Gene Dmel\βTub85D

85D-85D

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Bialojan et al., 1984)

85D-85D

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Kemphues et al., 1980, Fuller et al., 1988)

85D-85D

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Sanchez et al., 1980)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-48.5

3-48.49

(Kemphues et al., 1980)

Left of (cM)

(Fuller et al., 1988)

Right of (cM)

Notes

βTub85D⁶ maps to 48.45 +/- 0.2. βTub85D⁷ maps to 48.57 +/- 0.16. βTub85D⁸ maps to 48.54 +/- 0.16.

(Fuller et al., 1988)

Gene Model & Products

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\βTub85D for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Associated CDS (aa)

βTub85D-RA

FBtr0082046

NM_079566

1841

446

Additional Transcript Data & Comments

Reported size (kB)

2.2 (northern blot)

(Bialojan et al., 1984, Michiels et al., 1987)

2.0, 1.8 (northern blot)

1.338 (sequence analysis)

(Rudolph et al., 1987)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank protein

βTub85D-PA

FBpp0081524

49.9

446

4.45

NP_524290

AAF54373

Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments

Reported size (kDa)

446 (aa); 55 (kD predicted)

(Rudolph et al., 1987)

446 (aa)

(Michiels et al., 1987)

Comments

Polypeptides were identified in wing imaginal discs and in the CME W2 wing imaginal disc cell line by 2D gel electrophoresis and by microsequencing.

(Santaren et al., 1993)

External Data

FBsf0000436178
3R:5,235,925..5,236,002

Crossreferences

InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites

•

Tubulin (IPR000217)

Beta tubulin (IPR002453)

Tubulin/FtsZ, GTPase domain (IPR003008)

Tubulin/FtsZ, C-terminal (IPR008280)

Tubulin, conserved site (IPR017975)

Tubulin/FtsZ, 2-layer sandwich domain (IPR018316)

Beta tubulin, autoregulation binding site (IPR013838)

Tubulin, C-terminal (IPR023123)

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

DDBJ /
EMBL /
GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

Name

P61857

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Mapped Features

Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details.

Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports.

Type

Symbol & Location

Additional Notes

References

regulatory region

evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo)

(Michiels et al., 1989, Halfon, 2012.6.19)

External Data

Crossreferences

Expression Data

Transcript Expression

No Assay Recorded

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

somatic mesoderm

(Corbin et al., 1991)

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

organism | ubiquitous

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

organism | ubiquitous

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

anterior midgut primordium

dorsal pharyngeal muscle primordium

posterior midgut primordium

somatic muscle primordium

Comment:reported as muscle system primordium

visceral muscle primordium

Comment:reported as muscle system primordium

trunk mesoderm

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

dorsal pharyngeal muscle

embryonic/larval midgut

embryonic/larval muscle system

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 6

Comment:reference states 0-3 hr AEL

third instar larval stage

prepupal stage

pupal stage

(Dorus et al., 2006, Wasbrough et al., 2010)

spermatogenesis & adult stage

testis

(Bialojan et al., 1984)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

No Assay Recorded

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

third instar larval stage

wing disc

(Santaren et al., 1993)

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male

spermatozoon

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)

CV term

References

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{lacZ^{βTub85D.-511/+156}}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage | male

testis | restricted

Reporter: P{lacZ^{βTub85D.-511/+23}}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage | male

testis | restricted

Reporter: P{Mut1}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage | male

testis | restricted

(The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray

FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data

(FlyAtlas-RNA.adult)

(FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Back-to-back
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High level expression bin max
	Very high expression bin max

Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval fat body, adult testis.
[download data (TSV)]

Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors
	No expression (0 - 9.999)
	Low expression (10 - 99.999)
	Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)
	High level expression (500 - 999.999)
	Very high expression (>999.999)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		22.625
Larval Midgut		12.1
Larval Hindgut		4.1
Larval Malpighian Tubules		4.7
Larval Fat Body		789.2
Larval Salivary Gland		3.4
Larval Trachea		12.625
Larval Carcass		8.45
Adult Head		8.3
Adult Eye		6.4
Adult Brain		19.1
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		26
Adult Crop		3.7
Adult Midgut		4.8
Adult Hindgut		1.9
Adult Malpighian Tubules		6.1
Adult Fat Body		4.5
Adult Salivary Gland		3.9
Adult Heart		1.9
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		2.2
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		4.3
Adult Ovary		3.2
Adult Testis		3184.1
Adult Male Accessory Gland		3.6
Adult Carcass		26.3
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High Very high

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		22.625
Larval Midgut		12.1
Larval Hindgut		4.1
Larval Malpighian Tubules		4.7
Larval Fat Body		(789.2)
Larval Salivary Gland		3.4
Larval Trachea		12.625
Larval Carcass		8.45
Adult Head		8.3
Adult Eye		6.4
Adult Brain		19.1
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		26
Adult Crop		3.7
Adult Midgut		4.8
Adult Hindgut		1.9
Adult Malpighian Tubules		6.1
Adult Fat Body		4.5
Adult Salivary Gland		3.9
Adult Heart		1.9
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		2.2
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		4.3
Adult Ovary		3.2
Adult Testis		(3184.1)
Adult Male Accessory Gland		3.6
Adult Carcass		26.3
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High

Linear, scaled to High level expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		22.625
Larval Midgut		12.1
Larval Hindgut		4.1
Larval Malpighian Tubules		4.7
Larval Fat Body		789.2
Larval Salivary Gland		3.4
Larval Trachea		12.625
Larval Carcass		8.45
Adult Head		8.3
Adult Eye		6.4
Adult Brain		19.1
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		26
Adult Crop		3.7
Adult Midgut		4.8
Adult Hindgut		1.9
Adult Malpighian Tubules		6.1
Adult Fat Body		4.5
Adult Salivary Gland		3.9
Adult Heart		1.9
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		2.2
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		4.3
Adult Ovary		3.2
Adult Testis		(3184.1)
Adult Male Accessory Gland		3.6
Adult Carcass		26.3
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High Very high

Linear, scaled to Very high expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		22.625
Larval Midgut		12.1
Larval Hindgut		4.1
Larval Malpighian Tubules		4.7
Larval Fat Body		789.2
Larval Salivary Gland		3.4
Larval Trachea		12.625
Larval Carcass		8.45
Adult Head		8.3
Adult Eye		6.4
Adult Brain		19.1
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		26
Adult Crop		3.7
Adult Midgut		4.8
Adult Hindgut		1.9
Adult Malpighian Tubules		6.1
Adult Fat Body		4.5
Adult Salivary Gland		3.9
Adult Heart		1.9
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		2.2
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		4.3
Adult Ovary		3.2
Adult Testis		3184.1
Adult Male Accessory Gland		3.6
Adult Carcass		26.3
Expression Level Scale		Very high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		22.625
Larval Midgut		12.1
Larval Hindgut		4.1
Larval Malpighian Tubules		4.7
Larval Fat Body		789.2
Larval Salivary Gland		3.4
Larval Trachea		12.625
Larval Carcass		8.45
Adult Head		8.3
Adult Eye		6.4
Adult Brain		19.1
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		26
Adult Crop		3.7
Adult Midgut		4.8
Adult Hindgut		1.9
Adult Malpighian Tubules		6.1
Adult Fat Body		4.5
Adult Salivary Gland		3.9
Adult Heart		1.9
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		2.2
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		4.3
Adult Ovary		3.2
Adult Testis		3184.1
Adult Male Accessory Gland		3.6
Adult Carcass		26.3
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High Very high

