melanogaster, two multigene families, each made up of four members, code for α- and β-tubulins, each tubulin subunit being a 55,000 dalton polypeptide. The tubulin genes in each multigene family are dispersed in the second and/or third chromosomes rather than arranged in clusters. βTub56D is a structural gene for β-tubulin. Its mRNA is maternally stored in the oocytes and expressed in the nurse cells and in early embryos (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984; Gasch, Hinz, Leiss and Renkawitz-Pohl, 1988); at this stage, the transcripts are evenly distributed throughout the embryo, but later in development they are concentrated in the primordia of the nervous system and their derivatives (the supra-oesophageal ganglion and ventral nerve cord) and in the visceral mesoderm. Since βTub56D is expressed throughout development and in all adult tissues (Rudolph, Kimble, Hoyle, Subler and Raff, 1987), βTub56D tubulin is probably involved in all the microtubular structures necessary for cell division and cell shape (Raff, Fuller, Kaufman, Kemphues, Rudolph and Raff, 1982; Biolojan et al., 1984). It is the major β-tubulin of adult flies in all structures except the testis.
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_079071 NM_166355 NM_166356 NM_166357 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_523795 NP_725895 NP_725896 NP_725897 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAA28989 AAF57555 AAF57556 AAN16132 AAN16133 AAO24999 AI512045 AQ073751 AQ073752 BT003242 CZ475675 CZ481764 CZ481988 CZ481989 M20419 X69560 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 37238 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • Q24560 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • A1ZBL0 A1ZBL1
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Tubulin (IPR000217) Beta tubulin (IPR002453) Tubulin/FtsZ, GTPase domain (IPR003008) Tubulin/FtsZ, C-terminal (IPR008280) Tubulin, conserved site (IPR017975) Tubulin/FtsZ, 2-layer sandwich domain (IPR018316) Beta tubulin, autoregulation binding site (IPR013838) Tubulin, C-terminal (IPR023123)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 62900 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0003887 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003887 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003887 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003887 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG9277-RB FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0003887 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 37238 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL002851-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP010929-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) ENSCAFP00000013761 Canis familiaris (dog) Chro.60548 Cryptosporidium hominis (obligate parasite) CPIJ003260 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSOANP00000013354 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) XP_967267.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /cytoskel/tubet1-1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 37238 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0003887 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • FBgn0113090 CPIJ003259 CPIJ003260 REDfly - A database of transcriptional regulatory elements. • FBgn0003887
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 45 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	1t (Fyrberg and Goldstein, 1990) B1t (Fuller, 1993, ) BETA 56D (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000) betaTub56D (Giot et al., 2003, Buszczak et al., 2007, Dorus et al., 2006, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Wasbrough et al., 2010) beta-Tub56D (Quinones-Coello, 2007) CG9277 (Fulton et al., 2001, Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000, Dallman et al., 2004, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Cammarato et al., 2011) Dmβ1 (Raff et al., 1997) DTB2 (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984) T (Courgeon et al., 1993) Tub (Harris and Peifer, 2004, Boehm et al., 2003) Tubulin (Saurin et al., 2001) β1 (Hoyle et al., 2001, Dutcher, 2001, Buttgereit et al., 1996, Walker, 1995, Fackenthal et al., 1995, Kaltschmidt et al., 1991, Kimble et al., 1989, Michiels et al., 1987, Raff et al., 2008, Popodi et al., 2008, Hoyle et al., 2008, Popodi et al., 2008) β1t (Fuller, 1986, ) β1-tub (Inbal et al., 2004) β1tub (Vorbruggen and Jackle, 1997) β1Tub (Buttgereit et al., 1995) β1-Tubulin (Schnorrer and Dickson, 2004) β56D (Raff, 1984) β1 tubulin (Fuller et al., 1988) β1-tubulin (Raff, 1984) β-Tub (Sasikumar and Roy, 2009, Ardehali et al., 2011) β-tub (Pal Bhadra et al., 2005) βTub (Franco et al., 2011) βTub1   β-Tub56D (Bhadra et al., 2000, Somma et al., 2008) βTub56D (Stuart et al., 2007, Walser et al., 2006, Muse et al., 2007, Dorus et al., 2006, Muse et al., 2007, Cherbas et al., 2011) βtub(56D) (Bartkowiak et al., 2010) β-tubulin56D (Peyre et al., 2006)
