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Gene Dmel\βTub85D

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\βTub85D	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	β-Tubulin at 85D	Annotation symbol	CG9359
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0003889
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	16 publicly available
Also Known As	B2t, β2, betaTub85D, β2t
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3R	Recombination map	3-48.5
Cytogenetic map	85D15-85D15	Sequence location	3R:5,234,105..5,236,004 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene β-Tubulin at 85D is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\βTub85D (CG9359, FBgn0003889). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Based on sequence similarity, it is predicted to have molecular function: structural constituent of cytoskeleton. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: salivary gland morphogenesis. 20 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system; multicellular structure; organelle; elongation stage spermatid; late extended germ band embryo; anatomical structure; cellular process involved in reproduction; non-connected developing system; cell cycle; primordium. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Beta tubulin; Beta tubulin, autoregulation binding site; Tubulin; Tubulin, C-terminal; Tubulin, conserved site; Tubulin/FtsZ, 2-layer sandwich domain; Tubulin/FtsZ, C-terminal; Tubulin/FtsZ, GTPase domain. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout the pupal period, in adult male stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval fat body, adult testis. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1624746_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of betaTub85D. Gene sequence location is 3R:5234105..5236004.
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	βTub85D (β2t) A structural gene for β-tubulin. It is transcribed into mRNA that is testis-specific; the mRNA is translated into a β-tubulin subunit that is involved in the formation of microtubules in the sperm tail axoneme, the cytoplasmic microtubules, and the meiotic spindle (Kemphues et al., 1982; Fuller et al., 1988). Only the microtubules of the mitotic spindle are not affected by a null mutation in βTub85D. The first mutant discovered, βTub85DD (Kemphues et al., 1979, 1980, 1982, 1983), codes in males for an electrophoretic variant of β2-tubulin that causes disruption of microtubule function in all stages of spermatogenesis (beginning with meiosis) and shows abnormal spindle formation, abnormal chromosome movement, and no cytokinesis. This phenotype is expressed in males in both homo- and heterozygotes; mutants heterozygous over wild type contain both wild-type and mutant β2-tubulins; mutants over a deficiency for the locus contain only mutant β2-tubulin. Severity of effect on meiosis is as follows: βTub85DD/βTub85DD > βTub85DD/+ > βTub85DD/+/+, the first two genotypes being sterile and the last weakly fertile. All females are fertile. Chromosome replication and condensation appear normal. Recessive male-sterile mutations have also been induced, two of them in βTub85DD chromosomes and the rest in βTub85D+ chromosomes. Testes of flies homozygous for the recessives βTub85D3, βTub85D4, βTub85DDrv1, and βTub85DDrv2 synthesize, but later degrade, both α-Tubulin and β-tubulin and show abnormalities in meiotic divisions, nuclear shaping, and formation of the flagellar axoneme (Kemphues et al., 1982, 1983; Fuller, 1986). The most extreme recessive allele, βTub85Dn, is male sterile but female fertile when homozygous (Fuller et al., 1988); heterozygotes raised at 25 are male fertile, but those raised at 18 are male sterile. Recessive alleles βTub85D6 - βTub85D10 seem to accumulate normal amounts of β-tubulin but the β-tubulin subunits are defective. βTub85D6, βTub85D7, and βTub85D8 cause different defects in spermatogenesis. βTub85D8 is unable to form normal closed microtubules (Fuller et al., 1987); in homozygous males it is defective in meiosis, nuclear shaping, and flagellar elongation. This allele is semi-dominant; heterozygous males with one normal and one abnormal tubulin subunit, form some functional sperm. Transheterozygotes between ms(3)nc (second site non-complementing) mutations and certain βTub85D alleles are male sterile even if wild-type copies of both genes are present (Fuller, 1986); a deletion of a ms(3)nc mutation in a heterozygote over βTub85Dn, however, is fertile in males.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2012_01	Sequence features BKN30793 HFA16910 References Koppen et al., 2011, Proteomics 11(22): 4397--4410 Controlled Vocabulary Terms GTP catabolic process day 6 of adulthood day 5 of adulthood male day 7 of adulthood spermatozoon
FB2011_10
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 85D15-85D15   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(3)L4092L4092 and P{PZ}ps10615&P{PZ}Ras85D06677
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 85D-85D   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Michiels et al., 1989) 85D-85D   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Bialojan et al., 1984) 85D-85D   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984) 85D-85D   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Sanchez et al., 1980)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3-48.5   3-48.49 (Kemphues et al., 1980)
Left of (cM)	by (Fuller et al., 1988)
Right of (cM)	p (Kemphues et al., 1980, Fuller et al., 1988)
Notes	βTub85D6 maps to 48.45 +/- 0.2. βTub85D7 maps to 48.57 +/- 0.16. βTub85D8 maps to 48.54 +/- 0.16. (Fuller et al., 1988)
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\βTub85D for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) βTub85D-RA FBtr0082046  NM_079566   1841   446
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	2.2 (northern blot) (Bialojan et al., 1984, Michiels et al., 1987) 2.0, 1.8 (northern blot) (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984) 1.338 (sequence analysis) (Rudolph et al., 1987)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein βTub85D-PA   FBpp0081524   49.9   446   4.45     NP_524290   AAF54373
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	446 (aa); 55 (kD predicted) (Rudolph et al., 1987) 446 (aa) (Michiels et al., 1987)
Comments	Polypeptides were identified in wing imaginal discs and in the CME W2 wing imaginal disc cell line by 2D gel electrophoresis and by microsequencing. (Santaren et al., 1993)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Tubulin (IPR000217) Beta tubulin (IPR002453) Tubulin/FtsZ, GTPase domain (IPR003008) Tubulin/FtsZ, C-terminal (IPR008280) Tubulin, conserved site (IPR017975) Tubulin/FtsZ, 2-layer sandwich domain (IPR018316) Beta tubulin, autoregulation binding site (IPR013838) Tubulin, C-terminal (IPR023123)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE014297 AAF54373   AI062738   AI062808   AI107011   AI109838   AI135799   AI293577   AI389375   AI402740   AI402817   AI404763   AI946525   AK255139   AK255735   AK271128   AK272968   AK278896   AK281162   AK282976   AK283254   AK283393   AK283713   AK283922   AK284028   AY118725 AAM50585   AY231753   BE975033   BE976193   BE977779   BE977794   BE978149   BF486508   BF487534   BF488289   BF488508   BF488524   BF488914   BF489064   BF489305   BF489708   BF490232   BF490306   BF491176   BF491818   BF493326   BF494694   BF496644   BF497129   BF497455   BF499790   BF501088   BF501269   BF501411   BF501678   BF501886   BF502507   BF502830   BF502975   BF504643   BF506586   BG633749   BG635375   BT003242   BT015991   BT125650   BX060529   DQ675544   EC063283   EF070480   EF091947   EF207965   GU983915   M20420 AAA28991   X06139 CAA29498   X06141
