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Gene Dmel\vls

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\vls	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	valois	Annotation symbol	CG10728
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0003978
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	9 publicly available
Also Known As	val, 38B.5
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2L	Recombination map	2-[54]
Cytogenetic map	38B2-38B2	Sequence location	2L:20,064,261..20,065,675 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene valois is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\vls (CG10728, FBgn0003978). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Its molecular function is unknown. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: embryonic pattern specification; pole plasm assembly; cellularization. 14 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: pole cell; abdominal segment; gamete; karyosome. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: WD40 repeat; WD40 repeat 2; WD40 repeat, conserved site; WD40 repeat-like-containing domain; WD40-repeat-containing domain; WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system, larval trachea, adult ovary. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1629176_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of vls. Gene sequence location is 2L:20064261..20065675.
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	vls: valois (T. Schupbach) exhibit a so-called "grandchildless-knirps" phenotype: all eggs lack polar granules and no pole cells are formed; most of the embryos show variable deletions of abdominal segments; whereby segment A4 is deleted most frequently, larger deletions may remove segments A2 through A7; in extreme cases anterior parts of segment A1 become fused to posterior parts of segment A8, but telson elements are always present and relatively normal. In addition, 80-90% of the embryos fail to cellularize normally at the blastoderm stage and die without forming cuticle, or only fragmented pieces of cuticle. Analysis of germline clones indicates that the mutation is germline autonomous (Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1986, Dev. Biol. 113: 443-48).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2012_01	References Anne, 2010, PLoS ONE 5(12): e14362 Sequence features HFA02101 BKN27220
FB2011_10
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 38B2-38B2   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}barrk14014 and P{EP}nebEP642
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	2-53 (Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1989) 2-[54]
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\vls for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) vls-RA FBtr0081347  NM_136175   1306   367
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein vls-PA   FBpp0080879   40.6   367   6.73     NP_610019   AAF53868
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain (IPR015943) WD40-repeat-containing domain (IPR017986) WD40 repeat (IPR001680) WD40 repeat-like-containing domain (IPR011046) WD40 repeat, conserved site (IPR019775) WD40 repeat 2 (IPR019782)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA695893   AE014134 AAF53868   AC004364   AW941231   AY060895 AAL28443   AY094647 AAM11000   BF495793   BI164667   BI164987   BI169383   BI351797   BI638618   BT044184   CK130518   CO153868   CO285181   CO308476   CO317761   CO335325   EC057555   EC078150   EC200376   EC226581   EC260912   EC266754   FE863531   FE863598   FE863686   FE863845   FE863917   FE863981   GH739481   GH740198   GH740381   GH741442   GH741533   GH741588   GH742078   GH742311   GH743048   GH743166   GH743753   GH743889   GH744157   GH744300   GH744342   GH744396   GH744853   GH745251   GH745852   GH747124   GH747332   GH762167   GH762592   GH763305   GH764446   GH764450   GH764635   GH764852   GH765816   GH766613   GH767119   GH767318   GH767980   GH768077   GH768347   GH768778   GH769888
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q9VIP8
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0003978    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0003978 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 hour embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0003978 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3552 embryo 02-04hr    5075 embryo 04-06hr    6640 embryo 06-08hr    4913 embryo 08-10hr    3332 embryo 10-12hr    2429 embryo 12-14hr    1107 embryo 14-16hr    1358 embryo 16-18hr    890 embryo 18-20hr    786 embryo 20-22hr    555 embryo 22-24hr    476 larva L1    1450 larva L2    1329 larva L3 12hr old    965 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    835 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1013 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1041 white prepupae new    1016 white prepupae 12hr    965 white prepupae 24hr    1229 pupae 2d postWPP    791 pupae 3d postWPP    495 pupae 4d postWPP    495 adult male 01day    453 adult male 05day    596 