FB2020_06, released Dec 22, 2020

Gene: Dmel\βTub60D

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\βTub60D
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
β-Tubulin at 60D
Annotation Symbol
CG3401
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0003888
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
11 publicly available
Gene Snapshot
Contributions welcome
Other Summaries
Also Known As

β3-tubulin, β-tubulin, β3 tubulin, β3, tubulin

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
60C6-60C6
Sequence location
2R:24,305,881..24,313,099 [+]
Recombination map

2-106

RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:24305881..24313099
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (11 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables structural constituent of cytoskeleton
inferred from direct assay
(Hoyle et al., 2000)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables GTP binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000172598
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
enables GTPase activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003008, InterPro:IPR008280
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
enables structural constituent of cytoskeleton
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000172598
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Biological Process (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in axon guidance
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hoyle et al., 2000)
involved_in axonogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hoyle et al., 2000)
involved_in larval behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Dettman et al., 2001)
involved_in response to light stimulus
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Dettman et al., 2001)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in microtubule cytoskeleton organization
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000172598
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in mitotic cell cycle
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000172598
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Sarov et al., 2016)
located_in microtubule
inferred from direct assay
(Hoyle et al., 2000)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000172598
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
located_in microtubule
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000172598
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the tubulin family. (P08841)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
BETA TUBULINS -
Tubulins are cytoskeletal proteins. α- and β-tubulin heterodimers polymerise to form microtubules, the roles of which include mechanical strength, intracellular trafficking and chromosome segregation. GTP molecules associated with β-tubulin molecules are hydrolyzed shortly after being incorporated into the polymerizing microtubules. GTP hydrolysis alters the conformation of the tubulin molecules and drives the dynamic behavior of microtubules. (Adapted from PMID:1121746 and PMID:25339962).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain.
(UniProt, P08841)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
βTub60D (β3t)
A structural gene for β-tubulin. The mRNA first appears in the mesoderm during mid-embryogenesis at about the time when synthesis of β-tubulin begins and later disappears from the embryo when synthesis of the tubulin ends; the transcript reappears in the mesoderm during the pupal period (Raff et al., 1982; Natzle and McCarthy, 1984; Raff, 1984; Rudolph et al., 1987; Gasch et al., 1988; Kimble et al., 1989). During embryogenesis, βTub60C is only expressed in developing muscles; in pupae, it is expressed in adult muscles, imaginal discs, wing blades, optic lobes, ovaries and testes, but ceases (except in ovaries and testes) in adults. As compared to the tubulin encoded by βTub56D, the product of βTub60C is but a minor component of the total tubulin pool (Rudolph et al., 1987). When synthesis of the βTub60C tubulin begins in the embryo, α-Tubulin synthesis is increased (Raff et al., 1982).
Summary (Interactive Fly)

beta Tubulin60D - microtubular cytoskeleton - transiently expressed in the embryo - higher pupal levels in the developing musculature - Adult expression confined to specific somatic cells in the gonads

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\βTub60D for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
βTub60D-RA
FBtr0072270
NM_079118
2518
454
βTub60D-RB
FBtr0343443
NM_001299906
2515
453
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

2.6 (northern blot)

(Sobrier et al., 1989)

1.362 (sequence analysis)

(Rudolph et al., 1987)

2.5 (northern blot)

(Bialojan et al., 1984)

2.3 (northern blot)

(Natzle and McCarthy, 1984)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
βTub60D-PA
FBpp0072177
50.8
454
4.51
NP_523842
AAF47193
βTub60D-PB
FBpp0310087
50.8
453
4.51
NP_001286835
AHN56630
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

454 (aa); 53 (kD predicted)

(Rudolph et al., 1987)
Comments

Used as a cell marker for the entire myoblast

population and can be followed into all somatic muscle fibers.

(Bour et al., 1995)
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Dimer of alpha and beta chains. A typical microtubule is a hollow water-filled tube with an outer diameter of 25 nm and an inner diameter of 15 nM. Alpha-beta heterodimers associate head-to-tail to form protofilaments running lengthwise along the microtubule wall with the beta-tubulin subunit facing the microtubule plus end conferring a structural polarity. Microtubules usually have 13 protofilaments but different protofilament numbers can be found in some organisms and specialized cells.

