• Home
• Tools
  • Tools Overview
  • Query Tools

    
    • QuickSearch
    • QueryBuilder
    • TermLink
    • CytoSearch
    • Interactions Browser
    • ImageBrowse
    • Find A Person
    • Google™ FlyBase
  • Genomic/Map Tools

    
    • BLAST
    • GBrowse
    • CytoSearch
    • Aberrations Maps
    • Chromosome Maps
    • Coordinates Converter
  • Retrieve/Convert

    
    • Batch Download
    • Coordinates Converter
    • ID Converter
  • Data Submission

    
    • Fast-Track Your Paper
    • Submit Personal Comm
    • Add A New Person
    • Update Person Info
  • People

    
    • Find A Person
    • Add A New Person
    • Update Person Info
• Files
  • Files Overview
  • Downloads:
  • Precomputed files
  • Archived data
  • Releases (FTP)
  • Genomes (FTP)
  • AAA data (FTP)
  • Lists:
  • Transposons (Dmel)
  • Transposons (other)
  • Vectors & Constructs
  • Anatomical Terms
  • Map Conversion
• Species
  • Phylogeny
  • Sequenced Species
  • Synteny Table
  • Color Illustrations
  • Abbreviations
• Documents
  • About FlyBase
  • Reference Manual:
  • Sections
  • Contents
  • Nomenclature
  • Release Notes
• Resources
  • All Resources
  • Model Organisms
  • Stock Collections
  • Other links:
  • BDGP
  • DGRC
  • FlyExpress
  • Interactive Fly
  • modENCODE
  • Textpresso for Fly
• News
  • News
  • FlyBase Forum
  • FlyBase Positions
  • Meetings
  • Courses
  • Fly Board
  • White papers
  • Funding
  • bionet.dros
• Help
  • Google™ FlyBase
  • Site Map
  • FAQs
  • FlyBase Guides
  • Video Tutorials
  • Report help
  • New to Flies
  • Pers. comm.
  • Author guidelines
  • Contact FlyBase
• Archives
  • Prior Release
  • Other Archives
  • Coordinate Converter

Gene Dmel\Nrt

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Nrt	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Neurotactin	Annotation symbol	CG9704
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0004108
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	14 publicly available
Also Known As	dab, BP106, Neur
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3L	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	73C3-73C4	Sequence location	3L:16,759,174..16,770,565 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Neurotactin is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Nrt (CG9704, FBgn0004108). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Its molecular function is unknown. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: central nervous system development; axon guidance; axonal fasciculation; axonogenesis. 38 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: commissure; ventral nerve cord; presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system; ocellar nerve. It has 3 annotated transcripts and 3 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Carboxylesterase type B, conserved site; Carboxylesterase, type B. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-18 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult brain. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1623966_s_at completely aligns to an exonic region common to each of the 2 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of Nrt. Gene sequence location is 3L:16759174..16770565.
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	Nrt: Neurotactin (J.C. Hall) Three monoclonal antibodies selected because of binding to presumptive imaginal neurons within the larval central nervous system (CNS) (de la Escalera et al., 1990) and an additional one found by virtue of binding to neuronal surfaces in embryos (Hortsch et al., 1990) detected the same ca. 135 kd protein on Western blots of homogenates from embryos, late larva, and pupae. The membrane-bound material is called neurotacin (NRT) because of its expression at points of interneuronal cell contact. Antibody staining (de la Escalera et al., 1990, Hortsch et al., 1990) shows concentration of the protein in dorsal and ventral portions of embryonic blastoderm (where staining appears cell surface-limited), all over gastrulating embryos (although Hortsch et al., 1990, imply a somewhat more restricted expression pattern), in the "proliferating" CNS (including neuroblasts and their progeny) of stage 10-11 embryos, and in regions of contact between neuroblasts. In visceral mesoderm (stage 13), non-neuronal expression diminishes, although it is seen on fat body cells and the "dorsal vessel"; intense staining continues in embryonic CNS (but is relatively weak in axons of motor neurons); PNS expression is evident as well (seemingly restricted to sensory cells that send out multiple dendritic projections, and, in fact, PNS cell-body signals are weaker than on dendrites); cell-surface expression apparent in the various expressing tissues during mid-embryogenesis; in early L1, NRT signals decay but reappear in CNS (in optic formation centers and in neuron clusters and associated axons in ventral cord); the protein's expression persists in imaginal neurons through mid-pupal stage, wanes as such cells complete maturation, and is undetectable in adults. L3 imaginal discs are NRT positive (e.g. on developing chordotonal neurons of leg discs and in developing photoreceptor cells plus their axons, posterior to the morphogenetic furrow). Cell culture studies, including electron-microscope observations (Barthalay et al., 1990), suggest further that NRT is a "contact molecule" between neurons or epithelial cells; there is uniform expression along intercellular contact areas; non-adhesive Schneider-2 cells, transfected with Nrt cDNA, do not become self adhesive, but these cells bind to a subpopulation of embryonic cells.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2011_10
FB2012_01	Sequence features BKN45530 BKN26657 HFA11237
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 73C3-73C4   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}Baldspot02281 and P{PZ}blot01658
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 73C1-73C2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (de la Escalera et al., 1990) 73C1-73C2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Hortsch et al., 1990)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Nrt for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Nrt-RA FBtr0075323  NM_168682   3175   846 Nrt-RB FBtr0075322  NM_057450   4156   846 Nrt-RC FBtr0304018  NM_001202192   3521   846
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	4.25, 3.65, 3.2 (northern blot) (Hortsch et al., 1990) 4.7, 3.7, 3.4 (northern blot) (de la Escalera et al., 1990)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Nrt-PA   FBpp0075082   92.8   846   4.94     NP_730196   AAF49416 Nrt-PB   FBpp0075081   92.8   846   4.94     NP_476798   AAF49417 Nrt-PC   FBpp0292987   92.8   846   4.94     NP_001189121   ADV37557
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	846 (aa); 135 (kD observed); 93 (kD predicted) (Hortsch et al., 1990, de la Escalera et al., 1990)
