FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Vm26Aa

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Vm26Aa

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Vitelline membrane 26Aa

Annotation Symbol

CG9048

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0003979

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

7 publicly available

Gene Summary

Major early eggshell protein. (UniProt, P11449)

Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.

All Summaries

Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

sV17, VM26A.1, Vm26A1

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

26A3-26A3

Sequence location

2L:5,959,596..5,960,340 [-]

Recombination map

2-18

RefSeq locus

NT_033779 REGION:5959596..5960340

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (3 terms)

Molecular Function (0 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Biological Process (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in oogenesis

inferred from high throughput mutant phenotype

(Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1991)

involved_in vitelline membrane formation involved in chorion-containing eggshell formation

inferred from expression pattern

(Burke et al., 1987)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Cellular Component (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in vitelline envelope

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:P13238

(Wu et al., 2010)

inferred from direct assay

(Elalayli et al., 2008)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

VITELLINE MEMBRANE PROTEINS

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the vitelline membrane protein family. (P11449)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Vitelline membrane cysteine-rich domain

Summaries

Gene Group (FlyBase)

VITELLINE MEMBRANE PROTEINS -: Vitelline membrane proteins encode structural components of the outer layer of the eggshell. They are characterized by a proline-rich domain and are synthesized during the early stages of eggshell formation. (Adapted from FBrf0205662 and FBrf0209278.)

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Major early eggshell protein.

(UniProt, P11449)

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Vm26Aa for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry P11449)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

Vm26Aa-RA

FBtr0079239

NM_057435

641

141

Vm26Aa-RB

FBtr0333232

NM_001273186

745

141

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

0.7 (northern blot)

(Popodi et al., 1988)

0.7-0.8 (northern blot)

(Burke et al., 1987)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

Vm26Aa-PA

FBpp0078869

14.3

141

7.89

FBpp0305434

14.3

141

7.89

P11449

NP_001260115

AGB92651

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

141 aa isoforms: Vm26Aa-PA, Vm26Aa-PB

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

141 (aa); 14.4 (kD predicted)

(Scherer et al., 1993)

141 (aa); 17 (kD observed); 14.322 (kD predicted)

(Burke et al., 1987)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Vitelline membrane cysteine-rich domain

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Vm26Aa using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Vm26Aa_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.40

Transcript Expression

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage & oogenesis

follicle cell

(Popodi et al., 1988)

adult stage oogenesis stage S8 -- S10

oocyte

(Burke et al., 1987)

oogenesis stage S8 -- S10

(Mindrinos et al., 1985)

oogenesis stage S8 -- S11

(Popodi et al., 1988, Burke et al., 1987)

Additional Descriptive Data

Vm26Aa is first detected in stage S8-S9 egg chambers, and persists until stage S11. Expression is follicle cell-specific.

(Popodi et al., 1988)

Vm26Aa is expressed during stages S8 to S11 of oogenesis. Levels decline precipitously by stage S12. Vm26Aa localizes to the follicle cells of stage S8, S9 and S10 egg chambers.

(Burke et al., 1987)

In a developmental Northern blot, Vm26Aa was detected in stages S8 through S10 of oogenesis.

(Mindrinos et al., 1985)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

western blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

vitelline membrane

(Pascucci et al., 1996)

oogenesis stage S10 -- S14 & adult stage | female

organism

(Pascucci et al., 1996)

Additional Descriptive Data

The mobility of the Vm26Aa protein on Western blots increases during oogenesis. The Vm26Aa protein localizes to the vitelline membrane in stage S10-S14 egg chambers, with levels dramatically reduced in late stage egg chambers.

(Pascucci et al., 1996)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in vitelline envelope

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:P13238

(Wu et al., 2010)

inferred from direct assay

(Elalayli et al., 2008)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{Vm26Aa-F-GAL4}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

oogenesis stage S10 -- S13 & adult stage | female

follicle cell

(Peters et al., 2013)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Vm26Aa in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Vm26Aa

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Vm26Aa

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0003979

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

33829/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0003979

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0003979

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0003979

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0003979

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 2 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 6 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Vm26Aa

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Vm26Aa

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 2 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(2L)cl7

(Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1991)

Df(2L)Exel7024

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Inferred from location ( 14 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Vm26Aa^GD5256

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal flight, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Vm26Aa^GD5256

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (0)

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (0)

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Vm26Aa. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (5)

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Vml

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:

Off

Show/hide secondary interactors
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)

Select Layout:

Force Directed

Circle

Concentric

Legend:

