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Gene Dmel\βTub97EF

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\βTub97EF	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	β-Tubulin at 97EF	Annotation symbol	CG4869
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0003890
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	5 publicly available
Also Known As	betaTub97EF, β-Tub, βTub98C, DTB1
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3R	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	98B6-98B7	Sequence location	3R:23,792,730..23,814,106 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene β-Tubulin at 97EF is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\βTub97EF (CG4869, FBgn0003890). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Based on sequence similarity, it is predicted to have molecular function: structural constituent of cytoskeleton. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: centrosome duplication. 5 alleles are reported. No phenotypic data is available. It has 2 annotated transcripts and 2 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Beta tubulin; Beta tubulin, autoregulation binding site; Tubulin; Tubulin, C-terminal; Tubulin, conserved site; Tubulin/FtsZ, 2-layer sandwich domain; Tubulin/FtsZ, C-terminal; Tubulin/FtsZ, GTPase domain. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 18-24 hour embryonic stages, during early larval stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Nearly all larval and adult organs/tissues expressed at moderate or high levels. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult eye, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, adult fat body, adult spermathecae, larval/adult carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, larval/adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval Malpighian tubules, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult male accessory gland. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1625885_at completely aligns to an exonic region common to each of the 2 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of betaTub97EF. Gene sequence location is 3R:23792730..23814106.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	βTub97EF (β4t) A structural gene for β-tubulin. It is transcribed into mRNA that occurs ubiquitously throughout development. βTub97EF is expressed coordinately with βTub56D, but the βTub97EF transcripts are much less prevalent. They occur at highest concentration during the first half of embryogenesis and the first and second larval instars (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984). No protein variant has been described (Gasch et al., 1988).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 98B6-98B7   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}btzrL203 and P{PZ}l(3)0648706487
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 98C-98C   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Foe et al., 1993) 97E-97F   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Whiting et al., 1989)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\βTub97EF for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.47 Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) βTub97EF-RB FBtr0300611  NM_001170282   1701   457 βTub97EF-RC FBtr0334906  NM_143349   1701   457
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	1.8 (northern blot) (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein βTub97EF-PB   FBpp0289838   51.3   457   4.49     NP_001163753   ACZ95047 βTub97EF-PC   FBpp0306927   51.3   457   4.46     NP_651606   AAF56770
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Tubulin (IPR000217) Beta tubulin (IPR002453) Tubulin/FtsZ, GTPase domain (IPR003008) Tubulin/FtsZ, C-terminal (IPR008280) Tubulin, conserved site (IPR017975) Tubulin/FtsZ, 2-layer sandwich domain (IPR018316) Beta tubulin, autoregulation binding site (IPR013838) Tubulin, C-terminal (IPR023123)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA695983   AA804053   AA804073   AE014297 AAF56770   AE014297 ACZ95047   AI134108   AI134500   AI295510   AI296504   AI387541   AI389189   AI403428   AI532861   AI543128   AK258589   AK281618   AK281772   AK281795   AK283254   AK283684   AK283888   AY118611 AAM49980   AY231753   BI612466   BX063544   CA804265   CO333327   CZ479627   EC053050   EC075449   EC195630   EC205362   EC264046   EL883541   EL883542   EV578860   EV583360   GH750274   GH750601   GH750691   GH750888   GH751596   GH752096   GH752122   GH752737   GH753677   GH753855   GH753894   GH755547   GH755796   GH755822   GH758244   GH771142   GH771625   GH773856   GH776559   GH776647   GH777348   GH778667   GH778703   GH781264   GH781309   GH781592   GH781881   GH782238   GH782366   GH782402   GH783069   GH783346   GH784327   GH785694   GH788457   GH788951   GH789126   GH789177   GH789660   GH790735   GH792304   GH795164   GH795508   GH795514   GH796679   GH797462   GH797806   GH797846   GH797994   GH798602   GH799058   GH801828   GH802200   GH802230   GH802838   GH803173   GH803229   GH803426   GH803648   GH803881   GH804039   GH804569   GH805993   GH807039   GH807122   GH807219   GH807977   GH811490   GH811995   GH812330   GH812964   GH813567   GH815981   GH816359   GH817557   GH818476   GH818689   GH819614   GH820468   GH820709   GH821714   GH821941   GH824708   GH826389   GH827600   GH830083   GH834818   GH834854   GH835099   GH835746   GH837566   GH838074   GH838420   GH839252   GH840012   GH840122   GH840145   GH840686   GH843237   GH843781   GH843842   GH844183   GH845076   GH845939   GH848132   GH852388   GH853526   GH853921   GH854581   GH855216   GH856498   GH858487   GH859773   GH859903   GH861493   GH862776   GH863063   GH863304   GH863617   GH863954   GH864592   GH865016   GH865278   GH865363   GH867031   GH868292   GH869912   GH871329   GH872171   GH872401   GH873227   GH874978   GH875876   GH877090   GH877736   GH877923   GH878029   GH879028   GH879295   GH879713   GH879970   GH881281   GH881442   GH881896   GH883241   GH883798   GH883933   GH884523   GH885900   GH886486   GH886827   GH887024   GH888315   GH888726   GH889935   GH890927   GH891513   GH891807   GH892563   GH893531   GH893926   GH894444   GH894630   GH894842   GH894941   GH895026   GH895943   GH897319   GH897429   GH899246   GH899350   GH904887   GH905149   GH905611   GH905682   GH905728   GH905749   GH907784   GH909940   GH913067   GH913529   GH914343   GH914601   GH915238   GH915498   GH916087   GH916455   GH916792   GH919472   GH920390   GH920797   GH921732   GH921933   GH924414   GH926508   GH926654   GH927067   GH927370   GH928007   GH928241   GH931608   GH931732   GH931916   GH932548   GH933288   GH933621   GH933662   GH934995   GH935788   GH936519   GH936712   GH938390   GH939619   GH939670   GH940202   GH940537   GH940676   GH940709   GH940779   GH940813   GH940858
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q8MST5 Q9VAX7