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		22.625
Larval Midgut		12.1
Larval Hindgut		4.1
Larval Malpighian Tubules		4.7
Larval Fat Body		789.2
Larval Salivary Gland		3.4
Larval Trachea		12.625
Larval Carcass		8.45
Adult Head		8.3
Adult Eye		6.4
Adult Brain		19.1
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		26
Adult Crop		3.7
Adult Midgut		4.8
Adult Hindgut		1.9
Adult Malpighian Tubules		6.1
Adult Fat Body		4.5
Adult Salivary Gland		3.9
Adult Heart		1.9
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		2.2
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		4.3
Adult Ovary		3.2
Adult Testis		(3184.1)
Adult Male Accessory Gland		3.6
Adult Carcass		26.3
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High

log, scaled to High level expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		22.625
Larval Midgut		12.1
Larval Hindgut		4.1
Larval Malpighian Tubules		4.7
Larval Fat Body		789.2
Larval Salivary Gland		3.4
Larval Trachea		12.625
Larval Carcass		8.45
Adult Head		8.3
Adult Eye		6.4
Adult Brain		19.1
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		26
Adult Crop		3.7
Adult Midgut		4.8
Adult Hindgut		1.9
Adult Malpighian Tubules		6.1
Adult Fat Body		4.5
Adult Salivary Gland		3.9
Adult Heart		1.9
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		2.2
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		4.3
Adult Ovary		3.2
Adult Testis		(3184.1)
Adult Male Accessory Gland		3.6
Adult Carcass		26.3
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High Very high

log, scaled to Very high expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		22.625
Larval Midgut		12.1
Larval Hindgut		4.1
Larval Malpighian Tubules		4.7
Larval Fat Body		789.2
Larval Salivary Gland		3.4
Larval Trachea		12.625
Larval Carcass		8.45
Adult Head		8.3
Adult Eye		6.4
Adult Brain		19.1
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		26
Adult Crop		3.7
Adult Midgut		4.8
Adult Hindgut		1.9
Adult Malpighian Tubules		6.1
Adult Fat Body		4.5
Adult Salivary Gland		3.9
Adult Heart		1.9
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		2.2
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		4.3
Adult Ovary		3.2
Adult Testis		3184.1
Adult Male Accessory Gland		3.6
Adult Carcass		26.3
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High Very high

Heatmap
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
Larval Midgut
Larval Hindgut
Larval Malpighian Tubules
Larval Fat Body
Larval Salivary Gland
Larval Trachea
Larval Carcass
Adult Head
Adult Eye
Adult Brain
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
Adult Crop
Adult Midgut
Adult Hindgut
Adult Malpighian Tubules
Adult Fat Body
Adult Salivary Gland
Adult Heart
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
Adult Ovary
Adult Testis
Adult Male Accessory Gland
Adult Carcass

FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult
Larval Expression Level	Tissue	Adult Expression Level
NA	Head	8.3
NA	Eye	6.4
NA	Brain	no informative data
22.625	Central Nervous System	NA
NA	Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion	26
NA	Crop	3.7
no informative data	Midgut	4.8
4.1	Hindgut	1.9
4.7	Malpighian Tubules	6.1
789.2	Fat Body	4.5
3.4	Salivary Gland	3.9
NA	Heart	1.9
no informative data	Trachea	NA
NA	VirginFemale Spermatheca	2.2
NA	InseminatedFemale Spermatheca	4.3
NA	Ovary	3.2
NA	Testis	3184.1
NA	Male Accessory Gland	3.6
8.45	Carcass	no informative data

FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)

modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq

modENCODE Tissue Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High expression bin max
	Extremely high expression bin max

[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
	No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
	Very low expression (1 - 3)
	Low expression (4 - 10)
	Moderate expression (11 - 25)
	Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
	High expression (51 - 100)
	Very high expression (101 - 1000)
	Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		314
central nervous system, larvae L3		2
central nervous system, pupae P8		6
head, virgin 1-day female		1
head, virgin 4-day female		0
head, virgin 20-day female		0
head, mated 1-day female		0
head, mated 4-day female		0
head, mated 20-day female		0
head, mated 1-day male		1
head, mated 4-day male		1
head, mated 20-day male		1
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		2
salivary gland, white prepupae		16
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		4
digestive system, 1-day adult		9
digestive system, 4-day adult		8
digestive system, 20-day adult		4
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		3
fat body, white prepupae		95
fat body, pupae P8		117
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		2
carcass, 1-day adult		2
carcass, 4-day adult		2
carcass, 20-day adult		5
ovary, virgin 4-day female		0
ovary, mated 4-day female		0
testis, mated 4-day male		1709
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		145
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high Extremely high

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		(314)
central nervous system, larvae L3		2
central nervous system, pupae P8		6
head, virgin 1-day female		1
head, virgin 4-day female		0
head, virgin 20-day female		0
head, mated 1-day female		0
head, mated 4-day female		0
head, mated 20-day female		0
head, mated 1-day male		1
head, mated 4-day male		1
head, mated 20-day male		1
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		2
salivary gland, white prepupae		16
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		4
digestive system, 1-day adult		9
digestive system, 4-day adult		8
digestive system, 20-day adult		4
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		3
fat body, white prepupae		(95)
fat body, pupae P8		(117)
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		2
carcass, 1-day adult		2
carcass, 4-day adult		2
carcass, 20-day adult		5
ovary, virgin 4-day female		0
ovary, mated 4-day female		0
testis, mated 4-day male		(1709)
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		(145)
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to High expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		(314)
central nervous system, larvae L3		2
central nervous system, pupae P8		6
head, virgin 1-day female		1
head, virgin 4-day female		0
head, virgin 20-day female		0
head, mated 1-day female		0
head, mated 4-day female		0
head, mated 20-day female		0
head, mated 1-day male		1
head, mated 4-day male		1
head, mated 20-day male		1
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		2
salivary gland, white prepupae		16
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		4
digestive system, 1-day adult		9
digestive system, 4-day adult		8
digestive system, 20-day adult		4
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		3
fat body, white prepupae		95
fat body, pupae P8		(117)
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		2
carcass, 1-day adult		2
carcass, 4-day adult		2
carcass, 20-day adult		5
ovary, virgin 4-day female		0
ovary, mated 4-day female		0
testis, mated 4-day male		(1709)
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		(145)
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		314
central nervous system, larvae L3		2
central nervous system, pupae P8		6
head, virgin 1-day female		1
head, virgin 4-day female		0
head, virgin 20-day female		0
head, mated 1-day female		0
head, mated 4-day female		0
head, mated 20-day female		0
head, mated 1-day male		1
head, mated 4-day male		1
head, mated 20-day male		1
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		2
salivary gland, white prepupae		16
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		4
digestive system, 1-day adult		9
digestive system, 4-day adult		8
digestive system, 20-day adult		4
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		3
fat body, white prepupae		95
fat body, pupae P8		117
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		2
carcass, 1-day adult		2
carcass, 4-day adult		2
carcass, 20-day adult		5
ovary, virgin 4-day female		0
ovary, mated 4-day female		0
testis, mated 4-day male		1709
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		145
Expression Level Scale		Extremely high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		314
central nervous system, larvae L3		2
central nervous system, pupae P8		6
head, virgin 1-day female		1
head, virgin 4-day female		0
head, virgin 20-day female		0
head, mated 1-day female		0
head, mated 4-day female		0
head, mated 20-day female		0
head, mated 1-day male		1
head, mated 4-day male		1
head, mated 20-day male		1
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		2
salivary gland, white prepupae		16
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		4
digestive system, 1-day adult		9
digestive system, 4-day adult		8
digestive system, 20-day adult		4
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		3
fat body, white prepupae		95
fat body, pupae P8		117
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		2
carcass, 1-day adult		2
carcass, 4-day adult		2
carcass, 20-day adult		5
ovary, virgin 4-day female		0
ovary, mated 4-day female		0
testis, mated 4-day male		1709
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		145
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high Extremely high