(UniProt, P08841)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
UniProt
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\βTub60D using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage | male
testis & cyst cell of testis
(Kimble et al., 1989)
embryonic stage 13
somatic mesoderm
(Kimble et al., 1989)
head mesoderm
(Kimble et al., 1989)
visceral mesoderm
(Kimble et al., 1989)
embryonic stage 14
visceral mesoderm
(Leiss et al., 1988)
somatic mesoderm
(Leiss et al., 1988)
embryonic stage 12
mesoderm
(Cunha et al., 2010, Kimble et al., 1989)
prepupal stage
wing disc
(Kimble et al., 1989)
haltere disc
(Kimble et al., 1989)
prothoracic leg disc
(Kimble et al., 1989)
mesothoracic leg disc
(Kimble et al., 1989)
eye-antennal disc
(Kimble et al., 1989)
metathoracic leg disc
(Kimble et al., 1989)
pupal stage
testis
(Kimble et al., 1989)
oogenesis & pupal stage
ovary
(Kimble et al., 1989)
oogenesis & adult stage | female
follicle cell
(Kimble et al., 1989)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
head mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
dorsal pharyngeal muscle primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
head mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
plasmatocyte primordium

Comment: reported as plasmatocytes anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
somatic muscle primordium

Comment: reported as muscle system primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visceral muscle primordium

Comment: reported as muscle system primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic primordium of adult muscle precursor
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal pharyngeal muscle
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval dorsal vessel
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval muscle system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval somatic muscle
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval visceral muscle
(Fisher et al., 2012)
plasmatocyte
(Fisher et al., 2012)
pupal stage P6 -- pharate adult stage P8
muscle system
(Kimble et al., 1989)
indirect flight muscle
(Kimble et al., 1989)
pharate adult stage P8
adult optic lobe
(Kimble et al., 1989)
adult brain
(Kimble et al., 1989)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 13 -- 16

Comment: reference states 9-15 hr AEL

(Natzle and McCarthy, 1984)
embryonic stage 1 -- 13

Comment: reference states 0-10 hr AEL

(Bialojan et al., 1984)
third instar larval stage
(Sobrier et al., 1989)
pupal stage
(Sobrier et al., 1989, Bialojan et al., 1984)
radioisotope in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 13
somatic mesoderm
(Gasch et al., 1988)
visceral mesoderm
(Gasch et al., 1988)
embryonic stage 11 -- 17
mesoderm
(Gasch et al., 1988)
embryonic stage 10
head mesoderm
(Gasch et al., 1988)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 17
mesoderm | posterior
(Serrano et al., 1997)
scolopidial dendritic cap cell
(Dettman et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 15 -- 16
Bolwig organ
(Dettman et al., 2001)
Bolwig nerve
(Dettman et al., 2001)
embryonic/larval dorsal vessel
(Dettman et al., 2001)
antenno-maxillary complex
(Dettman et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 16 -- 17
embryonic/larval somatic muscle
(Rudolf et al., 2012)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male
spermatozoon
(Dorus et al., 2006)
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data

βTub60D is expressed in the scolopidial dendritic cap cells of stage 17 embryos. Expression is not observed in these cells earlier, nor in the cap cells of third instar larvae.

(Dettman et al., 2001)

The expression pattern of βTub60D protein is excluded from en expressing cells.