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P61857
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   somatic mesoderm   (Corbin et al., 1991) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 6     (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984) Comment:reference states 0-3 hr AEL third instar larval stage     (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984) prepupal stage     (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984) pupal stage     (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984) spermatogenesis & adult stage   testis   (Bialojan et al., 1984)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference third instar larval stage   wing disc   (Santaren et al., 1993) mass spectroscopy Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male   spermatozoon   (Dorus et al., 2006, Wasbrough et al., 2010)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0003889    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0003889 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout the pupal period, in adult male stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0003889 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    11 embryo 04-06hr    6 embryo 06-08hr    11 embryo 08-10hr    14 embryo 10-12hr    33 embryo 12-14hr    48 embryo 14-16hr    68 embryo 16-18hr    68 embryo 18-20hr    51 embryo 20-22hr    60 embryo 22-24hr    80 larva L1    57 larva L2    11 larva L3 12hr old    59 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2238 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5329 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6287 white prepupae new    6112 white prepupae 12hr    13137 white prepupae 24hr    19502 pupae 2d postWPP    25321 pupae 3d postWPP    24594 pupae 4d postWPP    25858 adult male 01day    35366 adult male 05day    48774 adult male 30day    51178 adult female 01day    27 adult female 05day    5 adult female 30day    10 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    11 embryo 04-06hr    6 embryo 06-08hr    11 embryo 08-10hr    14 embryo 10-12hr    33 embryo 12-14hr    48 embryo 14-16hr    68 embryo 16-18hr    68 embryo 18-20hr    51 embryo 20-22hr    60 embryo 22-24hr    80 larva L1    57 larva L2    11 larva L3 12hr old    59 larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (2238) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (5329) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (6287) white prepupae new  (6112) white prepupae 12hr  (13137) white prepupae 24hr  (19502) pupae 2d postWPP  (25321) pupae 3d postWPP  (24594) pupae 4d postWPP  (25858) adult male 01day  (35366) adult male 05day  (48774) adult male 30day  (51178) adult female 01day    27 adult female 05day    5 adult female 30day    10 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    11 embryo 04-06hr    6 embryo 06-08hr    11 embryo 08-10hr    14 embryo 10-12hr    33 embryo 12-14hr    48 embryo 14-16hr    68 embryo 16-18hr    68 embryo 18-20hr    51 embryo 20-22hr    60 embryo 22-24hr    80 larva L1    57 larva L2    11 larva L3 12hr old    59 larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (2238) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (5329) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (6287) white prepupae new  (6112) white prepupae 12hr  (13137) white prepupae 24hr  (19502) pupae 2d postWPP  (25321) pupae 3d postWPP  (24594) pupae 4d postWPP  (25858) adult male 01day  (35366) adult male 05day  (48774) adult male 30day  (51178) adult female 01day    27 adult female 05day    5 adult female 30day    10 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    11 embryo 04-06hr    6 embryo 06-08hr    11 embryo 08-10hr    14 embryo 10-12hr    33 embryo 12-14hr    48 embryo 14-16hr    68 embryo 16-18hr    68 embryo 18-20hr    51 embryo 20-22hr    60 embryo 22-24hr    80 larva L1    57 larva L2    11 larva L3 12hr old    59 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2238 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5329 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6287 white prepupae new    6112 white prepupae 12hr  (13137) white prepupae 24hr  (19502) pupae 2d postWPP  (25321) pupae 3d postWPP  (24594) pupae 4d postWPP  (25858) adult male 01day  (35366) adult male 05day  (48774) adult male 30day  (51178) adult female 01day    27 adult female 05day    5 adult female 30day    10 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    11 embryo 04-06hr    6 embryo 06-08hr    11 embryo 08-10hr    14 embryo 10-12hr    33 embryo 12-14hr    48 embryo 14-16hr    68 embryo 16-18hr    68 embryo 18-20hr    51 embryo 20-22hr    60 embryo 22-24hr    80 larva L1    57 larva L2    11 larva L3 12hr old    59 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2238 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5329 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6287 white prepupae new    6112 white prepupae 12hr    13137 white prepupae 24hr    19502 pupae 2d postWPP    25321 pupae 3d postWPP    24594 pupae 4d postWPP    25858 adult male 01day    35366 adult male 05day    48774 adult male 30day    51178 adult female 01day    27 adult female 05day    5 adult female 30day    10 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0003889 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    11 embryo 04-06hr    6 embryo 06-08hr    11 embryo 08-10hr    14 embryo 10-12hr    33 embryo 12-14hr    48 embryo 14-16hr    68 embryo 16-18hr    68 embryo 18-20hr    51 embryo 20-22hr    60 embryo 22-24hr    80 larva L1    57 larva L2    11 larva L3 12hr old    59 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2238 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5329 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6287 white prepupae new    6112 white prepupae 12hr    13137 white prepupae 24hr    19502 pupae 2d postWPP    25321 pupae 3d postWPP    24594 pupae 4d postWPP    25858 adult male 01day    35366 adult male 05day    48774 adult male 30day    51178 adult female 01day    27 adult female 05day    5 adult female 30day    10 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    11 embryo 04-06hr    6 embryo 06-08hr    11 embryo 08-10hr    14 embryo 10-12hr    33 embryo 12-14hr    48 embryo 14-16hr    68 embryo 16-18hr    68 embryo 18-20hr    51 embryo 20-22hr    60 embryo 22-24hr    80 larva L1    57 larva L2    11 larva L3 12hr old    59 larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (2238) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (5329) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (6287) white prepupae new  (6112) white prepupae 12hr  (13137) white prepupae 24hr  (19502) pupae 2d postWPP  (25321) pupae 3d postWPP  (24594) pupae 4d postWPP  (25858) adult male 01day  (35366) adult male 05day  (48774) adult male 30day  (51178) adult female 01day    27 adult female 05day    5 adult female 30day    10 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    11 embryo 04-06hr    6 embryo 06-08hr    11 embryo 08-10hr    14 embryo 10-12hr    33 embryo 12-14hr    48 embryo 14-16hr    68 embryo 16-18hr    68 embryo 18-20hr    51 embryo 20-22hr    60 embryo 22-24hr    80 larva L1    57 larva L2    11 larva L3 12hr old    59 larva L3 puffstage 1-2  2238 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (5329) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (6287) white prepupae new  (6112) white prepupae 12hr  (13137) white prepupae 24hr  (19502) pupae 2d postWPP  (25321) pupae 3d postWPP  (24594) pupae 4d postWPP  (25858) adult male 01day  (35366) adult male 05day  (48774) adult male 30day  (51178) adult female 01day    27 adult female 05day    5 adult female 