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 17     (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984) Comment:reference states 0-21 hr AEL first instar larval stage     (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984) second instar larval stage     (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984) third instar larval stage     (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984) prepupal stage     (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984) pupal stage     (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference wandering third instar larval stage   neuromuscular junction   • microtubule of axon (Trotta et al., 2004) Comment:not in synaptic boutons muscle cell   (Trotta et al., 2004) mass spectroscopy Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male   spermatozoon   (Dorus et al., 2006, Wasbrough et al., 2010) day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood   adult heart   (Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
	When localization of acetylated or glutamylated tubulin was detected, it was found only in stabilized microtubules. (Trotta et al., 2004)
Marker for
	microtubule &&of neuromuscular junction
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Nearly all larval and adult organs/tissues expressed at moderate or high levels. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult eye, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, adult fat body, adult spermathecae, larval/adult carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, larval/adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval Malpighian tubules, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult male accessory gland. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    200 Larval Midgut    1146.8 Larval Hindgut    787.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    408.5 Larval Fat Body    52.3 Larval Salivary Gland    205.5 Larval Trachea    143.225 Larval Carcass    513.4 Adult Head    474.9 Adult Eye    767.65 Adult Brain    216.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    232.3 Adult Crop    337.6 Adult Midgut    736.2 Adult Hindgut    605.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    841.2 Adult Fat Body    729.8 Adult Salivary Gland    150.1 Adult Heart    737.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    524.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    532.6 Adult Ovary    78.6 Adult Testis    33.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    464.5 Adult Carcass    518.4 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    200 Larval Midgut  (1146.8) Larval Hindgut  (787.1) Larval Malpighian Tubules    408.5 Larval Fat Body    52.3 Larval Salivary Gland    205.5 Larval Trachea    143.225 Larval Carcass  513.4 Adult Head    474.9 Adult Eye  (767.65) Adult Brain    216.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    232.3 Adult Crop    337.6 Adult Midgut  (736.2) Adult Hindgut  (605.3) Adult Malpighian Tubules  (841.2) Adult Fat Body  (729.8) Adult Salivary Gland    150.1 Adult Heart  (737.4) Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  524.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca  532.6 Adult Ovary    78.6 Adult Testis    33.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    464.5 Adult Carcass  518.4 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    200 Larval Midgut  (1146.8) Larval Hindgut    787.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    408.5 Larval Fat Body    52.3 Larval Salivary Gland    205.5 Larval Trachea    143.225 Larval Carcass    513.4 Adult Head    474.9 Adult Eye    767.65 Adult Brain    216.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    232.3 Adult Crop    337.6 Adult Midgut    736.2 Adult Hindgut    605.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    841.2 Adult Fat Body    729.8 Adult Salivary Gland    150.1 Adult Heart    737.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    524.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    532.6 Adult Ovary    78.6 Adult Testis    33.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    464.5 Adult Carcass    518.4 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    200 Larval Midgut    1146.8 Larval Hindgut    787.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    408.5 Larval Fat Body    52.3 Larval Salivary Gland    205.5 Larval Trachea    143.225 Larval Carcass    513.4 Adult Head    474.9 Adult Eye    767.65 Adult Brain    216.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    232.3 Adult Crop    337.6 Adult Midgut    736.2 Adult Hindgut    605.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    841.2 Adult Fat Body    729.8 Adult Salivary Gland    150.1 Adult Heart    737.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    524.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    532.6 Adult Ovary    78.6 Adult Testis    33.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    464.5 Adult Carcass    518.4 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    200 Larval Midgut    1146.8 Larval Hindgut    787.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    408.5 Larval Fat Body    52.3 Larval Salivary Gland    205.5 Larval Trachea    143.225 Larval Carcass    513.4 Adult Head    474.9 Adult Eye    767.65 Adult Brain    216.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    232.3 Adult Crop    337.6 Adult Midgut    736.2 Adult Hindgut    605.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    841.2 Adult Fat Body    729.8 Adult Salivary Gland    150.1 Adult Heart    737.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    524.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    532.6 Adult Ovary    78.6 Adult Testis    33.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    464.5 Adult Carcass    518.4 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    200 Larval Midgut  (1146.8) Larval Hindgut  787.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    408.5 Larval Fat Body    52.3 Larval Salivary Gland    205.5 Larval Trachea    143.225 Larval Carcass  513.4 Adult Head    474.9 Adult Eye  767.65 Adult Brain    216.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    232.3 Adult Crop    337.6 Adult Midgut  736.2 Adult Hindgut  605.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules  (841.2) Adult Fat Body  729.8 Adult Salivary Gland    150.1 Adult Heart  737.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  524.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca  532.6 Adult Ovary    78.6 Adult Testis    33.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    464.5 Adult Carcass  518.4 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    200 Larval Midgut  1146.8 Larval Hindgut    787.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    408.5 Larval Fat Body    52.3 Larval Salivary Gland    205.5 Larval Trachea    143.225 Larval Carcass    513.4 Adult Head    474.9 Adult Eye    767.65 Adult Brain    216.