• Home
• Tools
  • Tools Overview
  • Query Tools

    
    • QuickSearch
    • QueryBuilder
    • TermLink
    • CytoSearch
    • Interactions Browser
    • ImageBrowse
    • Find A Person
    • Google™ FlyBase
  • Genomic/Map Tools

    
    • BLAST
    • GBrowse
    • CytoSearch
    • Aberrations Maps
    • Chromosome Maps
    • Coordinates Converter
  • Retrieve/Convert

    
    • Batch Download
    • Coordinates Converter
    • ID Converter
  • Data Submission

    
    • Fast-Track Your Paper
    • Submit Personal Comm
    • Add A New Person
    • Update Person Info
  • People

    
    • Find A Person
    • Add A New Person
    • Update Person Info
• Files
  • Files Overview
  • Downloads:
  • Precomputed files
  • Archived data
  • Releases (FTP)
  • Genomes (FTP)
  • AAA data (FTP)
  • Lists:
  • Transposons (Dmel)
  • Transposons (other)
  • Vectors & Constructs
  • Anatomical Terms
  • Map Conversion
• Species
  • Phylogeny
  • Sequenced Species
  • Synteny Table
  • Color Illustrations
  • Abbreviations
• Documents
  • About FlyBase
  • Reference Manual:
  • Sections
  • Contents
  • Nomenclature
  • Release Notes
• Resources
  • All Resources
  • Model Organisms
  • Stock Collections
  • Other links:
  • BDGP
  • DGRC
  • FlyExpress
  • Interactive Fly
  • modENCODE
  • Textpresso for Fly
• News
  • News
  • FlyBase Forum
  • FlyBase Positions
  • Meetings
  • Courses
  • Fly Board
  • White papers
  • Funding
  • bionet.dros
• Help
  • Google™ FlyBase
  • Site Map
  • FAQs
  • FlyBase Guides
  • Video Tutorials
  • Report help
  • New to Flies
  • Pers. comm.
  • Author guidelines
  • Contact FlyBase
• Archives
  • Prior Release
  • Other Archives
  • Coordinate Converter

Gene Dmel\ct

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\ct	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	cut	Annotation symbol	CG11387
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0004198
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	83 publicly available
Also Known As	Cut, kf
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	X	Recombination map	1-20.0
Cytogenetic map	7B4-7B6	Sequence location	X:7,503,181..7,572,292 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene cut is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\ct (CG11387, FBgn0004198). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding. There is experimental evidence for 13 unique biological process terms, many of which group under: anatomical structure development; biological regulation; cellular component organization or biogenesis; regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process; antennal development; multicellular organismal reproductive process; organ development; cellular process involved in reproduction; cell cycle; sensory perception of mechanical stimulus. 322 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system subdivision; adult segment; antennal segment; synaptic neuropil subdomain; adult mesothoracic segment; spiracle; abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5; multi-cell-component structure; peripheral nervous system; female germline cyst. It has 4 annotated transcripts and 4 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Homeobox; Homeobox, conserved site; Homeodomain protein CUT; Homeodomain-like; Homeodomain-related; Lambda repressor-like, DNA-binding. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed within 12-18 embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult central nervous system, larval/adult Malpighian tubules. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1625385_at completely aligns to an exonic region of only a subset of 1 of the 3 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of ct. Gene sequence location is X:7503181..7572292.
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	ct: cut ct mutations fall into three nonoverlapping phenotypic classes: kinked femur, cut wings, and lethal. Kinked- femur mutants are small with slightly dark, dull, red eye color; femurs kinked; wings seldom expand following eclosion, or when they do expand they are opaque and abnormal in shape; flies seem unable to move normally and die on the food soon after eclosion. Cut-wing mutants variably affect wing shape and head capsule development; phenotypic effects include incised wing margins with the tips usually cut to points, missing or ventrally displaced vibrissae, deformed antennae, e.g., flattened and embedded with aristae concave forward, smaller kidney-shaped eyes, warped abdominal bands, and fine bristles. Most lethal alleles survive as clones of homozygous epidermal cells (Demerec). Developmental study of ct6 by Waddington [1939, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 25: 299-308; 1940, J. Genet. 41: 75-139 (fig.)] shows wing bud narrower than wild type as early as just after eversion of wing in early pupa. Cell death observed in prepupal wing bud (D. Fristrom, 1969, Mol. Gen. Genet. 103: 363-79). Clones of ct6 cells in internal areas of wing blade normal in size; marginal clones much reduced in size indicating cell death. Homozygous clones in either dorsal or ventral membrane must reach margin in order to produce incision, 100/127 marginal clones unassociated with gaps; when gaps are produced, they affect both wing surfaces even though clone confined to a single surface. Both dorsal and ventral chaetal elements at the edges of such gaps may show the markers of such clones (Santamaria and Garc'a-Bellido, 1975, Wilhelm Roux's Arch. Entwicklungsmech. Org. 178: 233-45). Lethal alleles fall into three groups, based on their complementation characteristics: cutless, group I, and group II. Lethal alleles ctC145, ctJA124, and ctl49 exhibit polyphasic lethality from late embryo to pharate adult (Johnson and Judd, 1979). Lethal embryos characterized by posterior defects in spiracles; no Keilin's organs, and abnormal maxillary complex (Wieschaus, Nusslein-Volhard, and Jurgens, 1984, Wilhelm Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 193: 296-307). Group II and to a slightly lesser degree group I lethals fail to differentiate external sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system; the presumptive external sensory neurons of the embryonic peripheral nervous system and their support cells are transformed into chordotonal neurons with their support cells; the transformed organs are chordotonal both in morphology and antigenic specificity. Same effect seen in the adult sensory organs in mosaics; embryonic effect differs from that seen in adults in that embryos lack peripheral sensory structures, e.g., Keilin's organs, whereas such structures persist, though reduced in size, in adult tissue. The numbers and positions of peripheral neurons is normal. CNS structure and function appear normal. No discernable effect of absence of ct function in the maternal germ line. Effect of ct mutations on PNS differentiation cell autonomous. [Bodmer, Barbel, Sheperd, Jack, Jan, and Jan, 1987, Cell 51: 293-307 (fig.).] Antibodies to ct protein specifically bind to nuclei of presumptive external sensory organ cells including those of the antennamaxillary organ and external sensory organs in spiracles, but not to nuclei of chordotonal organs; antibody staining also seen in some neurons with multiple dendritic arborizations and in cells lining the Malpighian tubules (Blochlinger, Bodmer, Jack, Jan, and Jan, 1988, Nature 333: 629-35). Kinked-femur, cut-wing, and cutless alleles are mutually complementing: group I lethals complement kinked-femur but not cut-wing alleles; and group II lethals are noncomplementing; all combinations of lethal alleles are lethal. The different phenotypic classes of alleles occupy discrete and separate regions of the complex, with the order from left to right being, kinked femur, cut wing, group I lethals, and group II lethals; cutless alleles have not been mapped. Kinked femur, cut, and group-I-lethal mutations are associated with chromosome aberrations or insertions of transposable elements, whereas group II lethals appear to be point mutations. ct6, ct68E (= ct67s?), ct78a, and ctK suppressed by su(Hw)2; dvr2 enhances ct6 and inhibits its complete suppression by su(Hw)2; su(Hw)2/+ shows slight dominant suppression of wing phenotype of ctK (Lee, 1973, Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 26: 903-09). ct6 and ctK strongly enhanced by su(s); su(s) ctK lethal (Johnson) but rescued by su(Hw)2/+ (Craymer). ct6 the most commonly used allele. ct kf2 ctnct6 ctK lethals _________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | -0.04- | -0.16- | - ~0.07- | Genetic fine structure map of the cut locus ct71g ctJC20 ctk Classified as a group-I lethal because homozygotes show reduced viability, and only 10% of fewer heterozygotes with other lethal alleles survive; survivors have weakly cut wings, as well as fine bristles, and enlarged and deformed humeral callus, not seen in other cut-wing mutants. ctcl: cut-cutless Acts as a lethal allele in combination with deficiencies for ct; phenotype normal in combination with viable ct alleles. Homozygotes have reduced viability and show thoracic protuberances (Schalet). Heterozygotes of ctcl with lethal alleles of ct die or eclose in small numbers; an exception is ctcl/ctHA46, which exhibits normal survival. ctlS1 (A. Schalet) Lethal; a member of cut Lethal II group, maps proximal to ctC145 (Jack, 1985). Not suppressed by su(Hw)2 (Schalet). ctlS1/+ males, frequently show thoracic protuberances (Schalet). ctlS2 (A. Schalet) Almost complete lethal; survival less than 1%. Not suppressed by su(Hw)2; cut-cutless type of mutant in that ctlS2 fails to complement lethal alleles, e.g. ctlS1, but complements kf2, ct6 and ctS. Rare surviving males and females are fertile with normal wings, but usually show thoracic protuberances in the region of the presutural and notoplural bristles as are also seen in heterozygotes of ctlS1, Df(1)ctJ4 or Df(1)ctJ6. kf2
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2011_10	References Maruyama et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(6): e20901
FB2012_01	References Johnson et al., 2011, Dev. Dyn. 240(7): 1769--1778 Sequence features HFA18757 BKN28918 BKN45881 Controlled Vocabulary Terms negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 7B4-7B6   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CBPEP1643&P{EP}EP1523EP1523 and P{EP}CHES-1-likeEP1453
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 7B1-7B2     (Tchurikov, 1997.4.3) 7B3-7B4   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Gordesky-Gold et al., 1995) 7B-7B   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Segarra and Aguade, 1992) 7B1-7B2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Jack, 1985) 7B3-7B3   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Jack, 1984) 7B-7B   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Modolell et al., 1983) 7B1-7B4   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Tchurikov et al., 1982)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	1-20.0 (Neel, 1942, Mickey, 1963) 1-20.2 (Fahmy and Fahmy, 1959)
Left of (cM)	sn (Johnson and Judd, 1979)
Right of (cM)	ctp (Phillis et al., 1994) cm (Johnson and Judd, 1979) l(1)air7 (Nicklas and Cline, 1983)
Notes	The interval between ct and cm or ct and sn is that between ct6 and either cm or sn. ctkf-2 (the most distal locus in this study) maps 0.04 units to the left of ct6. ctn maps 0.007 units to the left of ct6, and ctK maps 0.16 units to the right of ct6. The lethal ct alleles used in this study map as a cluster approximately 0.07 units to the right of ctK. (Johnson and Judd, 1979) ct14-95-1D and ct20-135 map to the right of ct6. (Schalet, 1986)
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\ct for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) ct-RA FBtr0071068  NM_080025   10438   2175 ct-RB FBtr0071069  NM_167130   2518   257 ct-RC FBtr0114613  NM_001144702   11062   2383 ct-RD FBtr0305134     10728   2165
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	8.2 (compiled cDNA) (Blochlinger et al., 1988)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein ct-PA   FBpp0071026   233.6   2175   5.31     NP_524764   AAF46264 ct-PB   FBpp0071027   27.3   257   3.81     NP_727194   AAN09213 ct-PC   FBpp0113105   256.6   2383   5.17     NP_001138174   ACL82906 ct-PD   FBpp0293664   233.4   2165   5.33
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	2175 (aa); 240 (kD predicted) (Blochlinger et al., 1988) 320, 280 (kD observed) (Blochlinger et al., 1990) 320, 280 (kD) (Blochlinger et al., 1991)