30day    10 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    11 embryo 04-06hr    6 embryo 06-08hr    11 embryo 08-10hr    14 embryo 10-12hr    33 embryo 12-14hr    48 embryo 14-16hr    68 embryo 16-18hr    68 embryo 18-20hr    51 embryo 20-22hr    60 embryo 22-24hr    80 larva L1    57 larva L2    11 larva L3 12hr old    59 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2238 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5329 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6287 white prepupae new    6112 white prepupae 12hr  13137 white prepupae 24hr  19502 pupae 2d postWPP  (25321) pupae 3d postWPP  (24594) pupae 4d postWPP  (25858) adult male 01day  (35366) adult male 05day  (48774) adult male 30day  (51178) adult female 01day    27 adult female 05day    5 adult female 30day    10 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    11 embryo 04-06hr    6 embryo 06-08hr    11 embryo 08-10hr    14 embryo 10-12hr    33 embryo 12-14hr    48 embryo 14-16hr    68 embryo 16-18hr    68 embryo 18-20hr    51 embryo 20-22hr    60 embryo 22-24hr    80 larva L1    57 larva L2    11 larva L3 12hr old    59 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2238 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5329 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6287 white prepupae new    6112 white prepupae 12hr    13137 white prepupae 24hr    19502 pupae 2d postWPP    25321 pupae 3d postWPP    24594 pupae 4d postWPP    25858 adult male 01day    35366 adult male 05day    48774 adult male 30day    51178 adult female 01day    27 adult female 05day    5 adult female 30day    10 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0003889    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0003889 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval fat body, adult testis. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0003889 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    22.625 Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut    4.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.7 Larval Fat Body    789.2 Larval Salivary Gland    3.4 Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass    8.45 Adult Head    8.3 Adult Eye    6.4 Adult Brain no informative data Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    26 Adult Crop    3.7 Adult Midgut    4.8 Adult Hindgut    1.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.1 Adult Fat Body    4.5 Adult Salivary Gland    3.9 Adult Heart    1.9 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    4.3 Adult Ovary    3.2 Adult Testis    3184.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.6 Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    22.625 Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut    4.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.7 Larval Fat Body  (789.2) Larval Salivary Gland    3.4 Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass    8.45 Adult Head    8.3 Adult Eye    6.4 Adult Brain no informative data Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    26 Adult Crop    3.7 Adult Midgut    4.8 Adult Hindgut    1.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.1 Adult Fat Body    4.5 Adult Salivary Gland    3.9 Adult Heart    1.9 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    4.3 Adult Ovary    3.2 Adult Testis  (3184.1) Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.6 Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    22.625 Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut    4.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.7 Larval Fat Body    789.2 Larval Salivary Gland    3.4 Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass    8.45 Adult Head    8.3 Adult Eye    6.4 Adult Brain no informative data Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    26 Adult Crop    3.7 Adult Midgut    4.8 Adult Hindgut    1.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.1 Adult Fat Body    4.5 Adult Salivary Gland    3.9 Adult Heart    1.9 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    4.3 Adult Ovary    3.2 Adult Testis  (3184.1) Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.6 Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    22.625 Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut    4.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.7 Larval Fat Body    789.2 Larval Salivary Gland    3.4 Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass    8.45 Adult Head    8.3 Adult Eye    6.4 Adult Brain no informative data Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    26 Adult Crop    3.7 Adult Midgut    4.8 Adult Hindgut    1.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.1 Adult Fat Body    4.5 Adult Salivary Gland    3.9 Adult Heart    1.9 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    4.3 Adult Ovary    3.2 Adult Testis    3184.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.6 Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0003889 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    22.625 Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut    4.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.7 Larval Fat Body    789.2 Larval Salivary Gland    3.4 Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass    8.45 Adult Head    8.3 Adult Eye    6.4 Adult Brain no informative data Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    26 Adult Crop    3.7 Adult Midgut    4.8 Adult Hindgut    1.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.1 Adult Fat Body    4.5 Adult Salivary Gland    3.9 Adult Heart    1.9 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    4.3 Adult Ovary    3.2 Adult Testis    3184.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.6 Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    22.625 Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut    4.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.7 Larval Fat Body  789.2 Larval Salivary Gland    3.4 Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass    8.45 Adult Head    8.3 Adult Eye    6.4 Adult Brain no informative data Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    26 Adult Crop    3.7 Adult Midgut    4.8 Adult Hindgut    1.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.1 Adult Fat Body    4.5 Adult Salivary Gland    3.9 Adult Heart    1.9 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    4.3 Adult Ovary    3.2 Adult Testis  (3184.1) Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.6 Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    22.625 Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut    4.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.7 Larval Fat Body    789.2 Larval Salivary Gland    3.4 Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass    8.45 Adult Head    8.3 Adult Eye    6.4 Adult Brain no informative data Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    26 Adult Crop    3.7 Adult Midgut    4.8 Adult Hindgut    1.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.1 Adult Fat Body    4.5 Adult Salivary Gland    3.9 Adult Heart    1.9 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    4.3 Adult Ovary    3.2 Adult Testis  (3184.1) Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.6 Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    22.625 Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut    4.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.7 Larval Fat Body    789.2 Larval Salivary Gland    3.4 Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass    8.45 Adult Head    8.3 Adult Eye    6.4 Adult Brain no informative data Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    26 Adult Crop    3.7 Adult Midgut    4.8 Adult Hindgut    1.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.1 Adult Fat Body    4.5 Adult Salivary Gland    3.9 Adult Heart    1.9 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    4.3 Adult Ovary    3.2 Adult Testis    3184.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.6 Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain no informative data Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass no informative data FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    8.3   NA  Eye    6.4   NA  Brain    no informative data   22.625  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    26   NA  Crop    3.7   no informative data  Midgut    4.8   4.1  Hindgut    1.9   4.7  Malpighian Tubules    6.1   789.2  Fat Body    4.5   3.4  Salivary Gland    3.9   NA  Heart    1.9   no informative data  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.2   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    4.3   NA  Ovary    3.2   NA  Testis    3184.1   NA  Male Accessory Gland    3.6   8.45  Carcass    no informative data modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_33