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    232.3 Adult Crop    337.6 Adult Midgut    736.2 Adult Hindgut    605.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    841.2 Adult Fat Body    729.8 Adult Salivary Gland    150.1 Adult Heart    737.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    524.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    532.6 Adult Ovary    78.6 Adult Testis    33.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    464.5 Adult Carcass    518.4 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    200 Larval Midgut    1146.8 Larval Hindgut    787.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    408.5 Larval Fat Body    52.3 Larval Salivary Gland    205.5 Larval Trachea    143.225 Larval Carcass    513.4 Adult Head    474.9 Adult Eye    767.65 Adult Brain    216.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    232.3 Adult Crop    337.6 Adult Midgut    736.2 Adult Hindgut    605.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    841.2 Adult Fat Body    729.8 Adult Salivary Gland    150.1 Adult Heart    737.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    524.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    532.6 Adult Ovary    78.6 Adult Testis    33.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    464.5 Adult Carcass    518.4 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    474.9   NA  Eye    767.65   NA  Brain    216.8   200  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    232.3   NA  Crop    337.6   1146.8  Midgut    736.2   787.1  Hindgut    605.3   408.5  Malpighian Tubules    841.2   no informative data  Fat Body    729.8   205.5  Salivary Gland    150.1   NA  Heart    737.4   143.225  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    524.7   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    532.6   NA  Ovary    78.6   NA  Testis    33.7   NA  Male Accessory Gland    464.5   513.4  Carcass    518.4 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    5 central nervous system, larvae L3    4 central nervous system, pupae P8    18 head, virgin 1-day female    41 head, virgin 4-day female    25 head, virgin 20-day female    30 head, mated 1-day female    30 head, mated 4-day female    22 head, mated 20-day female    23 head, mated 1-day male    40 head, mated 4-day male    30 head, mated 20-day male    39 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    18 digestive system, 1-day adult    45 digestive system, 4-day adult    37 digestive system, 20-day adult    48 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    3 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    25 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    27 carcass, 4-day adult    21 carcass, 20-day adult    23 ovary, virgin 4-day female    2 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    5 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    5 central nervous system, larvae L3    4 central nervous system, pupae P8    18 head, virgin 1-day female  (41) head, virgin 4-day female    25 head, virgin 20-day female  (30) head, mated 1-day female  (30) head, mated 4-day female    22 head, mated 20-day female    23 head, mated 1-day male  (40) head, mated 4-day male  (30) head, mated 20-day male  (39) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    18 digestive system, 1-day adult  (45) digestive system, 4-day adult  (37) digestive system, 20-day adult  (48) fat body, larvae L3 wandering    3 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    25 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult  (27) carcass, 4-day adult    21 carcass, 20-day adult    23 ovary, virgin 4-day female    2 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    5 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    5 central nervous system, larvae L3    4 central nervous system, pupae P8    18 head, virgin 1-day female    41 head, virgin 4-day female    25 head, virgin 20-day female    30 head, mated 1-day female    30 head, mated 4-day female    22 head, mated 20-day female    23 head, mated 1-day male    40 head, mated 4-day male    30 head, mated 20-day male    39 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    18 digestive system, 1-day adult    45 digestive system, 4-day adult    37 digestive system, 20-day adult    48 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    3 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    25 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    27 carcass, 4-day adult    21 carcass, 20-day adult    23 ovary, virgin 4-day female    2 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    5 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    5 central nervous system, larvae L3    4 central nervous system, pupae P8    18 head, virgin 1-day female    41 head, virgin 4-day female    25 head, virgin 20-day female    30 head, mated 1-day female    30 head, mated 4-day female    22 head, mated 20-day female    23 head, mated 1-day male    40 head, mated 4-day male    30 head, mated 20-day male    39 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    18 digestive system, 1-day adult    45 digestive system, 4-day adult    37 digestive system, 20-day adult    48 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    3 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    25 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    27 carcass, 4-day adult    21 carcass, 20-day adult    23 ovary, virgin 4-day female    2 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    5 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    12 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    5 central nervous system, larvae L3    4 central nervous system, pupae P8    18 head, virgin 1-day female    41 head, virgin 4-day female    25 head, virgin 20-day female    30 head, mated 1-day female    30 head, mated 4-day female    22 head, mated 20-day female    23 head, mated 1-day male    40 head, mated 4-day male    30 head, mated 20-day male    39 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    18 digestive system, 1-day adult    45 digestive system, 4-day adult    37 digestive system, 20-day adult    48 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    3 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    25 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    27 carcass, 4-day adult    21 carcass, 20-day adult    23 ovary, virgin 4-day female    2 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    5 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    5 central nervous system, larvae L3    4 central nervous system, pupae P8    18 head, virgin 1-day female  (41) head, virgin 4-day female    25 head, virgin 20-day female  30 head, mated 1-day female  30 head, mated 4-day female    22 head, mated 20-day female    23 head, mated 1-day male  (40) head, mated 4-day male  30 head, mated 20-day male  (39) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    18 digestive system, 1-day adult  (45) digestive system, 4-day adult  (37) digestive system, 20-day adult  (48) fat body, larvae L3 wandering    3 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    25 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult  27 carcass, 4-day adult    21 carcass, 20-day adult    23 ovary, virgin 4-day female    2 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    5 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    5 central nervous system, larvae L3    4 central nervous system, pupae P8    18 head, virgin 1-day female    41 head, virgin 4-day female    25 head, virgin 20-day female    30 head, mated 1-day female    30 head, mated 4-day female    22 head, mated 20-day female    23 head, mated 1-day male    40 head, mated 4-day male    30 head, mated 20-day male    39 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    18 digestive system, 1-day adult    45 digestive system, 4-day adult    37 digestive system, 20-day adult    48 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    3 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    25 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    27 carcass, 4-day adult    21 carcass, 20-day adult    23 ovary, virgin 4-day female    2 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    5 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    5 central nervous system, larvae L3    4 central nervous system, pupae P8    18 head, virgin 1-day female    41 head, virgin 4-day female    25 head, virgin 20-day female    30 head, mated 1-day female    30 head, mated 4-day female    22 head, mated 20-day female    23 head, mated 1-day male    40 head, mated 4-day male    30 head, mated 20-day male    39 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    18 digestive system, 1-day adult    45 digestive system, 4-day adult    37 digestive system, 20-day adult    48 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    3 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    25 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    27 carcass, 4-day adult    21 carcass, 20-day adult    23 ovary, virgin 4-day female    2 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    5 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 18-24 hour embryonic stages, during early larval stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    6 embryo 08-10hr    13 embryo 10-12hr    53 embryo 12-14hr    54 embryo 14-16hr    102 embryo 16-18hr    81 embryo 18-20hr    130 embryo 20-22hr    247 embryo 22-24hr    200 larva L1    243 larva L2    197 larva L3 12hr old    120 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    30 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    7 white prepupae new    6 white prepupae 12hr    11 white prepupae 24hr    11 pupae 2d postWPP    56 pupae 3d postWPP    77 pupae 4d postWPP    131 adult male 01day    72 adult male 05day    59 adult male 30day    62 adult female 01day    80 adult female 05day    24 adult female 30day    31 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    6 embryo 08-10hr    13 embryo 10-12hr  (53) embryo 12-14hr  (54) embryo 14-16hr  (102) embryo 16-18hr  (81) embryo 18-20hr  (130) embryo 20-22hr  (247) embryo 22-24hr  (200) larva L1  (243) larva L2  (197) larva L3 12hr old  (120) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (30) larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    7 white prepupae new    6 white prepupae 12hr    11 white prepupae 24hr    11 pupae 2d postWPP  (56) pupae 3d postWPP  (77) pupae 4d postWPP  (131) adult male 01day  (72) adult male 05day  (59) adult male 30day  (62) adult female 01day  (80) adult female 05day    24 adult female 30day  (31) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    6 embryo 08-10hr    13 embryo 10-12hr    53 embryo 12-14hr    54 embryo 14-16hr  102 embryo 16-18hr    81 embryo 18-20hr  (130) embryo 20-22hr  (247) embryo 22-24hr  (200) larva L1  (243) larva L2  (197) larva L3 12hr old  (120) larva L3 puffstage 1-2    30 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    7 white prepupae new    6 white prepupae 12hr    11 white prepupae 24hr    11 pupae 2d postWPP    56 pupae 3d postWPP    77 pupae 4d postWPP  (131) adult male 01day    72 adult male 05day    59 adult male 30day    62 adult female 01day    80 adult female 05day    24 adult female 30day    31 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    6 embryo 08-10hr    13 embryo 10-12hr    53 embryo 12-14hr    54 embryo 14-16hr    102 embryo 16-18hr    81 embryo 18-20hr    130 embryo 20-22hr    247 embryo 22-24hr    200 larva L1    243 larva L2    197 larva L3 12hr old    120 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    30 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    7 white prepupae new    6 white prepupae 12hr    11 white prepupae 24hr    11 pupae 2d postWPP    56 pupae 3d postWPP    77 pupae 4d postWPP    131 adult male 01day    72 adult male 05day    59 adult male 30day    62 adult female 01day    80 adult female 05day    24 adult female 30day    31 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    6 embryo 08-10hr    13 embryo 10-12hr    53 embryo 12-14hr    54 embryo 14-16hr    102 embryo 16-18hr    81 embryo 18-20hr    130 embryo 20-22hr    247 embryo 22-24hr    200 larva L1    243 larva L2    197 larva L3 12hr old    120 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    30 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    7 white prepupae new    6 white prepupae 12hr    11 white prepupae 24hr    11 pupae 2d postWPP    56 pupae 3d postWPP    77 pupae 4d postWPP    131 adult male 01day    72 adult male 05day    59 adult male 30day    62 adult female 01day    80 adult female 05day    24 adult female 30day    31 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    6 embryo 08-10hr    13 embryo 10-12hr  (53) embryo 12-14hr  (54) embryo 14-16hr  (102) embryo 16-18hr  (81) embryo 18-20hr  (130) embryo 20-22hr  (247) embryo 22-24hr  (200) larva L1  (243) larva L2  (197) larva L3 12hr old  (120) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  30 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    7 white prepupae new    6 white prepupae 12hr    11 white prepupae 24hr    11 pupae 2d postWPP  (56) pupae 3d postWPP  (77) pupae 4d postWPP  (131) adult male 01day  (72) adult male 05day  (59) adult male 30day  (62) adult female 01day  (80) adult female 05day    24 adult female 30day  31 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    6 embryo 08-10hr    13 embryo 10-12hr    53 embryo 12-14hr    54 embryo 14-16hr  102 embryo 16-18hr    81 embryo 18-20hr  130 embryo 20-22hr  (247) embryo 22-24hr  (200) larva L1  (243) larva L2  (197) larva L3 12hr old  120 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    30 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    7 white prepupae new    6 white prepupae 12hr    11 white prepupae 