Comments	The region of the Nrt protein extracellular domain sufficient for cell adhesion was mapped to between His347 on the border of the transmembrane domain and His482. A three dimensional model of the Nrt protein extracellular domain was made based on the structure of Torpedo acetylcholinesterase (AChE) which suggests that it consists of two sub-domains organized around a gorge. The 3D structure of the N-terminal domain is almost identical to that of Torpedo AChE. Chimeric molecules in which the cholinesterase-like domain of Nrt protein was replaced by homologous domains from either Ace, Torpedo AChE, or Glt have similar adhesive properties to Nrt. This may depend on the cytoplasmic domain of Nrt since Ace by itself does not show adhesive properties when transfected into S2 cells. (Darboux et al., 1996) Nrt protein is phosphorylated in intact embryonic cells. It was shown to mediate heterophilic cell-cell recognition between transfected S2 cells and embryonic cells. (Barthalay et al., 1990) Nrt protein is inserted in the membrane with the N-terminus localized in the cytoplasm and the C-terminus extracellularly. (de la Escalera et al., 1990) The extracellular domain at the C-terminal end of Nrt protein shows a strong structural and sequence homology to serine esterases without retaining the sequence of the active center. Nrt protein is glycoslyated. (Hortsch et al., 1990)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Carboxylesterase, type B (IPR002018) Carboxylesterase type B, conserved site (IPR019819)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA441209   AA541151   AA735191   AA817019   AE014296 AAF49416   AE014296 AAF49417   AC006933   AE014296 ADV37557   AF132188 AAD34776   AI455228   AI516818   AI518242   BI162733   BI164266   BI165596   BI168558   BI171501   BI173040   BI173895   BI213738   BI230510   BI230854   BI230907   BI234651   BI236085   BI236735   BI239037   BI242019   BI242205   BI356167   BI356860   BI361443   BI362035   BI362795   BI364891   BI365223   BI366381   BI367941   BI368040   BI370256   BI370649   BI375518   BI483456   BI484130   BI484464   BI484688   BI484754   BI486088   BI577489   BI580926   BP557857   BT011066   CL705885   CO153857   CO177108   CO177409   CO179355   CO188051   CO191025   CO262550   CO262682   CO263935   CO264716   CO265973   CO266184   CO270443   CO270576   CO270739   CO270777   CO272008   CO272413   CO273680   CO278435   CO279822   CO279989   CO280070   CO281192   CO281376   CO285874   CO285877   CO290372   CO293390   CO295452   CO297233   CO297361   CO297851   CO299024   CO299115   CO299586   CO300343   CO300825   CO302292   CO304979   CO306776   CO306787   CO307483   CO308432   CO309134   CO309767   CO310865   CO315593   CO315820   CO316564   CO320135   CO322870   CO323451   CO325147   CO325357   CO325896   CO340404   CO340652   CO341051   CZ469417   CZ471159   CZ471160   CZ480648   CZ485077   CZ485078   CZ487198   CZ487199   DN153851   DN154069   DN154096   EC057143   EC058985   EC059520   EC059819   EC060804   EC060823   EC061536   EC062675   EC064195   EC064561   EC066125   EC071646   EC073409   EC075944   EC077210   EC078492   EC079171   EC083796   EC084437   EC086264   EC086765   EC087608   EC088779   EC088789   EC089978   EC196996   EC197088   EC199258   EC199295   EC200080   EC203258   EC208048   EC208646   EC210032   EC211019   EC211314   EC213205   EC217872   EC218766   EC219786   EC220194   EC220974   EC221059   EC223907   EC224117   EC224716   EC226170   EC226746   EC226774   EC226785   EC230083   EC230805   EC241081   EC241805   EC244338   EC245116   EC246054   EC246415   EC248288   EC249215   EC249571   EC253028   EC253376   EC258165   EC262745   EL873023   EV579315   EV581327   FF579233   GH941800   GH943630   GH943686   GH944073   GH948479   GH948577   GH948844   GH950785   GH951337   GH951487   GH954061   GH954068   GH957070   GH959602   GH959739   GH960308   GH960831   GH961021   GH961957   GH962403   GH963410   GH963438   GH967037   GH969141   GH972191   GH973224   GH974657   GH978707   GH979425   GH979866   GH980749   GH982480   GH982534   GH982587   GH983706   GH984164   GH984471   X53837 CAA37831   X54999 CAA38746
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P23654
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage     (de la Escalera et al., 1990) in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   fat body primordium   (Hortsch et al., 1990) presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system | restricted   (Hortsch et al., 1990) embryonic stage 5   organism | 40-90% egg length & dorsal   (Hortsch et al., 1990) Comment:45-85% egg length organism | 10-90% egg length & ventral   (Hortsch et al., 1990) embryonic stage 9 -- 17   presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system | presumptive   (Hortsch et al., 1990) presumptive embryonic/larval nervous system   (Hortsch et al., 1990) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | early     (Hortsch et al., 1990) embryonic stage & pupal stage     (de la Escalera et al., 1990) embryonic stage & pupal stage & adult stage     (de la Escalera et al., 1990) embryonic stage & adult stage     (Hortsch et al., 1990) third instar larval stage     (de la Escalera et al., 1990)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system | restricted   (Speicher et al., 1998) neuron   • axon (Speicher et al., 1998) pupal stage   sensory neuron of wing   (Speicher et al., 1998) neuron of ocellus   (Speicher et al., 1998) immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   multidendritic neuron   (Speicher et al., 1998) dorsal vessel primordium   (Hortsch et al., 1990) presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system | restricted   (Hortsch et al., 1990) cephalic furrow   (Hortsch et al., 1990) ventral furrow   (Hortsch et al., 1990) dorsal fold   (Hortsch et al., 1990) cell body   (Speicher et al., 1998) fat body primordium   (Hortsch et al., 1990) embryonic cycle 13     • Golgi apparatus (Lecuit et al., 2002) embryonic stage 5   organism | 10-90% egg length & ventral   (Hortsch et al., 1990) organism | 40-90% egg length & dorsal   (Hortsch et al., 1990) Comment:45-85% egg length somatic cell   • plasma membrane (Wodarz et al., 2000) embryonic stage 6 -- 8   somatic cell   • basolateral plasma membrane (Wodarz et al., 2000) embryonic stage 7   anterior midgut primordium   (de la Escalera et al., 1990) embryonic cycle 14     • plasma membrane | apical & lateral (Lecuit et al., 2002) embryonic stage 9 -- 17   presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system | presumptive   (Hortsch et al., 1990) presumptive embryonic/larval nervous system   (Hortsch et al., 1990) embryonic stage 12 -- 16   presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system   (Speicher et al., 1998) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   supraesophageal ganglion   (de la Escalera et al., 1990) larval stage   neuropil | ventro-lateral of ventral nerve cord | restricted   (Truman et al., 2004) third instar larval stage   embryonic/larval central nervous system   (Hortsch et al., 1990) ventral thoracic disc   (Hortsch et al., 1990) eye-antennal disc   (Hortsch et al., 1990) photoreceptor cell   • axon (Hortsch et al., 1990) neuroblast   (Hortsch et al., 1990) photoreceptor cell   (Hortsch et al., 1990) pupal stage   photoreceptor cell   (Speicher et al., 1998) western blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   dorsal vessel primordium   (de la Escalera et al., 1990) amnioserosa   (de la Escalera et al., 1990) embryonic stage -- adult stage     (de la Escalera et al., 1990) embryonic stage 5 -- 7   posterior transverse furrow   (de la Escalera et al., 1990) anterior transverse furrow   (de la Escalera et al., 1990) embryonic stage 5 -- 10   mesoderm   (de la Escalera et al., 1990) embryonic stage 10 -- 17   presumptive embryonic/larval nervous system   (de la Escalera et al., 1990) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   visceral mesoderm   (de la Escalera et al., 1990) embryonic stage 13 -- 17   presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system | restricted   (de la Escalera et al., 1990) embryonic stage 16   ventral nerve cord commissure   (de la Escalera et al., 1990) larval stage   ventral nerve cord   (de la Escalera et al., 1990) embryonic/larval optic lobe   (de la Escalera et al., 1990) third instar larval stage   wing disc | restricted   (de la Escalera et al., 1990) photoreceptor cell   (de la Escalera et al., 1990) eye-antennal disc | restricted   (de la Escalera et al., 1990)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Nrt protein was experimentally shown to be a transmembrane protein. It is expressed preferentially at the junctions between cells. (de la Escalera et al., 1990, Barthalay et al., 1990) Protein is first observed in the golgi basal to the nuclei in embryonic cycle 13. At cellularization the protein becomes concentrated at the apical invaginating membrane and later is detected in the lateral membrane. (Hortsch et al., 1990, Lecuit et al., 2002) Nrt protein accumulates in the membranes of neurons and their progeny. Extensive protein accumulation is observed in the CNS between embryonic stages 12 and 16. Analysis of serial sections shows strong accumulation of Nrt protein in growing axon tracts but not in motor axons exiting the CNS. Some heterogeneity in the distribution in the cell cortex is seen. It is unclear if Nrt protein accumulates in the growth cones because of the widespread accumulation in cell bodies. In the embryonic PNS, Nrt protein is detected only in the polyinnervated sensory organs. In the pupal PNS, it is expressed by ocellar pioneer neurons but not by the neurons of neighboring bristles. It is also expressed by photoreceptors and some sensory neur ns in the wing. (Speicher et al., 1998) Nrt protein is firstdetected at the cellular blastoderm stage in a domain extending from10-90% egg length ventrally and from 45-85% egg length dorsally. Atgastrulation, high levels are seen on the cells of the ventral furrow,dorsal folds, and the cephalic furrow. At the beginning of germ bandextension, low levels of protein are seen all over the surface of embryoexcept in the pole cells. Nrt protein accumulates on neuroblasts as theydelaminate from the ectoderm and on subsequent cells of the developingnervous system. The regions of contact between neuroblasts shows a markedconcentration of Nrt protein. After germ band retraction, expression isstrong on the neurons of the CNS but largely disappears from non-neuronaltissues. In the PNS, expression is restricted to a subset of neurons,namely those sensory cells that send out multiple dendritic projections.Expression is strongest on a small number of sensory cells of the dorsalcluster in the abdominal segments. It is also strong on theantenno-maxillary complex and the posterior sensory cones. Non-neuronalexpression is observed on fat body cells and the dorsal vessel. In thirdinstar larvae, expression is observed in the CNS but only on newlydividing neuroblasts and their lineages in suboesophageal segment 1through abdominal segment 1. In leg discs, expression is observed ondeveloping chrodotonal organs. In eye discs, Nrt protein is expressed onphotoreceptor cells and their axons. (Hortsch et al., 1990)
Marker for
	basolateral plasma membrane
Subcellular Localization
CV Term	plasma membrane (de la Escalera et al., 1990)
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0004108    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0004108 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-18 hour embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0004108 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    4608 embryo 02-04hr    45221 embryo 04-06hr    13778 embryo 06-08hr    24560 embryo 08-10hr    24182 embryo 10-12hr    26192 embryo 12-14hr    18338 embryo 14-16hr    13430 embryo 16-18hr    5914 embryo 18-20hr    3186 embryo 20-22hr    2446 embryo 22-24hr    2396 larva L1    1137 larva L2    471 larva L3 12hr old    333 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    792 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1881 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2560 white prepupae new    3624 white prepupae 12hr    5725 white prepupae 24hr    8538 pupae 2d postWPP    4901 pupae 3d postWPP    641 pupae 4d postWPP    449 adult male 01day    362 adult male 05day    392 adult male 30day    377 adult female 01day    631 adult female 05day    754 adult female 30day    859 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (4608) embryo 02-04hr  (45221) embryo 04-06hr  (13778) embryo 06-08hr  (24560) embryo 08-10hr  (24182) embryo 10-12hr  (26192) embryo 12-14hr  (18338) embryo 14-16hr  (13430) embryo 16-18hr  (5914) embryo 18-20hr  (3186) embryo 20-22hr  (2446) embryo 22-24hr  (2396) larva L1  (1137) larva L2  (471) larva L3 12hr old  (333) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (792) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1881) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (2560) white prepupae new  (3624) white prepupae 12hr  (5725) white prepupae 24hr  (8538) pupae 2d postWPP  (4901) pupae 3d postWPP  (641) pupae 4d postWPP  (449) adult male 01day  (362) adult male 05day  (392) adult male 30day  (377) adult female 01day  (631) adult female 05day  (754) adult female 30day  (859) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (4608) embryo 02-04hr  (45221) embryo 04-06hr  (13778) embryo 06-08hr  (24560) embryo 08-10hr  (24182) embryo 10-12hr  (26192) embryo 12-14hr  (18338) embryo 14-16hr  (13430) embryo 16-18hr  (5914) embryo 18-20hr  (3186) embryo 20-22hr  (2446) embryo 22-24hr  (2396) larva L1    1137 larva L2    471 larva L3 12hr old    333 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    792 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1881) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (2560) white prepupae new  (3624) white prepupae 12hr  (5725) white prepupae 24hr  (8538) pupae 2d postWPP  (4901) pupae 3d postWPP    641 pupae 4d postWPP    449 adult male 01day    362 adult male 05day    392 adult male 30day    377 adult female 01day    631 adult female 05day    754 adult female 30day    859 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    4608 embryo 02-04hr  (45221) embryo 04-06hr  (13778) embryo 06-08hr  (24560) embryo 08-10hr  (24182) embryo 10-12hr  (26192) embryo 12-14hr  (18338) embryo 14-16hr  (13430) embryo 16-18hr    5914 embryo 18-20hr    3186 embryo 20-22hr    2446 embryo 22-24hr    2396 larva L1    1137 larva L2    471 larva L3 12hr old    333 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    792 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1881 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2560 white prepupae new    3624 white prepupae 12hr    5725 