Comments	g1345461 contains only the homeodomain. (FlyBase, 1992-) ct protein positively regulates its own expression. (Blochlinger et al., 1991, Blochlinger et al., 1991) When the complete ct coding sequence is expressed under the control of a heat shock promoter, 320 kD and 280 kD bands are observed on a Western blot. The same two protein sizes are detected in Western blots of wild type embryos. (Blochlinger et al., 1990)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Homeobox, conserved site (IPR017970) Homeobox (IPR001356) Homeodomain protein CUT (IPR003350) Homeodomain-like (IPR009057) Homeodomain-related (IPR012287) Lambda repressor-like, DNA-binding (IPR010982)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE014298 AAF46264   AE014298 AAN09213   AE014298 ACL82906   AF363627   AF369916   AI113996   AQ073197   AW940371   AY094700 AAM11053   AY095065 AAM11393   AY863482   AY863483   AY863484   AY863485   AY863486   AY863487   AY863488   AY863489   AY863490   AY863491   AY863492   AY863493   AY863494   AY863495   AY863496   AY863497   AY863498   AY863499   AY863500   AY863501   AY863502   AY863503   AY863504   AY925631   AY925632   AY925633   AY925634   AY925635   AY925636   AY925637   AY925638   AY925639   AY925640   AY925641   AY925642   AY925643   AY925644   AY925645   AY925646   AY925647   AY925648   AY925649   AY925650   AY925651   AY925652   AY925653   AY925654   AY925655   AY925656   AY925657   AY925658   AY925659   AY925660   AY925661   AY925662   AY925663   AY925664   AY925665   AY925666   AY925667   AY925668   AY925669   AY925670   AY925671   AY925672   AY925673   AY925674   AY925675   AY925676   AY925677   AY925678   AY925679   AY925680   AY925681   AY925682   AY925683   AY925684   AY925685   AY925686   AY925687   AY925688   AY925689   AY925690   AY925691   AY925692   AY925693   AY925694   AY925695   AY925696   AY925697   AY925698   AY925699   AY925700   AY925701   AY925702   AY925703   AY925704   AY925705   AY925706   AY925707   AY925708   AY925709   AY925710   AY925711   AY925712   AY925713   AY925714   AY925715   AY925716   AY925717   AY925718   AY925719   AY925720   AY925721   AY925722   AY925723   AY925724   AY925725   AY925726   AY925727   AY925728   AY925729   AY925730   AY925731   AY925732   AY925733   AY925734   BI167916   BI364017   BI484070   CO154721   CO261864   CO263523   CO276528   CO276716   CO293265   CO295084   CO296611   CO306276   CO308106   CO318113   CO332923   CO338581   CO340914   CZ473749   CZ473750   EC062318   EC074112   EC075752   EC077274   EC079943   EC085262   EC086673   EC087084   EC209044   EC216674   EC219689   EC219690   EC226547   EC232043   EC238745   EC243567   EC252122   EC260269   EC265609   EC266239   EL874856   EL874980   EL875085   U89926   U90540   U96440   X07985 CAA30794
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P10180
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q8SWV1 Q8SXB8 B7Z0Y0
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References protein binding site FBsf0000160409 X:7,424,494..7,424,520 bound_moiety=sd-XP evidence=experimental (Guss et al., 2001, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000160410 X:7,424,594..7,424,610 bound_moiety=sd-XP evidence=experimental (Guss et al., 2001, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000160411 X:7,424,390..7,424,403 bound_moiety=sd-XP evidence=experimental (Guss et al., 2001, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000160412 X:7,424,473..7,424,487 bound_moiety=sd-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2004, Guss et al., 2001) protein binding site FBsf0000160413 X:7,424,692..7,424,701 bound_moiety=sd-XP evidence=experimental (Guss et al., 2001, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000160414 X:7,424,821..7,424,843 bound_moiety=sd-XP evidence=experimental (Guss et al., 2001, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000160415 X:7,424,422..7,424,433 bound_moiety=sd-XP evidence=experimental (Guss et al., 2001, Bergman et al., 2004)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 11 -- 17   Malpighian tubule   (Blochlinger et al., 1990) Comment:reference states >5-6 hr AEL embryonic/larval anterior spiracle | surrounding   (Blochlinger et al., 1990) Comment:reference states >5-6 hr AEL embryonic/larval posterior spiracle | surrounding   (Blochlinger et al., 1990) Comment:reference states >5-6 hr AEL external sensory organ   (Blochlinger et al., 1990) Comment:reference states >5-6 hr AEL embryonic stage 12 -- 17   presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system | restricted   (Blochlinger et al., 1990) Comment:reference states >6-7 hr AEL northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage     (Blochlinger et al., 1988) pupal stage     (Blochlinger et al., 1988) adult stage   adult head   (Blochlinger et al., 1988)   (Blochlinger et al., 1988)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   chordotonal organ   (Blochlinger et al., 1991) external sensory organ   (Blochlinger et al., 1991) imaginal tracheoblast   (Blochlinger et al., 1991) immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   external sensory organ   (Blochlinger et al., 1988) embryonic stage 10 -- 11   des2 neuron   (Blochlinger et al., 1990) Comment:reference states 5-6 hr AEL les3 neuron   (Blochlinger et al., 1990) Comment:reference states 5-6 hr AEL v'es2 neuron   (Blochlinger et al., 1990) Comment:reference states 5-6 hr AEL v'es3 neuron   (Blochlinger et al., 1990) Comment:reference states 5-6 hr AEL embryonic stage 10 -- 12   Malpighian tubule primordium   (Jack and Myette, 1999) embryonic stage 10 -- 17   embryonic Malpighian tubule   (Ainsworth et al., 2000) embryonic stage 11   desC neuron   (Blochlinger et al., 1990) Comment:reference states 6-7 hr AEL desD neuron   (Blochlinger et al., 1990) Comment:reference states 6-7 hr AEL embryonic stage 11 -- 17   Malpighian tubule   (Blochlinger et al., 1990) Comment:reference states >5-6 hr AEL embryonic/larval anterior spiracle | surrounding   (Blochlinger et al., 1990) Comment:reference states >5-6 hr AEL embryonic/larval posterior spiracle | surrounding   (Blochlinger et al., 1990) Comment:reference states >5-6 hr AEL external sensory organ   (Blochlinger et al., 1990) Comment:reference states >5-6 hr AEL embryonic stage 12   desB neuron   (Blochlinger et al., 1990) Comment:reference states 8 hr AEL lesA neuron   (Blochlinger et al., 1990) Comment:reference states 8 hr AEL lesB neuron   (Blochlinger et al., 1990) Comment:reference states 8 hr AEL lesC neuron   (Blochlinger et al., 1990) Comment:reference states 8 hr AEL v'esA neuron   (Blochlinger et al., 1990) Comment:reference states 8 hr AEL vesC neuron   (Blochlinger et al., 1990) Comment:reference states 8 hr AEL embryonic stage 12 -- 13   Malpighian tubule main body primordium   (Jack and Myette, 1999) embryonic stage 12 -- 17   presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system | restricted   (Blochlinger et al., 1990) Comment:reference states >6-7 hr AEL embryonic stage 13   vesC neuron   (Blochlinger et al., 1990) Comment:10 hr AEL v'esB neuron   (Blochlinger et al., 1990) Comment:reference states 10 hr AEL vesB neuron   (Blochlinger et al., 1990) Comment:reference states 10 hr AEL embryonic stage 14   embryonic Malpighian tubule   • nucleus (Liu et al., 1991) presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system   • nucleus (Liu et al., 1991) embryonic/larval anterior spiracle   • nucleus (Liu et al., 1991) embryonic/larval posterior spiracle   • nucleus (Liu et al., 1991) external sensory organ   • nucleus (Liu et al., 1991) embryonic hindgut   • nucleus (Liu et al., 1991) antenno-maxillary complex   • nucleus (Liu et al., 1991) embryonic stage 14 -- 16   embryonic Malpighian tubule   (Jack and Myette, 1999) embryonic stage 16   external sensory organ   • nucleus (Orgogozo et al., 2004) embryonic Malpighian tubule   (Wan et al., 2000) dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaA   (Grueber et al., 2003) dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaB   (Grueber et al., 2003) dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC   (Grueber et al., 2003) abdominal dorsal bipolar neuron dbp   (Grueber et al., 2003) external sensory organ | subset   (Grueber et al., 2003) lateral multidendritic neuron ldaA   (Grueber et al., 2003) lateral multidendritic neuron ldaB   (Grueber et al., 2003) abdominal anterior ventral multidendritic neuron vdaa   (Grueber et al., 2003) abdominal ventral multidendritic neuron v'dap   (Grueber et al., 2003) ventral multidendritic neuron vdaA   (Grueber et al., 2003) ventral multidendritic neuron vdaB   (Grueber et al., 2003) ventral multidendritic neuron vdaC   (Grueber et al., 2003) ventral multidendritic neuron vdaD   (Grueber et al., 2003) abdominal ventral bipolar neuron vbp   (Grueber et al., 2003) larval stage   wing disc | dorsal/ventral compartment boundary   (Bajpai et al., 2004) mesothoracic tergum primordium   (Bajpai et al., 2004) larval stage -- adult stage   cone cell   (Blochlinger et al., 1993) third instar larval stage   adepithelial cell   (Blochlinger et al., 1993) wing disc | restricted   (Blochlinger et al., 1993) ventral thoracic disc | restricted   (Blochlinger et al., 1993) pioneer neuron | precursor   (Blochlinger et al., 1993) myoblast & mesothoracic tergum | proximal   (Sudarsan et al., 2001) myoblast & mesothoracic tergum | distal   (Sudarsan et al., 2001) prepupal stage P1 -- P2   chemosensory sensory organ | precursor of wing disc   (Blochlinger et al., 1993) Comment:reference states 0-2 hr APF prepupal stage P3   pioneer neuron | precursor   (Blochlinger et al., 1993) Comment:reference states 3 hr APF chemosensory sensory organ of wing disc   (Blochlinger et al., 1993) Comment:reference states 6 hr APF pupal stage P5(ii)   antennal lobe projection neuron adPN | subset   (Komiyama and Luo, 2007) antennal lobe projection neuron lPN | subset   (Komiyama and Luo, 2007) antennal lobe projection neuron vPN   (Komiyama and Luo, 2007) pupal stage P6   microchaeta   (Blochlinger et al., 1993) Comment:24 hr APF macrochaeta   (Blochlinger et al., 1993) Comment:24 hr APF interommatidial bristle | precursor   (Blochlinger et al., 1993) Comment:reference states 24 hr APF adult stage   adult muscle system   (Blochlinger et al., 1993) Malpighian tubule   (Blochlinger et al., 1993) cortex of medulla   (Blochlinger et al., 1993) lobula plate cortex   (Blochlinger et al., 1993) antennal lobe projection neuron adPN | subset   (Komiyama and Luo, 2007) antennal lobe projection neuron lPN | subset   (Komiyama and Luo, 2007) adult antennal lobe projection neuron DM1 lPN   (Komiyama and Luo, 2007) adult antennal lobe projection neuron DM2 lPN   (Komiyama and Luo, 2007) adult antennal lobe projection neuron vPN   (Komiyama and Luo, 2007) adult antennal lobe projection neuron VA1lm vPN   (Komiyama and Luo, 2007) adult antennal lobe projection neuron DA1 vPN   (Komiyama and Luo, 2007) adult stageoogenesis stage S2 -- S14   follicle cell   (Blochlinger et al., 1993) western blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 11 -- 17     (Blochlinger et al., 1990) Comment:reference states >6 hr AEL
Additional Descriptive Data
	Within a simple external sensory organ, the nuclei of the tormogen and trichogen cells express ct protein strongly, while the thecogen cells and neurons are not consistently labeled. (Blochlinger et al., 1991, Blochlinger et al., 1988) The Malpighian tubule cells are alocated and evert from the embryonic hindgut during extended germband stage. From this stage on protein is detected in the tubule cells. (Ainsworth et al., 2000) ct protein accumulation from larval through adult stages was studied by immunolocalization. ct protein is found in diverse tissues, including the wing and leg discs, muscle, ovarian follicle cells, and the central nervous system. In many tissues, ct protein is expressed in a subset of cells. In many cases, it is found in precursors, and persists in differentiated cells. In the third instar larval wing disc, ct protein is first detected in regions corresponding to the prospective notum, wing blade, and wing hinge. In the first 2 hours of puparium formation, ct protein expression is detected in the distal anterior wing margin where, by 6 hours, ct protein is detected in the chemosensory organ cells. At 24 hours of pupariat on, expression is also detected in macrochaetae and microchaetae of the notum. The prospective wing margin stains from third larval instar through 24 hours of pupa formation. Regions of the leg disc which will give rise to the tarsus and to pioneer neurons express ct protein from third larval instar through 3 hour pupae. Malpighian tubules, ovarian follicle cells from stage S2 to S14, larval adepithelial cells and adult muscles of the thorax, head and abdomen are among tissues which express ct protein. Structures of the adult head which express ct protein include the cortex of medulla and lobulla, and the neuropil. The interommatidial bristle precursors and cone cell precursors of 24 hour pupal eye discs, and adult cone cells also contain ct protein. (Blochlinger et al., 1993) On a Western blot, the 280 kD ct protein is first detected in 6-9 hour embryos, and persists through the rest of embryogenesis. (Blochlinger et al., 1990) In the 5-6 hour embryo, ct protein is expressed in sensory precursor cells, which will give rise to the external sensory organs. ct protein appears in many putative external sensory organ precursors in 5-10 hour embryos, starting with the position of the double innervated sensillum trichoideum and sensillum campaniformium (des2 and v\'es2) in abdominal segments, and the basiconical sensilla (les3, v\'es3) in the thoracic segments. In most external sensory organs at late embryogenesis, the trichogen and tormogen label more intensely for ct protein than the neuron and thecogen. Some CNS cells, the Malpighian tubules, and cells surrounding the anterior and posterior spiracles express ct protein starting at 5-7 hours of embryogensis. (Blochlinger et al., 1990) ct is expressed in approximately 8 adPNs, 8 lPNs and all vPNs in adults. (Komiyama and Luo, 2007) ct protein is expressed in all cells after heat shock in cths.P flies. Ectopically expressed ct protein leads to expression of endogenous ct protein in chordotonal organ precursors and the expression is maintained in their progeny. This leads to the morphologic and antigenic transformation of chordotonal organs into external sensory organs. In cuths.P embryos, expression is also seen in an expanded domain of tracheal histoblasts. (Blochlinger et al., 1991) While the protein is detected in all myoblasts in the developing wing notum the expression is lower in the proximal region that overlaps vg expression and is high in the distal region where vg is not expressed. (Sudarsan et al., 2001) All external sensory organs of the embryo, including the antenno-maxillary complex and the external sensory organs in the spiracles, express ct protein. Staining is visible before morphological differentiation of cells of the external sensory organs at stage 11-12 of embryogenesis. Additional tissues which express the ct protein include some neurons with multiple dendritic arborizations, and cells lining the Malpighian tubules. (Blochlinger et al., 1988) On a Western blot, the 320 kD ct protein is first detected in 6-9 hour embryos, and persists through the rest of embryogenesis. (Blochlinger et al., 1990)