24hr    11 pupae 2d postWPP    56 pupae 3d postWPP    77 pupae 4d postWPP  131 adult male 01day    72 adult male 05day    59 adult male 30day    62 adult female 01day    80 adult female 05day    24 adult female 30day    31 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    6 embryo 08-10hr    13 embryo 10-12hr    53 embryo 12-14hr    54 embryo 14-16hr    102 embryo 16-18hr    81 embryo 18-20hr    130 embryo 20-22hr    247 embryo 22-24hr    200 larva L1    243 larva L2    197 larva L3 12hr old    120 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    30 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    7 white prepupae new    6 white prepupae 12hr    11 white prepupae 24hr    11 pupae 2d postWPP    56 pupae 3d postWPP    77 pupae 4d postWPP    131 adult male 01day    72 adult male 05day    59 adult male 30day    62 adult female 01day    80 adult female 05day    24 adult female 30day    31 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    35 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    41 embryonic Kc167    26 embryonic S1    38 embryonic S3    17 leg disc CME L1    4 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    2 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    6 wing disc ML-DmD21    2 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    1 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    2 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    4 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    16 tumorous blood cells mbn2    13 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (35) Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2  (41) embryonic Kc167  26 embryonic S1  (38) embryonic S3    17 leg disc CME L1    4 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    2 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    6 wing disc ML-DmD21    2 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    1 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    2 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    4 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    16 tumorous blood cells mbn2    13 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    35 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    41 embryonic Kc167    26 embryonic S1    38 embryonic S3    17 leg disc CME L1    4 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    2 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    6 wing disc ML-DmD21    2 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    1 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    2 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    4 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    16 tumorous blood cells mbn2    13 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    35 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    41 embryonic Kc167    26 embryonic S1    38 embryonic S3    17 leg disc CME L1    4 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    2 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    6 wing disc ML-DmD21    2 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    1 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    2 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    4 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    16 tumorous blood cells mbn2    13 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    35 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    41 embryonic Kc167    26 embryonic S1    38 embryonic S3    17 leg disc CME L1    4 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    2 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    6 wing disc ML-DmD21    2 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    1 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    2 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    4 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    16 tumorous blood cells mbn2    13 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (35) Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2  (41) embryonic Kc167  26 embryonic S1  (38) embryonic S3    17 leg disc CME L1    4 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    2 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    6 wing disc ML-DmD21    2 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    1 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    2 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    4 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    16 tumorous blood cells mbn2    13 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    35 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    41 embryonic Kc167    26 embryonic S1    38 embryonic S3    17 leg disc CME L1    4 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    2 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    6 wing disc ML-DmD21    2 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    1 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    2 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    4 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    16 tumorous blood cells mbn2    13 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    35 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    41 embryonic Kc167    26 embryonic S1    38 embryonic S3    17 leg disc CME L1    4 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    2 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    6 wing disc ML-DmD21    2 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    1 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    2 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    4 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    16 tumorous blood cells mbn2    13 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    11 cold shock, 4-day adult    9 heat shock, 4-day adult    21 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    30 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    20 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    37 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    38 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    24 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    34 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    36 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    61 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    11 cold shock, 4-day adult    9 heat shock, 4-day adult    21 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (30) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (27) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    20 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (37) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (38) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    24 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (34) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (36) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (61) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    