(Serrano et al., 1997)
Marker for
 
cardioblast
(Lo et al., 2007)
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Sarov et al., 2016)
located_in microtubule
inferred from direct assay
(Hoyle et al., 2000)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{AI15.2}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
(Serrano et al., 1997)
embryonic stage
(Serrano et al., 1997)
Reporter: P{β3/lac-6.0}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 11 -- 17
somatic mesoderm
(Hinz et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 16
embryonic dorsal vessel
(Kremser et al., 1999)
embryonic somatic muscle
(Kremser et al., 1999)
embryonic/larval somatic muscle
(Gasch et al., 1989)
embryonic stage 16 -- 17
pharyngeal muscle
(Gasch et al., 1989)
embryonic/larval somatic muscle
(Gasch et al., 1989)
embryonic/larval dorsal vessel
(Gasch et al., 1989)
embryonic stage 13 -- 14
visceral mesoderm
(Lord et al., 1995)
somatic mesoderm
(Lord et al., 1995)
embryonic stage 13 -- 17
somatic mesoderm
(Lord et al., 1995)
embryonic stage 17
pharyngeal muscle
(Gasch et al., 1989)
embryonic/larval dorsal vessel
(Gasch et al., 1989)
Reporter: P{β3/lac-6.0c}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 15
embryonic/larval somatic muscle
(Gasch et al., 1989)
Reporter: P{β3/lac-6.0cDI}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 15
embryonic/larval somatic muscle
(Gasch et al., 1989)
embryonic/larval visceral muscle
(Gasch et al., 1989)
Reporter: P{β3/lac-6.0I}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
visceral mesoderm | restricted
(Hinz et al., 1992)
embryonic stage
chordotonal organ
(Hinz et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 11 -- 17
somatic mesoderm
(Hinz et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 15
embryonic/larval somatic muscle
(Gasch et al., 1989)
embryonic/larval visceral muscle
(Gasch et al., 1989)
embryonic/larval dorsal vessel
(Gasch et al., 1989)
pharyngeal muscle
(Gasch et al., 1989)
Reporter: P{βTub60D-0.23I}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 11 -- 17
visceral mesoderm
(Hinz et al., 1992)
embryonic stage
chordotonal organ
(Hinz et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 12 -- 17
somatic mesoderm
(Hinz et al., 1992)
Reporter: P{βTub60D-2D}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
chordotonal organ
(Hinz et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 12 -- 17
somatic mesoderm
(Hinz et al., 1992)
embryonic stage
visceral mesoderm
(Hinz et al., 1992)
Reporter: P{βTub60D-2U}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
chordotonal organ
(Hinz et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 12 -- 17
somatic mesoderm
(Hinz et al., 1992)
embryonic stage
visceral mesoderm
(Hinz et al., 1992)
Reporter: P{βTub60D-13}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
visceral mesoderm
(Hinz et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 12 -- 17
somatic mesoderm
(Hinz et al., 1992)
Reporter: P{βTub60D-14}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
visceral mesoderm
(Hinz et al., 1992)
Reporter: P{βTub60D-15}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
visceral mesoderm | restricted
(Hinz et al., 1992)
Reporter: P{βTub60D-16}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
visceral mesoderm
(Hinz et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 15
chordotonal organ