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		(314)
central nervous system, larvae L3		2
central nervous system, pupae P8		6
head, virgin 1-day female		1
head, virgin 4-day female		0
head, virgin 20-day female		0
head, mated 1-day female		0
head, mated 4-day female		0
head, mated 20-day female		0
head, mated 1-day male		1
head, mated 4-day male		1
head, mated 20-day male		1
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		2
salivary gland, white prepupae		16
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		4
digestive system, 1-day adult		9
digestive system, 4-day adult		8
digestive system, 20-day adult		4
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		3
fat body, white prepupae		(95)
fat body, pupae P8		(117)
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		2
carcass, 1-day adult		2
carcass, 4-day adult		2
carcass, 20-day adult		5
ovary, virgin 4-day female		0
ovary, mated 4-day female		0
testis, mated 4-day male		(1709)
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		(145)
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to High expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		(314)
central nervous system, larvae L3		2
central nervous system, pupae P8		6
head, virgin 1-day female		1
head, virgin 4-day female		0
head, virgin 20-day female		0
head, mated 1-day female		0
head, mated 4-day female		0
head, mated 20-day female		0
head, mated 1-day male		1
head, mated 4-day male		1
head, mated 20-day male		1
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		2
salivary gland, white prepupae		16
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		4
digestive system, 1-day adult		9
digestive system, 4-day adult		8
digestive system, 20-day adult		4
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		3
fat body, white prepupae		95
fat body, pupae P8		117
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		2
carcass, 1-day adult		2
carcass, 4-day adult		2
carcass, 20-day adult		5
ovary, virgin 4-day female		0
ovary, mated 4-day female		0
testis, mated 4-day male		(1709)
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		(145)
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		314
central nervous system, larvae L3		2
central nervous system, pupae P8		6
head, virgin 1-day female		1
head, virgin 4-day female		0
head, virgin 20-day female		0
head, mated 1-day female		0
head, mated 4-day female		0
head, mated 20-day female		0
head, mated 1-day male		1
head, mated 4-day male		1
head, mated 20-day male		1
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		2
salivary gland, white prepupae		16
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		4
digestive system, 1-day adult		9
digestive system, 4-day adult		8
digestive system, 20-day adult		4
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		3
fat body, white prepupae		95
fat body, pupae P8		117
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		2
carcass, 1-day adult		2
carcass, 4-day adult		2
carcass, 20-day adult		5
ovary, virgin 4-day female		0
ovary, mated 4-day female		0
testis, mated 4-day male		1709
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		145
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high Extremely high

Heatmap
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
central nervous system, larvae L3
central nervous system, pupae P8
head, virgin 1-day female
head, virgin 4-day female
head, virgin 20-day female
head, mated 1-day female
head, mated 4-day female
head, mated 20-day female
head, mated 1-day male
head, mated 4-day male
head, mated 20-day male
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
salivary gland, white prepupae
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
digestive system, 1-day adult
digestive system, 4-day adult
digestive system, 20-day adult
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
fat body, white prepupae
fat body, pupae P8
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
carcass, 1-day adult
carcass, 4-day adult
carcass, 20-day adult
ovary, virgin 4-day female
ovary, mated 4-day female
testis, mated 4-day male
accessory gland, mated 4-day male

modENCODE Development RNA-Seq

modENCODE Temporal Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High expression bin max
	Extremely high expression bin max

Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout the pupal period, in adult male stages.
[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
	No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
	Very low expression (1 - 3)
	Low expression (4 - 10)
	Moderate expression (11 - 25)
	Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
	High expression (51 - 100)
	Very high expression (101 - 1000)
	Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		0
embryo 02-04hr		0
embryo 04-06hr		0
embryo 06-08hr		0
embryo 08-10hr		0
embryo 10-12hr		0
embryo 12-14hr		1
embryo 14-16hr		1
embryo 16-18hr		1
embryo 18-20hr		1
embryo 20-22hr		1
embryo 22-24hr		1
larva L1		1
larva L2		0
larva L3 12hr old		1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		30
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		71
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		84
white prepupae new		82
white prepupae 12hr		176
white prepupae 24hr		261
pupae 2d postWPP		339
pupae 3d postWPP		329
pupae 4d postWPP		346
adult male 01day		473
adult male 05day		652
adult male 30day		684
adult female 01day		0
adult female 05day		0
adult female 30day		0
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		0
embryo 02-04hr		0
embryo 04-06hr		0
embryo 06-08hr		0
embryo 08-10hr		0
embryo 10-12hr		0
embryo 12-14hr		1
embryo 14-16hr		1
embryo 16-18hr		1
embryo 18-20hr		1
embryo 20-22hr		1
embryo 22-24hr		1
larva L1		1
larva L2		0
larva L3 12hr old		1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		(30)
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		(71)
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		(84)
white prepupae new		(82)
white prepupae 12hr		(176)
white prepupae 24hr		(261)
pupae 2d postWPP		(339)
pupae 3d postWPP		(329)
pupae 4d postWPP		(346)
adult male 01day		(473)
adult male 05day		(652)
adult male 30day		(684)
adult female 01day		0
adult female 05day		0
adult female 30day		0
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to High expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		0
embryo 02-04hr		0
embryo 04-06hr		0
embryo 06-08hr		0
embryo 08-10hr		0
embryo 10-12hr		0
embryo 12-14hr		1
embryo 14-16hr		1
embryo 16-18hr		1
embryo 18-20hr		1
embryo 20-22hr		1
embryo 22-24hr		1
larva L1		1
larva L2		0
larva L3 12hr old		1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		30
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		71
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		84
white prepupae new		82
white prepupae 12hr		(176)
white prepupae 24hr		(261)
pupae 2d postWPP		(339)
pupae 3d postWPP		(329)
pupae 4d postWPP		(346)
adult male 01day		(473)
adult male 05day		(652)
adult male 30day		(684)
adult female 01day		0
adult female 05day		0
adult female 30day		0
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		0
embryo 02-04hr		0
embryo 04-06hr		0
embryo 06-08hr		0
embryo 08-10hr		0
embryo 10-12hr		0
embryo 12-14hr		1
embryo 14-16hr		1
embryo 16-18hr		1
embryo 18-20hr		1
embryo 20-22hr		1
embryo 22-24hr		1
larva L1		1
larva L2		0
larva L3 12hr old		1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		30
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		71
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		84
white prepupae new		82
white prepupae 12hr		176
white prepupae 24hr		261
pupae 2d postWPP		339
pupae 3d postWPP		329
pupae 4d postWPP		346
adult male 01day		473
adult male 05day		652
adult male 30day		684
adult female 01day		0
adult female 05day		0
adult female 30day		0
Expression Level Scale		Extremely high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		0
embryo 02-04hr		0
embryo 04-06hr		0
embryo 06-08hr		0
embryo 08-10hr		0
embryo 10-12hr		0
embryo 12-14hr		1
embryo 14-16hr		1
embryo 16-18hr		1
embryo 18-20hr		1
embryo 20-22hr		1
embryo 22-24hr		1
larva L1		1
larva L2		0
larva L3 12hr old		1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		30
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		71
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		84
white prepupae new		82
white prepupae 12hr		176
white prepupae 24hr		261
pupae 2d postWPP		339
pupae 3d postWPP		329
pupae 4d postWPP		346
adult male 01day		473
adult male 05day		652
adult male 30day		684
adult female 01day		0
adult female 05day		0
adult female 30day		0
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high Extremely high