Marker for
	external sensory organ precursor cell IIa external sensory organ precursor cell IIIb cone cell embryonic Malpighian tubule sensory organ cell, external sensory organ precursor cell thecogen cell
Subcellular Localization
CV Term	nucleus (Blochlinger et al., 1988)
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0004198    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0004198 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed within 12-18 embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0004198 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    8 embryo 02-04hr    57 embryo 04-06hr    190 embryo 06-08hr    743 embryo 08-10hr    942 embryo 10-12hr    925 embryo 12-14hr    1172 embryo 14-16hr    1452 embryo 16-18hr    1141 embryo 18-20hr    1124 embryo 20-22hr    670 embryo 22-24hr    625 larva L1    706 larva L2    299 larva L3 12hr old    283 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    144 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    413 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    415 white prepupae new    513 white prepupae 12hr    667 white prepupae 24hr    1040 pupae 2d postWPP    598 pupae 3d postWPP    347 pupae 4d postWPP    322 adult male 01day    373 adult male 05day    421 adult male 30day    448 adult female 01day    314 adult female 05day    124 adult female 30day    150 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    8 embryo 02-04hr    57 embryo 04-06hr  (190) embryo 06-08hr  (743) embryo 08-10hr  (942) embryo 10-12hr  (925) embryo 12-14hr  (1172) embryo 14-16hr  (1452) embryo 16-18hr  (1141) embryo 18-20hr  (1124) embryo 20-22hr  (670) embryo 22-24hr  (625) larva L1  (706) larva L2  (299) larva L3 12hr old  (283) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (144) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (413) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (415) white prepupae new  (513) white prepupae 12hr  (667) white prepupae 24hr  (1040) pupae 2d postWPP  (598) pupae 3d postWPP  (347) pupae 4d postWPP  (322) adult male 01day  (373) adult male 05day  (421) adult male 30day  (448) adult female 01day  (314) adult female 05day  (124) adult female 30day  (150) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    8 embryo 02-04hr    57 embryo 04-06hr    190 embryo 06-08hr    743 embryo 08-10hr    942 embryo 10-12hr    925 embryo 12-14hr    1172 embryo 14-16hr  1452 embryo 16-18hr    1141 embryo 18-20hr    1124 embryo 20-22hr    670 embryo 22-24hr    625 larva L1    706 larva L2    299 larva L3 12hr old    283 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    144 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    413 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    415 white prepupae new    513 white prepupae 12hr    667 white prepupae 24hr    1040 pupae 2d postWPP    598 pupae 3d postWPP    347 pupae 4d postWPP    322 adult male 01day    373 adult male 05day    421 adult male 30day    448 adult female 01day    314 adult female 05day    124 adult female 30day    150 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    8 embryo 02-04hr    57 embryo 04-06hr    190 embryo 06-08hr    743 embryo 08-10hr    942 embryo 10-12hr    925 embryo 12-14hr    1172 embryo 14-16hr    1452 embryo 16-18hr    1141 embryo 18-20hr    1124 embryo 20-22hr    670 embryo 22-24hr    625 larva L1    706 larva L2    299 larva L3 12hr old    283 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    144 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    413 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    415 white prepupae new    513 white prepupae 12hr    667 white prepupae 24hr    1040 pupae 2d postWPP    598 pupae 3d postWPP    347 pupae 4d postWPP    322 adult male 01day    373 adult male 05day    421 adult male 30day    448 adult female 01day    314 adult female 05day    124 adult female 30day    150 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    8 embryo 02-04hr    57 embryo 04-06hr    190 embryo 06-08hr    743 embryo 08-10hr    942 embryo 10-12hr    925 embryo 12-14hr    1172 embryo 14-16hr    1452 embryo 16-18hr    1141 embryo 18-20hr    1124 embryo 20-22hr    670 embryo 22-24hr    625 larva L1    706 larva L2    299 larva L3 12hr old    283 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    144 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    413 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    415 white prepupae new    513 white prepupae 12hr    667 white prepupae 24hr    1040 pupae 2d postWPP    598 pupae 3d postWPP    347 pupae 4d postWPP    322 adult male 01day    373 adult male 05day    421 adult male 30day    448 adult female 01day    314 adult female 05day    124 adult female 30day    150 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0004198 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    8 embryo 02-04hr    57 embryo 04-06hr    190 embryo 06-08hr    743 embryo 08-10hr    942 embryo 10-12hr    925 embryo 12-14hr    1172 embryo 14-16hr    1452 embryo 16-18hr    1141 embryo 18-20hr    1124 embryo 20-22hr    670 embryo 22-24hr    625 larva L1    706 larva L2    299 larva L3 12hr old    283 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    144 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    413 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    415 white prepupae new    513 white prepupae 12hr    667 white prepupae 24hr    1040 pupae 2d postWPP    598 pupae 3d postWPP    347 pupae 4d postWPP    322 adult male 01day    373 adult male 05day    421 adult male 30day    448 adult female 01day    314 adult female 05day    124 adult female 30day    150 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    8 embryo 02-04hr    57 embryo 04-06hr  (190) embryo 06-08hr  (743) embryo 08-10hr  (942) embryo 10-12hr  (925) embryo 12-14hr  (1172) embryo 14-16hr  (1452) embryo 16-18hr  (1141) embryo 18-20hr  (1124) embryo 20-22hr  (670) embryo 22-24hr  (625) larva L1  (706) larva L2  (299) larva L3 12hr old  (283) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (144) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (413) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (415) white prepupae new  (513) white prepupae 12hr  (667) white prepupae 24hr  (1040) pupae 2d postWPP  (598) pupae 3d postWPP  (347) pupae 4d postWPP  (322) adult male 01day  (373) adult male 05day  (421) adult male 30day  (448) adult female 01day  (314) adult female 05day  124 adult female 30day  (150) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    8 embryo 02-04hr    57 embryo 04-06hr    190 embryo 06-08hr    743 embryo 08-10hr    942 embryo 10-12hr    925 embryo 12-14hr    1172 embryo 14-16hr  1452 embryo 16-18hr    1141 embryo 18-20hr    1124 embryo 20-22hr    670 embryo 22-24hr    625 larva L1    706 larva L2    299 larva L3 12hr old    283 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    144 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    413 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    415 white prepupae new    513 white prepupae 12hr    667 white prepupae 24hr    1040 pupae 2d postWPP    598 pupae 3d postWPP    347 pupae 4d postWPP    322 adult male 01day    373 adult male 05day    421 adult male 30day    448 adult female 01day    314 adult female 05day    124 adult female 30day    150 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    8 embryo 02-04hr    57 embryo 04-06hr    190 embryo 06-08hr    743 embryo 08-10hr    942 embryo 10-12hr    925 embryo 12-14hr    1172 embryo 14-16hr    1452 embryo 16-18hr    1141 embryo 18-20hr    1124 embryo 20-22hr    670 embryo 22-24hr    625 larva L1    706 larva L2    299 larva L3 12hr old    283 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    144 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    413 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    415 white prepupae new    513 white prepupae 12hr    667 white prepupae 24hr    1040 pupae 2d postWPP    598 pupae 3d postWPP    347 pupae 4d postWPP    322 adult male 01day    373 adult male 05day    421 adult male 30day    448 adult female 01day    314 adult female 05day    124 adult female 30day    150 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    8 embryo 02-04hr    57 embryo 04-06hr    190 embryo 06-08hr    743 embryo 08-10hr    942 embryo 10-12hr    925 embryo 12-14hr    1172 embryo 14-16hr    1452 embryo 16-18hr    1141 embryo 18-20hr    1124 embryo 20-22hr    670 embryo 22-24hr    625 larva L1    706 larva L2    299 larva L3 12hr old    283 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    144 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    413 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    415 white prepupae new    513 white prepupae 12hr    667 white prepupae 24hr    1040 pupae 2d postWPP    598 pupae 3d postWPP    347 pupae 4d postWPP    322 adult male 01day    373 adult male 05day    421 adult male 30day    448 adult female 01day    314 adult female 05day    124 adult female 30day    150 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0004198    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0004198 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult central nervous system, larval/adult Malpighian tubules. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0004198 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    116.975 Larval Midgut    1.4 Larval Hindgut    8.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    222.5 Larval Fat Body    8.1 Larval Salivary Gland    77.1 Larval Trachea    57.975 Larval Carcass    27.825 Adult Head    15.8 Adult Eye    38.125 Adult Brain    163 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    113.3 Adult Crop    7.5 Adult Midgut    2.5 Adult Hindgut    11.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    133.5 Adult Fat Body    24.1 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    13.275 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    28.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult Ovary    9.6 Adult Testis    2.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    116.975 Larval Midgut    1.4 Larval Hindgut    8.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    222.5 Larval Fat Body    8.1 Larval Salivary Gland    77.1 Larval Trachea    57.975 Larval Carcass    27.825 Adult Head    15.8 Adult Eye    38.125 Adult Brain    163 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    113.3 Adult Crop    7.5 Adult Midgut    2.5 Adult Hindgut    11.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    133.5 Adult Fat Body    24.1 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    13.275 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    28.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult Ovary    9.6 Adult Testis    2.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    116.975 Larval Midgut    1.4 Larval Hindgut    8.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    222.5 Larval Fat Body    8.1 Larval Salivary Gland    77.1 Larval Trachea    57.975 Larval Carcass    27.825 Adult Head    15.8 Adult Eye    38.125 Adult Brain    163 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    113.3 Adult Crop    7.5 Adult Midgut    2.5 Adult Hindgut    11.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    133.5 Adult Fat Body    24.1 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    13.275 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    28.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult Ovary    9.6 Adult Testis    2.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    116.975 Larval Midgut    1.4 Larval Hindgut    8.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    222.5 Larval Fat Body    8.1 Larval Salivary Gland    77.1 Larval Trachea    57.975 Larval Carcass    27.825 Adult Head    15.8 Adult Eye    38.125 Adult Brain    163 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    113.3 Adult Crop    7.5 Adult Midgut    2.5 Adult Hindgut    11.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    133.5 Adult Fat Body    24.1 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    13.275 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    28.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult Ovary    9.6 Adult Testis    2.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0004198 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    116.975 Larval Midgut    1.4 Larval Hindgut    8.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    222.5 Larval Fat Body    8.1 Larval Salivary Gland    77.1 Larval Trachea    57.975 Larval Carcass    27.825 Adult Head    15.8 Adult Eye    38.125 Adult Brain    163 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    113.3 Adult Crop    7.5 Adult Midgut    2.5 Adult Hindgut    11.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    133.5 Adult Fat Body    24.1 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    13.275 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    28.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult Ovary    9.6 Adult Testis    2.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    116.975 Larval Midgut    1.4 Larval Hindgut    8.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    222.5 Larval Fat Body    8.1 Larval Salivary Gland    77.1 Larval Trachea    57.975 Larval Carcass    27.825 Adult Head    15.8 Adult Eye    38.125 Adult Brain    163 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    113.3 Adult Crop    7.5 Adult Midgut    2.5 Adult Hindgut    11.