Comment: expression not present in mesoderm

(Hinz et al., 1992)
Reporter: P{lacW}βTub60DA1-2-26
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 12 -- 17
cardioblast
(Hartenstein and Jan, 1992)
dorsal pharyngeal muscle | presumptive
(Hartenstein and Jan, 1992)
Reporter: P{WHL4}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
(Serrano et al., 1997)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\βTub60D in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, and Transgenic Constructs
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 16 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 12 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of βTub60D
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of βTub60D
Deletions and Duplications ( 4 )
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal
lethal | larval stage | recessive
lethal | pupal stage | recessive
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive
lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with βTub60D2)
lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with βTub60DP126)
lethal - all die during P-stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
partially lethal - majority die (with Df(2R)Px2)
partially lethal - majority die | recessive
partially lethal - majority live (with βTub60D1)
partially lethal - majority live (with βTub60D4)
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
viable (with Df(2R)Exel6082)
viable (with βTub60D1)
viable (with βTub60D3)
viable (with βTub60D4)
viable (with βTub60D5)
viable (with βTub60D6)
viable (with βTub60D8)
viable (with βTub60D9)
viable (with βTub60D10)
viable (with βTub60D11)
viable (with βTub60DP126)
viable (with βTub60Dsk)
Sterility
Allele
fertile
male fertile
male sterile | recessive
sterile (with Df(2R)Px2)
sterile (with βTub60D1)
sterile (with βTub60D3)
sterile (with βTub60D4)
sterile (with βTub60D5)
sterile (with βTub60D6)
sterile (with βTub60D8)
sterile (with βTub60D9)
sterile (with βTub60D10)
sterile (with βTub60D11)
sterile (with βTub60DP126)
sterile (with βTub60Dsk)
sterile | recessive
Other Phenotypes
Allele
flightless
flightless (with βTub60D5)
flightless (with βTub60Dsk)
increased cell number | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
locomotor behavior defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4repo.PL, Scer\GAL4repo
locomotor behavior defective | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4repo.PL, Scer\GAL4repo
neuroanatomy defective | larval stage
neuroanatomy defective | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
neuroanatomy defective | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
phototaxis defective (with Df(2R)Px2)
phototaxis defective | recessive
some die during larval stage | recessive
some die during pharate adult stage (with βTub60D2)
some die during pharate adult stage (with βTub60DP126)
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible | recessive
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult optic lobe (with βTub60D1)
adult optic lobe (with βTub60D4)
axoneme
chordotonal organ & microtubule (with Df(2R)Px2)
embryonic/larval midgut | embryonic stage
embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
eye (with βTub60D1)
eye (with βTub60D4)
ganglion mother cell | larval stage
lamina (with βTub60D1)
lamina (with βTub60D4)
larval neuroblast | larval stage
medulla & axon (with βTub60D1)
medulla & axon (with βTub60D4)
meiotic cell cycle | male
mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
microtubule | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
photoreceptor cell R7 & axon (with βTub60D1)
photoreceptor cell R7 & axon (with βTub60D4)
photoreceptor cell R8 & axon (with βTub60D1)
photoreceptor cell R8 & axon (with βTub60D4)
rhabdomere (with βTub60D1)
rhabdomere (with βTub60D4)
tormogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
type II neuroblast | supernumerary | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
type I neuroblast | supernumerary | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (24)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\TUBB6
7 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\TUBB4A
6 of 15
No
No
Hsap\TUBB1
5 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\TUBB2A
5 of 15
No
No
Hsap\TUBB2B
5 of 15
No
No
1  
Hsap\TUBB3
5 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\TUBB4B
5 of 15
No
No
Hsap\TUBB
5 of 15
No
No
Hsap\TUBB8
4 of 15
No
No
Hsap\TUBB8B
2 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\TUBA1A
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\TUBA1B
1 of 15
No
No
1  
Hsap\TUBA1C
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\TUBA3C
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\TUBA3D
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\TUBA3E
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\TUBA4A
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\TUBA8
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\TUBAL3
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\TUBB7P
1 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\TUBD1
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\TUBE1
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\TUBG1
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\TUBG2
1 of 15
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (20)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Tubb3
9 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Tubb6
7 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Tubb4a
6 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Tubb2a
5 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Tubb2b
5 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Tubb4b
5 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Tubb5
5 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Tubb1
3 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Tuba1a
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Tuba1b
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Tuba1c
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Tuba3a
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Tuba3b
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Tuba4a
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Tuba8
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Tubal3
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Tubd1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Tube1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Tubg1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Tubg2
1 of 15
No
No
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (17)
Rnor\Tubb3
8 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Tubb6
7 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Tubb2a
5 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Tubb2b
5 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Tubb4a
5 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Tubb4b
5 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Tubb1
3 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Tubb5
3 of 13
No
No
Rnor\LOC100909441
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Tuba3a
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Tuba3b
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Tuba4a
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Tuba8
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Tubal3
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Tube1
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Tubg1
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Tubg2
1 of 13
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (20)
Xtro\tubb3
6 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\tubb6
5 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\tubb4b
4 of 12
No
No
Xtro\tubb
4 of 12
No
No
Xtro\tubb2b
3 of 12
No
No
Xtro\tubb4a
3 of 12
No
No
Xtro\tubb1
2 of 12
No
No
Xtro\tuba1a
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\tuba1c
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\tuba3c
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\tuba3e
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\tuba4a
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\tuba4b
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\tuba4
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\tuba8
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\tubal3
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\tubd1