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		0
embryo 02-04hr		0
embryo 04-06hr		0
embryo 06-08hr		0
embryo 08-10hr		0
embryo 10-12hr		0
embryo 12-14hr		1
embryo 14-16hr		1
embryo 16-18hr		1
embryo 18-20hr		1
embryo 20-22hr		1
embryo 22-24hr		1
larva L1		1
larva L2		0
larva L3 12hr old		1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		30
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		(71)
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		(84)
white prepupae new		(82)
white prepupae 12hr		(176)
white prepupae 24hr		(261)
pupae 2d postWPP		(339)
pupae 3d postWPP		(329)
pupae 4d postWPP		(346)
adult male 01day		(473)
adult male 05day		(652)
adult male 30day		(684)
adult female 01day		0
adult female 05day		0
adult female 30day		0
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to High expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		0
embryo 02-04hr		0
embryo 04-06hr		0
embryo 06-08hr		0
embryo 08-10hr		0
embryo 10-12hr		0
embryo 12-14hr		1
embryo 14-16hr		1
embryo 16-18hr		1
embryo 18-20hr		1
embryo 20-22hr		1
embryo 22-24hr		1
larva L1		1
larva L2		0
larva L3 12hr old		1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		30
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		71
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		84
white prepupae new		82
white prepupae 12hr		(176)
white prepupae 24hr		(261)
pupae 2d postWPP		(339)
pupae 3d postWPP		(329)
pupae 4d postWPP		(346)
adult male 01day		(473)
adult male 05day		(652)
adult male 30day		(684)
adult female 01day		0
adult female 05day		0
adult female 30day		0
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		0
embryo 02-04hr		0
embryo 04-06hr		0
embryo 06-08hr		0
embryo 08-10hr		0
embryo 10-12hr		0
embryo 12-14hr		1
embryo 14-16hr		1
embryo 16-18hr		1
embryo 18-20hr		1
embryo 20-22hr		1
embryo 22-24hr		1
larva L1		1
larva L2		0
larva L3 12hr old		1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		30
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		71
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		84
white prepupae new		82
white prepupae 12hr		176
white prepupae 24hr		261
pupae 2d postWPP		339
pupae 3d postWPP		329
pupae 4d postWPP		346
adult male 01day		473
adult male 05day		652
adult male 30day		684
adult female 01day		0
adult female 05day		0
adult female 30day		0
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high Extremely high

Heatmap
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
embryo 02-04hr
embryo 04-06hr
embryo 06-08hr
embryo 08-10hr
embryo 10-12hr
embryo 12-14hr
embryo 14-16hr
embryo 16-18hr
embryo 18-20hr
embryo 20-22hr
embryo 22-24hr
larva L1
larva L2
larva L3 12hr old
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
white prepupae new
white prepupae 12hr
white prepupae 24hr
pupae 2d postWPP
pupae 3d postWPP
pupae 4d postWPP
adult male 01day
adult male 05day
adult male 30day
adult female 01day
adult female 05day
adult female 30day

modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)

modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq

modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A)

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High expression bin max
	Extremely high expression bin max

[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
	No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
	Very low expression (1 - 3)
	Low expression (4 - 10)
	Moderate expression (11 - 25)
	Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
	High expression (51 - 100)
	Very high expression (101 - 1000)
	Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		0
Schneider line 2 Sg4		0
embryonic 1182-4H		0
embryonic GM2		0
embryonic Kc167		0
embryonic S1		0
embryonic S3		6
leg disc CME L1		0
wing disc CME-W2		0
wing disc ML-DmD8		0
wing disc ML-DmD9		0
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		0
wing disc ML-DmD21		0
wing disc ML-DmD32		0
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		0
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		0
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		0
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		0
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		0
tumorous blood cells mbn2		0
ovary fGS/OSS		0
ovary OSC		0
ovary OSS		0
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		0
Schneider line 2 Sg4		0
embryonic 1182-4H		0
embryonic GM2		0
embryonic Kc167		0
embryonic S1		0
embryonic S3		6
leg disc CME L1		0
wing disc CME-W2		0
wing disc ML-DmD8		0
wing disc ML-DmD9		0
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		0
wing disc ML-DmD21		0
wing disc ML-DmD32		0
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		0
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		0
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		0
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		0
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		0
tumorous blood cells mbn2		0
ovary fGS/OSS		0
ovary OSC		0
ovary OSS		0
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to High expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		0
Schneider line 2 Sg4		0
embryonic 1182-4H		0
embryonic GM2		0
embryonic Kc167		0
embryonic S1		0
embryonic S3		6
leg disc CME L1		0
wing disc CME-W2		0
wing disc ML-DmD8		0
wing disc ML-DmD9		0
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		0
wing disc ML-DmD21		0
wing disc ML-DmD32		0
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		0
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		0
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		0
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		0
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		0
tumorous blood cells mbn2		0
ovary fGS/OSS		0
ovary OSC		0
ovary OSS		0
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		0
Schneider line 2 Sg4		0
embryonic 1182-4H		0
embryonic GM2		0
embryonic Kc167		0
embryonic S1		0
embryonic S3		6
leg disc CME L1		0
wing disc CME-W2		0
wing disc ML-DmD8		0
wing disc ML-DmD9		0
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		0
wing disc ML-DmD21		0
wing disc ML-DmD32		0
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		0
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		0
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		0
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		0
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		0
tumorous blood cells mbn2		0
ovary fGS/OSS		0
ovary OSC		0
ovary OSS		0
Expression Level Scale		Extremely high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		0
Schneider line 2 Sg4		0
embryonic 1182-4H		0
embryonic GM2		0
embryonic Kc167		0
embryonic S1		0
embryonic S3		6
leg disc CME L1		0
wing disc CME-W2		0
wing disc ML-DmD8		0
wing disc ML-DmD9		0
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		0
wing disc ML-DmD21		0
wing disc ML-DmD32		0
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		0
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		0
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		0
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		0
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		0
tumorous blood cells mbn2		0
ovary fGS/OSS		0
ovary OSC		0
ovary OSS		0
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		0
Schneider line 2 Sg4		0
embryonic 1182-4H		0
embryonic GM2		0
embryonic Kc167		0
embryonic S1		0
embryonic S3		6
leg disc CME L1		0
wing disc CME-W2		0
wing disc ML-DmD8		0
wing disc ML-DmD9		0
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		0
wing disc ML-DmD21		0
wing disc ML-DmD32		0
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		0
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		0
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		0
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		0
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		0
tumorous blood cells mbn2		0
ovary fGS/OSS		0
ovary OSC		0
ovary OSS		0
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to High expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		0
Schneider line 2 Sg4		0
embryonic 1182-4H		0
embryonic GM2		0
embryonic Kc167		0
embryonic S1		0
embryonic S3		6
leg disc CME L1		0
wing disc CME-W2		0
wing disc ML-DmD8		0
wing disc ML-DmD9		0
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		0
wing disc ML-DmD21		0
wing disc ML-DmD32		0
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		0
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		0
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		0
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		0
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		0
tumorous blood cells mbn2		0
ovary fGS/OSS		0
ovary OSC		0
ovary OSS		0
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		0
Schneider line 2 Sg4		0
embryonic 1182-4H		0
embryonic GM2		0
embryonic Kc167		0
embryonic S1		0
embryonic S3		6
leg disc CME L1		0
wing disc CME-W2		0
wing disc ML-DmD8		0
wing disc ML-DmD9		0
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		0
wing disc ML-DmD21		0
wing disc ML-DmD32		0
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		0
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		0
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		0
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		0
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		0
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		0
tumorous blood cells mbn2		0
ovary fGS/OSS		0
ovary OSC		0
ovary OSS		0
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high Extremely high

Heatmap
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
Schneider line 2 Sg4
embryonic 1182-4H
embryonic GM2
embryonic Kc167
embryonic S1
embryonic S3
leg disc CME L1
wing disc CME-W2
wing disc ML-DmD8
wing disc ML-DmD9
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
wing disc ML-DmD21
wing disc ML-DmD32
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
tumorous blood cells mbn2
ovary fGS/OSS
ovary OSC
ovary OSS

modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq

modENCODE Treatment Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High expression bin max
	Extremely high expression bin max