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    133.5 Adult Fat Body    24.1 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    13.275 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    28.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult Ovary    9.6 Adult Testis    2.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    116.975 Larval Midgut    1.4 Larval Hindgut    8.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    222.5 Larval Fat Body    8.1 Larval Salivary Gland    77.1 Larval Trachea    57.975 Larval Carcass    27.825 Adult Head    15.8 Adult Eye    38.125 Adult Brain    163 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    113.3 Adult Crop    7.5 Adult Midgut    2.5 Adult Hindgut    11.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    133.5 Adult Fat Body    24.1 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    13.275 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    28.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult Ovary    9.6 Adult Testis    2.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    116.975 Larval Midgut    1.4 Larval Hindgut    8.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    222.5 Larval Fat Body    8.1 Larval Salivary Gland    77.1 Larval Trachea    57.975 Larval Carcass    27.825 Adult Head    15.8 Adult Eye    38.125 Adult Brain    163 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    113.3 Adult Crop    7.5 Adult Midgut    2.5 Adult Hindgut    11.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    133.5 Adult Fat Body    24.1 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    13.275 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    28.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult Ovary    9.6 Adult Testis    2.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    15.8   NA  Eye    38.125   NA  Brain    163   116.975  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    113.3   NA  Crop    7.5   1.4  Midgut    2.5   8.3  Hindgut    11.6   222.5  Malpighian Tubules    133.5   8.1  Fat Body    24.1   77.1  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    13.275   57.975  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    28.2   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    no informative data   NA  Ovary    9.6   NA  Testis    2.4   NA  Male Accessory Gland    no informative data   27.825  Carcass    no informative data modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_11
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0004198 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG11387-RB;HDC17859 FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for ct Stages(s) 7-8 Stages(s) 9-10 Stages(s) 11-12 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele cell lethal | germline clone ctkf-3 lethal ct149 ct152 ct161 ctC145 ctcl ctdb1 ctdb2 ctdb3 ctdb4 ctdb5 ctdb6 ctdb7 ctdb8 ctdb10 ctdb11 ctdb12 ctdb13 cths.PB ctJ7 ctJA124 ctJC20 ctK ctL1 ctL5 ctL27 ctL39 ctL65 ctlS1 ctlS2 ctRC26 ctYE118 lethal | embryonic stage ctL1 lethal | embryonic stage | recessive ctC145 ctEH245 ctkf-3 ctL1 lethal | larval stage | recessive ctK ctL39 lethal | male ctJ1 ctJ2 ctJ3 ctJ5 ctJ8 ctJ9 ctJ10 ctJ11 ctJ12 ctJ13 ctJ14 ctJ15 ctJ16 lethal | male | recessive ct62f lethal | partially ctJC20 lethal | recessive ct2c1 ct2s ct3a2 ct4c1 ct6a1 ct7a1 ct7b2 ct7c1 ct10a1 ct11a ct12a1 ct12a2 ct12c1 ct12c2 ct13a1 ct13b1 ct14-95-1D ct14a2 ct14a3 ct14b2 ct20-135 ct28:27A ct43aH1 ct62f ct268-1 ct268-2 ct268-3 ct268-5 ct268-6 ct268-13 ct268-15 ct268-17 ct268-18 ct268-20 ct268-21 ct268-23 ct268-24 ct268-26 ct268-27 ct268-31 ct268-32 ct268-33 ct268-35 ct268-36 ct268-37 ct268-38 ct268-39 ct268-40 ct268-41 ct268-42 ct546-1 ctA45.3 ctB25.3 ctB60.6 ctB75.1 ctC145 ctD38.1 ctD45.1 ctdb7 ctdb9 ctHA46 ctJ1 ctJ2 ctJ3 ctJ5 ctJ8 ctJ9 ctJ10 ctJ11 ctJ12 ctJ13 ctJ14 ctJ15 ctJ16 ctJ20.4 ctJA11 ctJA109 ctL7 ctL13 ctL23 ctL25 ctL27 ctL31 ctL33 ctL35 ctL36 ctL37 ctL41 ctL47 ctL49 ctL51 ctL53 ctL55 ctL57 ctL59 ctL61 ctL67 ctL221 ctL242 ctL857 ctl ctlS2 ctMR4 ctMRl1 ctMRl8 ctMRl15 ctMRl37 ctMRlA1 ctMRlA12 ctMRlB1 ctMRlE1 ctMRlK1 ctMRlL2 ctMRlL46 ctMRlLD1 ctPG142 ctRA4 ctS-2 ctS-5 ctS-7 ctS-8 ctU-2 ctU-3 ctU-10 ctW1 ctW2 ctW3 ctXM31 lethal | recessive | cold sensitive ctL188 semi-lethal ctJ7 semi-lethal | larval stage | male ct10c1 viable ct2s ct6 ct15b4 ct62a ct71j ct83h ctJC20 ctK ctkf-2 ctL32 ctL188 ctn4 ctn63 ctn ctns ctSo viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 ctGD1237 viable | female | reduced ct3 viable | male | reduced ctK viable | poor ctkf-1 viable | reduced ct50e ct71g ctcl Sterility Allele female sterile | recessive ct13 fertile ct62a ct71j ctK ctlS2 ctn4 ctn63 fertile | reduced ct50e ct71g male sterile ct9b2 ct10c1 Other Phenotypes Allele auditory perception defective | somatic clone ctC145 behavior defective ctkf-1 body color defective ct9b2 decreased cell number | somatic clone ctdb7 eye color defective ctkf-1 gravitaxis behavior defective ct6 increased cell size | somatic clone ctC145 locomotor rhythm defective, with Scer\GAL4clh201 ctScer\UAS.cPa mitotic cell cycle defective, with Scer\GAL4Scer\FRT.Rnor\CD2.Act5C ctScer\UAS.cPa mitotic cell cycle defective | somatic clone ctdb7 neuroanatomy defective ctdb3 ctdb7 neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4109(2)80, Scer\GAL4IG1-2 ctScer\UAS.cPa neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4221 ctScer\UAS.cPa neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4clh201 ctScer\UAS.cPa neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4GH146 ctScer\UAS.cPa neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4ppk.PG ctScer\UAS.cPa neuroanatomy defective | somatic clone ctC145 neurophysiology defective | somatic clone ctC145 planar polarity defective, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 ctGD1237 visible ct2s ct3 ct6 ct9b2 ct10c1 ct53d ct71g ct71j ctK ctkf-1 ctMR2 ctMRpN1 ctn visible, with Scer\GAL4bbg-C96 ctScer\UAS.cPa visible, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 ctScer\UAS.cLa visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 ctGD1237 visible, with Scer\GAL4vg.PM ctdsRNA.cGa.Scer\UAS visible | recessive ct1 ct2c1 ct2s ct3a2 ct4c1 ct4s ct6 ct7b2 ct7c1 ct10a1 ct11a ct12a1 ct12a2 ct12c2 ct13 ct13a1 ct13b1 ct14a2 ct14a3 ct14b2 ct46l ct53d ct62a ct71g ct71j ct78a ct81:1 ctkf-1 ctkf-MR1 ctkf-MR2 ctkf-MR3 ctL10 ctL18 ctL20 ctL30 ctL32 ctL34 ctL44 ctL60 ctL62 ctL64 ctMR2 ctMR2a ctMR4 ctMR7 ctMR8 ctMR9 ctMR10 ctMR10a ctMR11 ctMR12 ctMR13 ctMR14 ctMR15 ctMR16 ctMR17 ctMRn1 ctMRpD ctMRpN1a ctMRpN1c ctMRpN6 ctMRpN7 ctMRpN10 ctMRpN16 ctMRpN17 ctMRpN19 ctMRpN20 ctMRpN20a ctMRpN22 ctMRpN23 ctMRpN24 ctMRpN25 ctMRpN26 ctMRpN30 ctMRwR ctn2s ctn4 ctn63 ctn ctns ctpN2s ctSo visible | somatic clone ctC145 wild-type ct+178 ct+D Phenotype manifest in Allele abdominal 1 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5, with Scer\GAL4h-1J3 ctScer\UAS.cLa abdominal 2 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5, with Scer\GAL4h-1J3 ctScer\UAS.cLa abdominal 3 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5, with Scer\GAL4h-1J3 ctScer\UAS.cLa abdominal 4 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5, with Scer\GAL4h-1J3 ctScer\UAS.cLa abdominal 5 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5, with Scer\GAL4h-1J3 ctScer\UAS.cLa abdominal 6 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5, with Scer\GAL4h-1J3 ctScer\UAS.cLa abdominal 7 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5, with Scer\GAL4h-1J3 ctScer\UAS.cLa abdominal posterior ventral multidendritic neuron vdap, with Scer\GAL4221 ctScer\UAS.cPa adepithelial cell of dorsal mesothoracic disc, with Scer\GAL41151 ctScer\UAS.cLa adult antennal lobe projection neuron DA1 vPN ctdb3 adult antennal lobe projection neuron DA1 vPN | somatic clone ctC145 adult antennal lobe projection neuron DM1 lPN ctdb3 adult antennal lobe projection neuron DM1 lPN | somatic clone ctC145 adult antennal lobe projection neuron DM2 lPN ctdb3 adult antennal lobe projection neuron DM2 lPN | somatic clone ctC145 adult antennal lobe projection neuron DM5 lPN ctdb3 adult antennal lobe projection neuron DM5 lPN | somatic clone ctC145 adult antennal lobe projection neuron VA5 lPN ctdb3 adult antennal lobe projection neuron VA5 lPN | somatic clone ctC145 adult head ct6 ctL32 adult spiracle ctK antenna ct1 ct10a1 ct10c1 ct11a ct12a2 ct12c2 ct13 ct13a1 ct13b1 ct14a2 ct14a3 ct14b2 ct2c1 ct3 ct3a2 ct4c1 ct62a ct78a ct7b2 ct7c1 antenna, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 ctScer\UAS.cLa antenna | somatic clone ctC145 antennal lobe, with Scer\GAL4GH146 ctScer\UAS.cPa antennal lobe glomerulus DM1 ctdb3 antennal lobe glomerulus DM1, with Scer\GAL4GH146 ctScer\UAS.cPa antennal lobe glomerulus DM1 | somatic clone ctC145 antennal lobe glomerulus DM2 ctdb3 antennal lobe glomerulus DM2, with Scer\GAL4GH146 ctScer\UAS.cPa antennal lobe glomerulus DM2 | somatic clone ctC145 antennal lobe glomerulus DM5 ctdb3 antennal lobe glomerulus DM5 | somatic clone ctC145 antennal lobe glomerulus VA1 lateral compartment ctdb3 antennal lobe glomerulus VA1 lateral compartment | somatic clone ctC145 antennal lobe glomerulus VA1 medial compartment ctdb3 antennal lobe glomerulus VA1 medial compartment | somatic clone ctC145 antennal lobe glomerulus VA5 ctdb3 antennal lobe glomerulus VA5 | somatic clone ctC145 antennal lobe projection neuron, with Scer\GAL4GH146 ctScer\UAS.cPa antennal lobe projection neuron vPN ctdb3 antennal lobe projection neuron vPN | somatic clone ctC145 arista ct10a1 ct11a ct12a2 ct12c2 ct13a1 ct13b1 ct14a2 ct14a3 ct14b2 ct2c1 ct3 ct3a2 ct4c1 ct7b2 ct7c1 arista, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 ctScer\UAS.cLa arista | somatic clone ctC145 central nervous system ctK chemosensory ventral triple row bristle ct6 chordotonal organ cths.PB chordotonal organ | ectopic | embryonic stage ctdb7 class IV dendritic arborizing neuron, with Scer\GAL4ppk.PG ctScer\UAS.cPa dendrite, with Scer\GAL4221 ctScer\UAS.cPa dendrite, with Scer\GAL4ppk.PG ctScer\UAS.cPa dendrite | somatic clone ctC145 dorsal double row ct6 dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaA | somatic clone ctC145 dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaB | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4109(2)80 ctScer\UAS.cPa dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC, with Scer\GAL4109(2)80 ctScer\UAS.cPa dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC, with Scer\GAL4221 ctScer\UAS.cPa dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC | somatic clone ctC145 dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaE, with Scer\GAL4109(2)80, Scer\GAL4IG1-2 ctScer\UAS.cPa dorsal triple row ctK egg chamber ctL188 cths.PB egg chamber | somatic clone ctC145 epidermal cell ctC145 external sensory organ ctC145 ctK ctL221 ctL242 ctlS2 external sensory organ | embryonic stage ctdb7 eye ct10a1 ct11a ct12a2 ct12c2 ct13a1 ct13b1 ct14a2 ct14a3 ct14b2 ct2c1 ct3 ct3a2 ct4c1 ct50e ct71g ct7b2 ct7c1 femur ct71g ctJC20 ctkf-1 ctkf-2 ctkf-MR1 ctkf-MR2 ctkf-MR3 filzkorper ctdb7 follicle cell | somatic clone ctC145 ctdb7 germarium | somatic clone ctC145 indirect flight muscle, with Scer\GAL41151 ctScer\UAS.cLa joint & antenna | somatic clone ctC145 lateral multidendritic neuron ldaB | somatic clone ctC145 leg | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 ctScer\UAS.cLa leg | ectopic | somatic clone ctC145 macrochaeta ctK macrochaeta & wing ct46l ctL32 Malpighian tubule ctC145 ctK mechanosensory chaeta | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4sca-P309 ctScer\UAS.cLa mechanosensory ventral triple row bristle ct6 medial triple row ct6 ctK multidendritic dendrite | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4109(2)80 ctScer\UAS.cPa multidendritic dendrite | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4221 ctScer\UAS.cPa multidendritic neuron ctdb7 multidendritic neuron | ectopic ctdb7 multidendritic neuron | somatic clone ctC145 nurse cell ctC145 cths.PB nurse cell | somatic clone ctC145 nurse cell ring canal ctC145 oocyte nucleus cths.PB pigment cell ctkf-1 scolopidium ctC145 cths.PB scolopidium | somatic clone ctC145 scutellar bristle ctK scutellum & macrochaeta ctK scutum & macrochaeta ctK spiracular chamber ctdb7 spiracular hair ctdb7 subesophageal ganglion ctdb3 subesophageal ganglion | somatic clone ctC145 tergite ct10a1 ct11a ct12a2 ct12c2 ct13a1 ct13b1 ct14a2 ct14a3 ct14b2 ct2c1 ct3 ct3a2 ct4c1 ct7b2 ct7c1 thorax ctcl ctlS2 trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 ctGD1237 triple row ctK ventral triple row ctK vibrissae ct10a1 ct10c1 ct11a ct12a2 ct12c2 ct13a1 ct13b1 ct14a2 ct14a3 ct14b2 ct2c1 ct3 ct3a2 ct4c1 ct6 ct7b2 ct7c1 ctJC20 ctK ctL1 ctL10 ctL18 ctL20 ctL30 ctL32 ctL34 ctL39 ctL44 ctL60 ctL62 wing ct1 ct10a1 ct11a ct12a2 ct12c2 ct13 ct13a1 ct13b1 ct14a2 ct14a3 ct14b2 ct2c1 ct2s ct3 ct36b ct3a2 ct46l ct4c1 ct4s ct50e ct53d ct6 ct62a ct71g ct71j ct78a ct7b2 ct7c1 ct81:1 ct9b2 ctJC20 ctK ctL1 ctL10 ctL18 ctL20 ctL30 ctL32 ctL34 ctL39 ctL44 ctL60 ctL62 ctL64 ctMR10 ctMR10a ctMR11 ctMR12 ctMR13 ctMR14 ctMR15 ctMR16 ctMR17 ctMR2 ctMR2a ctMR4 ctMR7 ctMR8 ctMR9 ctMRn1 ctMRpD ctMRpN1 ctMRpN10 ctMRpN16 ctMRpN17 ctMRpN19 ctMRpN1a ctMRpN1c ctMRpN20 ctMRpN20a ctMRpN22 ctMRpN23 ctMRpN24 ctMRpN25 ctMRpN26 ctMRpN30 ctMRpN6 ctMRpN7 ctMRwR ctSo ctkf-1 ctkf-2 ctn ctn2s ctn4 ctn63 ctns ctpN1 ctpN2s ctpN30 wing & macrochaeta | posterior ct6 wing | precursor ct6 wing blade ct2s ct6 ctK wing margin ct53d ct6 ctK wing margin, with Scer\GAL4vg.PM ctdsRNA.cGa.Scer\UAS wing margin bristle ct2s ct6 ctK wing margin bristle, with Scer\GAL4bbg-C96 ctScer\UAS.cPa wing vein ct12c1