1 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\tube1
1 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\tubg1
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\tubz1
1 of 12
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (26)
Drer\tubb6
6 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\zgc:65894
6 of 15
Yes
No
Drer\zgc:153426
6 of 15
Yes
No
Drer\tubb1
5 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\tubb2b
5 of 15
No
No
Drer\tubb2
5 of 15
No
No
Drer\tubb4b
5 of 15
No
No
Drer\tubb5
5 of 15
No
No
Drer\zgc:55461
5 of 15
No
No
Drer\si:ch73-199e17.1
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\si:ch211-114n24.6
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\tuba1a
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\tuba1b
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\tuba1c
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\tuba2
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\tuba4l
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\tuba7l
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\tuba8l2
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\tuba8l3
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\tuba8l4
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\tuba8l
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\tubd1
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\tube1
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\tubg1
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\zgc:123292
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\zgc:153264
1 of 15
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (16)
Cele\ben-1
6 of 15
Yes
Yes
Cele\mec-7
5 of 15
No
No
Cele\tbb-1
4 of 15
No
Yes
Cele\tbb-2
4 of 15
No
No
Cele\tbb-4
4 of 15
No
No
Cele\tbb-6
4 of 15
No
No
Cele\mec-12
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\tba-1
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\tba-4
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\tba-5
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\tba-6
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\tba-7
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\tba-8
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\tba-9
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\tbg-1
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\Y19D2B.1
1 of 15
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (9)
Atha\TUB3
7 of 9
Yes
No
Atha\TUB4
7 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\TUB6
7 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\TUB7
7 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\TUB8
7 of 9
Yes
No
Atha\TUB9
7 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\TUB1
6 of 9
No
No
Atha\TUB5
6 of 9
No
No
Atha\TUB2
2 of 9
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (4)
Scer\TUB2
10 of 15
Yes
No
Scer\TUB1
1 of 15
No
No
Scer\TUB3
1 of 15
No
No
Scer\TUB4
1 of 15
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\nda3
9 of 12
Yes
No
Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091907JT )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00002259
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\GD28531
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\GM11852
Drosophila erecta
Dere\GG22960
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\GE14397
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\GF11391
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Dpse\GA17427
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\GK22203
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\GJ21592
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\GI21321
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH20987
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG0915052F )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17025579
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17025705
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17025578
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY009393
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly
Lcup\FF38_04508
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes007500
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL002848
Anopheles darlingi
American malaria mosquito
Adar\ADAC002634
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\AGAP010510
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ003263
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W04SO )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS213388-PA
Heliconius melpomene
Postman butterfly
Hmel\HMEL016365
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\2296586468
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\LOC410994
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP21271
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15215809
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH14610
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:002182
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG003190
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_11797
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\TC034766
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Phum\PHUM037830
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI001007
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_17754
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X04HG )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR014081
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR014557
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW005137
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW021482
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW017136
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW017133
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM75344.1
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM70949.1
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM83077.1
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM80908.1
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM56629.1
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur10g01340
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur599g00010
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur10g04020
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur04g06360
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_305638
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_300845
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_302845
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G06U2 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Btub1
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Btub4
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Btub2_1
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Btub9
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Btub5
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Btub3
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Btub2
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Tubb2a
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Btub6
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\LOC100184511
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\LOC101242512
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\ENSGALG00000029076
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\ENSGALG00000007447
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\TUBB2B
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\ENSGALG00000027684
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\TUBB3
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\ENSGALG00000026802
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\TUBB2C
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (11)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
βTub56D
6 of 10
βTub85D
6 of 10
βTub97EF
6 of 10
CG32396
4 of 10
αTub67C
2 of 10
αTub84B
2 of 10
αTub84D
2 of 10
αTub85E
2 of 10
CG7794
2 of 10
γTub23C
2 of 10
γTub37C
2 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Model Summary Ribbon
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 3 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    TUBB6; tubulin beta 6 class V
    7 of 15
    615103
      TUBB4A; tubulin beta 4A class IVa
      6 of 15
      602662
      TUBB1; tubulin beta 1 class VI
      5 of 15
      612901
      TUBB2A; tubulin beta 2A class IIa
      5 of 15
      615101
      TUBB2B; tubulin beta 2B class IIb
      5 of 15
      612850
       