11 cold shock, 4-day adult    9 heat shock, 4-day adult    21 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    30 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    20 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    37 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    38 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    24 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    34 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    36 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    61 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    11 cold shock, 4-day adult    9 heat shock, 4-day adult    21 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    30 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    20 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    37 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    38 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    24 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    34 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    36 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    61 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    11 cold shock, 4-day adult    9 heat shock, 4-day adult    21 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    30 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    20 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    37 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    38 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    24 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    34 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    36 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    61 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    11 cold shock, 4-day adult    9 heat shock, 4-day adult    21 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  30 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  27 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    20 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (37) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (38) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    24 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (34) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (36) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (61) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    11 cold shock, 4-day adult    9 heat shock, 4-day adult    21 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    30 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    20 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    37 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    38 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    24 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    34 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    36 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    61 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    11 cold shock, 4-day adult    9 heat shock, 4-day adult    21 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    30 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    20 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    37 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    38 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    24 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    34 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    36 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    61 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_20 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_15
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003890 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG4869-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable βTub97EFe01802 Sterility Allele fertile βTub97EFe01802 Phenotype manifest in Allele
Classical Alleles ( 3 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of βTub97EF Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion βTub97EFe01802 piggyBac transposase 2 -- βTub97EFMB03812 1 -- βTub97EFMI06334 1 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 2 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of βTub97EF Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion βTub97EFKK113357 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes βTub97EFNIG.4869R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions Mi{MIC}βTub97EFMI06334 NA PBac{RB}betaTub97EFe01802 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system Mi{ET1}βTub97EFMB03812 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 7 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 term )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
centrosome duplication inferred from mutant phenotype (Müller et al., 2010)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 6 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
GTPase activity inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR008280, InterPro:IPR018316 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) GTP binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000217, InterPro:IPR002453, InterPro:IPR008280, InterPro:IPR017975, InterPro:IPR018316 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) structural constituent of cytoskeleton inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002453 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984, Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
GTP catabolic process inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR008280, InterPro:IPR018316 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) protein polymerization inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003008, InterPro:IPR008280, InterPro:IPR018316 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
microtubule inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000217, InterPro:IPR002453, InterPro:IPR017975 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984, Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions βTub97EF allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003890 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 43359
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (15) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6RBR47 Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6FBJ26 Insect inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Arthropod inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Metazoa inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6RBR47)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\βTub97EF     Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM16302 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG12076 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE10520 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF16133 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA27086 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL23875 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK22527 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ24495 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI24852 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH14021