Protein

RNA

Selected Interactor(s)

Other Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

Vm26Aa - Vm26Ab

affinity chromatography technology, western blot

(Wu et al., 2010)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Other Interaction Browsers

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

59994

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0003979

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

2-18

Cytogenetic map

26A3-26A3

Sequence location

2L:5,959,596..5,960,340 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

26A3-26A3

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}bchs^EP2299&P{EP}Gpdh^EP466 and P{lacW}chic^k13321

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

26A-26A

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Scherer et al., 1993, Whiting et al., 1989, Popodi et al., 1988, Mindrinos et al., 1985)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-18

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-19.2

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (7)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

65162

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMC05925}attP40

NIG-Fly

9048R-1

P{NIG.9048R}1

M2L-0083

y¹ w¹¹¹⁸; Vm26Aa^SK1 P{neoFRT}40A/CyO-Tb

M2L-0084

y¹ w¹¹¹⁸; Vm26Aa^SK6 P{neoFRT}40A/CyO-Tb

2LG-0063

y² VhaAC39-1^cho-1 v¹; P{U6-Vm26Aa.NIG.sgRNA}attP40/CyO

VDRC

v101812

P{KK109744}VIE-260B

v13235

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD5256}v13235

Genomic Clones (13)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (62)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0003979

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0003979

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

Polyclonal antibodies have been used to localise Vm26Aa, Vm26Ab, Cp18 and Cp36 in the assembly and mature eggshell.

(Pascucci et al., 1996)

A developmental control element capable of promoting the basic vitelline membrane expression pattern maps within a 176bp section of the 5' flanking region, but additional elements are required to modify the level and pattern of expression.

(Jin and Petri, 1993)

Vm26Aa is sequenced and the sequence compared with that of Vm34Ca, which has a very similar expression pattern, to identify common sequence elements in upstream regions known to be important for the control of gene expression.

(Scherer et al., 1993)

The Vm26Aa, Vm26Ab, Vm32E, Vm34Ca genes make up a multigene family that includes at least these four members.

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

The Vm26Aa, Vm26Ab, Vm32E, Vm34Ca genes are responsible for encoding the major proteins of the first layer of the Drosophila eggshell, the vitelline membrane.

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

Mutations at the Vm26Aa locus cause defects in midoogenesis.

(Schupbach and Wieschaus, 1991)

Vm26Aa, Vm26Ab, Vm32E, Vm34Ca encode translation products with the high proline and alanine content characteristic of vitelline membrane proteins.

(Gigliotti et al., 1989, Mindrinos et al., 1985)

In situ hybridisation of recombinant DNA probes to polytene chromosomes of D.melanogaster and D.virilis is performed to study homologies between the chromosomal Muller elements of the two species.

(Whiting et al., 1989)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG9048

(National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Fakhouri et al., 2006)

TU-2

(Popodi et al., 1988)

VM26A.1

(Cavaliere et al., 2008, Andrenacci et al., 2001, Rounds and Petri, 1997, Scherer, 1993.11.18, Scherer et al., 1993)

VM26Aa

(Wu et al., 2010, Fakhouri et al., 2006)

Vm26A

(Lin et al., 1993)

Vm26A.1

(Richardson Rounds and Petri, 1996)

Vm26A1

(Maroni, 1994, Jin and Petri, 1993)

Vm26Aa

(Li et al., 2024, Miao et al., 2024, Eickelberg et al., 2022, Gupta et al., 2022, National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Ekhteraei-Tousi et al., 2020, Peters et al., 2013, Short and Lazzaro, 2013, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Baker and Russell, 2009, Zhang et al., 2009, Jagadeeshan and Singh, 2007, Lai et al., 2007, Reiter et al., 2007, Alatortsev, 2006)

sV17

(Zappia et al., 2011, Wu et al., 2010, Elalayli et al., 2008, Fakhouri et al., 2006, LeMosy et al., 2006, Schlichting et al., 2006, Manogaran and Waring, 2004, Manogaran et al., 2003, Trougakos et al., 2001, Pascucci et al., 1996, Pascucci et al., 1996)

Name Synonyms

Vitelline membrane 26Aa

(McGraw et al., 2008)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 36 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

33829

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

P11449

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

P11449

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

M9PCA1

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

P11449

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0003979

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

33829/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0003979

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0003979

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0003979

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Vitelline membrane cysteine-rich domain

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG9048

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

33829

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

59994

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0003979

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0003979

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0003979

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Vm26Aa_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0003979

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0003979

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0003979

References (68)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-0.40

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