adult male 30day    621 adult female 01day    2093 adult female 05day    2392 adult female 30day    2643 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (3552) embryo 02-04hr  (5075) embryo 04-06hr  (6640) embryo 06-08hr  (4913) embryo 08-10hr  (3332) embryo 10-12hr  (2429) embryo 12-14hr  (1107) embryo 14-16hr  (1358) embryo 16-18hr  (890) embryo 18-20hr  (786) embryo 20-22hr  (555) embryo 22-24hr  (476) larva L1  (1450) larva L2  (1329) larva L3 12hr old  (965) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (835) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1013) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (1041) white prepupae new  (1016) white prepupae 12hr  (965) white prepupae 24hr  (1229) pupae 2d postWPP  (791) pupae 3d postWPP  (495) pupae 4d postWPP  (495) adult male 01day  (453) adult male 05day  (596) adult male 30day  (621) adult female 01day  (2093) adult female 05day  (2392) adult female 30day  (2643) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (3552) embryo 02-04hr  (5075) embryo 04-06hr  (6640) embryo 06-08hr  (4913) embryo 08-10hr  (3332) embryo 10-12hr  (2429) embryo 12-14hr    1107 embryo 14-16hr    1358 embryo 16-18hr    890 embryo 18-20hr    786 embryo 20-22hr    555 embryo 22-24hr    476 larva L1  1450 larva L2    1329 larva L3 12hr old    965 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    835 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1013 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1041 white prepupae new    1016 white prepupae 12hr    965 white prepupae 24hr    1229 pupae 2d postWPP    791 pupae 3d postWPP    495 pupae 4d postWPP    495 adult male 01day    453 adult male 05day    596 adult male 30day    621 adult female 01day  (2093) adult female 05day  (2392) adult female 30day  (2643) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3552 embryo 02-04hr    5075 embryo 04-06hr    6640 embryo 06-08hr    4913 embryo 08-10hr    3332 embryo 10-12hr    2429 embryo 12-14hr    1107 embryo 14-16hr    1358 embryo 16-18hr    890 embryo 18-20hr    786 embryo 20-22hr    555 embryo 22-24hr    476 larva L1    1450 larva L2    1329 larva L3 12hr old    965 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    835 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1013 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1041 white prepupae new    1016 white prepupae 12hr    965 white prepupae 24hr    1229 pupae 2d postWPP    791 pupae 3d postWPP    495 pupae 4d postWPP    495 adult male 01day    453 adult male 05day    596 adult male 30day    621 adult female 01day    2093 adult female 05day    2392 adult female 30day    2643 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3552 embryo 02-04hr    5075 embryo 04-06hr    6640 embryo 06-08hr    4913 embryo 08-10hr    3332 embryo 10-12hr    2429 embryo 12-14hr    1107 embryo 14-16hr    1358 embryo 16-18hr    890 embryo 18-20hr    786 embryo 20-22hr    555 embryo 22-24hr    476 larva L1    1450 larva L2    1329 larva L3 12hr old    965 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    835 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1013 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1041 white prepupae new    1016 white prepupae 12hr    965 white prepupae 24hr    1229 pupae 2d postWPP    791 pupae 3d postWPP    495 pupae 4d postWPP    495 adult male 01day    453 adult male 05day    596 adult male 30day    621 adult female 01day    2093 adult female 05day    2392 adult female 30day    2643 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0003978 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3552 embryo 02-04hr    5075 embryo 04-06hr    6640 embryo 06-08hr    4913 embryo 08-10hr    3332 embryo 10-12hr    2429 embryo 12-14hr    1107 embryo 14-16hr    1358 embryo 16-18hr    890 embryo 18-20hr    786 embryo 20-22hr    555 embryo 22-24hr    476 larva L1    1450 larva L2    1329 larva L3 12hr old    965 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    835 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1013 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1041 white prepupae new    1016 white prepupae 12hr    965 white prepupae 24hr    1229 pupae 2d postWPP    791 pupae 3d postWPP    495 pupae 4d postWPP    495 adult male 01day    453 adult male 05day    596 adult male 30day    621 adult female 01day    2093 adult female 05day    2392 adult female 30day    2643 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (3552) embryo 02-04hr  (5075) embryo 04-06hr  (6640) embryo 06-08hr  (4913) embryo 08-10hr  (3332) embryo 10-12hr  (2429) embryo 12-14hr  (1107) embryo 14-16hr  (1358) embryo 16-18hr  (890) embryo 18-20hr  (786) embryo 20-22hr  (555) embryo 22-24hr  (476) larva L1  (1450) larva L2  (1329) larva L3 12hr old  (965) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (835) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1013) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (1041) white prepupae new  (1016) white prepupae 12hr  (965) white prepupae 24hr  (1229) pupae 2d postWPP  (791) pupae 3d postWPP  (495) pupae 4d