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6FBJ26)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL005084   Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL005052   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP005293   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ003635
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (None identified)
No non-Dipteran orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (None identified)
No non-Insect Arthropod orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (None identified)
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Human Orthologs (0)
Gene OMIM HGNC
AAA Orthologs (9) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM16302 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG12076 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE10520 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF16133 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA27086 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL23875 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK22527 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ24495 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI24852
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 5 )
Bloomington	24275 w1118; Mi{ET1}βTub97EFMB03812 17990 w1118; PBac{RB}betaTub97EFe01802 41519 y1 w*; Mi{MIC}βTub97EFMI06334
Harvard	- PBac{RB}betaTub97EFe01802
VDRC	v105075 P{KK113357}VIE-260B
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR11P22 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 245 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LP10436
Other clones	yak-em_betaTub56D
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GH11468 GH11977 GH18092 GH20305 GH22862 GM04863 GM12673 GM12738 LP09169 RH41340 SD04496
Other clones	77117 281283 533822 CK01.63C.F12 Dmel_dig_006267_0630_2581 Dmel_dig_009889_0637_2539 EC053050 EK306521 ESG0112d.B21_C08 IP13202 RP003002956 RP003006422 RP003013079 RP003013913 RP003016984 RP003018861 RP003027701 RP003031387 RP003036328 RP003036965 RP003038757 RP003044826 RP003045317 RP003057546 RP003060619 RP003061360 RP003062524 RP003068921 RP003073499 RP003076934 RP003092314 RP003092839 RP003093663 RP003095856 RP003099437 RP003099909 RP003102428 RP003103066 RP003103879 RP003106315 RP003107111 RP003116105 RP003116867 RP003121129 RP003122873 RP003124957 RP003126497 RP003132716 RP003133668 RP003135666 RP003135858 RP003138326 RP003148147 RP003148664 RP003164371 RP003164649 RP003173818 RP003174225 RP003175782 RP003179477 RP003181688 RP003182252 RP003182755 RP003187153 RP003188917 RP003190800 RP003192208 RP003194643 RP003197543 RP003197887 RP003199615 RP003200959 RP003202803 RP003203452 RP003209026 RP003215299 RP003216878 RP003221378 RP003222304 RP003224120 RP003224383 RP003225818 RP003231748 RP003232126 RP003232281 RP003233346 RP003236724 RP003241998 RP003244436 RP003249184 RP003249385 RP003249471 RP003251114 RP003254251 RP003261708 RP003281109 RP003283887 RP003285930 RP003286751 RP003289933 RP003290546 RP003294458 RP003294463 RP003299069 RP003300046 RP003302815 RP003303499 RP003304628 RP003309192 RP003312298 RP003314167 RP003315027 RP003316869 RP003317142 RP003319932 RP003328884 RP003329435 RP003343851 RP003346930 RP003347572 RP003348545 RP003349204 RP003354446 RP003366872 RP003372450 RP003374677 RP003374940 RP003383058 RP003390041 RP003393565 RP003397767 RP003406117 RP003406656 RP003407298 RP003410305 RP003418869 RP003419752 RP003428441 RP003437532 RP003442300 RP003449075 RP003453716 RP003454286 RP003456013 RP003459814 RP003461971 RP003463447 RP003463476 RP003471895 RP003472513 RP003474803 RP003476157 RP003478036 RP003479034 RP003481385 RP003485519 RP003488069 RP003490157 RP003491510 RP003492855 RP003502858 RP003504489 RP003508447 RP003508910 RP003509076 RP003512814 RP003516327 RP003516837 RP003517648 RP003518153 RP003520040 RP003520263 RP003523738 RP003538874 RP003539614 RP003542915 RP003545291 RP003550946 RP003552806 RP003553910 RP003555759 RP003569188 RP003569256 RP003575868 RP003577453 RP003578625 RP003581952 RP003582695 RP003583390 RP003584543 RP003586870 RP003589665 RP003589961 RP003590391 RP003590858 RP003594770 RP003596861 RP003604898 RP003606491 RP003610506 RP003610910 RP003616919 RP003617743 RP003617883 RP003624806 RP003628382 RP003632181 RP003634638 RP003635906 RP003636002 RP003637357 RP003640060 RP003643669 RP003645538 RP003655312 RP003656177 RP003657753 RP003658946 RP003660953 RP003663571 RP003664230 RP003664697 RP003665977 RP003668040 RP003669047 RP003670231 RP003670588 RP003678062 RP003678494 RP003679635 RP003681003 SD09739
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003890 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 43359
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: βTub97EF CG4869 (Gilliland, 2002.10.16)
Additional comments
Other Comments
	Daur\βTub97EF and βTub97EF were thought to have discordant introns, but this is now known to be an error in the published sequence, the introns are concordant. (Stoltzfus et al., 1997) βTub97EF encodes a B4 β-Tubulin function. (Foe et al., 1993) Tubulins are the main structural components of microtubules in mitotic and meiotic spindles, cilia, flagella, neural processes and the cytoskeleton; nontubulin proteins (MAPS or microtubule-associated proteins) are involved along with tubulins in the formation of specialized microtubules (Theurkauf, Baum, Bo and Wensink, 1986; Rudolph, Kimble, Hoyle, Subler and Raff, 1987). Tubulin proteins are found in a wide variety of species from unicellular organisms to man; their biochemical and molecular structure is highly conserved. The α- and β-subunits from different organisms can be combined in vitro into hybrid microtubule structures and there is a high level of primary amino acid sequence identity in the proteins (Sanchez, Natzle, Cleveland, Kirschner and McCarthy, 1980; Raff, 1984). In D.melanogaster, two multigene families, each made up of four members, code for α- and β-tubulins, each tubulin subunit being a 55,000 dalton polypeptide. The tubulin genes in each multigene family are dispersed in the second and/or third chromosomes rather than arranged in clusters. βTub97EF is a structural gene for β-tubulin. It is transcribed into mRNA that occurs ubiquitously throughout development. βTub97EF is expressed coordinately with βTub56D, but the βTub97EF transcripts are much less prevalent. They occur at highest concentration during the first half of embryogenesis and the first and second larval instars (Natzle and McCarthy, 1984). No protein variant has been described (Gasch et al., 1988).