      TUBB3; tubulin beta 3 class III
      5 of 15
      602661
      TUBB4B; tubulin beta 4B class IVb
      5 of 15
      602660
        TUBB; tubulin beta class I
        5 of 15
        191130
        TUBB8; tubulin beta 8 class VIII
        4 of 15
        616768
          Functional Complementation Data
          Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
          Interactions
          Summary of Physical Interactions
          Summary of Genetic Interactions
          esyN Network Diagram
          esyN Network Key:
          Suppression
          Enhancement
          View in Interactions Browser
          Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
          Starting gene(s)
          Interaction type
          Interacting gene(s)
          Reference
          βTub60D
          enhanceable
          pins
          (Zhang et al., 2016)
          Starting gene(s)
          Interaction type
          Interacting gene(s)
          Reference
          pins
          suppressible
          βTub60D
          (Zhang et al., 2016)
          External Data
          Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
          Dimer of alpha and beta chains. A typical microtubule is a hollow water-filled tube with an outer diameter of 25 nm and an inner diameter of 15 nM. Alpha-beta heterodimers associate head-to-tail to form protofilaments running lengthwise along the microtubule wall with the beta-tubulin subunit facing the microtubule plus end conferring a structural polarity. Microtubules usually have 13 protofilaments but different protofilament numbers can be found in some organisms and specialized cells.
          (UniProt, P08841 )
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
          MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          Pathways
          Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
          Metabolic Pathways
          External Data
          Linkouts
          KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
          Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
          Chromosome (arm)
          2R
          Recombination map