postWPP  (495) adult male 01day  (453) adult male 05day  (596) adult male 30day  (621) adult female 01day  (2093) adult female 05day  (2392) adult female 30day  (2643) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (3552) embryo 02-04hr  (5075) embryo 04-06hr  (6640) embryo 06-08hr  (4913) embryo 08-10hr  (3332) embryo 10-12hr  2429 embryo 12-14hr    1107 embryo 14-16hr    1358 embryo 16-18hr    890 embryo 18-20hr    786 embryo 20-22hr    555 embryo 22-24hr    476 larva L1  1450 larva L2    1329 larva L3 12hr old    965 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    835 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1013 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1041 white prepupae new    1016 white prepupae 12hr    965 white prepupae 24hr    1229 pupae 2d postWPP    791 pupae 3d postWPP    495 pupae 4d postWPP    495 adult male 01day    453 adult male 05day    596 adult male 30day    621 adult female 01day  2093 adult female 05day  2392 adult female 30day  (2643) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3552 embryo 02-04hr    5075 embryo 04-06hr    6640 embryo 06-08hr    4913 embryo 08-10hr    3332 embryo 10-12hr    2429 embryo 12-14hr    1107 embryo 14-16hr    1358 embryo 16-18hr    890 embryo 18-20hr    786 embryo 20-22hr    555 embryo 22-24hr    476 larva L1    1450 larva L2    1329 larva L3 12hr old    965 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    835 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1013 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1041 white prepupae new    1016 white prepupae 12hr    965 white prepupae 24hr    1229 pupae 2d postWPP    791 pupae 3d postWPP    495 pupae 4d postWPP    495 adult male 01day    453 adult male 05day    596 adult male 30day    621 adult female 01day    2093 adult female 05day    2392 adult female 30day    2643 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3552 embryo 02-04hr    5075 embryo 04-06hr    6640 embryo 06-08hr    4913 embryo 08-10hr    3332 embryo 10-12hr    2429 embryo 12-14hr    1107 embryo 14-16hr    1358 embryo 16-18hr    890 embryo 18-20hr    786 embryo 20-22hr    555 embryo 22-24hr    476 larva L1    1450 larva L2    1329 larva L3 12hr old    965 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    835 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1013 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1041 white prepupae new    1016 white prepupae 12hr    965 white prepupae 24hr    1229 pupae 2d postWPP    791 pupae 3d postWPP    495 pupae 4d postWPP    495 adult male 01day    453 adult male 05day    596 adult male 30day    621 adult female 01day    2093 adult female 05day    2392 adult female 30day    2643 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0003978    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0003978 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system, larval trachea, adult ovary. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0003978 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    199.825 Larval Midgut    54 Larval Hindgut    71.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    59.1 Larval Fat Body    59.7 Larval Salivary Gland    92.9 Larval Trachea    136.85 Larval Carcass    88.575 Adult Head    47 Adult Eye    30.775 Adult Brain    84.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    90.3 Adult Crop    50.1 Adult Midgut    55.4 Adult Hindgut    46.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    48.2 Adult Fat Body    49.8 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    44.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    34.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    45 Adult Ovary    225.1 Adult Testis    71.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    70.9 Adult Carcass    47.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    199.825 Larval Midgut    54 Larval Hindgut    71.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    59.1 Larval Fat Body    59.7 Larval Salivary Gland    92.9 Larval Trachea    136.85 Larval Carcass    88.575 Adult Head    47 Adult Eye    30.775 Adult Brain    84.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    90.3 Adult Crop    50.1 Adult Midgut    55.4 Adult Hindgut    46.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    48.2 Adult Fat Body    49.8 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    44.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    34.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    45 Adult Ovary    225.1 Adult Testis    71.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    70.9 Adult Carcass    47.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    199.825 Larval Midgut    54 Larval Hindgut    71.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    59.1 Larval Fat Body    59.7 Larval Salivary Gland    92.9 Larval Trachea    136.85 Larval Carcass    88.575 Adult Head    47 Adult Eye    30.775 Adult Brain    84.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    90.3 Adult Crop    50.1 Adult Midgut    55.4 Adult Hindgut    46.