[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
	No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
	Very low expression (1 - 3)
	Low expression (4 - 10)
	Moderate expression (11 - 25)
	Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
	High expression (51 - 100)
	Very high expression (101 - 1000)
	Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		29
cold shock, 4-day adult		28
heat shock, 4-day adult		33
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		12
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		24
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		29
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		53
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		15
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		59
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		11
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		137
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		73
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		8
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		11
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		11
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		37
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		28
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		119
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		121
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		12
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		9
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		(29)
cold shock, 4-day adult		(28)
heat shock, 4-day adult		(33)
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		12
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		24
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		(29)
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		(53)
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		15
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		(59)
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		11
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		(137)
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		(73)
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		8
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		11
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		11
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		(37)
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		(28)
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		(119)
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		(121)
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		12
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		9
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to High expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		29
cold shock, 4-day adult		28
heat shock, 4-day adult		33
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		12
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		24
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		29
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		53
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		15
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		59
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		11
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		(137)
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		73
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		8
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		11
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		11
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		37
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		28
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		(119)
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		(121)
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		12
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		9
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		29
cold shock, 4-day adult		28
heat shock, 4-day adult		33
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		12
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		24
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		29
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		53
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		15
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		59
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		11
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		137
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		73
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		8
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		11
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		11
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		37
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		28
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		119
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		121
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		12
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		9
Expression Level Scale		Extremely high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		29
cold shock, 4-day adult		28
heat shock, 4-day adult		33
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		12
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		24
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		29
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		53
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		15
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		59
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		11
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		137
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		73
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		8
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		11
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		11
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		37
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		28
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		119
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		121
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		12
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		9
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		29
cold shock, 4-day adult		28
heat shock, 4-day adult		(33)
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		12
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		24
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		29
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		(53)
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		15
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		(59)
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		11
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		(137)
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		(73)
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		8
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		11
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		11
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		(37)
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		28
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		(119)
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		(121)
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		12
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		9
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to High expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		29
cold shock, 4-day adult		28
heat shock, 4-day adult		33
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		12
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		24
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		29
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		53
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		15
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		59
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		11
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		137
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		73
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		8
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		11
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		11
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		37
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		28
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		119
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		121
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		12
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		9
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		29
cold shock, 4-day adult		28
heat shock, 4-day adult		33
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		12
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		24
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		29
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		53
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		15
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		59
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		11
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		137
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		73
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		8
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		11
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		11
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		37
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		28
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		119
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		121
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		12
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		9
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high Extremely high

Heatmap
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
cold shock, 4-day adult
heat shock, 4-day adult
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3

Expression Clusters

A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development.

External Data & Images

Show all FlyExpress processed images for βTub85D

BDGP expression data

•

GH02051

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

•

FBgn0003889

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

•

CG9359-RA

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

•

Alleles & Phenotypes

Summary of Allele Phenotypes

Lethality

Allele

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

βTub85D^GD14200

Sterility

Allele

female fertile

βTub85D^D

male fertile

βTub85D⁴³²

male fertile (with βTub85D⁶)

βTub85D⁸

male fertile (with βTub85D⁸)

βTub85D⁶

male sterile

male sterile, with βTub85D⁴³²

βTub85Dⁿ

male sterile, with βTub85Dⁿ

βTub85D⁴³²

male sterile (with βTub85D⁶)

βTub85Dⁿ

male sterile (with βTub85D⁷)

βTub85Dⁿ

male sterile (with βTub85D⁸)

βTub85Dⁿ

male sterile (with βTub85Dⁿ)

male sterile | dominant

βTub85D^D

male sterile | recessive

male sterile | semidominant

βTub85D⁸

Other Phenotypes

Allele

cytokinesis defective

βTub85D⁴³²

cytokinesis defective | male | recessive

electrophoretic variant

meiotic cell cycle defective

βTub85D⁴³²

meiotic cell cycle defective | male

meiotic cell cycle defective | male (with βTub85D⁷)

βTub85Dⁿ

meiotic cell cycle defective | male (with βTub85Dⁿ)

βTub85D⁷

wild-type

βTub85D^+t4.55

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

axoneme

fusion competent cell

meiosis I

βTub85D^D

meiosis II

βTub85D^D

meiotic cell cycle & spindle | male

βTub85D⁸

meiotic cell cycle | male

microtubule

microtubule & testis

muscle founder cell

βTub85Dⁿ

Nebenkern derivative

presumptive embryonic salivary gland

presumptive embryonic salivary gland (with Df(3R)by10)

presumptive embryonic salivary gland (with βTub85D⁶)

βTub85Dⁿ

presumptive embryonic salivary gland (with βTub85Dⁿ)

βTub85D⁶

primary spermatocyte cyst

seminal vesicle

βTub85D⁶

spermatid

spermatid & nucleus

spermatid axoneme

spermatid axoneme, with βTub85D⁴³²

βTub85Dⁿ

spermatid axoneme, with βTub85Dⁿ

βTub85D⁴³²

spermatocyte

βTub85Dⁿ

spermatozoon

spermatozoon, with βTub85D⁴³²

βTub85Dⁿ

spermatozoon, with βTub85Dⁿ

βTub85D⁴³²

spermatozoon & axoneme

βTub85D⁶

spindle

βTub85D^D

spindle & meiotic cell cycle | male

βTub85D^D

testis

Classical Alleles ( 14 )

For All Classical Alleles Show

Allele of βTub85D	Class	Mutagen	Stocks	Known lesion
βTub85D^D		ethyl methanesulfonate	6	Yes
βTub85Dⁿ	loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence	ethyl methanesulfonate	2	Yes
βTub85D³		ethyl methanesulfonate	2	Yes
βTub85D^Drv2	loss of function allele	ethyl methanesulfonate	2	Yes
βTub85D⁶	loss of function allele, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence	ethyl methanesulfonate	1	Yes
βTub85D^Drv1		ethyl methanesulfonate	1	Yes
βTub85D¹⁰		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
βTub85D^10g		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	Yes
βTub85D¹¹		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
βTub85D⁴		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	Yes
βTub85D⁷	loss of function allele, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence	ethyl methanesulfonate	0	Yes
βTub85D⁸	loss of function allele	ethyl methanesulfonate	0	Yes
βTub85D⁹		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
βTub85D^unspecified			0	--

Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Allele of βTub85D	Class	Mutagen	Stocks	Known lesion
βTub85D^cRa		in vitro construct - deletion	1	Yes
βTub85D^GD14200		in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion	1	Yes
βTub85D³⁹⁷	amorphic allele - genetic evidence	in vitro construct - amino acid replacement in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis	0	Yes
βTub85D^+t4.55		in vitro construct - genomic fragment	0	Yes
βTub85D⁴³²		in vitro construct - amino acid replacement in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis	0	Yes
βTub85D^KK110793		in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion	0	Yes
βTub85D^NIG.9359R		in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion	0	Yes

Aneuploid Aberrations

Disrupted in

Df(3R)by10

In(3R)Scr^MscLAntp^BR

Not disrupted in

Df(3R)by10

(Kemphues et al., 1983)

Df(3R)p46

(Kemphues et al., 1983)

Transgenic Constructs & Insertions

Transgenic Constructs

Type of construct

Name

Expression data

reporter construct

P{lacZ^{βTub85D.-53+50}}

P{lacZ^βTub85D.-53}

P{lacZ^βTub85D.-63}

P{lacZ^{βTub85D.-109}}

P{lacZ^{βTub85D.-127}}

P{lacZ^{βTub85D.-218}}

P{lacZ^{βTub85D.-511/+23}}

P{lacZ^{βTub85D.-511/+156}}

characterization construct

P{βTub56D1-βTub85D2.iii}

P{βTub56D1-βTub85D2.iv}

P{βTub85D-FLP}

P{βTub85D-Scer\SCEI.nls}

P{βTub85D-Xdazl}

Insertions

Type of insertions

Name

Expression data

insertion of mobile activating element

P{EPg}HP37453

Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 9 unique terms )