          2-106

          Cytogenetic map
          60C6-60C6
          Sequence location
          2R:24,305,881..24,313,099 [+]
          FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
          Cytogenetic map
          Evidence for location
          60C6-60C6
          Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Nop60Bk05318 and P{PZ}bs03267&P{lacW}l(2)k10502k10502
          Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
          Cytogenetic map
          Notes
          References
          60C7-60C8
          (determined by in situ hybridisation)
          (Cuenca et al., 1998)
          60D-60D
          (determined by in situ hybridisation)
          (Gasch et al., 1989, Sobrier et al., 1989, Gasch et al., 1988, Leiss et al., 1988, Bialojan et al., 1984)
          60C-60C
          (determined by in situ hybridisation)
          (Whiting et al., 1989)
          Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
          Location

          2-106

          (FlyBase, 2016)

          2-110.5

          (Comeron et al., 2012)
          Left of (cM)
          Right of (cM)
          Notes
          Stocks and Reagents
          Stocks (11)
          Genomic Clones (16)
           

          Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

          cDNA Clones (259)
           

          Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

          cDNA clones, fully sequenced
          BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

          For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

          cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
          BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
          RNAi and Array Information
          Linkouts
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
          Antibody Information
          Laboratory Generated Antibodies
           
          Commercially Available Antibodies
           
          Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
          Other Information
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database identify of

          Source for identity of: βTub60D CG3401

          (Wang, 1999.11)
          Source for database merge of
          Additional comments
          Other Comments

          The syncytial visceral and somatic musculature develops independently of βTub60D during Drosophila embryogenesis.

          (Rudolf et al., 2012)

          bap and bin are required for activation of βTub60D in the visceral mesoderm.

          (Zaffran and Frasch, 2002)

          The expression of βTub60D in several embryonic sense organs makes sense of the behavioral defects of pre-lethal βTub60D mutant larvae.

          (Dettman et al., 2001)

          The vm1 enhancer of the βTub60D gene contains a complex array of elements that are involved in transactivation by a combination of tissue- and position- specific factors including tin and Ubx.

          (Kremser et al., 1999)

          βTub60D is directly repressed by en protein. The first intron of the βTub60D locus contains several en protein binding sites.

          (Serrano et al., 1997)

          Myogenesis and sarcomere integrity are normal in mutant larvae and embryos, somatic muscle functions normally. Midgut morphology and gut function are defective, but visceral muscle functions normally.

          (Dettman et al., 1996)

          βTub60D is the major isoform in embryonic muscle of D.melanogaster and muscle expression of the homolog is conserved in D.simulans and D.virilis.

          (Dettman et al., 1996)

          Ecdysteroid-regulated gene.

          (Andres et al., 1993)

          βTub60D gene in Kc cells has the same structure as the gene in intact Drosophila. The gene encodes two isoforms with one amino acid difference. Gene expression is regulated by the steroid hormone 20-OHE in a time and hormonal concentration-dependent fashion, without requirement of protein synthesis.

          (Chapel et al., 1993)

          A 360bp intronic regulatory fragment that carries several ecdysone responsive elements has been identified.

          (Tourmente et al., 1993)

          Nucleotide excision repair (NER) of ultraviolet (UV) light induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) are assayed in Kc cells that respond to steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone treatment by induction of βTub60D expression, βTub60D is not expressed under standard culture conditions.

          (de Cock et al., 1993)

          Analysis of the regulatory capacities of the intron in βTub60D revealed 6 redundant cis-acting elements, which act at different developmental stages in the same mesodermal derivatives, and that the visceral mesoderm has anterior-posterior graded early action of an enhancer regulator. The pattern of βTub60D expression is sensitive to Ubx : ectopic Ubx expression causes activity of enhancer in entire visceral mesoderm.

          (Hinz et al., 1992)

          βTub60D can support only a subset of the multiple functions normally performed by βTub85D. Coexpression of βTub60D and βTub85D in the male germ line allows spindles and all classes of cytoplasmic microtubules to assemble and function normally. However when βTub60D exceeds 20% of the total testis β-tubulin pool it acts in a dominant way to disrupt normal axoneme assembly.

          (Hoyle and Raff, 1990)

          βTub60D is essential for viability and fertility.

          (Kimble et al., 1990)

          The first intron of the βTub60D carries a tissue specific enhancer element that is required for expression in the visceral muscles that can also efficiently function positioned downstream.

          (Gasch et al., 1989)

          The expression of βTub60D is accompanied by a coordinate transient increase in the level of synthesis of the embryonic α-tubulins, thereby maintaining an approximately equimolar synthesis of α and β-tubulins throughout embryogenesis.