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003889 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG9359-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for βTub85D Stages(s) 7-8 Stages(s) 9-10 Stages(s) 11-12 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 βTub85DGD14200 Sterility Allele female fertile βTub85DD male fertile βTub85D432 male fertile (with βTub85D6) βTub85D8 male fertile (with βTub85D8) βTub85D6 male sterile βTub85D3 βTub85D4 βTub85D6 βTub85D10g βTub85D432 βTub85Dn male sterile, with βTub85D432 βTub85Dn male sterile, with βTub85Dn βTub85D432 male sterile (with βTub85D6) βTub85Dn male sterile (with βTub85D7) βTub85Dn male sterile (with βTub85D8) βTub85Dn male sterile (with βTub85Dn) βTub85D6 βTub85D7 βTub85D8 male sterile | dominant βTub85DD male sterile | recessive βTub85D3 βTub85D4 βTub85D6 βTub85D7 βTub85D8 βTub85D9 βTub85D10 βTub85D11 βTub85D397 βTub85DDrv1 βTub85DDrv2 βTub85Dn male sterile | semidominant βTub85D8 Other Phenotypes Allele cytokinesis defective βTub85D432 cytokinesis defective | male | recessive βTub85D7 βTub85D8 electrophoretic variant βTub85D6 βTub85D7 βTub85D8 meiotic cell cycle defective βTub85D432 meiotic cell cycle defective | male βTub85DDrv1 βTub85DDrv2 meiotic cell cycle defective | male (with βTub85D7) βTub85Dn meiotic cell cycle defective | male (with βTub85Dn) βTub85D7 wild-type βTub85D+t4.55 Phenotype manifest in Allele axoneme βTub85D397 βTub85D432 βTub85D6 βTub85D7 βTub85D8 βTub85DD βTub85Dn fusion competent cell βTub85D6 βTub85Dn meiosis I βTub85DD meiosis II βTub85DD meiotic cell cycle & spindle | male βTub85D8 meiotic cell cycle | male βTub85D7 βTub85D8 βTub85DD microtubule βTub85D10 βTub85D11 βTub85D3 βTub85D6 βTub85D7 βTub85D9 βTub85Dn microtubule & testis βTub85D10g βTub85D3 βTub85D4 βTub85DDrv1 βTub85DDrv2 muscle founder cell βTub85Dn Nebenkern derivative βTub85D7 βTub85DD presumptive embryonic salivary gland βTub85D6 βTub85DDrv2 βTub85Dn presumptive embryonic salivary gland (with Df(3R)by10) βTub85D6 βTub85Dn presumptive embryonic salivary gland (with βTub85D6) βTub85Dn presumptive embryonic salivary gland (with βTub85Dn) βTub85D6 primary spermatocyte cyst βTub85D397 βTub85Dn seminal vesicle βTub85D6 spermatid βTub85D397 βTub85D432 βTub85D8 βTub85DD βTub85DDrv1 βTub85DDrv2 βTub85Dn spermatid & nucleus βTub85DDrv1 βTub85DDrv2 spermatid axoneme βTub85D6 βTub85D7 βTub85D8 βTub85Dn spermatid axoneme, with βTub85D432 βTub85Dn spermatid axoneme, with βTub85Dn βTub85D432 spermatocyte βTub85Dn spermatozoon βTub85D432 βTub85DD spermatozoon, with βTub85D432 βTub85Dn spermatozoon, with βTub85Dn βTub85D432 spermatozoon & axoneme βTub85D6 spindle βTub85DD spindle & meiotic cell cycle | male βTub85DD testis βTub85D10 βTub85D11 βTub85D3 βTub85D6 βTub85D7 βTub85D9 βTub85DDrv1 βTub85DDrv2
Classical Alleles ( 14 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of βTub85D Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion βTub85DD ethyl methanesulfonate 6 Yes βTub85Dn loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 2 Yes βTub85D3 ethyl methanesulfonate 2 Yes βTub85DDrv2 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 2 Yes βTub85D6 loss of function allele, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes βTub85DDrv1 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes βTub85D10 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- βTub85D10g ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes βTub85D11 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- βTub85D4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes βTub85D7 loss of function allele, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes βTub85D8 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes βTub85D9 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- βTub85Dunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 6 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of βTub85D Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion βTub85DcRa in vitro construct - deletion 1 Yes βTub85DGD14200 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes βTub85D397 amorphic allele - genetic evidence in vitro construct - amino acid replacement in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes βTub85D+t4.55 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes βTub85D432 in vitro construct - amino acid replacement in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes βTub85DKK110793 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3R)by10 (Jattani et al., 2009) In(3R)ScrMscLAntpBR
Not disrupted in	Df(3R)by10 (Kemphues et al., 1983) Df(3R)p46 (Kemphues et al., 1983)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data reporter construct P{-38/+50-TCE} No P{-38/+150-TCE} No P{lacZβTub85D.-9} No P{lacZβTub85D.14} No P{lacZβTub85D.-32} No P{lacZβTub85D.-53+50} No P{lacZβTub85D.-53} No P{lacZβTub85D.-63} No P{lacZβTub85D.-109} No P{lacZβTub85D.-127} No P{lacZβTub85D.-218} No P{lacZβTub85D.-511/+23} No P{lacZβTub85D.-511/+156} No P{Mut1} No P{Mut2} No P{Mut3} No P{Mut4} No P{Mut5} No P{Mut6} No P{Mut7} No P{Mut8} No P{Mut9} No P{Mut10} No P{Mut11} No P{Mut12} No P{Mut18} No P{Mut19} No P{Mut20} No P{Mut21} No P{Mut22} No P{Mut23} No P{Mut24} No P{W-AP} No P{W-APβ3L} No P{W-APβ3S} No P{β2UE1-β3} No characterization construct P{B2t.397} NA P{B2t.432} NA P{β2-Neo} NA P{β2t-Hvβt} NA P{β2β3*-Neo} NA P{β2β3*-pW8} NA P{β3*} NA P{β3+3'UTR} NA P{β3β2C-CaSpeR} NA P{β3β2C-pW8} NA P{βTub56D1-βTub85D2.iii} NA P{βTub56D1-βTub85D2.iv} NA P{βTub85D-FLP} NA P{βTub85D-Scer\SCEI.nls} NA P{βTub85D-Xdazl} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{EPg}HP37453 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 11 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 term )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
salivary gland morphogenesis inferred from genetic interaction with if (Jattani et al., 2009) inferred from genetic interaction with mew (Jattani et al., 2009) inferred from mutant phenotype (Jattani et al., 2009)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 10 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
GTPase activity inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR008280, InterPro:IPR018316 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) GTP binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000217, InterPro:IPR002453, InterPro:IPR008280, InterPro:IPR017975, InterPro:IPR018316 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1988.11.1) structural constituent of cytoskeleton inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000, Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000) structural molecule activity inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002453 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