white prepupae 24hr    8538 pupae 2d postWPP    4901 pupae 3d postWPP    641 pupae 4d postWPP    449 adult male 01day    362 adult male 05day    392 adult male 30day    377 adult female 01day    631 adult female 05day    754 adult female 30day    859 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    4608 embryo 02-04hr    45221 embryo 04-06hr    13778 embryo 06-08hr    24560 embryo 08-10hr    24182 embryo 10-12hr    26192 embryo 12-14hr    18338 embryo 14-16hr    13430 embryo 16-18hr    5914 embryo 18-20hr    3186 embryo 20-22hr    2446 embryo 22-24hr    2396 larva L1    1137 larva L2    471 larva L3 12hr old    333 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    792 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1881 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2560 white prepupae new    3624 white prepupae 12hr    5725 white prepupae 24hr    8538 pupae 2d postWPP    4901 pupae 3d postWPP    641 pupae 4d postWPP    449 adult male 01day    362 adult male 05day    392 adult male 30day    377 adult female 01day    631 adult female 05day    754 adult female 30day    859 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0004108 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    4608 embryo 02-04hr    45221 embryo 04-06hr    13778 embryo 06-08hr    24560 embryo 08-10hr    24182 embryo 10-12hr    26192 embryo 12-14hr    18338 embryo 14-16hr    13430 embryo 16-18hr    5914 embryo 18-20hr    3186 embryo 20-22hr    2446 embryo 22-24hr    2396 larva L1    1137 larva L2    471 larva L3 12hr old    333 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    792 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1881 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2560 white prepupae new    3624 white prepupae 12hr    5725 white prepupae 24hr    8538 pupae 2d postWPP    4901 pupae 3d postWPP    641 pupae 4d postWPP    449 adult male 01day    362 adult male 05day    392 adult male 30day    377 adult female 01day    631 adult female 05day    754 adult female 30day    859 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (4608) embryo 02-04hr  (45221) embryo 04-06hr  (13778) embryo 06-08hr  (24560) embryo 08-10hr  (24182) embryo 10-12hr  (26192) embryo 12-14hr  (18338) embryo 14-16hr  (13430) embryo 16-18hr  (5914) embryo 18-20hr  (3186) embryo 20-22hr  (2446) embryo 22-24hr  (2396) larva L1  (1137) larva L2  (471) larva L3 12hr old  (333) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (792) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1881) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (2560) white prepupae new  (3624) white prepupae 12hr  (5725) white prepupae 24hr  (8538) pupae 2d postWPP  (4901) pupae 3d postWPP  (641) pupae 4d postWPP  (449) adult male 01day  (362) adult male 05day  (392) adult male 30day  (377) adult female 01day  (631) adult female 05day  (754) adult female 30day  (859) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (4608) embryo 02-04hr  (45221) embryo 04-06hr  (13778) embryo 06-08hr  (24560) embryo 08-10hr  (24182) embryo 10-12hr  (26192) embryo 12-14hr  (18338) embryo 14-16hr  (13430) embryo 16-18hr  (5914) embryo 18-20hr  (3186) embryo 20-22hr  2446 embryo 22-24hr  2396 larva L1    1137 larva L2    471 larva L3 12hr old    333 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    792 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  1881 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (2560) white prepupae new  (3624) white prepupae 12hr  (5725) white prepupae 24hr  (8538) pupae 2d postWPP  (4901) pupae 3d postWPP    641 pupae 4d postWPP    449 adult male 01day    362 adult male 05day    392 adult male 30day    377 adult female 01day    631 adult female 05day    754 adult female 30day    859 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    4608 embryo 02-04hr  (45221) embryo 04-06hr  13778 embryo 06-08hr  (24560) embryo 08-10hr  (24182) embryo 10-12hr  (26192) embryo 12-14hr  18338 embryo 14-16hr  13430 embryo 16-18hr    5914 embryo 18-20hr    3186 embryo 20-22hr    2446 embryo 22-24hr    2396 larva L1    1137 larva L2    471 larva L3 12hr old    333 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    792 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1881 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2560 white prepupae new    3624 white prepupae 12hr    5725 white prepupae 24hr    8538 pupae 2d postWPP    4901 pupae 3d postWPP    641 pupae 4d postWPP    449 adult male 01day    362 adult male 05day    392 adult male 30day    377 adult female 01day    631 adult female 05day    754 adult female 30day    859 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    4608 embryo 02-04hr    45221 embryo 04-06hr    13778 embryo 06-08hr    24560 embryo 08-10hr    24182 embryo 10-12hr    26192 embryo 12-14hr    18338 embryo 14-16hr    13430 embryo 16-18hr    5914 embryo 18-20hr    3186 embryo 20-22hr    2446 embryo 22-24hr    2396 larva L1    1137 larva L2    471 larva L3 12hr old    333 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    792 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1881 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2560 white prepupae new    3624 white prepupae 12hr    5725 white prepupae 24hr    8538 pupae 2d postWPP    4901 pupae 3d postWPP    641 pupae 4d postWPP    449 adult male 01day    362 adult male 05day    392 adult male 30day    377 adult female 01day    631 adult female 05day    754 adult female 30day    859 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0004108    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0004108 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult brain. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0004108 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    735.5 Larval Midgut    4.7 Larval Hindgut    3.4 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.4 Larval Fat Body    12.6 Larval Salivary Gland    3.6 Larval Trachea    7.35 Larval Carcass    6.625 Adult Head    50.8 Adult Eye    37.6 Adult Brain    130.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    86.4 Adult Crop    7.2 Adult Midgut    10.7 Adult Hindgut    9.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.5 Adult Fat Body    20.8 Adult Salivary Gland    5.1 Adult Heart    12.875 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    5.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.9 Adult Ovary    25.8 Adult Testis    8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    25.7 Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (735.5) Larval Midgut    4.7 Larval Hindgut    3.4 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.4 Larval Fat Body    12.6 Larval Salivary Gland    3.6 Larval Trachea    7.35 Larval Carcass    6.625 Adult Head    50.8 Adult Eye    37.6 Adult Brain    130.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    86.4 Adult Crop    7.2 Adult Midgut    10.7 Adult Hindgut    9.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.5 Adult Fat Body    20.8 Adult Salivary Gland    5.1 Adult Heart    12.875 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    5.