          (Raff et al., 1982)
          Origin and Etymology
          Discoverer
          Etymology
          Identification
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 59 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
          FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
          InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
          KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
          MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (67)
          Reported As
          Symbol Synonym
          143391_i_at
          (Kristensen et al., 2005)
          3t
          (Fyrberg and Goldstein, 1990)
          B3t
          (Hoyle et al., 2000, Hutchens et al., 1997, Dettman et al., 1996, Fuller, 1993, Gotwals and Fristrom, 1991, Kimble et al., 1990)
          BETA 60D
          (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000)
          CG3401
          (Hassan et al., 2018, Zhang et al., 2016, Llamusi et al., 2013, Christis and Munro, 2012, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Rehwinkel et al., 2006, Wertheim et al., 2005, Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000)
          D.m.BETA-60D
          (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000)
          DTB3
          (Whiting et al., 1989, Natzle and McCarthy, 1984)
          Dmβ3
          (Raff et al., 1997)
          T
          (Courgeon et al., 1993)
          Tub
          (Figeac et al., 2010, Harris and Peifer, 2004)
          Tub2E
          (Kollmar, 2015.9.15, Kollmar and Odronitz, 2006)
          Tub60D
          (Behm-Ansmant et al., 2006, Rehwinkel et al., 2006)
          betaTub60D
          (Cho et al., 2020, Guan et al., 2019, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Gene Disruption Project members, 2016-, Sarov et al., 2016, Shlyueva et al., 2016, Dent et al., 2015, Kwon et al., 2013, Taliaferro et al., 2013, Thomae et al., 2013, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Rynes et al., 2012, Friedman et al., 2011, Neumüller et al., 2011, Kallappagoudar et al., 2010, Buchon et al., 2009, Dorus et al., 2006, Loop et al., 2004, Giot et al., 2003, Subramanian et al., 2003)
          p50
          (Hochheimer et al., 2002)
          p50/tubulin
          (Hochheimer et al., 2002)
          p53
          (Hochheimer et al., 2002)
          p53/tubulin
          (Hochheimer et al., 2002)
          tubulin
          (Lloyd et al., 2012)
          β-Tub60D
          β-Tub6D
          (Boutros et al., 2002)
          β-tub
          (Pal Bhadra et al., 2005, Gasch et al., 1989)
          β3
          (Popodi et al., 2008, Raff et al., 2008, Nielsen et al., 2006, Dutcher, 2001, Hoyle et al., 2001, Wilson and Borisy, 1997, Buttgereit et al., 1996, Fackenthal et al., 1995, Hoyle et al., 1995, Hoyle et al., 1991, Kaltschmidt et al., 1991, Kimble et al., 1989, Leiss et al., 1988)
          β3 TU
          (Bondinas et al., 2002, Bondinas et al., 2001)
          β3-Tub
          (Bataillé et al., 2010, Junion et al., 2007, de Velasco et al., 2006, Zaffran et al., 2006, Jagla et al., 1998)
          β3-tubulin
          (Soler and Taylor, 2009)
          β3TUB
          (Wolfstetter and Holz, 2012, Wolfstetter et al., 2009)
          β3Tub
          (Drechsler et al., 2018, Hassan et al., 2018, Albrecht et al., 2011, Sellin et al., 2009, Popichenko et al., 2007, Albrecht et al., 2006)
          β3t
          (Patel et al., 2012, Fyrberg et al., 1991)
          β3tub
          (Tixier et al., 2013)
          β60C
          (Raff, 1984)
          β3 tubulin
          (Bruhat et al., 1990)
          β3-Tub
          (Lin et al., 1997)
          β3-tubulin
          (Raff, 1984)
          βTub
          (Albrecht et al., 2006)
          βTub3
          βTub60C
          (Andres et al., 1993)
          βTub60D
          (Hassan et al., 2018, Yoon et al., 2017, Stephan et al., 2015, Ciglar et al., 2014, Hughes et al., 2014, Perkins and Tanentzapf, 2014, Finan et al., 2011, Liu et al., 2009, Firth and Baker, 2007, Hueber et al., 2007, Lo et al., 2007, Zaffran et al., 2006, Wertheim et al., 2005)
          βtub60D
          (Zhang et al., 2016, Jakobsen et al., 2007)
          Name Synonyms
          60C beta tubulin
          (Chapel, 1989.8.29, Chapel, 1989.8.29)
          60C β tubulin
          (Chapel et al., 1993)
          B3-tubulin
          (Baker and Schubiger, 1995)
          Beta tubulin
          (Chen and Haddad, 2004)
          Tubulin
          (Moriwaki and Goshima, 2016)
          b-3 tubulin
          (Fernandes and Krishan, 2007)
          b3 Tubulin
          (Figeac et al., 2010)
          beta 3 tubulin
          (Graba et al., 1997, Tourmente, 1993.8.17, Chapel, 1991.8.19, Chapel, 1991.8.19, Chapel, 1991.8.19)
          beta tubulin
          (Nielsen et al., 2010)
          beta-3 Tubulin
          (Bidet et al., 2003)
          beta-3-tubulin
          (de Velasco et al., 2006)
          beta-tubulin
          (Przewloka et al., 2007)
          beta3-Tubulin
          (Ocorr et al., 2014)
          betaTub60D
          (Cunha et al., 2010)
          tubulin
          (Yuen et al., 2008, Ashley et al., 2005, Goshima et al., 2005, Harris and Peifer, 2005, Harris and Peifer, 2004, Sharp et al., 2000, Reed and Orr-Weaver, 1997)
          tubulin b-3
          (Hochheimer et al., 2002)
          Β3 tubulin
          (Currie and Bate, 1991)
          β tubulin
          (Carmena et al., 1998, Gigliotti et al., 1998)
          β-3 tubulin
          (Tixier et al., 2013)
          β-3tubulin
          (Botas, 1993)
          β-Tubulin
          (Riparbelli et al., 2004)
          β-Tubulin at 60A
          (Sandmann et al., 2006)
          β-Tubulin at 60D
          (Hueber et al., 2007)
          β-tubulin
          (Dilks and DiNardo, 2010, Liu et al., 2009, Holtzman et al., 2008, Pal Bhadra et al., 2006, Xu et al., 2006, Kwon and Scholey, 2004, Riparbelli and Callaini, 2003, Anderson et al., 2002, Bulgheresi et al., 2001, Vied and Horabin, 2001, Grieder et al., 2000, Yu et al., 2000, Chao and Nagoshi, 1999, Irion and Leptin, 1999, McCartney et al., 1999, Reddy and Rodrigues, 1999, Robinson et al., 1999, Sharp et al., 1999, Vidwans et al., 1999, Crawford et al., 1998, Fuller, 1998, Logarinho and Sunkel, 1998, Eberl et al., 1997, Eaton et al., 1996, Brill et al., 1995)
          β-tubulin 60D
          (Conant and Wagner, 2003)
          β-tubulin at 60D
          (Pearson et al., 2005)
          β-tubulin60D
          (Sandmann et al., 2006)
          β3 tubulin
          (Banerjee et al., 2006, Cripps and Olson, 2002, Jagla et al., 2001, Kremser et al., 1999, Kremser et al., 1999, Cuenca et al., 1998, Bour et al., 1995, Burchard et al., 1995, Moritz, 1993, Buttgereit et al., 1991, Kaltschmidt et al., 1991, Michiels et al., 1991, Raff et al., 1982)
          β3-Tubulin
          (Kaipa et al., 2013, Rudolf et al., 2013, Dottermusch-Heidel et al., 2012, Rudolf et al., 2012, Schaub et al., 2012, Figeac et al., 2010, Junion et al., 2007, Schafer et al., 2007, Schnorrer et al., 2007, Schroter et al., 2004, Dettman et al., 1996)
          β3-tubulin
          (Bonn et al., 2013, Schmidt et al., 2012, Hornbruch-Freitag et al., 2011, Bataillé et al., 2010, Klein et al., 2010, Guerin and Kramer, 2009, Liu et al., 2009, Qian and Bodmer, 2009, Hoyle et al., 2008, Popodi et al., 2008, Liotta et al., 2007, Orgogozo et al., 2007, Zikova et al., 2003, Dettman et al., 2001, Rau et al., 2001, Zaffran et al., 2001, Hoyle et al., 2000, Paululat et al., 1999, Paululat et al., 1999, Roy and VijayRaghavan, 1999, Knirr et al., 1997, Serrano et al., 1997, Drosopoulou and Scouras, 1995, Ranganayakulu et al., 1995, de Cock et al., 1993, Fristrom and Fristrom, 1993, Gonczy et al., 1992, Murphy, 1991, Kimble et al., 1989)
          β3tubulin
          (Popichenko et al., 2007, Albrecht et al., 2006, Liotta et al., 2004)
          βtubulin
          (Duchi et al., 2010)
          Secondary FlyBase IDs
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            References (280)