Classical Alleles ( 313 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of ct Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion ct6 spontaneous 54 Yes ct1 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence spontaneous 11 -- ctn heat-treatment 6 Yes ctC145 loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 2 Yes ct268-42 X ray 2 -- ctK spontaneous 2 Yes ctd04137 P-element activity 1 -- ctl ethyl methanesulfonate 1 -- ctS 1 -- ctdb7 amorphic allele - genetic evidence diepoxybutane 0 Yes ct+178 spontaneous 0 Yes ct+17 0 -- ct+17a 0 -- ct+17b 0 -- ct+1 0 -- ct+35 0 -- ct+D spontaneous 0 Yes ct10 spontaneous 0 -- ct10a1 X ray 0 -- ct10c1 X ray 0 -- ct11 spontaneous 0 -- ct11a X ray 0 -- ct12a1 X ray 0 -- ct12a2 X ray 0 -- ct12c1 X ray 0 -- ct12c2 X ray 0 -- ct13 spontaneous 0 -- ct13a1 X ray 0 -- ct13a2 X ray 0 -- ct13b1 X ray 0 -- ct13K spontaneous 0 Yes ct14-95-1D spontaneous 0 -- ct149 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ct14 spontaneous 0 -- ct14a1 X ray 0 -- ct14a2 X ray 0 -- ct14a3 X ray 0 -- ct14b2 X ray 0 -- ct152 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ct15 spontaneous 0 -- ct15b4 X ray 0 -- ct161 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ct16 spontaneous 0 -- ct17 spontaneous 0 -- ct18 spontaneous 0 -- ct19 spontaneous 0 -- ct20-135 spontaneous 0 -- ct20 spontaneous 0 -- ct21 spontaneous 0 -- ct268-13 X ray 0 -- ct268-15 X ray 0 -- ct268-17 X ray 0 -- ct268-18 X ray 0 -- ct268-1 X ray 0 -- ct268-20 X ray 0 -- ct268-21 X ray 0 -- ct268-23 X ray 0 -- ct268-24 X ray 0 -- ct268-26 X ray 0 -- ct268-27 X ray 0 -- ct268-29 X ray 0 -- ct268-2 X ray 0 -- ct268-31 X ray 0 -- ct268-32 X ray 0 -- ct268-33 X ray 0 -- ct268-35 X ray 0 -- ct268-36 X ray 0 -- ct268-37 X ray 0 -- ct268-38 X ray 0 -- ct268-39 X ray 0 -- ct268-3 X ray 0 -- ct268-40 X ray 0 -- ct268-41 X ray 0 -- ct268-5 X ray 0 -- ct268-6 X ray 0 -- ct28:27A MR 0 -- ct2 spontaneous 0 -- ct2c1 X ray 0 -- ct2s P-element activity 0 Yes ct34a spontaneous 0 -- ct36b spontaneous 0 -- ct3 0 -- ct3a2 X ray 0 -- ct3b1 X ray 0 -- ct41c23 spontaneous 0 -- ct41i30 spontaneous 0 -- ct43aH1 X ray 0 -- ct46l X ray 0 Yes ct4 spontaneous 0 -- ct4c1 X ray 0 -- ct4s P-element activity 0 Yes ct50e spontaneous 0 -- ct53d ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ct546-1 P-element activity 0 -- ct5 spontaneous 0 -- ct62a radio waves 0 -- ct62f spontaneous 0 -- ct68E 0 -- ct6a1 X ray 0 -- ct71g X ray 0 Yes ct71j X ray 0 -- ct78a spontaneous 0 Yes ct7 spontaneous 0 -- ct7a1 X ray 0 -- ct7b2 X ray 0 -- ct7c1 X ray 0 -- ct81:1 spontaneous 0 Yes ct83h 0 Yes ct9b1 X ray 0 -- ct9b2 X ray 0 -- ctA45.3 IR-hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- ctB25.3 IR-hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- ctB60.6 IR-hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- ctB75.1 IR-hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- ctC75 X ray 0 -- ctcl1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ctcl2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ctcl hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 0 -- ctD38.1 IR-hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- ctD45.1 IR-hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- ctDA639 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ctdb10 diepoxybutane 0 -- ctdb11 diepoxybutane 0 -- ctdb12 diepoxybutane 0 -- ctdb13 diepoxybutane 0 -- ctdb1 diepoxybutane 0 -- ctdb2 diepoxybutane 0 Yes ctdb3 diepoxybutane 0 -- ctdb4 diepoxybutane 0 -- ctdb5 diepoxybutane 0 -- ctdb6 diepoxybutane 0 Yes ctdb8 diepoxybutane 0 -- ctdb9 diepoxybutane 0 -- ctdo-vg 0 -- cte8 0 -- ctEA127 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ctEA2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ctEC234 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ctEF404 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ctEH245 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ctEP1332 0 -- ctF928 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ctGA83 X ray 0 -- ctGA86 X ray 0 -- ctGE253 X ray 0 -- ctHA46 X ray 0 Yes ctHA79 X ray 0 -- ctHC211 X ray 0 -- ctHC265 X ray 0 -- ctHF357 X ray 0 -- ctJ10 X ray 0 -- ctJ11 X ray 0 -- ctJ12 X ray 0 -- ctJ13 X ray 0 -- ctJ14 X ray 0 -- ctJ15 X ray 0 -- ctJ16 X ray 0 -- ctJ1 X ray 0 -- ctJ20.4 IR-hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- ctJ2 X ray 0 -- ctJ3 X ray 0 -- ctJ5 X ray 0 -- ctJ7 X ray 0 -- ctJ8 X ray 0 -- ctJ9 X ray 0 -- ctJA109 X ray 0 -- ctJA11 X ray 0 -- ctJA120 X ray 0 -- ctJA124 X ray 0 -- ctJA134 X ray 0 -- ctJC20 X ray 0 Yes ctkf-1 p-N,N-di-(2-chloroethyl)amino-DL-phenylalanine 0 -- ctkf-2 spontaneous 0 Yes ctkf-3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ctkf-MR1 spontaneous 0 Yes ctkf-MR2 spontaneous 0 Yes ctkf-MR3 spontaneous 0 Yes ctL10 spontaneous 0 Yes ctL13 spontaneous 0 -- ctL188 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence transposable element activity 0 -- ctL18 spontaneous 0 Yes ctL1 spontaneous 0 Yes ctL20 spontaneous 0 Yes ctL221 0 -- ctL23 spontaneous 0 -- ctL242 0 -- ctL25 spontaneous 0 -- ctL27 spontaneous 0 -- ctL30 spontaneous 0 Yes ctL31 spontaneous 0 Yes ctL32 spontaneous 0 Yes ctL33 spontaneous 0 Yes ctL34 spontaneous 0 Yes ctL35 spontaneous 0 Yes ctL36 spontaneous 0 -- ctL37 spontaneous 0 Yes ctL39 spontaneous 0 Yes ctL41 spontaneous 0 Yes ctL44 spontaneous 0 Yes ctL45 spontaneous 0 Yes ctL47 spontaneous 0 Yes ctL49 spontaneous 0 Yes ctL51 0 -- ctL53 spontaneous 0 Yes ctL54 X ray 0 -- ctL55 spontaneous 0 -- ctL57 spontaneous 0 -- ctL59 spontaneous 0 Yes ctL5 spontaneous 0 Yes ctL60 spontaneous 0 Yes ctL61 spontaneous 0 Yes ctL62 spontaneous 0 Yes ctL64 spontaneous 0 Yes ctL65 spontaneous 0 Yes ctL67 spontaneous 0 -- ctL7 spontaneous 0 Yes ctL857 spontaneous 0 -- ctlS1 spontaneous 0 Yes ctlS2 spontaneous 0 Yes ctLS 0 -- ctMR10 spontaneous 0 -- ctMR10a spontaneous 0 -- ctMR11 spontaneous 0 -- ctMR12 spontaneous 0 -- ctMR13 spontaneous 0 -- ctMR14 spontaneous 0 -- ctMR15 spontaneous 0 -- ctMR16 spontaneous 0 -- ctMR17 spontaneous 0 -- ctMR19 0 -- ctMR21K1 spontaneous 0 Yes ctMR2 MRh12 0 Yes ctMR2a spontaneous 0 -- ctMR4 spontaneous 0 -- ctMR7 spontaneous 0 -- ctMR8 spontaneous 0 -- ctMR9 spontaneous 0 -- ctMRl15 spontaneous 0 -- ctMRl1 spontaneous 0 Yes ctMRl377 spontaneous 0 Yes ctMRl37 spontaneous 0 Yes ctMRl8 spontaneous 0 Yes ctMRlA12 spontaneous 0 Yes ctMRlA1 spontaneous 0 Yes ctMRlB1 spontaneous 0 Yes ctMRlE1 spontaneous 0 Yes ctMRlK1 hobo activity spontaneous 0 Yes ctMRlL2 spontaneous 0 Yes ctMRlL46 spontaneous 0 Yes ctMRlLD1 hobo activity spontaneous 0 Yes ctMRlLM1 spontaneous 0 Yes ctMRn1 spontaneous 0 -- ctMRn2 spontaneous 0 -- ctMRn3 spontaneous 0 -- ctMRP 0 Yes ctMRpD spontaneous 0 Yes ctMRpN10 spontaneous 0 Yes ctMRpN16 spontaneous 0 -- ctMRpN17 spontaneous 0 Yes ctMRpN19 spontaneous 0 Yes ctMRpN19a 0 -- ctMRpN1 spontaneous 0 Yes ctMRpN1a spontaneous 0 Yes ctMRpN1b spontaneous 0 -- ctMRpN1c spontaneous 0 -- ctMRpN20 spontaneous 0 Yes ctMRpN20a spontaneous 0 Yes ctMRpN22 spontaneous 0 Yes ctMRpN23 spontaneous 0 Yes ctMRpN24 spontaneous 0 Yes ctMRpN25 spontaneous 0 Yes ctMRpN26 spontaneous 0 Yes ctMRpN30 spontaneous 0 Yes ctMRpN6 spontaneous 0 -- ctMRpN7 spontaneous 0 Yes ctMRwR1 spontaneous 0 -- ctMRwR spontaneous 0 -- ctn2 spontaneous 0 -- ctn2s P-element activity 0 Yes ctn4 spontaneous 0 -- ctn63 spontaneous 0 -- ctns spontaneous 0 Yes ctP spontaneous 0 Yes ctPG142 Delta2-3 0 -- ctpN1 spontaneous 0 Yes ctpN2s P-element activity 0 Yes ctpN30 spontaneous 0 Yes ctpN34 P-element activity 0 Yes ctRA4 X ray 0 -- ctrb4 0 -- ctRC26 X ray 0 -- ctS-2 spontaneous 0 Yes ctS-5 spontaneous 0 Yes ctS-7 spontaneous 0 Yes ctS-8 spontaneous 0 Yes ctS20 X ray 0 -- ctS69 X ray 0 Yes ctS6 X ray 0 -- ctSo 0 -- cttuh spontaneous 0 -- ctU-10 spontaneous 0 Yes ctU-2 spontaneous 0 Yes ctU-3 spontaneous 0 Yes ctunspecified 0 -- ctVA109 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ctVA123 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ctVE698 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ctW1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ctW2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ctW3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ctXM31 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ctYE118 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ctYI 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of ct Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion ctGD1237 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes ctHMS00924 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes ctJF03304 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes ctScer\UAS.cPa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes ctAct5C.PC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes ctdsRNA.cGa.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes ctdsRNA.cSa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes cths.PB in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes ctScer\UAS.cLa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(1)BSC536 (Christensen et al., 2008.6.11) Df(1)BSC711 (Christensen et al., 2008.12.28) Df(1)BSC763 (Christensen et al., 2009.2.28) Df(1)ct2a2 (Lefevre and Johnson, 1973) Df(1)ct2a3 (Lefevre and Johnson, 1973) Df(1)ct4b1 (Lefevre and Johnson, 1973, Johnson and Judd, 1979, Eeken et al., 1985, Andersson and Lambertsson, 1990, Harbecke and Lengyel, 1995) Df(1)ct7a2 (Lefevre and Johnson, 1973) Df(1)ct7c2 (Lefevre and Johnson, 1973) Df(1)ct10a1 (Lefevre and Johnson, 1973) Df(1)ct10b1 (Lefevre and Johnson, 1973) Df(1)ct12c2 (Lefevre and Johnson, 1973) Df(1)ct14b1 (Lefevre and Johnson, 1973) Df(1)ct14c1 (Lefevre and Johnson, 1973) Df(1)ct15b1 (Lefevre and Johnson, 1973) Df(1)ct268-30 (Lefevre and Johnson, 1973) Df(1)ct268-37 (Lefevre and Johnson, 1973) Df(1)ct268-42 (Lefevre and Johnson, 1973) Df(1)ct-J4 (Lefevre and Johnson, 1973, Johnson and Judd, 1979, Eeken et al., 1985, Proust et al., 1992, Harbecke and Lengyel, 1995) Df(1)ct-J6 (Lefevre and Johnson, 1973) Dp(1;2)sn+72d-s2 (Dorer et al., 1993) Dp(1;f)A12 (Mackensen, 1935) In(1)A45.3 (Prudhommeau and Proust, 1990) In(1)B75.1 (Prudhommeau and Proust, 1990) In(1)ct43aH1 (Valencia, 1966) In(1)ct268-20 (Lefevre and Johnson, 1973) In(1)ctJ7 (Lefevre and Johnson, 1973) In(1)ctJ12 (Lefevre and Johnson, 1973) In(1)ctJ13 (Lefevre and Johnson, 1973) In(1)D38.1 (Prudhommeau and Proust, 1990) T(1;2)ctJ1 (Lefevre and Johnson, 1973) T(1;2)ctJ5 (Lefevre and Johnson, 1973) T(1;3)ctJ2 (Lefevre and Johnson, 1973) T(1;3)ctJ9 (Lefevre and Johnson, 1973) T(1;3)ctJ11 (Lefevre and Johnson, 1973) Tp(1;1)B25.3 (Prudhommeau and Proust, 1990) Tp(1;1)B60.6 (Prudhommeau and Proust, 1990) Tp(1;3)ct268-37 (Demerec, 1940) Tp(1;3)ctJ8 (Lefevre and Johnson, 1973)
Not disrupted in	Df(1)235 (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)247g (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)267 (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)271 (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)303 (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)314 (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)A124 (Mackensen, 1935) Df(1)B74.5 (Proust et al., 1992) Df(1)C128 (Eeken et al., 1985) Df(1)hl-a (Andersson and Lambertsson, 1990) Df(1)hl-b (Andersson and Lambertsson, 1990) Df(1)hl-c (Andersson and Lambertsson, 1990) Df(1)hl-d (Andersson and Lambertsson, 1990) Df(1)RA2 (Eeken et al., 1985, Proust et al., 1992) Df(1)Sp8A (Schalet, 1986) Dp(1;2)ct+90f (Stewart and Denell, 1993) T(1;4)231b (Patterson, 1932) Tp(1;2)sn+72d (Wieschaus et al., 1984)
Not duplicated in	Dp(1;1)100 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;1)105 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;1)112 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;2)rb+71g (Eberl and Hilliker, 1988) Dp(1;2)w+64b (Eberl and Hilliker, 1988) Dp(1;f)102 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;f)106 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;f)107 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;f)118 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;f)136 (Dobzhansky, 1932) Dp(1;f)137 (Dobzhansky, 1932)
Duplicated in	Dp(1;1)hi11 (Hinton et al., 1952) Dp(1;2)ct+90f (Dorer et al., 1991) Dp(1;2)sn+72d (Johnson and Judd, 1979, Eeken et al., 1985, Eberl and Hilliker, 1988, Andersson and Lambertsson, 1990, Proust et al., 1992, Stewart and Denell, 1993) Dp(1;3)sn13a1 (Lefevre and Johnson, 1973, Lefevre, 1981, Cline, 1983, Wieschaus et al., 1984, Eeken et al., 1985, Proust et al., 1992) Dp(1;Y)ct+y+ (Johnson and Judd, 1979, Sheen et al., 1993) Tp(1;2)sn+72d (Lefevre, 1981)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data reporter construct P{ctA3-lacZ} No P{ct-lacZ.0.7.mut} No P{ct-lacZ.0.7} No P{ctwHZ} No P{cutA1-hs43} No P{cutA2-hs43} No P{cutA-hsp70-lacZ} No P{cutB-hsp70-lacZ} No P{cutC-hsp70-lacZ} No P{cutD-hsp70-lacZ} No P{cutE-hsp70-lacZ} No P{cutF-hsp70-lacZ} No P{cutG-hsp70-lacZ} No UAS construct P{GD1237} NA P{TRiP.HMS00924} NA P{TRiP.JF03304} NA P{UAS-ct.L} NA P{UAS-ct.P} NA P{UAS-ct.RNAi.G} NA heat-shock construct P{hsCut} NA characterization construct P{ct-GAL4.CtB} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{EP}ctEP1332 NA P{XP}ctd04137 NA miscellaneous insertions ?{}ctpN34 NA Burdock{}ctMR21K1 NA Burdock{}ctMRl1 NA Burdock{}ctMRl8 NA Burdock{}ctMRl37 NA Burdock{}ctMRl377 NA Burdock{}ctMRlA1 NA Burdock{}ctMRlA12 NA Burdock{}ctMRlB1 NA Burdock{}ctMRlE1 NA Burdock{}ctMRlK1a NA Burdock{}ctMRlL2 NA Burdock{}ctMRlL46 NA Burdock{}ctMRlLD1a NA Burdock{}ctMRlLM1 NA copia{}ctlS1 NA copia{}ctns NA gypsy{}ct6 NA gypsy{}ct13K NA gypsy{}ct78a NA gypsy{}ct81:1 NA gypsy{}ct83h NA gypsy{}ctK NA gypsy{}ctL1 NA gypsy{}ctL5 NA gypsy{}ctL7 NA gypsy{}ctL10 NA gypsy{}ctL13 NA gypsy{}ctL18 NA gypsy{}ctL20 NA gypsy{}ctL23 NA gypsy{}ctL25 NA gypsy{}ctL27 NA gypsy{}ctL30 NA gypsy{}ctL31 NA gypsy{}ctL32 NA gypsy{}ctL33 NA gypsy{}ctL34 NA gypsy{}ctL35 NA gypsy{}ctL36 NA gypsy{}ctL37 NA gypsy{}ctL39 NA gypsy{}ctL41 NA gypsy{}ctL44 NA gypsy{}ctL45 NA gypsy{}ctL47 NA gypsy{}ctL49 NA gypsy{}ctL51 NA gypsy{}ctL53 NA gypsy{}ctL55 NA gypsy{}ctL57 NA gypsy{}ctL59 NA gypsy{}ctL60 NA gypsy{}ctL61 NA gypsy{}ctL62 NA gypsy{}ctL64 NA gypsy{}ctL67 NA gypsy{}ctL857 NA gypsy{}ctMR2 NA gypsy{}ctMR2a NA gypsy{}ctMR4 NA gypsy{}ctMR7 NA gypsy{}ctMR8 NA gypsy{}ctMR9 NA gypsy{}ctMR10 NA gypsy{}ctMR10a NA gypsy{}ctMR11 NA gypsy{}ctMR12 NA gypsy{}ctMR13 NA gypsy{}ctMR14 NA gypsy{}ctMR15 NA gypsy{}ctMR16 NA gypsy{}ctMR17 NA gypsy{}ctMRl15 NA gypsy{}ctMRn1 NA gypsy{}ctMRn2 NA gypsy{}ctMRn3 NA gypsy{}ctMRpN1b NA gypsy{}ctMRpN1c NA gypsy{}ctMRpN6 NA gypsy{}ctMRpN16 NA gypsy{}ctMRpN24 NA gypsy{}ctMRpN25 NA gypsy{}ctMRpN26 NA gypsy{}ctMRwR1 NA gypsy{}ctMRwR NA gypsy{}ctS-2 NA gypsy{}ctS-5 NA gypsy{}ctS-7 NA gypsy{}ctS-8 NA gypsy{}ctU-2 NA gypsy{}ctU-3 NA gypsy{}ctU-10 NA Hercules{}ctMRlK1b NA Hercules{}ctMRlLD1b NA jockey{}ct+178 NA jockey{}ct+D NA jockey{}ctMRpD NA jockey{}ctMRpN1 NA jockey{}ctMRpN1a NA jockey{}ctMRpN7 NA jockey{}ctMRpN10 NA jockey{}ctMRpN17 NA jockey{}ctMRpN20 NA jockey{}ctMRpN20a NA jockey{}ctMRpN22 NA jockey{}ctMRpN23 NA jockey{}ctMRpN30 NA jockey{}ctpN1 NA jockey{}ctpN30 NA P{SUPor-P}ct546-1 NA PBac{HpaI-GFP.A}YD0198 NA roo{}ct46l NA roo{}ctMRP NA roo{}ctMRpN19 NA roo{}ctn NA roo{}ctP NA Stalker{}ctn2s NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system P{GawB}ctPG142 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 26 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 15 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding inferred from direct assay (Valentine et al., 1998)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