GTP catabolic process inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR008280, InterPro:IPR018316 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) microtubule-based movement inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002453 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) microtubule-based process inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000) protein polymerization inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003008, InterPro:IPR008280, InterPro:IPR018316 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
microtubule inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000217, InterPro:IPR002453, InterPro:IPR017975 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000, Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1988.11.1) tubulin complex non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1988.11.1)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions βTub85D allele Gene References βTub85D3 hay (Fuller, 1986) wrl (Green et al., 1990) αTub84B (Hays et al., 1989) βTub60D::βTub85D (Fackenthal et al., 1995) βTub85D6 βTub60D::βTub85D (Fackenthal et al., 1995) βTub85D7 wrl (Green et al., 1990) βTub60D::βTub85D (Fackenthal et al., 1995) βTub85D8 αTub84B (Hays et al., 1989) βTub60D::βTub85D (Fackenthal et al., 1995) βTub85D10 wrl (Green et al., 1990) βTub85D11 wrl (Green et al., 1990) βTub85D432 βTub60D::βTub85D (Hoyle et al., 2001) βTub85DDrv1 βTub60D::βTub85D (Fackenthal et al., 1995) βTub85Dn hay (Mounkes and Fuller, 1999) αTub84B (Hays et al., 1989) βTub56D (Raff et al., 2000) βTub56D::βTub85D (Nielsen et al., 2001) βTub60D::βTub85D (Hoyle et al., 2001) βTub85Dunspecified eIF4G2 (Fuller, 1986) mrn (Fuller, 1986) Mst77F (Fuller, 1986) wrl (Fuller, 1986) αTub84B (Fuller, 1986) unspecified bchs (Simonsen et al., 2007) ms(3)nc14 (Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 1998.9.14) wrl (Green et al., 1990)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 66289 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0003889 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003889 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 41124
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF17765 Dere\βTub85D Dgri\GH19142 Dmoj\GI23599 Dper\GL13671 Dpse\GA21728 Dsec\GM26260 Dvir\GJ23573 Dwil\GK12133 Dyak\GE24779
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Daur\βTub85D   Dbio\βTub85D   Dbir\βTub85D   Ddip\βTub85D   Dere\βTub85D   Dhyd\βTub85D   Djam\βTub85D   Dkik\βTub85D   Dpse\GA21728   Dqua\βTub85D   Dseg\βTub85D   Dser\βTub85D   Dtra\βTub85D   Dvul\βTub85D
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AGAP010929-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_392313.1 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001951762.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) At5g12250.1 Arabidopsis thaliana (wall cress) 15405 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (chytrid fungus) 37213 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (chytrid fungus) 96664 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) XP_001896615.1 Brugia malayi (roundworm nematode) BGIBMGA004603-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000008372 Bos taurus (bovine) CAL0005101 Candida albicans (a form of yeast) CN28271 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CBP04002 Caenorhabditis briggsae (nematode) CE00850 Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) ENSCAFP00000000649 Canis familiaris (dog) CAGL0K12650g Candida glabrata (haploid yeast) ENSCINP00000015540 Ciona intestinalis (sea squirt) JA07887 Caenorhabditis japonica (nematode) cn03400 Cryptococcus neoformans (yeast-like fungus) cgd6_4760 Cryptosporidium parvum (protozoan parasite) CPIJ000407 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSCPOP00000010765 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) ENSCPOP00000011593 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) 129868 Chlamidomonas reinhardtii (green alga) 129876 Chlamidomonas reinhardtii (green alga) RP33017 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) ENSCSAVP00000007828 Ciona savignyi (sedentary tunicate) 156132 Capitella spl (polychaete worm) DDB0191169 Dictyostelium discoideum (amoeba) DEHA2D08800g Debaryomyces Hansenii (yeast) 302845 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ENSDARP00000061148 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSECAP00000000374 Equus caballus (horse) XP_657170 Entamoeba histolytica (anaerobic protozoan) ENSGACP00000004581 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGACP00000012745 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGALP00000022436 Gallus gallus (chicken) GL50803_101291 Giardia lamblia (flagellated protozoan) GL50803_136020 Giardia lamblia (flagellated protozoan) GL50803_136021 Giardia lamblia (flagellated protozoan) 186143 Hypsipyla robusta (cedar shoot borer) ENSP00000259818 Homo sapiens (human) ENSP00000341289 Homo sapiens (human) ISCW017133-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) KLLA0D05269g Kluyveromyces lactis (yeast) 197703 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) 204297 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) 220547 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) 223043 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) LmjF21.1860 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0792 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0794 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0796 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0798 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0800 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0802 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0804 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0806 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0808 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0810 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0812 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0814 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0816 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0818 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0819 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0820 Leishmania major (virus) 14310 Monocosta brevicollis (choanoflagellate) 31534 Monocosta brevicollis (choanoflagellate) ENSMODP00000021471 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000015958 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMMUP00000031327 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMUSP00000042342 Mus musculus (house mouse) ENSMUSP00000075178 Mus musculus (house mouse) 167737 Nematostella vectensis (starlet anemone) XP_001602360.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000007587 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSORLP00000020413 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) LOC_Os03g56810.1 Oryza sativa (asian rice) 14914 Ostreococcus tauri (green alga) PF10_0084 Plasmodium falciparum (protozoal parasite) PHUM001809-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) PP18698 Pristionchus pacificus (nematode) 232451 Physcomitrella patens (moss) ENSPPYP00000018099 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) 72114 Phytophthora ramorum (sudden oak death pathogen) 109498 Phytophthora sojae (root rot pathogen) 672205 Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood) 708103 Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood) ENSPTRP00000030184 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) ENSPTRP00000042323 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) PVX_094635 Plasmodium vivax (protozoal parasite) ENSRNOP00000013863 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) ENSRNOP00000023582 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) 5048023 Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) YFL037W Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) Smp_035760 Schistosoma mansoni (trematode parasite) SPBC26H8.07c Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) XP_001176315.1 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) 63686 Trichoplax adhaerens (metazoa) TA13315 Theileria annulata (apicomplexan parasite) XP_969993.