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 term )

Molecular Function ( 0 terms)

Biological Process

CV term

salivary gland morphogenesis

References

inferred from genetic interaction with if

inferred from genetic interaction with mew

inferred from mutant phenotype

Cellular Component ( 0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 8 terms )

Molecular Function

CV term

References

GTPase activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR008280, InterPro:IPR018316

GTP binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000217, InterPro:IPR002453, InterPro:IPR008280, InterPro:IPR017975, InterPro:IPR018316

(Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1988.11.1)

non-traceable author statement

structural constituent of cytoskeleton

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002453

(Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000, Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000)

inferred from sequence or structural similarity

Biological Process

CV term

References

GTP catabolic process

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR008280, InterPro:IPR018316

microtubule-based process

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000217, InterPro:IPR017975

inferred from sequence or structural similarity

protein polymerization

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003008, InterPro:IPR008280, InterPro:IPR018316

Cellular Component

CV term

References

microtubule

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000217, InterPro:IPR002453, InterPro:IPR017975

(Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000, Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000)

inferred from sequence or structural similarity

non-traceable author statement

(Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1988.11.1)

tubulin complex

non-traceable author statement

(Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1988.11.1)

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Interactions & Pathways

Summary of Physical Interactions

protein-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

βTub85D - ATPsyn-β

experimental knowledge based

(Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23, Guruharsha et al., 2011)

βTub85D - Aats-his

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based

βTub85D - Act57B

experimental knowledge based

βTub85D - Arf79F

experimental knowledge based

βTub85D - CG10286

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

βTub85D - CG12395

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

βTub85D - CG18004

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Guruharsha et al., 2011, Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)

βTub85D - CG31125

experimental knowledge based, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

βTub85D - CG32219

experimental knowledge based

βTub85D - CG3509

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23, Guruharsha et al., 2011)

βTub85D - CG3565

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based

βTub85D - CG4198

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

βTub85D - CG4278

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

βTub85D - CG5160

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

βTub85D - CG5599

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

βTub85D - CG6617

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

βTub85D - CG7033

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

βTub85D - CG8036

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

βTub85D - CSN5

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23, Guruharsha et al., 2011)

βTub85D - E(spl)m8-HLH

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based

βTub85D - Fbp2

experimental knowledge based

βTub85D - Gapdh1

experimental knowledge based

βTub85D - His3.3B

experimental knowledge based

βTub85D - Hsc70-2

experimental knowledge based

βTub85D - Hsp22

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

βTub85D - Hsp23

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

βTub85D - Hsp27

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

βTub85D - Hsp70Aa

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

βTub85D - Idh

experimental knowledge based

(Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23, Guruharsha et al., 2011)

βTub85D - JhI-26

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based

βTub85D - Mdh2

experimental knowledge based

(Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23, Guruharsha et al., 2011)

βTub85D - Pde8

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based

βTub85D - Pex14

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based

(Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23, Guruharsha et al., 2011)

βTub85D - Pex5

experimental knowledge based

βTub85D - Prp31

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

βTub85D - Rab11

experimental knowledge based

βTub85D - Rab14

experimental knowledge based

βTub85D - Rab6

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

βTub85D - Rac2

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

βTub85D - RpS15Ab

experimental knowledge based

βTub85D - Rpp30

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

βTub85D - Spf45

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

βTub85D - Tcp-1η

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

βTub85D - Vha36-1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

βTub85D - bai

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Guruharsha et al., 2011, Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)

βTub85D - gsb

experimental knowledge based, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

βTub85D - l(2)03709

experimental knowledge based

βTub85D - mol

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

βTub85D - ref(2)P

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

βTub85D - tou

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

βTub85D - twi

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interacts with

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

βTub85D allele

Gene

References

βTub85D⁶

βTub60D::βTub85D

βTub85D¹⁰

βTub85D⁴³²

(Mounkes and Fuller, 1999)

βTub85Dⁿ

hay

(Nielsen et al., 2001)

unspecified

(Simonsen et al., 2007)

ms(3)nc14

(Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 1998.9.14)

wrl

(Green et al., 1990)

External Data

y¹ w^*; P{y-donor}1B Sb¹/TM6

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions

•

66289

DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map

•

FBgn0003889

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

•

FBgn0003889

InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

•

41124

Orthologs

OrthoDB Orthologs (109) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41

OrthoDB Ortholog Groups

OrthoDB orthology group searches

(Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288)

Drosophila inclusive ortholog search

EOG6QZ85Q

Dipteran inclusive ortholog search

EOG6NGGW4

Insect inclusive ortholog search

EOG6NZSPM

Arthropod inclusive ortholog search

EOG6J3TZB

Metazoa inclusive ortholog search

EOG6G208T

Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6QZ85Q)

Organism

Common Name

Gene

AAA Syntenic Ortholog

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Drosophila melanogaster

fruit fly

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila sechellia

Drosophila erecta

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila ananassae

Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura

Dpse\GA21728

Drosophila willistoni

Dwil\GK12133

Drosophila virilis

Dvir\GJ23573

Drosophila mojavensis

Dmoj\GI23599

Drosophila grimshawi

Dgri\GH19142

Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6NGGW4)

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Aedes aegypti

Yellow fever mosquito

Aaeg\AAEL002851

Anopheles gambiae

Malaria mosquito

Agam\AGAP010929

Culex quinquefasciatus

Southern house mosquito

Cqui\CPIJ003260

Culex quinquefasciatus

Southern house mosquito

Cqui\CPIJ000407

Culex quinquefasciatus

Southern house mosquito

Cqui\CPIJ003259

Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6NZSPM)

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Apis mellifera

Western honey bee

Amel\LOC408782

Apis mellifera

Western honey bee

Amel\LOC410559

Apis mellifera

Western honey bee

Amel\LOC410996

Nasonia vitripennis

Parasitic wasp

Nvit\Nasvi2EG018315

Acromyrmex echinatior

Panamanian leafcutter ant

Aech\AECH20452

Acromyrmex echinatior

Panamanian leafcutter ant

Aech\AECH21925

Atta cephalotes

Leafcutter ant

Acep\ACEP11265

Atta cephalotes

Leafcutter ant

Acep\ACEP11261

Atta cephalotes

Leafcutter ant

Acep\ACEP17634

Camponotus floridanus

Florida carpenter ant

Cflo\CFLO19000

Camponotus floridanus

Florida carpenter ant

Cflo\CFLO23622

Camponotus floridanus

Florida carpenter ant

Cflo\CFLO13994

Harpegnathos saltator

Jerdons jumping ant

Hsal\HSAL22524

Harpegnathos saltator

Jerdons jumping ant

Hsal\HSAL22566

Harpegnathos saltator

Jerdons jumping ant

Hsal\HSAL20351

Linepithema humile

Argentine ant

Lhum\LH16789

Linepithema humile

Argentine ant

Lhum\LH15277

Linepithema humile

Argentine ant

Lhum\LH14606

Pogonomyrmex barbatus

Red harvester ant

Pbar\PB19307

Pogonomyrmex barbatus

Red harvester ant

Pbar\PB19305

Solenopsis invicta

Red fire ant

Sinv\SINV14679

Solenopsis invicta

Red fire ant

Sinv\SINV12305

Solenopsis invicta

Red fire ant

Sinv\SINV12322

Acyrthosiphon pisum

Pea aphid

Apim\Tub1

Acyrthosiphon pisum

Pea aphid

Apim\ACYPI007327

Acyrthosiphon pisum

Pea aphid

Apim\ACYPI004188

Bombyx mori

Silkmoth

Bmor\BGIBMGA009131

Bombyx mori

Silkmoth

Bmor\BGIBMGA004603

Bombyx mori

Silkmoth

Bmor\bmtub2

Pediculus humanus

Human body louse

Phum\PHUM244070

Tribolium castaneum

Red flour beetle

Tcas\TC009589

Tribolium castaneum

Red flour beetle

Tcas\TC009035

Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6J3TZB)