antennal development inferred from expression pattern (Dong et al., 2002) inferred from mutant phenotype (Duong et al., 2008) antennal joint development inferred from mutant phenotype (Ebacher et al., 2007) dendrite guidance inferred from mutant phenotype (Komiyama and Luo, 2007) dendrite morphogenesis inferred from genetic interaction with kn (Jinushi-Nakao et al., 2007) inferred from mutant phenotype (Sugimura et al., 2004, Li et al., 2004, Grueber et al., 2003, Jinushi-Nakao et al., 2007) imaginal disc-derived wing margin morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Thumm and Kadowaki, 2001, Micchelli and Blair, 1996) mitotic cell cycle inferred from mutant phenotype (Sun and Deng, 2005) negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway inferred from mutant phenotype (Sun and Deng, 2005) negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter inferred from mutant phenotype (Valentine et al., 1998) oogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Jackson and Berg, 1999) ovarian follicle cell development inferred from mutant phenotype (Sun and Deng, 2005) regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent inferred from mutant phenotype (Duong et al., 2008) sensory perception of sound inferred from mutant phenotype (Ebacher et al., 2007) spiracle morphogenesis, open tracheal system inferred from mutant phenotype (Hu and Castelli-Gair, 1999)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from direct assay (Blochlinger et al., 1990, Valentine et al., 1998)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 13 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
DNA binding non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1989.3.1) traceable author statement (Thumm and Kadowaki, 2001) sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001356 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) non-traceable author statement (FlyBase, 1992-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
cell fate commitment non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1989.3.1) central nervous system development traceable author statement (Thumm and Kadowaki, 2001) dendrite morphogenesis traceable author statement (Grueber and Jan, 2004) female gonad development traceable author statement (Thumm and Kadowaki, 2001) Malpighian tubule morphogenesis non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1989.3.1) traceable author statement (Thumm and Kadowaki, 2001, Murakami et al., 1999) open tracheal system development traceable author statement (Thumm and Kadowaki, 2001) ovarian follicle cell stalk formation traceable author statement (Dobens and Raftery, 2000) peripheral nervous system development traceable author statement (Thumm and Kadowaki, 2001, Grueber and Jan, 2004) sensory organ boundary specification non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1989.3.1) sensory organ precursor cell fate determination non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1989.3.1)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus non-traceable author statement (FlyBase, 1992-, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1989.3.1)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions ct allele Gene References ct2s l(2)41Ae (Rollins et al., 1999) mam (Morcillo et al., 1996) Nipped-A (Rollins et al., 1999) Nipped-B (Rollins et al., 1999) RpL38 (Rollins et al., 1999) sd (Morcillo et al., 1996) ct6 Chi (Morcillo et al., 1996) mod(mdg4) (Georgiev and Gerasimova, 1989) su(Hw) (Georgiev and Gerasimova, 1989, Dorsett, 1993, Morcillo et al., 1996) ct53d CG6194 (Thumm and Kadowaki, 2001) Chi (Morcillo et al., 1996) mam (Morcillo et al., 1996, Helms et al., 1999) Nipped-A (Rollins et al., 1999) RpL38 (Rollins et al., 1999) sno (Majumdar et al., 1997) ct83h Chi (Morcillo et al., 1996) su(Hw) (Morcillo et al., 1996) ctC145 agn (Jackson and Berg, 1999) Antp (Johnston et al., 1998) bft (Hardiman et al., 2002) capu (Jackson and Berg, 1999) N (Jackson and Blochlinger, 1997) otu (Jackson and Berg, 1999) RpII140 (Jackson and Blochlinger, 1997) shg (Tepass et al., 1996) ctdb7 capu (Jackson and Berg, 1999) ctdb10 N (Jackson and Blochlinger, 1997) Pka-C1 (Jackson and Blochlinger, 1997) ctK bft (Hardiman et al., 2002) mod(mdg4) (Georgiev and Gerasimova, 1989) su(Hw) (Hoover et al., 1992) ctL32 Chi (Morcillo et al., 1996) mam (Morcillo et al., 1996) sd (Morcillo et al., 1996) su(Hw) (Morcillo et al., 1996, Rollins et al., 1999) ctL188 Antp (Johnston et al., 1998) capu (Jackson and Berg, 1999) pb (Johnston et al., 1998) Pka-C1 (Jackson and Blochlinger, 1997) ctMR2 mod(mdg4) (Georgiev and Gerasimova, 1989) su(Hw) (Georgiev and Gerasimova, 1989, Hoover et al., 1992) ctMRpN1 mod(mdg4) (Georgiev and Gerasimova, 1989) su(Hw) (Georgiev and Gerasimova, 1989) ctMRpN30 su(Hw) (Hoover et al., 1992) ctn2s e(y)2 (Melnikova et al., 1996) e(y)3 (Melnikova et al., 1996) E(z) (Melnikova et al., 1996) Psc (Melnikova et al., 1996) Scm (Melnikova et al., 1996) Su(z)2 (Melnikova et al., 1996) z (Melnikova et al., 1996) ctpN1 e(y)2 (Melnikova et al., 1996) e(y)3 (Melnikova et al., 1996) su(Hw) (Melnikova et al., 1996) z (Melnikova et al., 1996) ctpN2s e(y)2 (Melnikova et al., 1996) e(y)3 (Melnikova et al., 1996) E(z) (Melnikova et al., 1996) Psc (Melnikova et al., 1996) Scm (Melnikova et al., 1996) Su(z)2 (Melnikova et al., 1996) z (Melnikova et al., 1996) ctpN30 e(y)2 (Melnikova et al., 1996) e(y)3 (Melnikova et al., 1996) su(Hw) (Melnikova et al., 1996) z (Melnikova et al., 1996) ctunspecified Chi (Morcillo and Dorsett, 1996) ctp (Gramates and Phillis, 1995) unspecified 14-3-3ζ (Krupp et al., 2005) ab (Sugimura et al., 2004) Aef1 (Krupp et al., 2005) aop (Krupp et al., 2005) apt (Krupp et al., 2005) Bap170 (Krupp et al., 2005) brat (Krupp et al., 2005) brm (Krupp et al., 2005) Bx (Milan et al., 2001) CG1888 (Krupp et al., 2005) CG5390 (Krupp et al., 2005) CG6907 (Krupp et al., 2005) CG7920 (Krupp et al., 2005) CG9270 (Krupp et al., 2005) CG14757 (Krupp et al., 2005) CG15236 (Krupp et al., 2005) CG17075 (Krupp et al., 2005) CG30497 (Krupp et al., 2005) Chi (Milan et al., 2001) chic (Krupp et al., 2005) CycE (Krupp et al., 2005) daw (Krupp et al., 2005) e(y)1 (Melnikova et al., 1996) eIF-4a (Krupp et al., 2005) eIF-4E (Krupp et al., 2005) fus (Krupp et al., 2005) G-iα65A (Krupp et al., 2005) h (Krupp et al., 2005) heph (Krupp et al., 2005) Jwa (Krupp et al., 2005) lola (Krupp et al., 2005) lwr (Krupp et al., 2005) mam   mor (Krupp et al., 2005) mRpL4 (Krupp et al., 2005) N (Jack and DeLotto, 1992) osa (Krupp et al., 2005) polybromo (Krupp et al., 2005) Psc (Krupp et al., 2005) pzg (Krupp et al., 2005) rgr (Krupp et al., 2005) sc (Georgiev, 1990, Jack and DeLotto, 1992) sd (Jack and DeLotto, 1992) Ser (Jack and DeLotto, 1992) shn (Krupp et al., 2005) SMSr (Krupp et al., 2005) Spt-I (Krupp et al., 2005) sqz (Krupp et al., 2005) ss (Ebacher et al., 2007) Ssl1 (Krupp et al., 2005) stai (Krupp et al., 2005) su(Hw) (Lindsley and Grell, 1968) trx (Krupp et al., 2005) Trx-2 (Krupp et al., 2005) vg   Vha68-2 (Krupp et al., 2005) wde (Krupp et al., 2005)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 69119 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0004198 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0004198 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 44540
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF21154 Dere\GG19652 Dgri\GH11890 Dmoj\GI15688 Dper\GL14717 Dpse\GA23816 Dsec\GM17531 Dsim\GD16852 Dvir\GJ19212 Dwil\GK16157 Dyak\GE15727
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dafs\ct (Sturtevant and Novitski, 1941) Dana\ct (Sturtevant and Novitski, 1941) Dbii\ct (Tanaka et al., 2009) Dfic\ct (Tanaka et al., 2009, Atallah et al., 2009) Dgua\ct   Dhyd\cut (Spencer, 1949) Dkik\ct (Tanaka et al., 2009) Dmad\ct   Dmir\ct   Dnik\ct (Tanaka et al., 2009, Atallah et al., 2009) Dper\ct   Dpro\ct (Spassky et al., 1950) Dpse\GA10967   Dpse\b (Sturtevant and Novitski, 1941, Sturtevant and Tan, 1937) Dsim\ct (Sturtevant and Novitski, 1941) Dsub\ct   Dtak\ct (Atallah et al., 2009) Dvir\rg (Sturtevant and Novitski, 1941) Dvul\ct (Atallah et al., 2009) Dwil\ct (Ehrman and Powell, 1982)
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL007605-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) XP_623857.2 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001948782.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) 78017 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) ENSBTAP00000029613 Bos taurus (bovine) CBP26396 Caenorhabditis briggsae (nematode) ENSCAFP00000012593 Canis familiaris (dog) CPIJ014526 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSCPOP00000007696 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) ENSDARP00000075676 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSGACP00000017880 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGALP00000002789 Gallus gallus (chicken) ENSP00000353401 Homo sapiens (human) ISCW022880-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) ENSMODP00000016992 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000028271 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMUSP00000106740 Mus musculus (house mouse) XP_001607026.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000007581 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSORLP00000019992 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) PP19208 Pristionchus pacificus (nematode) ENSPPYP00000019566 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) ENSPTRP00000033441 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) ENSRNOP00000001928 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) XP_001195329.1 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) XP_970668.2 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) ENSTNIP00000014400 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) ENSTRUP00000040515 Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish Takifugu) ENSXETP00000012039 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB13720 NV11750 LH22389 ISCW022880 FBgn0233294 FBgn0218159 FBgn0206357 FBgn0188436 FBgn0172439 JGI_V11_43067 JGI_V11_17828 FBgn0245215 FBgn0152321 FBgn0138437 FBgn0138435 FBgn0119369 FBgn0111854 FBgn0098157 CPIJ014526 BGIBMGA013199 BGIBMGA013198 ACYPI003171 GB17945 AGAP001187 AAEL007605 PHUM322020 PHUM322030 GLEAN_15699
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 83 )
Bloomington	22 cm1 ct6 1502 za694 ct6 24 ctn oc1/FM1 171 y1 ctK; bw1
Harvard	- P{XP}ctd04137
Kyoto	101198 w1 ct1 105683 ctn oc1/FM1 105674 bi1 ct6 g2 105768 y1 ctK; bw1 106890 cm1 ct6 mysts1
VDRC	v4138 w1118; P{GD1237}v4138 v5687 w1118; P{GD1237}v5687
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR26L11 BACR35A18 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 40 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GH10590 RE08418
Other clones	DPiM_RE08418
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	RE49041 RE67108
Other clones	465 770 51466 56825 73245 79310 81323 144412 153343 165658 214221.17 214353.17 280602 524050 572815 CK01.7D.E2 CK01.106B.G7 CK01.146C.H9 EK080928 EK088728 EK121237 EK121910 EK202259 EK208612 EK214424 EK250662 EK256644 EK270362 EK305140 EN04652 EN17127 EP11551 IP14932 IP15032 IP15132
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0004198 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 44540
Antibody Information
	monoclonal antibody (Bajpai et al., 2004) polyclonal (Blochlinger et al., 1988, Blochlinger et al., 1990, Moore et al., 2002)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: ct BcDNA:GH10590 (FlyBase, 1996-) Source for merge of: ct CG11387 (Bayraktaroglu, 2000.4.12)
Additional comments	Source for merge of ct BcDNA:GH10590 was a shared cDNA (date:030728). (FlyBase, 1996-) ct is among the most mutable X-linked genes; several large-scale mutagenesis experiments have yielded many alleles, the majority of which are lost. The majority of induced ct alleles are lethal, or associated with chromosome rearrangements, or both. A derivative of ct6 (termed Uc: Unstable chromosome) studied by Lim (1979) and ctMR2 derived from a hybrid dysgenic cross involving MR-h12 on chromosome 2 by Gerasimova (1981) are highly unstable. The instability is manifest as increased incidence of lethal mutations, many of which are associated with chromosome aberrations broken in 6F (Lim), high reversion frequencies often accompanied by mutation at other loci.