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) Tc00.1047053506563.40 Trypanosoma cruzi (parasitic trypanosome) ENSTNIP00000010836 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) TP02_0464 Theileria parva (parasitic protozoan) 8069 Thalassiosira pseudonana (marine diatom) ENSTRUP00000030731 Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish Takifugu) 3703.m00089 Tetrahymena thermophila (ciliate protozoa) 3743.m00003 Tetrahymena thermophila (ciliate protozoa) 80530.m00059 Trichomonas vaginalis (parasitic flagellated protozoan) 81512.m00101 Trichomonas vaginalis (parasitic flagellated protozoan) 82360.m00223 Trichomonas vaginalis (parasitic flagellated protozoan) 96044.m00350 Trichomonas vaginalis (parasitic flagellated protozoan) ENSXETP00000050676 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) YALI0E00726g Yarrowia lipolytica (nonconventional yeast) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB19307 FBgn0241882 FBgn0214144 FBgn0210670 FBgn0192261 FBgn0181115 FBgn0081713 FBgn0146325 FBgn0126609 FBgn0022664 FBgn0094783
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 16 )
Bloomington	2449 βTub85D3 cu1/TM3, Sb1 6971 y1 w*; P{y-donor}1B Sb1/TM6 2448 st1 βTub85DDrv2 by1/TM3, Sb1 2453 kniri-1 βTub85Dn e1/TM3, Sb1 1784 st1 βTub85DDrv1 pp ss1/TM3, Sb1 1393 ru1 h1 th1 st1 βTub85D6 ca1/TM2 2451 st1 βTub85DD ss1 es/TM2 & dsxD Sb1 e1/TM2
Kyoto	107336 βTub85D3 cu1/TM3, Sb1 107335 st1 βTub85DDrv2 by1/TM3, Sb1 107340 kniri-1 βTub85Dn e1/TM3, Sb1 107338 st1 βTub85DD ss1 es/TM2 & dsxD Sb1 e1/TM2
VDRC	v24144 w1118 P{GD14200}v24144
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR19J06 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 52 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GH02051 GH12877 LD43681 RE53159
Other clones	DPiM_GH02051 yak-em_betaTub56D
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT01654 AT03416 AT06242 AT09113 AT10531 AT11221 AT11628 AT14537 AT16308 AT16538 AT16719 AT17071 AT17461 AT18353 AT18663 AT18850 AT20833 AT22392 AT23525 AT23807 AT23912 AT24581 AT24763 AT25267 AT25837 AT26549 AT26643 AT27856 AT28736 AT29471 AT31945 GH02151 GH06290 GH09217 GH13680 GH20527 GH22027 GH22116 GH24590 LP06747
Other clones	bs27d08 bs37h04 bs48a02 bs69a03 bs69b10 bs74e08
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003889 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 41124
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
	When Hvir\βt is coexpressed with βTub85D the moth isoform imposed the 16-protofilament structure, characteristic of that found in moth, on the corresponding subset of microtubules, which normally contain only 13-protofilament microtubules. This demonstrates the architecture of the microtubule cytoskeleton can be directed by a component of β-tubulin. (Raff et al., 1997) Sequence information in the internal variable region is important for morphological development of the axoneme microtubules. This domain acts in concert with the variable C-terminus and both are involved in determining some of the functional properties that are unique to a given β-tubulin isoform. (Fackenthal et al., 1995) The correct tubulin protein levels in the male germ cells is investigated. (Hoyle et al., 1995) Analysis of truncated βTub85D products reveals that the carboxy terminus is required for the organization of microtubule suprastructures in spermatogenesis. (Fackenthal et al., 1993) An 18bp element, DE1 (downstream element 1), present in the 5' untranslated region of βTub85D is required for enhanced mRNA stability during spermiogenesis. The function of this element is autonomous and is transferable also on other mRNAs. (Michiels et al., 1993) Identified in 2D gels of CMW W2 wing imaginal disc cell proteins. (Santaren et al., 1993) Altered pattern of βTub85D gene expression in neurogenic mutants indicates a role for the neurogenic genes in the development of most visceral and somatic muscles. (Corbin et al., 1991) The distribution of βTub56D, βTub60D and βTub85D proteins in the testes has been analysed. (Kaltschmidt et al., 1991) A 14bp promoter element required for testis-specific βTub85D expression has been investigated using βTub85D-Ecol\lacZ regulatory fusion constructs. (Michiels et al., 1991) P-element mediated transformation studies suggest that βTub60D can support only a subset of the multiple functions normally performed by βTub85D. Coexpression of βTub60D and βTub85D in the male germ line allows spindles and all classes of cytoplasmic microtubules to assemble and function normally. However when βTub60D exceeds 20% of the total testis β-tubulin pool it acts in a dominant way to disrupt normal axoneme assembly. (Hoyle and Raff, 1990) An allele of αTub84B has been identified due to second site non-complementation of alleles (including a null allele) of βTub85D. The genetic interaction between βTub85D and αTub84B is based on the structural interaction between the protein products of each gene. (Hays et al., 1989) Sequences required for the testis-specific expression of βTub85D have been investigated using βTub85D-Ecol\lacZ fusion constructs. (Michiels et al., 1989) The degree of homology between βTub85D and βTub56D is high and there is complete sequence conservation in the βTub85D proteins of D.melanogaster and D.hydei. (Michiels et al., 1987) Tubulins are the main structural components of microtubules in mitotic and meiotic spindles, cilia, flagella, neural processes and the cytoskeleton; nontubulin proteins (MAPS or microtubule-associated proteins) are involved along with tubulins in the formation of specialized microtubules (Theurkauf, Baum, Bo and Wensink, 1986; Rudolph, Kimble, Hoyle, Subler and Raff, 1987). Tubulin proteins are found in a wide variety of species from unicellular organisms to man; their biochemical and molecular structure is highly conserved. The α- and β-subunits from different organisms can be combined in vitro into hybrid microtubule structures and there is a high level of primary amino acid sequence identity in the proteins (Sanchez, Natzle, Cleveland, Kirschner and McCarthy, 1980; Raff, 1984). In D.melanogaster, two multigene families, each made up of four members, code for α- and β-tubulins, each tubulin subunit being a 55,000 dalton polypeptide. The tubulin genes in each multigene family are dispersed in the second and/or third chromosomes rather than arranged in clusters. βTub85D is a structural gene for β-tubulin. It is transcribed into mRNA that is testis-specific; the mRNA is translated into a β-tubulin subunit that is involved in the formation of microtubules in the sperm tail axoneme, the cytoplasmic microtubules and the meiotic spindle (Kemphues, Kaufman, Raff and Raff, 1982; Fuller, Caulton, Hutchens, Kaufman and Raff, 1988). Only the microtubules of the mitotic spindle are not affected by a null mutation in βTub85D. The first mutant discovered, βTub85DD (Kemphues Raff, Kaufman and Raff, 1979; Kemphues, Raff, Raff and Kaufman, 1980; Kemphues, Kaufman, Raff and Raff, 1982; Kemphues, Kaufman, Raff and