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\JGI_V11_300845

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\matK

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\Wnt5b

Ixodes scapularis

Deer tick

Isca\ISCW005137

Ixodes scapularis

Deer tick

Isca\ISCW024581

Ixodes scapularis

Deer tick

Isca\ISCW021482

Ixodes scapularis

Deer tick

Isca\ISCW017133

Ixodes scapularis

Deer tick

Isca\ISCW017136

Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6G208T)

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Caenorhabditis elegans

Nematode

Cele\ben-1

Caenorhabditis elegans

Nematode

Cele\tbb-2

Caenorhabditis elegans

Nematode

Cele\tbb-1

Caenorhabditis elegans

Nematode

Cele\tbb-4

Caenorhabditis elegans

Nematode

Cele\mec-7

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\SPU_014285gn

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\SPU_000411gn

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\SPU_002788gn

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\SPU_010396gn

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\SPU_007425gn

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\SPU_000062gn

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\SPU_003894gn

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\SPU_013273gn

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\SPU_007424gn

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\SPU_000061gn

Danio rerio

Zebrafish

Drer\zgc:112335

Danio rerio

Zebrafish

Drer\wu:fj41e11

Danio rerio

Zebrafish

Drer\tubb2c

Danio rerio

Zebrafish

Drer\wu:fj41e11

Danio rerio

Zebrafish

Drer\DKEY-2N12.2

Danio rerio

Zebrafish

Drer\ENSDARG00000086257

Danio rerio

Zebrafish

Drer\si:ch211-9a18.2

Danio rerio

Zebrafish

Drer\zgc:123194

Xenopus tropicalis

Western clawed frog

Xtro\tubb2b

Xenopus tropicalis

Western clawed frog

Xtro\tubb3

Xenopus tropicalis

Western clawed frog

Xtro\tubb6

Xenopus tropicalis

Western clawed frog

Xtro\tubb4b

Xenopus tropicalis

Western clawed frog

Xtro\tubb4a

Xenopus tropicalis

Western clawed frog

Xtro\tubb

Gallus gallus

Domestic chicken

Ggal\TUBB2B

Gallus gallus

Domestic chicken

Ggal\TUBB2B

Gallus gallus

Domestic chicken

Ggal\TUBB2C

Mus musculus

House mouse

Mmus\Tubb4a

Mus musculus

House mouse

Mmus\Tubb4b

Mus musculus

House mouse

Mmus\Tubb3

Mus musculus

House mouse

Mmus\Tubb2a

Mus musculus

House mouse

Mmus\Tubb6

Mus musculus

House mouse

Mmus\Tubb2b

Rattus norvegicus

Norway rat

Rnor\Tubb2a

Rattus norvegicus

Norway rat

Rnor\Tubb2b

Rattus norvegicus

Norway rat

Rnor\ENSRNOG00000000821

Rattus norvegicus

Norway rat

Rnor\Tubb6

Rattus norvegicus

Norway rat

Rnor\Tubb4b

Rattus norvegicus

Norway rat

Rnor\Tubb3

Homo sapiens

Human

Hsap\TUBB

Homo sapiens

Human

Hsap\TUBB4A

Homo sapiens

Human

Hsap\TUBB3

Homo sapiens

Human

Hsap\TUBB2A

Homo sapiens

Human

Hsap\TUBB3

Homo sapiens

Human

Hsap\MC1R

Homo sapiens

Human

Hsap\TUBB2B

Homo sapiens

Human

Hsap\TUBB4B

Homo sapiens

Human

Hsap\TUBB6

Human Orthologs (9)

Gene

OMIM

HGNC

AAA Orthologs (10) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3

Organism

Gene

Drosophila sechellia

Drosophila erecta

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila ananassae

Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura

Dpse\GA21728

Drosophila persimilis

Dper\GL13671

Drosophila willistoni

Dwil\GK12133

Drosophila virilis

Dvir\GJ23573

Drosophila mojavensis

Dmoj\GI23599

Drosophila grimshawi

Dgri\GH19142

Stocks & Reagents

Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 16 )

Bloomington

2449

βTub85D³ cu¹/TM3, Sb¹

6971

2448

st¹ βTub85D^Drv2 by¹/TM3, Sb¹

2453

kni^ri-1 βTub85Dⁿ e¹/TM3, Sb¹

1784

st¹ βTub85D^Drv1 p^p ss¹/TM3, Sb¹

1393

ru¹ h¹ th¹ st¹ βTub85D⁶ ca¹/TM2

2451

st¹ βTub85D^D ss¹ e^s/TM2 & dsx^D Sb¹ e¹/TM2

Kyoto

107336

βTub85D³ cu¹/TM3, Sb¹

107335

st¹ βTub85D^Drv2 by¹/TM3, Sb¹

107340

kni^ri-1 βTub85Dⁿ e¹/TM3, Sb¹

107338

st¹ βTub85D^D ss¹ e^s/TM2 & dsx^D Sb¹ e¹/TM2

VDRC

v24144

w¹¹¹⁸ P{GD14200}v24144

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones ( 1 )

BACR19J06

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones ( 53 )

Please Note

This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi & Array Information

DRSC - Results from RNAi screens.

•

FBgn0003889

GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

•

41124

Antibody Information

Other Information

Discoverer

Etymology

Identification

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database identity of

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Other Comments

When Hvir\βt is coexpressed with βTub85D the moth isoform imposed the 16-protofilament structure, characteristic of that found in moth, on the corresponding subset of microtubules, which normally contain only 13-protofilament microtubules. This demonstrates the architecture of the microtubule cytoskeleton can be directed by a component of β-tubulin.

(Raff et al., 1997)

Sequence information in the internal variable region is important for morphological development of the axoneme microtubules. This domain acts in concert with the variable C-terminus and both are involved in determining some of the functional properties that are unique to a given β-tubulin isoform.

(Fackenthal et al., 1993)

The correct tubulin protein levels in the male germ cells is investigated.

(Hoyle et al., 1995)

Analysis of truncated βTub85D products reveals that the carboxy terminus is required for the organization of microtubule suprastructures in spermatogenesis.

An 18bp element, DE1 (downstream element 1), present in the 5' untranslated region of βTub85D is required for enhanced mRNA stability during spermiogenesis. The function of this element is autonomous and is transferable also on other mRNAs.

(Michiels et al., 1993)

Identified in 2D gels of CMW W2 wing imaginal disc cell proteins.

(Santaren et al., 1993)

Altered pattern of βTub85D gene expression in neurogenic mutants indicates a role for the neurogenic genes in the development of most visceral and somatic muscles.

(Corbin et al., 1991)

The distribution of βTub56D, βTub60D and βTub85D proteins in the testes has been analysed.

(Kaltschmidt et al., 1991)

A 14bp promoter element required for testis-specific βTub85D expression has been investigated using βTub85D-Ecol\lacZ regulatory fusion constructs.

(Michiels et al., 1991)

P-element mediated transformation studies suggest that βTub60D can support only a subset of the multiple functions normally performed by βTub85D. Coexpression of βTub60D and βTub85D in the male germ line allows spindles and all classes of cytoplasmic microtubules to assemble and function normally. However when βTub60D exceeds 20% of the total testis β-tubulin pool it acts in a dominant way to disrupt normal axoneme assembly.