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.9 Adult Ovary    25.8 Adult Testis    8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    25.7 Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    735.5 Larval Midgut    4.7 Larval Hindgut    3.4 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.4 Larval Fat Body    12.6 Larval Salivary Gland    3.6 Larval Trachea    7.35 Larval Carcass    6.625 Adult Head    50.8 Adult Eye    37.6 Adult Brain    130.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    86.4 Adult Crop    7.2 Adult Midgut    10.7 Adult Hindgut    9.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.5 Adult Fat Body    20.8 Adult Salivary Gland    5.1 Adult Heart    12.875 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    5.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.9 Adult Ovary    25.8 Adult Testis    8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    25.7 Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    735.5 Larval Midgut    4.7 Larval Hindgut    3.4 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.4 Larval Fat Body    12.6 Larval Salivary Gland    3.6 Larval Trachea    7.35 Larval Carcass    6.625 Adult Head    50.8 Adult Eye    37.6 Adult Brain    130.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    86.4 Adult Crop    7.2 Adult Midgut    10.7 Adult Hindgut    9.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.5 Adult Fat Body    20.8 Adult Salivary Gland    5.1 Adult Heart    12.875 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    5.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.9 Adult Ovary    25.8 Adult Testis    8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    25.7 Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0004108 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    735.5 Larval Midgut    4.7 Larval Hindgut    3.4 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.4 Larval Fat Body    12.6 Larval Salivary Gland    3.6 Larval Trachea    7.35 Larval Carcass    6.625 Adult Head    50.8 Adult Eye    37.6 Adult Brain    130.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    86.4 Adult Crop    7.2 Adult Midgut    10.7 Adult Hindgut    9.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.5 Adult Fat Body    20.8 Adult Salivary Gland    5.1 Adult Heart    12.875 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    5.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.9 Adult Ovary    25.8 Adult Testis    8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    25.7 Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  735.5 Larval Midgut    4.7 Larval Hindgut    3.4 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.4 Larval Fat Body    12.6 Larval Salivary Gland    3.6 Larval Trachea    7.35 Larval Carcass    6.625 Adult Head    50.8 Adult Eye    37.6 Adult Brain    130.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    86.4 Adult Crop    7.2 Adult Midgut    10.7 Adult Hindgut    9.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.5 Adult Fat Body    20.8 Adult Salivary Gland    5.1 Adult Heart    12.875 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    5.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.9 Adult Ovary    25.8 Adult Testis    8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    25.7 Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    735.5 Larval Midgut    4.7 Larval Hindgut    3.4 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.4 Larval Fat Body    12.6 Larval Salivary Gland    3.6 Larval Trachea    7.35 Larval Carcass    6.625 Adult Head    50.8 Adult Eye    37.6 Adult Brain    130.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    86.4 Adult Crop    7.2 Adult Midgut    10.7 Adult Hindgut    9.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.5 Adult Fat Body    20.8 Adult Salivary Gland    5.1 Adult Heart    12.875 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    5.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.9 Adult Ovary    25.8 Adult Testis    8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    25.7 Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    735.5 Larval Midgut    4.7 Larval Hindgut    3.4 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.4 Larval Fat Body    12.6 Larval Salivary Gland    3.6 Larval Trachea    7.35 Larval Carcass    6.625 Adult Head    50.8 Adult Eye    37.6 Adult Brain    130.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    86.4 Adult Crop    7.2 Adult Midgut    10.7 Adult Hindgut    9.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.5 Adult Fat Body    20.8 Adult Salivary Gland    5.1 Adult Heart    12.875 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    5.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.9 Adult Ovary    25.8 Adult Testis    8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    25.7 Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass no informative data FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    50.8   NA  Eye    37.6   NA  Brain    130.4   735.5  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    86.4   NA  Crop    7.2   4.7  Midgut    10.7   3.4  Hindgut    9.2   2.4  Malpighian Tubules    5.5   12.6  Fat Body    20.8   3.6  Salivary Gland    5.1   NA  Heart    12.875   7.35  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    5.2   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.9   NA  Ovary    25.8   NA  Testis    8   NA  Male Accessory Gland    25.7   6.625  Carcass    no informative data modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_30
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0004108 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG9704-RB FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for Nrt Stages(s) 4-6 Stages(s) 7-8 Stages(s) 9-10 Stages(s) 11-12 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | embryonic stage | recessive NrtM2 viable Nrt1 Nrt5 NrtEY01507 NrtrP668 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 NrtGD3597 Sterility Allele fertile Nrt1 Nrt5 NrtEY01507 Other Phenotypes Allele neuroanatomy defective NrtdsRNA.cLa Phenotype manifest in Allele axon | embryonic stage Nrt1 Nrt5 commissure NrtdsRNA.cLa eye photoreceptor cell | somatic clone NrtM100 ocellar nerve Nrt1 Nrt5 NrtR20F NrtrP668 ommatidium | somatic clone NrtM100 photoreceptor cell R1 | somatic clone NrtM100 photoreceptor cell R2 | somatic clone NrtM100 photoreceptor cell R3 | somatic clone NrtM100 photoreceptor cell R4 | somatic clone NrtM100 photoreceptor cell R5 | somatic clone NrtM100 photoreceptor cell R6 | somatic clone NrtM100 photoreceptor cell R7 | somatic clone NrtM100 presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system Nrt1 ventral nerve cord Nrt5