Raff, 1983), codes in males for an electrophoretic variant of β2-tubulin that causes disruption of microtubule function in all stages of spermatogenesis (beginning with meiosis) and shows abnormal spindle formation, abnormal chromosome movement and no cytokinesis. This phenotype is expressed in males in both homo- and heterozygotes; mutants heterozygous over wild type contain both wild-type and mutant β2-tubulins; mutants over a deficiency for the locus contain only mutant β2-tubulin. Severity of effect on meiosis is as follows: βTub85DD/βTub85DD > βTub85DD/+ > βTub85DD/+/+, the first two genotypes being sterile and the last weakly fertile. All females are fertile. Chromosome replication and condensation appear normal. Recessive male-sterile mutations have also been induced, two of them in βTub85DD chromosomes and the rest in βTub85D+ chromosomes. Testes of flies homozygous for the recessives βTub85D3, βTub85D4, βTub85DDrv1, and βTub85DDrv2 synthesize, but later degrade, both α-tubulin and β-tubulin and show abnormalities in meiotic divisions, nuclear shaping, and formation of the flagellar axoneme (Kemphues, Kaufman, Raff and Raff, 1982; Kemphues, Kaufman, Raff and Raff, 1983; Fuller, 1986). The most extreme recessive allele, βTub85Dn, is male sterile but female fertile when homozygous (Fuller, Caulton, Hutchens, Kaufman and Raff, 1988); heterozygotes raised at 25oC are male fertile, but those raised at 18oC are male sterile. Recessive alleles βTub85D6 - βTub85D10 seem to accumulate normal amounts of β-tubulin but the β-tubulin subunits are defective. βTub85D6, βTub85D7 and βTub85D8 cause different defects in spermatogenesis. βTub85D8 is unable to form normal closed microtubules (Fuller, Caulton, Hutchens, Kaufman and Raff, 1987); in homozygous males it is defective in meiosis, nuclear shaping, and flagellar elongation. This allele is semidominant; heterozygous males with one normal and one abnormal tubulin subunit, form some functional sperm. Transheterozygotes between ms(3)nc (second site non-complementing) mutations and certain βTub85D alleles are male sterile even if wild-type copies of both genes are present (Fuller, 1986); a deletion of a ms(3)nc mutation in a heterozygote over βTub85Dn, however, is fertile in males.
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_079566 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_524290 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAA28991 AAF54373 AAM50585 AI062738 AI946525 AY118725 CAA29498 M20420 X06139 X06141 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 41124 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P61857
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Tubulin (IPR000217) Beta tubulin (IPR002453) Tubulin/FtsZ, GTPase domain (IPR003008) Tubulin/FtsZ, C-terminal (IPR008280) Tubulin, conserved site (IPR017975) Tubulin/FtsZ, 2-layer sandwich domain (IPR018316) Beta tubulin, autoregulation binding site (IPR013838) Tubulin, C-terminal (IPR023123)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 66289 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0003889 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003889 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003889 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003889 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG9359-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0003889 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 41124 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AGAP010929-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_392313.1 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001951762.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) At5g12250.1 Arabidopsis thaliana (wall cress) 15405 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (chytrid fungus) 37213 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (chytrid fungus) 96664 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) XP_001896615.1 Brugia malayi (roundworm nematode) BGIBMGA004603-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000008372 Bos taurus (bovine) CAL0005101 Candida albicans (a form of yeast) CN28271 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CBP04002 Caenorhabditis briggsae (nematode) CE00850 Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) ENSCAFP00000000649 Canis familiaris (dog) CAGL0K12650g Candida glabrata (haploid yeast) ENSCINP00000015540 Ciona intestinalis (sea squirt) JA07887 Caenorhabditis japonica (nematode) cn03400 Cryptococcus neoformans (yeast-like fungus) cgd6_4760 Cryptosporidium parvum (protozoan parasite) CPIJ000407 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSCPOP00000010765 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) ENSCPOP00000011593 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) 129868 Chlamidomonas reinhardtii (green alga) 129876 Chlamidomonas reinhardtii (green alga) RP33017 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) ENSCSAVP00000007828 Ciona savignyi (sedentary tunicate) 156132 Capitella spl (polychaete worm) DDB0191169 Dictyostelium discoideum (amoeba) DEHA2D08800g Debaryomyces Hansenii (yeast) 302845 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ENSDARP00000061148 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSECAP00000000374 Equus caballus (horse) XP_657170 Entamoeba histolytica (anaerobic protozoan) ENSGACP00000004581 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGACP00000012745 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGALP00000022436 Gallus gallus (chicken) GL50803_101291 Giardia lamblia (flagellated protozoan) GL50803_136020 Giardia lamblia (flagellated protozoan) GL50803_136021 Giardia lamblia (flagellated protozoan) 186143 Hypsipyla robusta (cedar shoot borer) ENSP00000259818 Homo sapiens (human) ENSP00000341289 Homo sapiens (human) ISCW017133-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) KLLA0D05269g Kluyveromyces lactis (yeast) 197703 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) 204297 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) 220547 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) 223043 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) LmjF21.1860 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0792 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0794 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0796 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0798 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0800 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0802 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0804 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0806 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0808 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0810 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0812 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0814 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0816 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0818 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0819 Leishmania major (virus) LmjF33.0820 Leishmania major (virus) 14310 Monocosta brevicollis (choanoflagellate) 31534 Monocosta brevicollis (choanoflagellate) ENSMODP00000021471 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000015958 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMMUP00000031327 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMUSP00000042342 Mus musculus (house mouse) ENSMUSP00000075178 Mus musculus (house mouse) 167737 Nematostella vectensis (starlet anemone) XP_001602360.