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_143349 NM_001170282 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_651606 NP_001163753 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAF56770 AAM49980 ACZ95047 AI296504 AY118611 CZ479627 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 43359 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q8MST5 Q9VAX7
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Tubulin (IPR000217) Beta tubulin (IPR002453) Tubulin/FtsZ, GTPase domain (IPR003008) Tubulin/FtsZ, C-terminal (IPR008280) Tubulin, conserved site (IPR017975) Tubulin/FtsZ, 2-layer sandwich domain (IPR018316) Beta tubulin, autoregulation binding site (IPR013838) Tubulin, C-terminal (IPR023123)
Linkouts
	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003890 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003890 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003890 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG4869-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0003890 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 43359 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 43359 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0003890
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 31 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	4t (Fyrberg and Goldstein, 1990) B4t   BETA 98B (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000) betaTub97EF (Dorus et al., 2006, Kallappagoudar et al., 2010, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Müller et al., 2010, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21) CG4869 (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Cammarato et al., 2011) Dmβ4 (Raff et al., 1997) DTB1 (Whiting et al., 1989, Natzle and McCarthy, 1984) T (Courgeon et al., 1993) Tub (Harris and Peifer, 2004) β4 (Nielsen et al., 2006) β4t   β97F (Raff, 1984) β-Tub (Sasikumar and Roy, 2009) β-tub (Pal Bhadra et al., 2005) βTub4   β-Tub97EF   βTub97EF (Gilchrist et al., 2008, Muse et al., 2007, Dorus et al., 2006, Buffin and Gho, 2010, Stark et al., 2007) βTub98BC (Fyrberg and Goldstein, 1990) βTub98C (Foe et al., 1993, Fyrberg and Goldstein, 1990, )
Name Synonym	Beta tubulin (Chen and Haddad, 2004) beta-tubulin (Przewloka et al., 2007) beta tubulin (Nielsen et al., 2010) beta-Tubulin at 97EF (Buffin and Gho, 2010, Cammarato et al., 2011) tubulin (Sharp et al., 2000, Reed and Orr-Weaver, 1997, Harris and Peifer, 2004, Harris and Peifer, 2005, Goshima et al., 2005, Ashley et al., 2005, Yuen et al., 2008) Β4-tubulin (Diaz et al., 1990) β4 tubulin   β-Tubulin (Sasikumar and Roy, 2009, Riparbelli et al., 2004, Trotta et al., 2004) β tubulin (Cygnar et al., 2005, Kondylis et al., 2001, Carmena et al., 1998, Fitch and Wakimoto, 1998) β-tubulin (Kwon and Scholey, 2004, Riparbelli and Callaini, 2003, Anderson et al., 2002, Bulgheresi et al., 2001, Vied and Horabin, 2001, Grieder et al., 2000, Parmentier et al., 2000, Yu et al., 2000, Vidwans et al., 1999, Debec et al., 1999, Reddy and Rodrigues, 1999, McCartney et al., 1999, Robinson et al., 1999, Reddy and Rodrigues, 1999, Sharp et al., 1999, Crawford et al., 1998, Logarinho and Sunkel, 1998, Adams et al., 1998, Hirth et al., 1998, Eberl et al., 1997, Eaton et al., 1996, Brill et al., 1995, Xu et al., 2006, Pal Bhadra et al., 2006, Holtzman et al., 2008, Jin et al., 2005, Dilks and DiNardo, 2010) βtubulin (Akong et al., 2002) β-Tubulin at 97EF
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0039567
References ( 100 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 100 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 69 ) Supplementary material  ( 7 ) Review  ( 7 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 9 ) Abstract  ( 4 ) Stock list  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 ) Book  ( 1 )
Recent research papers (0)
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