Classical Alleles ( 19 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Nrt Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Nrt1 diepoxybutane 1 Yes Nrt2 loss of function allele diepoxybutane 1 -- Nrtc04672 piggyBac transposase 1 -- Nrtc07003 piggyBac transposase 1 -- NrtDG25707 1 -- Nrte02875 piggyBac transposase 1 -- NrtEY01507 P-element activity 1 -- Nrtf02550 piggyBac transposase 1 -- Nrtf04653 piggyBac transposase 1 -- Nrt5 P-element activity 0 Yes NrtGAL4.rP668 gene conversion 0 Yes NrtM100 X ray ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes NrtM221 X ray ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes NrtM29 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes NrtM2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes NrtM54 X ray ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes NrtR20F P-element activity 0 Yes NrtrP668 P-element activity 0 Yes Nrtunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 19 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Nrt Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion NrtScer\UAS.cSa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes NrtGD3597 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes NrtJF03170 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes NrtKK106657 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes NrtdsRNA.cLa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes Nrths.PB in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes NrtM100.MtnA in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes NrtM221.MtnA in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes NrtMtnA.PF in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes NrtΔCYT.hs in vitro construct - deletion in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes NrtΔext1.hs in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes NrtΔext2.hs in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes NrtΔext3.hs in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes NrtΔext4.hs in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes NrtΔext5.hs in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes NrtΔext6.hs in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes NrtΔext7.hs in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes NrtΔext8.hs in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes NrtΔext9.hs in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3L)Exel6130 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(3L)st81k17 (Speicher et al., 1998)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD3597} NA P{KK106657} NA P{TRiP.JF03170} NA P{UAS-Nrt.S} NA characterization construct P{UAS(FRT.y+CD2)wg::Nrt.flu} NA P{UAS(-FRT)wg::Nrt.flu} NA P{UAS-Nrt::wg.HA.C93A} NA P{UAS-wg::Nrt.flu} NA P{αTub84B(FRT.CD2,y+)wg::Nrt.flu.Z} NA P{αTub84B(-FRT)wg::Nrt.flu.Z} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{EPgy2}NrtEY01507 NA miscellaneous insertions P{wHy}NrtDG25707 NA PBac{PB}Nrtc04672 NA PBac{PB}Nrtc07003 NA PBac{RB}Nrte02875 NA PBac{WH}Nrtf02550 NA PBac{WH}Nrtf04653 NA insertion of enhancer trap P{PZ}NrtrP668 No insertion of enhancer trap binary system P{GawB}NrtGAL4.rP668 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 7 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 6 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
axonal fasciculation inferred from mutant phenotype (Speicher et al., 1998) axon guidance inferred from mutant phenotype (Speicher et al., 1998) axonogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Speicher et al., 1998) central nervous system development inferred from genetic interaction with Nrg (Speicher et al., 1998)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
basolateral plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (Sotillos et al., 2004) plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (Hortsch et al., 1990)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 3 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process ( 0 terms)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
basolateral plasma membrane non-traceable author statement (Bachmann et al., 2001) integral to membrane non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1991.11.1) plasma membrane inferred from sequence or structural similarity (de la Escalera et al., 1990)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Nrt allele Gene References Nrt1 Nrg (Speicher et al., 1998) Nrt5 drl (Speicher et al., 1998) kek1 (Speicher et al., 1998) Nrg (Speicher et al., 1998) NrtdsRNA.cLa Abl (Liebl et al., 2003) NrtM2 Abl (Gertler et al., 1989, Gertler et al., 1993, Fogerty et al., 1999, Liebl et al., 2003) NrtM29 Abl (Gertler et al., 1989) NrtM54 Abl (Liebl et al., 2003) msn (Ruan et al., 2002) N (Giniger, 1998) NrtM100 Abl (Liebl et al., 2003) NrtM221 Abl (Liebl et al., 2000) NrtrP668 Nrg (Speicher et al., 1998) Nrtunspecified sev (Le and Simon, 1998) unspecified ena (Gertler et al., 1990) N (Merdes et al., 2004) sli (MacMullin and Jacobs, 2006) trio (Liebl et al., 2000)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 65172 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0004108 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0004108 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 39873
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF23930 Dere\GG13576 Dgri\GH16222 Dmoj\GI13369 Dper\GL20689 Dpse\GA21977 Dsec\GM25656 Dvir\GJ13198 Dwil\GK25299 Dyak\GE19873
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dpse\GA21977
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL009240-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP005644-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_391995.3 Apis mellifera (honey bee) 119062 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) 122640 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) BGIBMGA001242-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) CPIJ008533 Culex pipens (mosquito) 308699 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ENSGACP00000023300 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ISCW013301-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) XP_001604753.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) PHUM006577-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) XP_974880.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB14308 NV14352 LH19978 ISCW013301 FBgn0237203 FBgn0227258 FBgn0200424 FBgn0186341 FBgn0186340 FBgn0180513 JGI_V11_308699 FBgn0081962 FBgn0158284 FBgn0136126 FBgn0123693 FBgn0105846 FBgn0100924 CPIJ008533 BGIBMGA001242 GB19830 AGAP005644 AAEL009240 PHUM085680 GLEAN_07674
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 14 )
Bloomington	29879 w1118; P{UAS-Nrt.S}2a 29880 w1118; P{UAS-Nrt.S}2b 28742 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF03170}attP2 21292 y1 w67c23; P{wHy}NrtDG25707 20122 y1 w67c23; P{EPgy2}NrtEY01507
Harvard	- PBac{PB}Nrtc04672 - PBac{PB}Nrtc07003 - PBac{RB}Nrte02875 - PBac{WH}Nrtf02550 - PBac{WH}Nrtf04653
VDRC	v106080 P{KK106657}VIE-260B v8495 w1118; P{GD3597}v8495/CyO
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR11G05 BACR48E21 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 213 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GM09828 LD22004
Other clones	DPiM_LD22004
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	LD01563 LD15934 LD20978 LD37705 LD42893 RE01966 RE03914 RE05522 RE09342 RE13290 RE14204 RE15773 RE16111 RE16170 RE17028 RE19227 RE30389 RE32083 RE32842 RE35425 RE39234 RE39481 RE42246 RE43117 RE45654 RE46488 RE47454 RE50083 RE50465 RE51906 RE53822 RE53943 RE56713 RE57357 RE63360 RE66358 RE67175 RE67569 RE67829 RE67905 RE69461 RE71176 RE75175