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000007587 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSORLP00000020413 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) LOC_Os03g56810.1 Oryza sativa (asian rice) 14914 Ostreococcus tauri (green alga) PF10_0084 Plasmodium falciparum (protozoal parasite) PHUM001809-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) PP18698 Pristionchus pacificus (nematode) 232451 Physcomitrella patens (moss) ENSPPYP00000018099 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) 72114 Phytophthora ramorum (sudden oak death pathogen) 109498 Phytophthora sojae (root rot pathogen) 672205 Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood) 708103 Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood) ENSPTRP00000030184 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) ENSPTRP00000042323 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) PVX_094635 Plasmodium vivax (protozoal parasite) ENSRNOP00000013863 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) ENSRNOP00000023582 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) 5048023 Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) YFL037W Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) Smp_035760 Schistosoma mansoni (trematode parasite) SPBC26H8.07c Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) XP_001176315.1 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) 63686 Trichoplax adhaerens (metazoa) TA13315 Theileria annulata (apicomplexan parasite) XP_969993.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) Tc00.1047053506563.40 Trypanosoma cruzi (parasitic trypanosome) ENSTNIP00000010836 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) TP02_0464 Theileria parva (parasitic protozoan) 8069 Thalassiosira pseudonana (marine diatom) ENSTRUP00000030731 Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish Takifugu) 3703.m00089 Tetrahymena thermophila (ciliate protozoa) 3743.m00003 Tetrahymena thermophila (ciliate protozoa) 80530.m00059 Trichomonas vaginalis (parasitic flagellated protozoan) 81512.m00101 Trichomonas vaginalis (parasitic flagellated protozoan) 82360.m00223 Trichomonas vaginalis (parasitic flagellated protozoan) 96044.m00350 Trichomonas vaginalis (parasitic flagellated protozoan) ENSXETP00000050676 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) YALI0E00726g Yarrowia lipolytica (nonconventional yeast) Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /cytoskel/tubet2-1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 41124 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0003889 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB19307 FBgn0241882 FBgn0214144 FBgn0210670 FBgn0192261 FBgn0181115 FBgn0081713 FBgn0146325 FBgn0126609 FBgn0022664 FBgn0094783 REDfly - A database of transcriptional regulatory elements. • FBgn0003889
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 40 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	2t (Fyrberg and Goldstein, 1990) B2t (Mounkes and Fuller, 1999, Hutchens et al., 1997, Fackenthal et al., 1995, Fuller, 1993, Green et al., 1990, Hays et al., 1989, Fuller et al., 1988, Regan and Fuller, 1988, Kemphues et al., 1980, Hawley and Gilliland, 2006, Hoyle et al., 2008) BETA2 (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000) BETA 85D (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000) betaTub85D (Robida and Singh, 2003, Giot et al., 2003, Dorus et al., 2006, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Wasbrough et al., 2010) beta-tub85D (Findlay et al., 2009) CG9359 (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5) D.m.BETA-85D (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000) Dmβ2 (Raff et al., 1997) DTB4 (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984) ms(3)KKD   Tub (Harris and Peifer, 2004) β2 (Dutcher, 2001, Hoyle et al., 1995, Michiels et al., 1993, Hoyle et al., 1991, Kaltschmidt et al., 1991, Fackenthal and Raff, 1990, Michiels et al., 1987, Raff et al., 2008, Popodi et al., 2008, Popodi et al., 2008) β2t (Wilson and Borisy, 1997, Fuller, 1986, Metcalf and Wassarman, 2006, Jattani et al., 2009, Aoyagi and Wassarman, 2001) β2tub (Wei et al., 1994) β85D (Raff, 1984) β(2)Tu (Nurminsky et al., 1998) β(2)Tub (Mikhaylova et al., 2006) β2-tubulin (Raff, 1984) β-tub (Pal Bhadra et al., 2005) βTub2   β-Tub85D (Doheny et al., 2008) βTub85D (Sackton et al., 2007, Junion et al., 2007, Takemori and Yamamoto, 2009, Anderson et al., 2009, Dorus et al., 2006, Chan et al., 2011)
Name Synonym	b2 tubulin (Bluemer et al., 2000) beta 2 tubulin (Jattani et al., 2009) Beta tubulin (Chen and Haddad, 2004) beta-tubulin (Przewloka et al., 2007) beta-Tubulin at 85D (Wasbrough et al., 2010) testis-specific β-tubulin (Green et al., 1990) tubulin (Sharp et al., 2000, Harris and Peifer, 2004, Harris and Peifer, 2005, Goshima et al., 2005, Ashley et al., 2005, Yuen et al., 2008) β2-tubulin (McKean et al., 2001, Hoyle et al., 2001, Drosopoulou and Scouras, 1995, Murphy, 1991, Kimble et al., 1989, Raff et al., 1997, Raff et al., 2008, Aoyagi and Wassarman, 2001, Popodi et al., 2008, Hoyle et al., 2008, Popodi et al., 2008, Kearse et al., 2011) β2tubulin (Nielsen et al., 2001, Raff et al., 2000) β2 tubulin (Santel et al., 1997, Santel et al., 1997, Moritz, 1993, Lankenau et al., 1995, Moriyama and Gojobori, 1992, Fackenthal and Raff, 1991, Michiels et al., 1993, Michiels et al., 1991, Kaltschmidt et al., 1991, Michiels et al., 1989, Michiels et al., 1987, Jattani et al., 2009, Rathke et al., 2010) β(2)Tubulin (Mikhaylova et al., 2006) β-tubulin (Kwon and Scholey, 2004, Riparbelli and Callaini, 2003, Anderson et al., 2002, Bulgheresi et al., 2001, Parmentier et al., 2000, Yu et al., 2000, Vidwans et al., 1999, McCartney et al., 1999, Robinson et al., 1999, Reddy and Rodrigues, 1999, Sharp et al., 1999, Fuller, 1998, Crawford et al., 1998, Hirth et al., 1998, Eberl et al., 1997, Eaton et al., 1996, Brill et al., 1995, Xu et al., 2006, Hawley and Gilliland, 2006, Simonsen et al., 2007, Pal Bhadra et al., 2006, Holtzman et al., 2008, Dilks and DiNardo, 2010) β tubulin (Carmena et al., 1998, Gigliotti et al., 1998) β-Tubulin (Riparbelli et al., 2004) β-tubulin85D (Jafar-Nejad et al., 2006) βTubulin85D (Anderson et al., 2009) β-Tubulin at 85D (Takemori and Yamamoto, 2009)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 148 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 148 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 100 ) Supplementary material  ( 9 ) Review  ( 15 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 8 ) Abstract  ( 10 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Computer file  ( 1 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 ) Book  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 6 )
	Chan et al., 2011, Genetics 188(1): 33--44 Insect Population Control by Homing Endonuclease-Based Gene Drive: An Evaluation in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0213627] Kearse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(7): 2701--2716 Expression of ribosomal protein L22e family members in Drosophila melanogaster: rpL22-like is differentially expressed and alternatively spliced. [FBrf0213492] Koppen et al., 2011, Proteomics 11(22): 4397--4410 Proteomics analyses of microvesicles released by Drosophila Kc167 and S2 cells. [FBrf0216610] Dilks and DiNardo, 2010, Development 137(8): 1395--1404 Non-cell-autonomous control of denticle diversity in the Drosophila embryo. [FBrf0210398] Rathke et al., 2010, Europ. J. Cell Biol. 89(4): 326--338 Distinct functions of Mst77F and protamines in nuclear shaping and chromatin condensation during Drosophila spermiogenesis. [FBrf0210142] Wasbrough et al., 2010, J. Proteomics 73(11): 2171--2185 The Drosophila melanogaster sperm proteome-II (DmSP-II). [FBrf0211978] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...