(Hoyle and Raff, 1990)

An allele of αTub84B has been identified due to second site non-complementation of alleles (including a null allele) of βTub85D. The genetic interaction between βTub85D and αTub84B is based on the structural interaction between the protein products of each gene.

(Hays et al., 1989)

Sequences required for the testis-specific expression of βTub85D have been investigated using βTub85D-Ecol\lacZ fusion constructs.

(Fyrberg and Goldstein, 1990)

The degree of homology between βTub85D and βTub56D is high and there is complete sequence conservation in the βTub85D proteins of D.melanogaster and D.hydei.

(Michiels et al., 1987)

Tubulins are the main structural components of microtubules in mitotic and meiotic spindles, cilia, flagella, neural processes and the cytoskeleton; nontubulin proteins (MAPS or microtubule-associated proteins) are involved along with tubulins in the formation of specialized microtubules (Theurkauf, Baum, Bo and Wensink, 1986; Rudolph, Kimble, Hoyle, Subler and Raff, 1987). Tubulin proteins are found in a wide variety of species from unicellular organisms to man; their biochemical and molecular structure is highly conserved. The α- and β-subunits from different organisms can be combined in vitro into hybrid microtubule structures and there is a high level of primary amino acid sequence identity in the proteins (Sanchez, Natzle, Cleveland, Kirschner and McCarthy, 1980; Raff, 1984). In D.melanogaster, two multigene families, each made up of four members, code for α- and β-tubulins, each tubulin subunit being a 55,000 dalton polypeptide. The tubulin genes in each multigene family are dispersed in the second and/or third chromosomes rather than arranged in clusters. βTub85D is a structural gene for β-tubulin. It is transcribed into mRNA that is testis-specific; the mRNA is translated into a β-tubulin subunit that is involved in the formation of microtubules in the sperm tail axoneme, the cytoplasmic microtubules and the meiotic spindle (Kemphues, Kaufman, Raff and Raff, 1982; Fuller, Caulton, Hutchens, Kaufman and Raff, 1988). Only the microtubules of the mitotic spindle are not affected by a null mutation in βTub85D. The first mutant discovered, βTub85D^D (Kemphues Raff, Kaufman and Raff, 1979; Kemphues, Raff, Raff and Kaufman, 1980; Kemphues, Kaufman, Raff and Raff, 1982; Kemphues, Kaufman, Raff and Raff, 1983), codes in males for an electrophoretic variant of β₂-tubulin that causes disruption of microtubule function in all stages of spermatogenesis (beginning with meiosis) and shows abnormal spindle formation, abnormal chromosome movement and no cytokinesis. This phenotype is expressed in males in both homo- and heterozygotes; mutants heterozygous over wild type contain both wild-type and mutant β₂-tubulins; mutants over a deficiency for the locus contain only mutant β₂-tubulin. Severity of effect on meiosis is as follows: βTub85D^D/βTub85D^D > βTub85D^D/+ > βTub85D^D/+/+, the first two genotypes being sterile and the last weakly fertile. All females are fertile. Chromosome replication and condensation appear normal. Recessive male-sterile mutations have also been induced, two of them in βTub85D^D chromosomes and the rest in βTub85D⁺ chromosomes. Testes of flies homozygous for the recessives βTub85D³, βTub85D⁴, βTub85D^Drv1, and βTub85D^Drv2 synthesize, but later degrade, both α-tubulin and β-tubulin and show abnormalities in meiotic divisions, nuclear shaping, and formation of the flagellar axoneme (Kemphues, Kaufman, Raff and Raff, 1982; Kemphues, Kaufman, Raff and Raff, 1983; Fuller, 1986). The most extreme recessive allele, βTub85Dⁿ, is male sterile but female fertile when homozygous (Fuller, Caulton, Hutchens, Kaufman and Raff, 1988); heterozygotes raised at 25^oC are male fertile, but those raised at 18^oC are male sterile. Recessive alleles βTub85D⁶ - βTub85D¹⁰ seem to accumulate normal amounts of β-tubulin but the β-tubulin subunits are defective. βTub85D⁶, βTub85D⁷ and βTub85D⁸ cause different defects in spermatogenesis. βTub85D⁸ is unable to form normal closed microtubules (Fuller, Caulton, Hutchens, Kaufman and Raff, 1987); in homozygous males it is defective in meiosis, nuclear shaping, and flagellar elongation. This allele is semidominant; heterozygous males with one normal and one abnormal tubulin subunit, form some functional sperm. Transheterozygotes between ms(3)nc (second site non-complementing) mutations and certain βTub85D alleles are male sterile even if wild-type copies of both genes are present (Fuller, 1986); a deletion of a ms(3)nc mutation in a heterozygote over βTub85Dⁿ, however, is fertile in males.

External Crossreferences & Linkouts

Sequence Crossreferences

RefSeq (Transcripts)

•

NM_079566

RefSeq (Proteins)

•

NP_524290

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

•

Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes.

•

41124

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

•

P61857

Other Crossreferences

InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites

•

Tubulin (IPR000217)

Beta tubulin (IPR002453)

Tubulin/FtsZ, GTPase domain (IPR003008)

Tubulin/FtsZ, C-terminal (IPR008280)

Tubulin, conserved site (IPR017975)

Tubulin/FtsZ, 2-layer sandwich domain (IPR018316)

Beta tubulin, autoregulation binding site (IPR013838)

Tubulin, C-terminal (IPR023123)

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

•

GH02051

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions

•

66289

DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map

•

FBgn0003889

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

•

FBgn0003889

DRSC - Results from RNAi screens.

•

FBgn0003889

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

•

FBgn0003889

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

•

CG9359-RA

FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans

•

FBgn0003889

GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

•

41124

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

•

/cytoskel/tubet2-1.htm

InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

•

41124

modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project.

•

FBgn0003889

REDfly - A database of transcriptional regulatory elements.

•

FBgn0003889

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 43 )

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

B2t

(Mounkes and Fuller, 1999, Hutchens et al., 1997, Fackenthal et al., 1995, Fuller, 1993, Green et al., 1990, Hays et al., 1989, Fuller et al., 1988, Regan and Fuller, 1988, Kemphues et al., 1980, Hawley and Gilliland, 2006, Hoyle et al., 2008)

BETA2

BETA 85D

(Robida and Singh, 2003, Giot et al., 2003, Dorus et al., 2006, Kallappagoudar et al., 2010, Shieh and Bonini, 2011, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21)

betaTub85D

beta-tub85D

(Findlay et al., 2009)

CG9359

(Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5)

D.m.BETA-85D

Dmβ2

(Raff et al., 1997)

DTB4

(Harris and Peifer, 2004)

ms(3)KK^D

Tub

β2

(Dutcher, 2001, Hoyle et al., 1995, Michiels et al., 1993, Hoyle et al., 1991, Kaltschmidt et al., 1991, Fackenthal and Raff, 1990, Michiels et al., 1987, Nielsen et al., 2006, Raff et al., 2008, Popodi et al., 2008, Popodi et al., 2008)

β2t

(Wilson and Borisy, 1997, Fuller, 1986, Metcalf and Wassarman, 2006, Jattani et al., 2009, Aoyagi and Wassarman, 2001)

β2tub

(Wei et al., 1994)

β2-tub

(Delgehyr et al., 2012)

β85D

(Raff, 1984)

β(2)Tu

(Nurminsky et al., 1998)

β(2)Tub

(Mikhaylova et al., 2006)

β₂-tubulin

(Raff, 1984)

β-tub

(Pal Bhadra et al., 2005)

βTub2

β-Tub85D

(Doheny et al., 2008)

βTub85D

(Sackton et al., 2007, Junion et al., 2007, Takemori and Yamamoto, 2009, Anderson et al., 2009, Dorus et al., 2006, Chan et al., 2011)

Name Synonym

b2 tubulin

(Bluemer et al., 2000)

beta 2 tubulin