Name Synonym	beta-1 tubulin (Giardina, 1993.4.1) beta-1-tubulin (Boehm et al., 2003) Beta tubulin (Chen and Haddad, 2004) beta-tubulin (Przewloka et al., 2007, Ahlander and Bosco, 2009) beta-Tubulin at 56 D (Wasbrough et al., 2010) beta-Tubulin at 56D (Cammarato et al., 2011) tubulin (Sharp et al., 2000, Reed and Orr-Weaver, 1997, Harris and Peifer, 2004, Harris and Peifer, 2005, Goshima et al., 2005, Ashley et al., 2005, Yuen et al., 2008) β1-tubulin (McKean et al., 2001, Martin-Bermudo, 2000, Lis, 1998, Law et al., 1998, Dettman et al., 1996, Frommer et al., 1996, Drosopoulou and Scouras, 1995, Abmayr et al., 1995, Birchler et al., 1994, Martinez Arias, 1993, O'Brien et al., 1994, Ring and Lis, 1994, Kimble et al., 1989, Wu et al., 2005, Klein et al., 2010, Popodi et al., 2008, Hoyle et al., 2008, Popodi et al., 2008) β1 tubulin (Volk, 1999, Nabel-Rosen et al., 1999, Yarnitzky and Volk, 1999, Strumpf and Volk, 1998, Yarnitzky et al., 1997, Vorbrueggen and Jaeckle, 1997, Raff et al., 1982, Kohler et al., 1996, Puchalla, 1994, Buttgereit et al., 1991, Kaltschmidt et al., 1991, Michiels et al., 1987, ) β-1-tubulin (Spencer and Groudine, 1990) β-Tubulin (Sasikumar and Roy, 2009, Riparbelli et al., 2004, Trotta et al., 2004) β tubulin (Cygnar, 2005, Kondylis et al., 2001, Fitch and Wakimoto, 1998, Saunders et al., 1997) β-tubulin (Kwon and Scholey, 2004, Riparbelli and Callaini, 2003, Anderson et al., 2002, Bulgheresi et al., 2001, Vied and Horabin, 2001, Grieder et al., 2000, Parmentier et al., 2000, Yu et al., 2000, Vidwans et al., 1999, Irion and Leptin, 1999, Debec et al., 1999, Chao and Nagoshi, 1999, Reddy and Rodrigues, 1999, McCartney et al., 1999, Robinson et al., 1999, Reddy and Rodrigues, 1999, Sharp et al., 1999, Crawford et al., 1998, Logarinho and Sunkel, 1998, Adams et al., 1998, Hirth et al., 1998, Eberl et al., 1997, Bhadra et al., 1997, Brill et al., 1995, Eaton et al., 1996, Xu et al., 2006, Dallman et al., 2004, Pal Bhadra et al., 2006, Holtzman et al., 2008, Szafer-Glusman et al., 2008, Ida et al., 2009, Dilks and DiNardo, 2010) βtubulin (Akong et al., 2002) β-tubulin 56D (Conant and Wagner, 2003) β-tubulin-56D (Nicholson et al., 2008) β-Tubulin at 56D
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 187 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 187 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 135 ) Supplementary material  ( 12 ) Review  ( 17 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 6 ) Abstract  ( 7 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 ) Computer file  ( 3 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 ) Book  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 10 )
	Ardehali et al., 2011, EMBO J. 30(14): 2817--2828 Drosophila Set1 is the major histone H3 lysine 4 trimethyltransferase with role in transcription. [FBrf0214333] Cherbas et al., 2011, Genome Res. 21(2): 301--314 The transcriptional diversity of 25 Drosophila cell lines. [FBrf0213077] Franco et al., 2011, Mol. Cell. Proteomics 10(5): M110.002188 A Novel Strategy to Isolate Ubiquitin Conjugates Reveals Wide Role for Ubiquitination during Neural Development. [FBrf0213919] Koppen et al., 2011, Proteomics 11(22): 4397--4410 Proteomics analyses of microvesicles released by Drosophila Kc167 and S2 cells. [FBrf0216610] Bartkowiak et al., 2010, Genes Dev. 24(20): 2303--2316 CDK12 is a transcription elongation-associated CTD kinase, the metazoan ortholog of yeast Ctk1. [FBrf0212082] Blanco et al., 2010, BMC Dev. Biol. 10: 94 Gene expression following induction of regeneration in Drosophila wing imaginal discs. Expression profile of regenerating wing discs. [FBrf0211812] Dilks and DiNardo, 2010, Development 137(8): 1395--1404 Non-cell-autonomous control of denticle diversity in the Drosophila embryo. [FBrf0210398] Klein et al., 2010, Dev. Biol. 337(2): 458--470 The proprioceptive and contractile systems in Drosophila are both patterned by the EGR family transcription factor Stripe. [FBrf0209777] Müller et al., 2010, EMBO J. 29(19): 3344--3357 Proteomic and functional analysis of the mitotic Drosophila centrosome. [FBrf0212030] Wasbrough et al., 2010, J. Proteomics 73(11): 2171--2185 The Drosophila melanogaster sperm proteome-II (DmSP-II). [FBrf0211978] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...