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    48.2 Adult Fat Body    49.8 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    44.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    34.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    45 Adult Ovary    225.1 Adult Testis    71.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    70.9 Adult Carcass    47.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    199.825 Larval Midgut    54 Larval Hindgut    71.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    59.1 Larval Fat Body    59.7 Larval Salivary Gland    92.9 Larval Trachea    136.85 Larval Carcass    88.575 Adult Head    47 Adult Eye    30.775 Adult Brain    84.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    90.3 Adult Crop    50.1 Adult Midgut    55.4 Adult Hindgut    46.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    48.2 Adult Fat Body    49.8 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    44.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    34.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    45 Adult Ovary    225.1 Adult Testis    71.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    70.9 Adult Carcass    47.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0003978 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    199.825 Larval Midgut    54 Larval Hindgut    71.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    59.1 Larval Fat Body    59.7 Larval Salivary Gland    92.9 Larval Trachea    136.85 Larval Carcass    88.575 Adult Head    47 Adult Eye    30.775 Adult Brain    84.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    90.3 Adult Crop    50.1 Adult Midgut    55.4 Adult Hindgut    46.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    48.2 Adult Fat Body    49.8 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    44.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    34.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    45 Adult Ovary    225.1 Adult Testis    71.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    70.9 Adult Carcass    47.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    199.825 Larval Midgut    54 Larval Hindgut    71.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    59.1 Larval Fat Body    59.7 Larval Salivary Gland    92.9 Larval Trachea    136.85 Larval Carcass    88.575 Adult Head    47 Adult Eye    30.775 Adult Brain    84.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    90.3 Adult Crop    50.1 Adult Midgut    55.4 Adult Hindgut    46.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    48.2 Adult Fat Body    49.8 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    44.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    34.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    45 Adult Ovary    225.1 Adult Testis    71.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    70.9 Adult Carcass    47.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    199.825 Larval Midgut    54 Larval Hindgut    71.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    59.1 Larval Fat Body    59.7 Larval Salivary Gland    92.9 Larval Trachea    136.85 Larval Carcass    88.575 Adult Head    47 Adult Eye    30.775 Adult Brain    84.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    90.3 Adult Crop    50.1 Adult Midgut    55.4 Adult Hindgut    46.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    48.2 Adult Fat Body    49.8 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    44.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    34.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    45 Adult Ovary    225.1 Adult Testis    71.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    70.9 Adult Carcass    47.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    199.825 Larval Midgut    54 Larval Hindgut    71.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    59.1 Larval Fat Body    59.7 Larval Salivary Gland    92.9 Larval Trachea    136.85 Larval Carcass    88.575 Adult Head    47 Adult Eye    30.775 Adult Brain    84.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    90.3 Adult Crop    50.1 Adult Midgut    55.4 Adult Hindgut    46.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    48.2 Adult Fat Body    49.8 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    44.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    34.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    45 Adult Ovary    225.1 Adult Testis    71.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    70.9 Adult Carcass    47.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    47   NA  Eye    30.775   NA  Brain    84.2   199.825  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    90.3   NA  Crop    50.1   54  Midgut    55.4   71.8  Hindgut    46.7   59.1  Malpighian Tubules    48.2   59.7  Fat Body    49.8   92.9  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    44.2   136.85  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    34.8   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    45   NA  Ovary    225.1   NA  Testis    71.5   NA  Male Accessory Gland    70.9   88.575  Carcass    47.3 modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_13