Other Comments
	ct is required for follicle-cell proliferation and maintenance of the mitotic cycle. (Sun and Deng, 2005) The level of ct expressed by different da sensory neurons regulates class-specific dendrite morphogenesis. (Grueber et al., 2003) ct may function as a developmental switch between the achaete-scute complex and amos dependent multidendritic (md) neurons. (Brewster et al., 2001) Analysis of ct mutants suggests that germline cell cytokineses are normal in mutant females. (Jackson and Berg, 1999) Phenotypic analysis of double mutants implicates ct in the regulation of expression and/or function of Antp and pb, and documents a new role of ct in the control of segment identity. (Johnston et al., 1998) The combined effect of N and its target genes ct and wg regulate the expression of N ligands Dl and Ser which restrict N signalling to the wing dorsoventral boundary. (de Celis and Bray, 1997) ct function is critical for maintaining the structural integrity of germline-derived cells and their arrangement within an egg chamber. (Jackson and Blochlinger, 1997) ct acts to maintain margin wg expression, providing a potential explanation of the ct mutant phenotype. N, but not wg signalling, is autonomously required for ct expression. wg is required indirectly for ct expression, results suggest this requirement is due to the regulation by wg of Dl and Ser expression in cells flanking the ct and wg expression domains. Dl and Ser play a dual role in the regulation of ct and wg expression. (Micchelli et al., 1997) Ectopic expression of ct, Hsap\CUTL1, and Mmus\Cutl1 similarly affects embryonic sensory organ development and can rescue a wing scalloping mutant phenotype associated with loss of ct expression along the prospective wing margin. These results suggest the function of ct is evolutionarily conserved. (Ludlow et al., 1996) Chi and mam regulate ct alleles lacking gypsy insertions. sd, mam and Chi cooperate synergistically to regulate ct expression. (Morcillo et al., 1996) wg and N cooperate to activate expression of ct, suggesting the wg and N pathways interact synergistically in the wing imaginal disc. (Neumann and Cohen, 1996) The FLP/FRT recombinase system has been used to determine that ct is required for the proper differentiation of md neurons. (Brewster and Bodmer, 1995) A group of ct regulatory elements have been identified that drive Ecol\lacZ reporter gene expression in all of the embryonic tissues and the adult peripheral nervous system. Results demonstrate that ct has separate enhancers for the adult and larval peripheral nervous systems and for different groups of adult external sensory organs. (Jack and DeLotto, 1995) The ct and ovo loci are hot spots for gypsy insertions. (Prud'homme et al., 1995) Poxn expression is independent of ct but dependent on AS-C. (Vervoort et al., 1995) Ectopic ct expression has at least two effects, an excessive cell death and a maldifferentiation of photoreceptor precursors. (Awasaki et al., 1994) The Mutator Strain (MS) is characterised by a high frequency of spontaneous mutations and their reversions. Spontaneous reversions of ct and f gypsy mutations are shown to be due to precise excisions of the element. (Kuzin et al., 1994) A group of cells that express ct lies between the dorsal and ventral rows of margin bristle precursors, and may act as barrier cells between the compartments. This group of cells is divided into dorsal and ventral by the additional expression of ap in the dorsal cells only. (Blair, 1993) Wing phenotype of cut mutations correlates with expression in prospective wing margin. (Blochlinger et al., 1993) The ct wing phenotype is caused by activation of the wing margin enhancer at pupariation, the su(Hw) gene product is only active when the enhancer is active, thereby blocking the enhancer by binding to gypsy. Enhancer blocking by su(Hw) protein is reversible. (Dorsett, 1993) Muscle phenotype of mutants studied using polarised light microscopy and antibody staining to detect Mhc-lacZ reporter gene expression in muscles. (Drysdale et al., 1993) One of the homeodomain loci identified in a screen for genes encoding DNA binding proteins capable of binding to a consensus Engrailed binding site. (Kalionis and O'Farrell, 1993) Mutations in the ct gene transform sense organs from external sensory receptors to chordotonal organs. The ct gene influences axonal projections of the transformed receptors, additional genes could be involved in this specification. (Merritt et al., 1993) Seven new lethal alleles that arose either on a Uc chromosome or on a chromosome that had been associated with Uc were molecularly mapped: all were found to be associated to a gypsy transposable element insertion. (Sheen, 1993) Wing margin mutations, such as N, Ser, sd and sc, interact synergistically with ct and ap, Bx and Ly act additively. (Jack and DeLotto, 1992) Mutations at the ct locus cause a morphological transformation of the Malpighian tubules to a bladder like structure, with stacks of epithelial cells in its wall. cad and ct are independent of each other with respect to Malpighian tubule regulation: both pathways require Kr. (Liu and Jack, 1992) A number of cut mutations were induced by non-precise excision of a silent P-element insertion, which resulted in deletions of the regulatory region of cut. A reversion of one of these mutations was found to be caused by the insertion of a Stalker element near the deletion that suppresses the deficiency at the regulatory region of the cut gene. (Mogila et al., 1992) The deduced amino acid sequence of human CCAAT dispacement protein (Hsap\CUTL1) reveals high homology to ct with respect to the presence of a unique homeodomain and 'cut repeats'. ct participates in determining cell fates in several tissues, the predicted similarity suggests a broad role for Hsap\CUTL1 in mammalian development. (Neufeld et al., 1992) Ubiquitous ct expression in embryos results specifically in the morphological and antigenic transformation of ch sense organs into es organs. ct is necessary and sufficient for the specification of es identity in the sensory organ precursor cells and their progeny. Specificity also involves the ASC and da. (Blochlinger et al., 1991) ct-expressing cells flanking the margin stripe are precursors of the chemosensory organs. An enhancer of ct, located 80kb upstream of the ct gene promoter, confers expression in the mechanoreceptors and noninnervated bristles from a heterologous promoter. (Jack et al., 1991) The complementation behaviour and protein distribution of cut mutants has been studied to define the regulatory regions of ct. Results suggest that cut is necessary for cell type specification and morphogenesis in variety of tissues. The regulatory region of cut contains at least four separate units with different tissue specific functions. (Liu et al., 1991) The incorrect specification of es organ identity in ct mutants results from either the lack of ct protein in some or all es cells or lack of nuclear localization of ct. (Blochlinger et al., 1990) Three phenotypic revertants of a gypsy induced mutation reveal that jockey insertions relieve the gypsy induced phenotype at ct by interfering with a region which is required for the transcriptional competence of gypsy. (Flavell et al., 1990) A number of ct mutations associated with super-unstable mutations at the sn locus have been studied. (Ladvishenko et al., 1990) Within the ct locus nucleotide position -118 may be considered a hotspot for gypsy element insertions, nucleotide position -123 for roo element insertions and nucleotide position -116 for Burdock insertions. (Tchurikov et al., 1989) A screen for X-linked genes that affect embryo morphology revealed ct. (Eberl and Hilliker, 1988) ct has been molecularly characterized. (Tchurikov et al., 1988) The suffix short repeat, carrying polyadenylation signals and polyadenylation sites, forms the last exon of ct. The suffix sequence is directly involved in the formation of the last splicing site and the 3' end maturation of ct mRNA. (Tchurikov et al., 1987) ct mutants display posterior defects in spiracles, no Keilins organs and abnormal maxillary complex. (Wieschaus et al., 1984) ct mutations fall into three nonoverlapping phenotypic classes: kinked femur, cut wings and lethal. Kinked-femur mutants are small with slightly dark, dull, red eye color; femurs kinked; wings seldom expand following eclosion, or when they do expand they are opaque and abnormal in shape; flies seem unable to move normally and die on the food soon after eclosion. Cut-wing mutants variably affect wing shape and head capsule development; phenotypic effects include incised wing margins with the tips usually cut to points, missing or ventrally displaced vibrissae, deformed antennae, e.g., flattened and embedded with aristae concave forward, smaller kidney-shaped eyes, warped abdominal bands and fine bristles. Most lethal alleles survive as clones of homozygous epidermal cells (Demerec). Developmental study of ct6 by Waddington (1939; Waddington, 1940) shows wing bud narrower than wild type as early as just after eversion of wing in early pupa. Cell death observed in prepupal wing bud (D. Fristrom, 1969). Clones of ct6 cells in internal areas of wing blade normal in size; marginal clones much reduced in size indicating cell death. Homozygous clones in either dorsal or ventral membrane must reach margin in order to produce incision, 100/127 marginal clones unassociated with gaps; when gaps are produced, they affect both wing surfaces even though clone confined to a single surface. Both dorsal and ventral chaetal elements at the edges of such gaps may show the markers of such clones (Santamaria and Garcia-Bellido, 1975). Lethal alleles fall into three groups, based on their complementation characteristics: cutless, group I and group II. Lethal alleles ctC145, ctJA124, and ct149 exhibit polyphasic lethality from late embryo to pharate adult (Johnson and Judd, 1979). Lethal embryos characterized by posterior defects in spiracles; no Keilin's organs and abnormal maxillary complex (Wieschaus, Nusslein-Volhard, and Jurgens, 1984). Group II and to a slightly lesser degree group I lethals fail to differentiate external sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system; the presumptive external sensory neurons of the embryonic peripheral nervous system and their support cells are transformed into chordotonal neurons with their support cells; the transformed organs are chordotonal both in morphology and antigenic specificity. Same effect seen in the adult sensory organs in mosaics; embryonic effect differs from that seen in adults in that embryos lack peripheral sensory structures, e.g., Keilin's organs, whereas such structures persist, though reduced in size, in adult tissue. The numbers and positions of peripheral neurons is normal. CNS structure and function appear normal. No discernible effect of absence of ct function in the maternal germ line. Effect of ct mutations on PNS differentiation cell autonomous. (Bodmer, Barbel, Sheperd, Jack, Jan and Jan, 1987). Antibodies to ct protein specifically bind to nuclei of presumptive external sensory organ cells including those of the antennamaxillary organ and external sensory organs in spiracles, but not to nuclei of chordotonal organs; antibody staining also seen in some neurons with multiple dendritic arborizations and in cells lining the Malpighian tubules (Blochlinger, Bodmer, Jack, Jan and Jan, 1988). Kinked-femur, cut-wing and cutless alleles are mutually complementing: group I lethals complement kinked-femur but not cut-wing alleles; and group II lethals are noncomplementing; all combinations of lethal alleles are lethal. The different phenotypic classes of alleles occupy discrete and separate regions of the complex, with the order from left to right being, kinked femur, cut wing, group I lethals and group II lethals; cutless alleles have not been mapped. Kinked femur, cut, and group-I-lethal mutations are associated with chromosome aberrations or insertions of transposable elements, whereas group II lethals appear to be point mutations. ct6, ct68E (= ct67s?), ct78a and ctK suppressed by su(Hw)2; dvr2 enhances ct6 and inhibits its complete suppression by su(Hw)2; su(Hw)2/+ shows slight dominant suppression of wing phenotype of ctK (Lee, 1973). ct6 and ctK strongly enhanced by su(s); su(s) ctK lethal (Johnson) but rescued by su(Hw)2/+ (Craymer). ct6 the most commonly used allele.
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_080025 NM_167130 NM_001144702 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_524764 NP_727194 NP_001138174 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAF46264 AAM11053 AAM11393 AAN09213 ACL82906 AF363627 AF369916 AI113996 AQ073197 AW940371 AY094700 AY095065 AY863482 AY863483 AY863484 AY863485 AY863486 AY863487 AY863488 AY863489 AY863490 AY863491 AY863492 AY863493 AY863494 AY863495 AY863496 AY863497 AY863498 AY863499 AY863500 AY863501 AY863502 AY863503 AY863504 AY925631 AY925632 AY925633 AY925634 AY925635 AY925636 AY925637 AY925638 AY925639 AY925640 AY925641 AY925642 AY925643 AY925644 AY925645 AY925646 AY925647 AY925648 AY925649 AY925650 AY925651 AY925652 AY925653 AY925654 AY925655 AY925656 AY925657 AY925658 AY925659 AY925660 AY925661 AY925662 AY925663 AY925664 AY925665 AY925666 AY925667 AY925668 AY925669 AY925670 AY925671 AY925672 AY925673 AY925674 AY925675 AY925676 AY925677 AY925678 AY925679 AY925680 AY925681 AY925682 AY925683 AY925684 AY925685 AY925686 AY925687 AY925688 AY925689 AY925690 AY925691 AY925692 AY925693 AY925694 AY925695 AY925696 AY925697 AY925698 AY925699 AY925700 AY925701 AY925702 AY925703 AY925704 AY925705 AY925706 AY925707 AY925708 AY925709 AY925710 AY925711 AY925712 AY925713 AY925714 AY925715 AY925716 AY925717 AY925718 AY925719 AY925720 AY925721 AY925722 AY925723 AY925724 AY925725 AY925726 AY925727 AY925728 AY925729 AY925730 AY925731 AY925732 AY925733 AY925734 BI167916 CAA30794 CZ473749 CZ473750 U89926 U90540 U96440 X07985 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 44540 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P10180 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • B7Z0Y0 Q8SWV1 Q8SXB8
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Homeobox, conserved site (IPR017970) Homeobox (IPR001356) Homeodomain protein CUT (IPR003350) Homeodomain-like (IPR009057) Homeodomain-related (IPR012287) Lambda repressor-like, DNA-binding (IPR010982)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 69119 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0004198 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0004198 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0004198 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0004198 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG11387-RB;HDC17859 FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0004198 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 44540 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL007605-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) XP_623857.2 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001948782.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) 78017 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) ENSBTAP00000029613 Bos taurus (bovine) CBP26396 Caenorhabditis briggsae (nematode) ENSCAFP00000012593 Canis familiaris (dog) CPIJ014526 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSCPOP00000007696 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) ENSDARP00000075676 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSGACP00000017880 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGALP00000002789 Gallus gallus (chicken) ENSP00000353401 Homo sapiens (human) ISCW022880-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) ENSMODP00000016992 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000028271 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMUSP00000106740 Mus musculus (house mouse) XP_001607026.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000007581 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSORLP00000019992 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) PP19208 Pristionchus pacificus (nematode) ENSPPYP00000019566 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) ENSPTRP00000033441 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) ENSRNOP00000001928 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) XP_001195329.1 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) XP_970668.2 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) ENSTNIP00000014400 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) ENSTRUP00000040515 Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish Takifugu) ENSXETP00000012039 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /gene/cut1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 44540 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0004198 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB13720 NV11750 LH22389 ISCW022880 FBgn0233294 FBgn0218159 FBgn0206357 FBgn0188436 FBgn0172439 JGI_V11_43067 JGI_V11_17828 FBgn0245215 FBgn0152321 FBgn0138437 FBgn0138435 FBgn0119369 FBgn0111854 FBgn0098157 CPIJ014526 BGIBMGA013199 BGIBMGA013198 ACYPI003171 GB17945 AGAP001187 AAEL007605 PHUM322020 PHUM322030 GLEAN_15699 REDfly - A database of transcriptional regulatory elements. • FBgn0004198