Other clones	292 13384 15213 17761 28670 28947 29581 31175 34764 35226 38881 38959 39454 42318 46855 54227 55712 56937 57401 61921 65916 67859 72001 74635 79497 79773 82681 97144 97212 100432 103591 124473 124637 124901 145355 145407 145613 149146 154420 158894 159329 159657 175156 176667 214339.57 214379.51 214385.55 273870 522885 Cauquenes_24_D02 CK01.19D.C6 CK01.32A.B12 CK01.43C.E7 CK01.66C.D7 CK01.78C.C10 CK01.78C.E10 CK01.94D.C5 CK01.101C.D8 CK01.102A.H6 CK01.109B.H6 CK01.110A.C6 CK01.125A.G2 CK01.130C.A10 CK01.130C.E1 Dmel_dig_003474_0660_2542 Dmel_dig_003700_0668_1163 EK036820 EK050506 EK052516 EK053404 EK059206 EK061043 EK061051 EK073811 EK085734 EK086063 EK098863 EK099343 EK100113 EK100226 EK105443 EK107048 EK111908 EK114823 EK130051 EK136114 EK136924 EK140131 EK144611 EK145238 EK152151 EK152346 EK156148 EK157015 EK170664 EK171334 EK174343 EK174544 EK175901 EK176609 EK178004 EK179461 EK183832 EK189113 EK190507 EK195708 EK196239 EK202821 EK209852 EK216437 EK216809 EK219160 EK222842 EK246836 EK252247 EK252313 EK254652 EK258138 EK260403 EK261949 EK262622 EK265304 EK282462 EN02951 EP02855 EP10559 EP11052 EP11802 FGM311F03 IP04834 RP004066185 RP004120102 RP004120551 RP004157571 RP004158511 RP004164597 RP004193144 RP004197443 RP004197841 RP004198158 RP004201099 RP004206645 RP004219360 RP004220071 RP004220457 RP004237906 RP004244586 RP004245648 RP004247953 RP004248497 RP004250292 RP004256494 RP004262347 RP004358982 RP004385209 RP004401310 RP004445323 RP004472957 RP004514545 RP004514806 RP004525324 RP004529900 RP004539428 RP004541592 RP004546595 RP004554098 RP004555445
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0004108 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 39873
Antibody Information
	monoclonal (de la Escalera et al., 1990) monoclonal, polyclonal (Hortsch et al., 1990)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
	The "M2" and "M29" mutations isolated in FBrf0049327 were named "disabled" alleles to indicate their genetic interaction with Abl and the effect of the mutations, in an Abl mutant background, on the embryonic central nervous system. (Gertler et al., 1989)
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: Nrt BcDNA:LD22004 (FlyBase, 1996-)
Additional comments	All five mutations originally thought to be lesions in the Dab gene (see FBrf0049327, FBrf0058531 and FBrf0084025) are actually lesions in the Nrt gene, the alleles are: NrtM2, NrtM29, NrtM54, NrtM100 and NrtM221. (Liebl et al., 2003) Source for merge of Nrt BcDNA:LD22004 was sequence comparison (date:990717). (FlyBase, 1996-) FlyBase curator comment: in FBrf0058531, the NrtM2 allele is stated to be due to a lesion in the Dab gene, since four copies of a rescue construct containing Dab sequences (P{Dab.G}) rescue the lethality of NrtM2 Df(3L)st-j7/Abl1 animals. However this has subsequently been shown to be an error (see FBrf0162067) - the NrtM2 allele is actually due to a lesion in the Nrt gene. (Gertler et al., 1993)
Other Comments
	Nrt is required during axon outgrowth, fasciculation and guidance. (Speicher et al., 1998) Factor(s) mediating Nrt-dependent cell adhesion exist(s) in a soluble and a membrane-bound form. A region of the Nrt extracellular domain is sufficient for cell adhesion. Cholinesterase-like domains may functionally replace the Nrt extracellular domain for adhesion properties. (Darboux et al., 1996) In vitro fusion of the homologous extracellular domain of Egfr and Glt to the Nrt cytoplasmic domain can mediate aggregation of cells incubated with a soluble crude fraction containg Nrt ligand activity. The binding site for the Nrt ligand is localised within the extracellular domain. A stretch of 25 amino acids forms an alpha-helix located close to the pseudocatalytic site and is crucial for the adhesive function. (Darboux et al., 1995) Nrt is hypothesized to require Ama as its ligand. (Diano and Piovant, 1995) fax encodes a novel protein that is not necessary for viability in an otherwise wild type genetic background. A requirement for fax is observed upon reduction or loss of Abl or Nrt. (Hill et al., 1995) Genetic screens for dominant second site mutations that interact genetically with Abl have identified mutations in Nrt. (Juang et al., 1995) Induction of Nrt in transfected Schneider S2 cells is capable of mediating cell adhesion in a heterophilic manner. (Barthalay et al., 1990) Mutations in Nrt act as dominant genetic enhancers of Abl mutations. (Gertler et al., 1990) Nrt has been cloned and characterised. (Hortsch et al., 1990, de la Escalera et al., 1990) Embryos homozygous for either of the two Nrt- deletions used by de al Escalera et al. (1990) do not exhibit any 'extra' gross abnormalities of the CNS. Deletion of regions just distal to Nrt <up>i.e. Df(3L)st100.62 or Df(3L)st-e5</up> leads to defects in axonal patternings (because of the absence of the abl and dab genes in 73B, cf. Gertler, Bennet, Clark and Hoffman, 1989), but the further removal of Nrt+ does not make this phenotype worse (de la Escalera, Bockamp, Moya, Piovant and Jimenez, 1990).   Three monoclonal antibodies selected because of binding to presumptive imaginal neurons within the larval central nervous system (CNS) (de la Escalera, Bockamp, Moya, Piovant and Jimenez, 1990) and an additional one found by virtue of binding to neuronal surfaces in embryos (Hortsch, Patel, Bieber, Traquina and Goodman, 1990) detected the same ca. 135kD protein on Western blots of homogenates from embryos, late larva and pupae. The membrane-bound material is called neurotactin (NRT) because of its expression at points of interneuronal cell contact. Antibody staining (de la Escalera, Bockamp, Moya, Piovant and Jimenez, 1990; Hortsch, Patel, Bieber, Traquina and Goodman, 1990) shows concentration of the protein in dorsal and ventral portions of embryonic blastoderm (where staining appears cell surface-limited), all over gastrulating embryos (although Hortsch, Patel, Bieber, Traquina and Goodman, 1990 imply a somewhat more restricted expression pattern), in the 'proliferating' CNS (including neuroblasts and their progeny) of stage 10-11 embryos and in regions of contact between neuroblasts. In visceral mesoderm (stage 13), non-neuronal expression diminishes, although it is seen on fat body cells and the 'dorsal vessel'; intense staining continues in embryonic CNS (but is relatively weak in axons of motor neurons); PNS expression is evident as well (seemingly restricted to sensory cells that send out multiple dendritic projections, and, in fact, PNS cell-body signals are weaker than on dendrites); cell-surface expression apparent in the various expressing tissues during mid-embryogenesis; in early L1, NRT signals decay but reappear in CNS (in optic formation centers and in neuron clusters and associated axons in ventral cord); the protein's expression persists in imaginal neurons through mid-pupal stage, wanes as such cells complete maturation and is undetectable in adults. L3 imaginal discs are NRT positive (e.g. on developing chordotonal neurons of leg discs and in developing photoreceptor cells plus their axons, posterior to the morphogenetic furrow). Cell culture studies, including electron-microscope observations (Barthalay, Hipeau-Jacquotte, de la Escalera, Jimenez and Piovant, 1990), suggest further that NRT is a 'contact molecule' between neurons or epithelial cells; there is uniform expression along intercellular contact areas; non-adhesive Schneider-2 cells, transfected with Nrt cDNA, do not become self adhesive, but these cells bind to a subpopulation of embryonic cells.