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003978 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG10728-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for vls Stages(s) 1-3 Stages(s) 4-6 Stages(s) 7-8 Stages(s) 9-10 Stages(s) 11-12 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal vls2 lethal | embryonic stage | germline clone | non-rescuable maternal effect | recessive vls2L-296-38 lethal | embryonic stage | maternal effect | recessive vls1 vls2 vls3 vls4 vlsunspecified lethal | maternal effect | recessive vls2 semi-lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 vlsGD12604 viable vls2L-296-38 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 vlsGD16396 Sterility Allele female sterile | recessive vls1 vls2 vls3 vls4 grandchildless | recessive vls1 vls2 vls3 vls4 male sterile | maternal effect vls1 vls2 Phenotype manifest in Allele abdominal segment vls2 egg | maternal effect vlsunspecified embryo | germline clone | maternal effect | posterior vls2L-296-38 embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | maternal effect vls1 vls2 vls3 vls4 embryonic abdominal segment 1 | maternal effect vlsunspecified embryonic abdominal segment 2 | maternal effect vlsunspecified embryonic abdominal segment 3 | maternal effect vlsunspecified embryonic abdominal segment 4 | maternal effect vlsunspecified embryonic abdominal segment 5 | maternal effect vlsunspecified embryonic abdominal segment 6 | maternal effect vlsunspecified embryonic abdominal segment 7 | maternal effect vlsunspecified embryonic abdominal segment 8 | maternal effect vlsunspecified embryonic abdominal segment 9 | maternal effect vlsunspecified embryonic abdominal segment 10 | maternal effect vlsunspecified embryonic abdominal segment 11 | maternal effect vlsunspecified embryonic abdominal segment | maternal effect vls1 vls2 vls3 vls4 gamete vls3 karyosome vls1 pole cell vls2 pole cell | maternal effect vls1 vls2 vls3 vls4 vlsunspecified pole granule | maternal effect vls1 vls2 vls3 vls4 pole plasm | maternal effect vlsunspecified stage 5 embryo | maternal effect vls1 vls2 vls3 vls4
Classical Alleles ( 7 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of vls Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion vls1 ethyl methanesulfonate 3 Yes vls2 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes vlsKG07534 1 -- vls2L-296-38 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- vls3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes vls4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes vlsunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of vls Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion vlsGD12604 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes vlsGD16396 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes vlsKK107220 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes vls+t2.04 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes vls+tMa in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes vlsT:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes vlsT:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(2L)be408 (Butler et al., 2001, Cavey et al., 2005) Df(2L)Exel7077 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(2L)pr2b (Butler et al., 2001) Df(2L)pr40 (Butler et al., 2001) Df(2L)pr49 (Butler et al., 2001) Df(2L)pr8311 (Butler et al., 2001) Df(2L)pr9201 (Butler et al., 2001) Df(2L)pr9202 (Butler et al., 2001) Df(2L)pr9204 (Butler et al., 2001) Df(2L)pr11163 (Butler et al., 2001) Df(2L)pr-A16 (Butler et al., 2001) Df(2L)pr-A20 (Butler et al., 2001) Df(2L)pr-M1 (Butler et al., 2001) Df(2L)TW2 (Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1986, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1989, Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1991) Df(2L)TW9 (Butler et al., 2001) Df(2L)TW65 (Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1989, Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1991) Df(2L)TW84 (Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1986, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987) Df(2L)TW150 (Butler et al., 2001) Df(2L)TW161 (Butler et al., 2001, Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1989, Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1991)
Not disrupted in	Df(2L)DS6 (Butler et al., 2001) Df(2L)pr1 (Butler et al., 2001) Df(2L)pr7 (Butler et al., 2001) Df(2L)pr1123 (Butler et al., 2001) Df(2L)pr9133 (Butler et al., 2001) Df(2L)pr11164 (Butler et al., 2001) Df(2L)Sd37 (Butler et al., 2001) Df(2L)TW50 (Butler et al., 2001, Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1986)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD12604} NA P{GD16396} NA P{KK107220} NA characterization construct P{vls+t2.04} NA P{vlsT:Ivir\HA1} NA P{vls-GFP} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions P{SUPor-P}vlsKG07534 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 7 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 6 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