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 13 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	BcDNA:GH10590   CG11387 (Bourbon et al., 2002, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Perkins et al., 2009, Ni et al., 2010.12.1) Ct (Gomes and Schweisguth, 2005, Gonzalez et al., 2006, Maruyama et al., 2011, Campbell et al., 2010, Benítez et al., 2009, Brás-Pereira and Casares, 2008, Shimono et al., 2009, Kugler and Nagel, 2010) ct (Krattinger et al., 2007, Capelson and Corces, 2005, Capelson and Corces, 2006, Kamimura et al., 2004, Wang and Struhl, 2004, Bolinger and Boekhoff-Falk, 2005, Ebacher et al., 2007, Pai et al., 2004, Merianda et al., 2005, Reiter et al., 2007, Puetz et al., 2005, Gause et al., 2001, Duong et al., 2008, Roegiers et al., 2005, Lovegrove et al., 2006, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Hattori et al., 2007, Christensen et al., 2008.6.11, Macdonald and Long, 2005, Golovnin et al., 2007, Luque and Milan, 2007, Christensen et al., 2008.12.28, Vrailas-Mortimer et al., 2007, Jinushi-Nakao et al., 2007, Weake et al., 2011, Christensen et al., 2009.2.28, Zartman et al., 2008, Akbari et al., 2009, Gause et al., 2008, Rollins et al., 2004, Pérez et al., 2005, Brandt and Corces, 2008, Rajan et al., 2009, Golovnin et al., 2008, Hödl and Basler, 2009, Campbell et al., 2009, Lei and Corces, 2006, Hughes and Thomas, 2007, Long et al., 2009, Popodi et al., 2010-, Hatton-Ellis et al., 2007, Wheeler et al., 2009, Wang et al., 2004, Haddrill et al., 2005, Engström et al., 2007, Buffin and Gho, 2010, Suissa et al., 2010, Tran et al., 2010, Beltran et al., 2007, Oliver et al., 2010, Zhai et al., 2010, Micchelli et al., 2003) CT (Legent et al., 2006) Cut (Li et al., 2006, Wildonger et al., 2005, Orgogozo and Schweisguth, 2004, Fichelson and Gho, 2004, Yedvobnick et al., 2001, Goulding et al., 2000, Nagaraj and Banerjee, 2000, Jones et al., 2006, Wang et al., 2007, Poulton and Deng, 2006, Egger-Adam and Katanaev, 2010, Kracklauer et al., 2007, Jafar-Nejad et al., 2005, Fiuza et al., 2010, Nagaraj and Banerjee, 2009, Urbano et al., 2009, Dziedzic et al., 2009, Mukai et al., 2010, Bunt et al., 2010, Figeac et al., 2010, Rebeiz et al., 2011, Charlton-Perkins et al., 2011) cut (Strachan, 2005, Li et al., 2004, Sugimura et al., 2004, Seto et al., 2006, Kim et al., 2006, Hughes and Thomas, 2007, Levine and Tjian, 2003, Duong et al., 2008, Vaccari et al., 2010, van Eyk et al., 2011) kf (Fahmy and Fahmy, 1959, Proust et al., 1992, Perrimon et al., 1989, ) l(1)7Ba   l(1)7Bb   l(1)VE614
Name Synonym	cut (Tien et al., 2008, Dorsett et al., 2002, Ghysen and Dambly-Chaudiere, 2000, Jackson and Berg, 2000, Yaich and Bodmer, 2000, Tchurikov, 1997.4.3, Tchurikov, 1997.2.18, Jarman and Ahmed, 1998, Courey et al., 1998, Czerny et al., 1997, Awasaki and Kimura, 1997, Begun et al., 1994, Bodmer et al., 1990, Li et al., 2004, Schwartz and Pirrotta, 2007, Childress et al., 2006, Gonzalez et al., 2006, Capelson and Corces, 2006, Mosimann et al., 2006, Li and Baker, 2004, Dorsett et al., 2005, Kamimura et al., 2004, Bolinger and Boekhoff-Falk, 2005, Sugimura et al., 2004, Crews and Brenman, 2006, Ebacher et al., 2007, Hughes and Thomas, 2007, Mandal et al., 2005, Gause et al., 2001, Duong et al., 2008, Negre et al., 2006, Wang and Sun, 2008, Kugler and Nagel, 2007, Matthews et al., 2007, Campbell et al., 2010, Golovnin et al., 2007, Herranz et al., 2008, Goodfellow et al., 2007, Sun et al., 2008, Emmons et al., 2007, Vrailas-Mortimer et al., 2007, Polesello and Tapon, 2007, Dimitri et al., 2003, Xu et al., 2004, Parrish et al., 2007, Casso et al., 2008, Misulovin et al., 2008, Krejcí et al., 2009, Bray et al., 2008, Rollins et al., 2004, Pierre et al., 2008, Vrailas and Moses, 2006, Golovnin et al., 2008, Long et al., 2009, Hödl and Basler, 2009, Campbell et al., 2009, Zartman et al., 2008, Pereira et al., 2006, Komiyama and Luo, 2007, Li et al., 2009, Tuxworth et al., 2009, Golovnin et al., 2008, Haddrill et al., 2005, Becam et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2010, Herranz et al., 2006, Buffin and Gho, 2010, Tong et al., 2010, Suissa et al., 2010, Tran et al., 2010, Manak et al., 2007, Usha and Shashidhara, 2010, Levine et al., 2010, Herr et al., 2010, Figeac et al., 2010, Duncan et al., 2010, Müller et al., 2010, Shimono et al., 2009, Song et al., 2010, Vaccari et al., 2008, Zhai et al., 2010, Micchelli et al., 2003) Cut (McNeill et al., 2008, Chen and Rasmuson-Lestander, 2009, Levine et al., 2007, Herranz et al., 2007, Vrailas et al., 2006, O'Reilly et al., 2006, Lim and Tomlinson, 2006, Lovato et al., 2005, Roignant et al., 2006, Wei et al., 2005, Baril and Therrien, 2006, Tsuda et al., 2006, Cordero and Cagan, 2010, Mummery-Widmer et al., 2009, Egger-Adam and Katanaev, 2010, Genevet et al., 2010, Nurminsky, 2007, Seto et al., 2006, Maqbool et al., 2006, Yu et al., 2008, Benhra et al., 2010, Miller et al., 2009, Sasaki et al., 2007, Nagaraj and Banerjee, 2007, Jordan et al., 2006, Acar et al., 2008, Childress et al., 2006, Glittenberg et al., 2006, Li et al., 2004, Vrailas and Moses, 2006, Hattori et al., 2007, Hutterer et al., 2006, Voas and Rebay, 2004, Fiuza et al., 2010, Luque and Milan, 2007, David et al., 2005, Katanaev et al., 2008, Gallagher and Knoblich, 2006, Jaekel and Klein, 2006, Sun and Deng, 2007, Schuldiner et al., 2008, Vaccari et al., 2008, Tien et al., 2008, Tian and Deng, 2008, Lebreton et al., 2008, Tran and Doe, 2008, Bhat, 2007, Takaesu et al., 2008, Rusten et al., 2006, Crozatier and Vincent, 2008, Bejarano et al., 2008, Bhattacharya and Baker, 2009, Braid and Verheyen, 2008, Jin et al., 2008, Almudi et al., 2009, McKay et al., 2009, Mao and Freeman, 2009, Orgogozo and Grueber, 2005, Kandachar et al., 2008, Eid et al., 2008, Roegiers et al., 2009, Yoshioka et al., 2007, Mirth et al., 2009, Andrews et al., 2009, Genevet et al., 2009, Rajan et al., 2009, Buceta et al., 2007, O'Farrell and Kylsten, 2008, O'Keefe et al., 2009, Li et al., 2007, Yan et al., 2009, Steele et al., 2009, Shimono et al., 2009, Pines et al., 2010, Mao et al., 2008, Hatton-Ellis et al., 2007, Saj et al., 2010, Maurel-Zaffran et al., 2010, Yu et al., 2010, Li et al., 2010, Bejarano et al., 2010, Swanson et al., 2010, Siddall et al., 2009, Yu et al., 2010, Usha and Shashidhara, 2010, Chen et al., 2009, Quijano et al., 2010, Beam and Moberg, 2010, Hamel et al., 2010, Fan et al., 2010, Cohen et al., 2010, Bernard et al., 2010, Wu et al., 2010, Silver et al., 2007, Poulton et al., 2011, Yan et al., 2011, Benhra et al., 2011, Kugler and Nagel, 2010, Hasegawa et al., 2011, Johnson et al., 2011) CUT (Levine et al., 2008, Pickup et al., 2009, Ashton-Beaucage et al., 2010) kinked-femur (Fahmy and Fahmy, 1959, )
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0000383 FBgn0001303 FBgn0029953 FBgn0062500
References ( 791 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 791 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 598 ) Supplementary material  ( 10 ) Review  ( 73 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 12 ) Abstract  ( 80 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 2 ) Letter  ( 2 ) Conference report  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Book  ( 4 ) Computer file  ( 4 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 ) Stock list  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 52 )
	Benhra et al., 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(1): 87--95 AP-1 Controls the Trafficking of Notch and Sanpodo toward E-Cadherin Junctions in Sensory Organ Precursors. [FBrf0212697] Charlton-Perkins et al., 2011, Neural Dev. 6: 20 Prospero and Pax2 combinatorially control neural cell fate decisions by modulating Ras- and Notch-dependent signaling. [FBrf0213993] Hasegawa et al., 2011, Development 138(5): 983--993 Concentric zones, cell migration and neuronal circuits in the Drosophila visual center. [FBrf0213020] Johnson et al., 2011, Dev. Dyn. 240(7): 1769--1778 Discrete regulatory regions control early and late expression of D-Pax2 during external sensory organ development. [FBrf0213950] Maruyama et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(6): e20901 Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals a Major Role in Cell Fate Maintenance and an Unexpected Role in Endoreduplication for the Drosophila FoxA Gene Fork Head. [FBrf0214025] Poulton et al., 2011, Development 138(9): 1737--1745 The microRNA pathway regulates the temporal pattern of Notch signaling in Drosophila follicle cells. [FBrf0213494] Rebeiz et al., 2011, Development 138(2): 215--225 Notch regulates numb: integration of conditional and autonomous cell fate specification. [FBrf0212636] Sulkowski et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(7): e22611 Turtle functions downstream of cut in differentially regulating class specific dendrite morphogenesis in Drosophila. [FBrf0214622] van Eyk et al., 2011, Hum. Mol. Genet. 20(14): 2783--2794 Perturbation of the Akt/Gsk3-{beta} signalling pathway is common to Drosophila expressing expanded untranslated CAG, CUG and AUUCU repeat RNAs. [FBrf0213942] Weake et al., 2011, Genes Dev. 25(14): 1499--1509 Post-transcription initiation function of the ubiquitous SAGA complex in tissue-specific gene activation. [FBrf0214372] Yan et al., 2011, Development 138(9): 1697--1703 Drosophila PI4KIIIalpha is required in follicle cells for oocyte polarization and Hippo signaling. [FBrf0213488] Ashton-Beaucage et al., 2010, Cell 143(2): 251--262 The exon junction complex controls the splicing of MAPK and other long intron-containing transcripts in Drosophila. [FBrf0212064] Beam and Moberg, 2010, Fly 4(2): 104--116 The gang of four gene regulates growth and patterning of the developing Drosophila eye. [FBrf0211089] Becam et al., 2010, Curr. Biol. 20(6): 554--560 A role of receptor notch in ligand cis-inhibition in Drosophila. [FBrf0210405] Bejarano et al., 2010, Dev. Biol. 338(1): 63--73 miR-9a prevents apoptosis during wing development by repressing Drosophila LIM-only. [FBrf0209786] Benhra et al., 2010, Mol. Biol. Cell 21(12): 2078--2086 Neuralized promotes Basal to apical transcytosis of delta in epithelial cells. [FBrf0211002] Bernard et al., 2010, Development 137(16): 2633--2642 Specificity of Notch pathway activation: twist controls the transcriptional output in adult muscle progenitors. [FBrf0211412] Buffin and Gho, 2010, PLoS ONE 5(2): e9285 Laser microdissection of sensory organ precursor cells of Drosophila microchaetes. [FBrf0210039] Bunt et al., 2010, Dev. Cell 19(2): 296--306 Hemocyte-Secreted Type IV Collagen Enhances BMP Signaling to Guide Renal Tubule Morphogenesis in Drosophila. [FBrf0211514] Campbell et al., 2010, Mech. Dev. 127(7-8): 345--357 Mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition of intercalating cells in Drosophila renal tubules depends on polarity cues from epithelial neighbours. [FBrf0211143] Cohen et al., 2010, Dev. Cell 19(1): 78--89 Dynamic Filopodia Transmit Intermittent Delta-Notch Signaling to Drive Pattern Refinement during Lateral Inhibition. [FBrf0211296] Cordero and Cagan, 2010, Dev. Dyn. 239(3): 875--884 Canonical wingless signaling regulates cone cell specification in the Drosophila retina. [FBrf0210104] Duncan et al., 2010, Dev. Biol. 347(1): 82--91 Control of the spineless antennal enhancer: Direct repression of antennal target genes by Antennapedia. [FBrf0211931] Egger-Adam and Katanaev, 2010, Dev. Dyn. 239(1): 168--183 The trimeric G protein Go inflicts a double impact on axin in the Wnt/frizzled signaling pathway. [FBrf0209618] Fan et al., 2010, Cell Death Differ. 17(6): 912--921 Dual roles of Drosophila p53 in cell death and cell differentiation. [FBrf0210741] Figeac et al., 2010, Development 137(12): 1965--1973 Drosophila adult muscle precursors form a network of interconnected cells and are specified by the rhomboid-triggered EGF pathway. [FBrf0210887] Fiuza et al., 2010, Dev. Dyn. 239(3): 798--805 Mechanisms of ligand-mediated inhibition in Notch signaling activity in Drosophila. [FBrf0210118] Genevet et al., 2010, Dev. Cell 18(2): 300--308 Kibra is a regulator of the Salvador/Warts/Hippo signaling network. [FBrf0211094] Hamel et al., 2010, J. Cell Biol. 188(4): 581--594 Notch ligand activity is modulated by glycosphingolipid membrane composition in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0210025] Herr et al., 2010, Dev. Biol. 344(1): 36--51 Geminin and Brahma act antagonistically to regulate EGFR-Ras-MAPK signaling in Drosophila. [FBrf0211319] Kugler and Nagel, 2010, Mol. Biol. Cell 21(19): 3443--3448 A novel Pzg-NURF complex regulates Notch target gene activity. [FBrf0211977] Levine et al., 2010, Dev. Biol. 344(1): 196--209 Opposing interactions between Drosophila Cut and the C/EBP encoded by Slow Border Cells direct apical constriction and epithelial invagination. [FBrf0211314] Li et al., 2010, Genes Dev. 24(9): 933--946 Polycomb group genes Psc and Su(z)2 restrict follicle stem cell self-renewal and extrusion by controlling canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling. [FBrf0210675] Maurel-Zaffran et al., 2010, Dev. Biol. 343(1-2): 18--27 Reiterative use of signalling pathways controls multiple cellular events during Drosophila posterior spiracle organogenesis. [FBrf0211024] Mukai et al., 2010, EMBO J. 29(13): 2114--2125 Balanced ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation of Frizzled regulate cellular responsiveness to Wg/Wnt. [FBrf0211204] Müller et al., 2010, PLoS ONE 5(12): e14323 Regulation and Functions of the lms Homeobox Gene during Development of Embryonic Lateral Transverse Muscles and Direct Flight Muscles in Drosophila. [FBrf0212632] Oliver et al., 2010, BMC Cell Biol. 11: 101 The chromosomal association/dissociation of the chromatin insulator protein Cp190 of Drosophila melanogaster is mediated by the BTB/POZ domain and two acidic regions. [FBrf0212850] Pines et al., 2010, Development 137(6): 913--922 The cytolinker Pigs is a direct target and a negative regulator of Notch signalling. [FBrf0210124] Pitsouli and Perrimon, 2010, Development 137(21): 3615--3624 Embryonic multipotent progenitors remodel the Drosophila airways during metamorphosis. [FBrf0212055] Quijano et al., 2010, PLoS ONE 5(7): e11619 The Sno Oncogene Antagonizes Wingless Signaling during Wing Development in Drosophila. [FBrf0211340] Saj et al., 2010, Dev. Cell 18(5): 862--876 A combined ex vivo and in vivo RNAi screen for notch regulators in Drosophila reveals an extensive notch interaction network. [FBrf0210834] Song et al., 2010, Genes Dev. 24(9): 881--886 Coop functions as a corepressor of Pangolin and antagonizes Wingless signaling. [FBrf0213249] Suissa et al., 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(15): 6930--6935 Hrp48 attenuates Sxl expression to allow for proper notch expression and signaling in wing development. [FBrf0210601] Swanson et al., 2010, Dev. Cell 18(3): 359--370 Structural Rules and Complex Regulatory Circuitry Constrain Expression of a Notch- and EGFR-Regulated Eye Enhancer. [FBrf0210200] Tong et al., 2010, Mol. Biol. Cell 21(5): 802--810 Numb independently antagonizes sanpodo membrane targeting and notch signaling in Drosophila sensory organ precursor cells. [FBrf0210112] Tran et al., 2010, Development 137(9): 1421--1430 Recombineering Hunchback identifies two conserved domains required to maintain neuroblast competence and specify early-born neuronal identity. [FBrf0210578] Usha and Shashidhara, 2010, Dev. Biol. 341(2): 389--399 Interaction between Ataxin-2 Binding Protein 1 and Cubitus-interruptus during wing development in Drosophila. [FBrf0210647] Vaccari et al., 2010, Development 137(11): 1825--1832 The vacuolar ATPase is required for physiological as well as pathological activation of the Notch receptor. [FBrf0210791] Wang et al., 2010, Dev. Biol. 342(1): 1--10 Regulation of EGFR and Notch signaling by distinct isoforms of D-cbl during Drosophila development. [FBrf0210731] Wu et al., 2010, Mech. Dev. 127(9-12): 407--417 grim promotes programmed cell death of Drosophila microchaete glial cells. [FBrf0212047] Yu et al., 2010, Dev. Cell 18(2): 288--299 Kibra Functions as a Tumor Suppressor Protein that Regulates Hippo Signaling in Conjunction with Merlin and Expanded. [FBrf0210017] Zhai et al., 2010, Europ. J. Cell Biol. 89(2-3): 273--278 Cellular analysis of newly identified Hox downstream genes in Drosophila. [FBrf0209935] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...