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_057450 NM_168682 NM_001202192 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_476798 NP_730196 NP_001189121 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA817019 AAD34776 AAF49416 AAF49417 AC006933 ADV37557 AF132188 AI455228 CAA37831 CAA38746 CL705885 CZ469417 CZ471159 CZ471160 CZ480648 CZ485077 CZ485078 CZ487198 CZ487199 X53837 X54999 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 39873 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P23654
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Carboxylesterase, type B (IPR002018) Carboxylesterase type B, conserved site (IPR019819)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 65172 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0004108 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0004108 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0004108 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0004108 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG9704-RB FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0004108 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 39873 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL009240-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP005644-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_391995.3 Apis mellifera (honey bee) 119062 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) 122640 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) BGIBMGA001242-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) CPIJ008533 Culex pipens (mosquito) 308699 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ENSGACP00000023300 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ISCW013301-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) XP_001604753.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) PHUM006577-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) XP_974880.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /neural/neurtact.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 39873 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0004108 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB14308 NV14352 LH19978 ISCW013301 FBgn0237203 FBgn0227258 FBgn0200424 FBgn0186341 FBgn0186340 FBgn0180513 JGI_V11_308699 FBgn0081962 FBgn0158284 FBgn0136126 FBgn0123693 FBgn0105846 FBgn0100924 CPIJ008533 BGIBMGA001242 GB19830 AGAP005644 AAEL009240 PHUM085680 GLEAN_07674
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 19 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	BcDNA:LD22004   BP106 (Izumi et al., 2004, Ashraf et al., 1999, de Velasco et al., 2007) CG9704 (Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009) dab (MacMullin and Jacobs, 2006, Gertler et al., 1990, Taft et al., 1997, Le and Simon, 1998, Liebl et al., 2000, Hill et al., 1995, Gertler et al., 1993, Gertler et al., 1989, Belote et al., 1990, Fogerty et al., 1999, Juang et al., 1995, Le and Simon, 1998, Juang et al., 1995, Chien, 1998, Henkemeyer et al., 1990, Hoffmann, 1991, Van Etten, 1999, Settle et al., 2003) Dab (Brumby et al., 2004, Le Gall et al., 2001, Cowan and Henkemeyer, 2000) DAB (De Strooper and Annaert, 2000) l(3)73Be   MabBP106 (Matthews and Crews, 1999) neu (Kramer, 2000) Neur (Schubiger and Truman, 2004, Lecuit and Wieschaus, 2000) nrt (Liebl et al., 2003, Jasper et al., 2002, Fremion et al., 2000, White et al., 1999, Garcia-Alonso, 1999, Singer and Piovant, 1995, Jimenez et al., 1993) Nrt (Terry et al., 2006, LaLonde et al., 2006, Brodu and Casanova, 2006, Sprecher et al., 2007, Meyer et al., 2006, Lovegrove et al., 2006, Fox and Peifer, 2007, Lecuit, 2004, Kankel et al., 2007, Blankenship et al., 2006, Ruel et al., 2007, Harris and Tepass, 2008, Liang et al., 2008, Wheeler et al., 2009, Blankenship et al., 2007, Kessler and Müller, 2009, Piovant, 2009.5.9, Larsen et al., 2009, Campbell et al., 2009, Fung et al., 2008, King-Jones et al., 2006, Bertet et al., 2009, Kim et al., 2009, Izergina et al., 2009, Steinhauer et al., 2009, Zúñiga et al., 2009, Liebl and Featherstone, 2005, Xu et al., 2008, Zinzen et al., 2009, Murthy et al., 2010, Cherbas et al., 2011, Franco et al., 2011, Viktorin et al., 2011) NRT (Mathews et al., 2006, Brodu and Casanova, 2006, Sprecher et al., 2006) Nrt BP106 (Yu et al., 2003) NT (Hampoelz et al., 2005)
Name Synonym	disabled (Hill et al., 1991, Gertler et al., 1990, Gertler et al., 1989) Neurotactin (Lecuit and Wieschaus, 2000, ten Bosch et al., 2006, Terry et al., 2006, Pilot et al., 2006, LaLonde et al., 2006, Brodu and Casanova, 2006, Sprecher et al., 2006, Sprecher et al., 2007, Meyer et al., 2006, Lovegrove et al., 2006, Fox and Peifer, 2007, Lichtneckert et al., 2007, Hampoelz et al., 2005, Pereanu and Hartenstein, 2006, Kankel et al., 2007, Blankenship et al., 2006, Murray and Saint, 2007, Martinek et al., 2008, Xu et al., 2008, Harris and Tepass, 2008, Liang et al., 2008, Blankenship et al., 2007, Kessler and Müller, 2009, Spindler et al., 2009, Larsen et al., 2009, Hain et al., 2010, de Velasco et al., 2007, Fung et al., 2008, Bertet et al., 2009, Kim et al., 2009, Izergina et al., 2009, Steinhauer et al., 2009, Zinzen et al., 2009, Murthy et al., 2010, Kim et al., 2010, Tan et al., 2011) neurotactin (LaLonde et al., 2006, Lecuit, 2004, Turski and Thiele, 2007, Martin et al., 2010, Cardona et al., 2010, Viktorin et al., 2011) NEUROTACTIN (Acevedo et al., 2007)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 208 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 208 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 134 ) Supplementary material  ( 3 ) Review  ( 25 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 8 ) Abstract  ( 27 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Computer file  ( 4 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 ) Thesis  ( 1 ) Letter  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 10 )
	Cherbas et al., 2011, Genome Res. 21(2): 301--314 The transcriptional diversity of 25 Drosophila cell lines. [FBrf0213077] Clark et al., 2011, Development 138(13): 2705--2715 Fibroblast growth factor signalling controls successive cell behaviours during mesoderm layer formation in Drosophila. [FBrf0213889] Franco et al., 2011, Mol. Cell. Proteomics 10(5): M110.002188 A Novel Strategy to Isolate Ubiquitin Conjugates Reveals Wide Role for Ubiquitination during Neural Development. [FBrf0213919] Tan et al., 2011, Development 138(11): 2197--2206 Coordinated expression of cell death genes regulates neuroblast apoptosis. [FBrf0213685] Viktorin et al., 2011, Dev. Biol. 356(2): 553--565 Multipotent neural stem cells generate glial cells of the central complex through transit amplifying intermediate progenitors in Drosophila brain development. [FBrf0214495] Cardona et al., 2010, J. Neurosci. 30(22): 7538--7553 Identifying neuronal lineages of Drosophila by sequence analysis of axon tracts. [FBrf0210968] Hain et al., 2010, PLoS ONE 5(12): e15264 Natural variation of the amino-terminal glutamine-rich domain in Drosophila argonaute2 is not associated with developmental defects. [FBrf0212816] Kim et al., 2010, Mol. Cells 29(1): 93--98 Blood-brain barrier defects associated with Rbp9 mutation. [FBrf0210543] Martin et al., 2010, J. Cell Biol. 188(5): 735--749 Integration of contractile forces during tissue invagination. [FBrf0210158] Murthy et al., 2010, Development 137(16): 2773--2783 Sec5, a member of the exocyst complex, mediates Drosophila embryo cellularization. [FBrf0211434] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...