cellularization inferred from mutant phenotype (Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1989) embryonic pattern specification inferred from mutant phenotype (assigned by UniProtKB) (Cavey et al., 2005) pole plasm assembly inferred from mutant phenotype (Raff et al., 1990) inferred from mutant phenotype (assigned by UniProtKB) (Cavey et al., 2005)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasm inferred from direct assay (assigned by UniProtKB) (Cavey et al., 2005) P granule inferred from direct assay (Anne and Mechler, 2005) pole plasm inferred from direct assay (Anne and Mechler, 2005)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 2 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
mitosis non-traceable author statement (Anne and Mechler, 2003) pole plasm assembly non-traceable author statement (Williamson and Lehmann, 1996, Anne and Mechler, 2003, Mahowald, 2001) traceable author statement (Wylie, 1999)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions vls allele Gene References vls2 nos (Wang and Lehmann, 1991) vls3 nos (Wang and Lehmann, 1991) unspecified osk (Anne and Mechler, 2005)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 61260 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003978 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 35289
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF15459 Dere\GG21593 Dgri\GH13242 Dmoj\GI12539 Dper\GL26675 Dpse\GA10527 Dsec\GM16967 Dvir\GJ17892 Dwil\GK18685 Dyak\GE12612
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dpse\GA10527
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL007554-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP009782-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_001120457.1 Apis mellifera (honey bee) CPIJ010038 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSECAP00000016448 Equus caballus (horse) ENSP00000235090 Homo sapiens (human) ENSMODP00000001649 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) XP_001599571.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000003199 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) PHUM006153-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) ENSRNOP00000022571 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB17590 NV17902 LH15154 ISCW002880 FBgn0230341 FBgn0220683 FBgn0205060 FBgn0171880 JGI_V11_303116 FBgn0070584 FBgn0164256 FBgn0135296 FBgn0120719 FBgn0113771 FBgn0092484 CPIJ010038 BGIBMGA006887 GB14304 AGAP009782 AAEL007554 PHUM022330 GLEAN_05673
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 9 )
Bloomington	982 vls1 cn1 bw1/CyO 7446 vls2 cn1 bw1/CyO 14539 y1 w67c23; P{SUPor-P}vlsKG07534
Kyoto	106154 vls1 cn1 bw1/CyO 107507 vls1 cn1 bw1/CyO, l(2)DTS5131
VDRC	v108723 P{KK107220}VIE-260B v40669 w1118 P{GD12604}v40669 v40670 w1118 P{GD12604}v40670 v50141 w1118; P{GD16396}v50141
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR10H13 BACR22E16 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 61 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	AT09449 GM04727
Other clones	FI04117
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT09402 GM16156 RE04384 RE04778 RE10542 SD20957
Other clones	59895 154254 164453 CK01.32B.H8 EK168441 EK258414 EK269021 EN02964 EN10027 RM07461 RM07561 RM07761 RM07961 RM08061 RM08161 RP001000317 RP001003124 RP001004706 RP001005185 RP001006830 RP001008805 RP001009217 RP001010523 RP001014687 RP001014867 RP001015571 RP001019654 RP001023913 RP001024393 RP001027870 RP001029776 RP001030071 RP001031302 RP001032051 RP001033084 RP001033218 RP001034714 RP001038334 RP001038760 RP001040083 RP001044129 RP001044772 RP001045049 RP001048273 RP001051434 RP001053142 RP001053333 RP001053813 RP001054094 RP001055930 RP001056186 RP001056588
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003978 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 35289
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: vls CG10728 (Cavey et al., 2005)
Additional comments	"lok" may be allelic to "vls". (Oishi et al., 1998)
Other Comments
	Distribution of tud protein in mutant embryos has been studied. (Bardsley et al., 1993) Only vas and tud are essential for osk-induced pole cell and abdomen formation, vls is not. (Ephrussi and Lehmann, 1992) vas, vls and tud (but not stau, capu, or spir) are necessary for the 6xosk mutant phenotypes. (Smith et al., 1992) vls is not required for the nurse cell synthesis of the posterior signal. (Lehmann and Nusslein-Volhard, 1991) Mutations in maternal posterior class gene vls do not interact with RpII140wimp. (Parkhurst and Ish-Horowicz, 1991) Mature follicles are immunologically stained for asymmetric distribution of ecdysteroid-related antigen. During late oogenesis localisation of the antigen changes dramatically suggesting the antigen plays a role in early embryogenesis and, perhaps, in pattern formation. (Grau and Gutzeit, 1990) In vls mutant females the vas protein is localized to the posterior pole of oocytes, this localization is lost following egg activation. There is a low level of vas distributed throughout the embryo. (Hay et al., 1990) vls plays a role in polar granule formation. (Raff et al., 1990) Mutations in vls result in a maternal effect phenotype with defects during cellularisation of the blastoderm and a "grandchildless knirps-like" phenotype. (Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1989) Mutations in vls cause failure of germ cell formation and deletions in the abdominal segments of the embryo. (Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1986)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_136175 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_610019 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA695893 AAF53868 AAL28443 AAM11000 AC004364 AW941231 AY060895 AY094647 BF495793 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 35289 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q9VIP8
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain (IPR015943) WD40-repeat-containing domain (IPR017986) WD40 repeat (IPR001680) WD40 repeat-like-containing domain (IPR011046) WD40 repeat, conserved site (IPR019775) WD40 repeat 2 (IPR019782)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 61260 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0003978 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0003978 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0003978 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG10728-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0003978 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 35289 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL007554-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP009782-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_001120457.1 Apis mellifera (honey bee) CPIJ010038 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSECAP00000016448 Equus caballus (horse) ENSP00000235090 Homo sapiens (human) ENSMODP00000001649 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) XP_001599571.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000003199 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) PHUM006153-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) ENSRNOP00000022571 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /torstoll/valois1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 35289 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0003978 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB17590 NV17902 LH15154 ISCW002880 FBgn0230341 FBgn0220683 FBgn0205060 FBgn0171880 JGI_V11_303116 FBgn0070584 FBgn0164256 FBgn0135296 FBgn0120719 FBgn0113771 FBgn0092484 CPIJ010038 BGIBMGA006887 GB14304 AGAP009782 AAEL007554 PHUM022330 GLEAN_05673
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 7 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	38B.5 (McGill Drosophila Genome Project, 2001.9.25, Butler, 2001, Butler et al., 2001) CG10728 (Anne and Mechler, 2005, Cavey et al., 2005, Masrouha et al., 2003, Herr and Harris, 2004, Giot et al., 2003, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5) CG107278 (Staeva-Vieira et al., 2003) val (Baksa and Steward, 1995, Jongens et al., 1992, Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1989, Lehmann, 1988, Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1986) vls (Anne et al., 2007, Wang et al., 1994, Anne, 2010, Yassin et al., 2010, Anne, 2010)
Name Synonym	Valois (Anne and Mechler, 2005, Anne et al., 2007, Seydoux and Braun, 2006, Nie et al., 2009, Kirino et al., 2010, Anne, 2010) valois (Gonsalvez et al., 2006, Anne and Mechler, 2008, Olivieri et al., 2010)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0032841
References ( 102 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 102 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 52 ) Supplementary material  ( 6 ) Review  ( 26 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 4 ) Abstract  ( 7 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) Stock list  ( 1 ) Computer file  ( 2 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 5 )
	Anne, 2010, Development 137(17): 2819--2828 Arginine methylation of SmB is required for Drosophila germ cell development. [FBrf0211523] Anne, 2010, PLoS ONE 5(12): e14362 Targeting and anchoring tudor in the pole plasm of the Drosophila oocyte. [FBrf0212588] Kirino et al., 2010, J. Biol. Chem. 285(11): 8148--8154 Arginine Methylation of Vasa Protein Is Conserved across Phyla. [FBrf0210172] Olivieri et al., 2010, EMBO J. 29(19): 3301--3317 An in vivo RNAi assay identifies major genetic and cellular requirements for primary piRNA biogenesis in Drosophila. [FBrf0212004] Yassin et al., 2010, Evol. Dev. 12(3): 288--295 Catching the phylogenic history through the ontogenic hourglass: a phylogenomic analysis of Drosophila body segmentation genes. [FBrf0211054] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews ( 1 )
	Arkov and Ramos, 2010, Trends Cell Biol. 20(8): 482--490 Building RNA-protein granules: insight from the germline. [FBrf0212430] Show all reviews ...