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Gene Dmel\HmgD

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\HmgD	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	High mobility group protein D	Annotation symbol	CG17950
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0004362
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	27 publicly available
Also Known As	HMG-D, HMG D
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2R	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	57F10-57F10	Sequence location	2R:17,600,861..17,604,232 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene High mobility group protein D is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\HmgD (CG17950, FBgn0004362). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: DNA binding, bending; AT DNA binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: chromatin organization; dendrite morphogenesis; muscle organ development. 41 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: rhabdomere R7; mesothoracic tergum. It has 3 annotated transcripts and 3 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: High mobility group (HMG) box domain. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of extremely high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system, adult ovary. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, larval fat body, larval salivary gland, larval trachea, adult spermathecae, adult male reproductive system, larval carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1636883_s_at completely aligns to an exonic region common to each of the 3 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of HmgD. Gene sequence location is 2R:17600836..17604230.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 57F10-57F10   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}Tim10EP541&P{lacW}l(2)k09617k09617 and P{PZ}l(2)0783707837
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 57F8-57F11   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Wagner, 1992) 57F8-57F11   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Wagner et al., 1992)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\HmgD for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated. Apparent introns not annotated: probable artifact due to repetitive sequence. Gene model reviewed during 5.51
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) HmgD-RA FBtr0071708  NM_166479   1280   112 HmgD-RB FBtr0071709  NM_166480   1279   112 HmgD-RC FBtr0301410  NM_001169773   967   112
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	1.3, 0.95 (northern blot) (Wagner et al., 1992) 1.3, 0.9 (northern blot) (Ner et al., 1993)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein HmgD-PA   FBpp0071625   12.4   112   9.90     NP_726109   AAF46759 HmgD-PB   FBpp0071626   12.4   112   9.90     NP_726110   AAM71011 HmgD-PC   FBpp0290624   12.4   112   9.90     NP_001163244   ACZ94516
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	112 (aa); 14.5 (kD observed); 12.3 (kD predicted) (Wagner et al., 1992) 112 (aa) (Ner et al., 1993)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • High mobility group (HMG) box domain (IPR009071) PDB - Protein Data Bank. An information portal to biological macromolecular structures • 1E7J 1HMA 1QRV
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA202112   AA246232   AA246669   AA263459   AA264769   AA391448   AA439331   AA439339   AA439561   AA440278   AA440720   AA441570   AA540644   AA540722   AA567229   AA695367   AA695566   AA696715   AA696720   AA735705   AA802264   AA802576   AA820753   AA990732   AE013599 AAF46759   AE013599 AAM71011   AE013599 ACZ94516   AI124252   AI258103   AI455508   AI518707   AY118333 AAM48362   AY231770   AY231797   BG640836   BI162960   BI163145   BI164906   BI165471   BI165610   BI166118   BI166590   BI166867   BI167234   BI168585   BI168791   BI169920   BI171402   BI212136   BI212372   BI212491   BI213761   BI214015   BI214409   BI215284   BI216489   BI216530   BI228382   BI229186   BI229349   BI232506   BI232915   BI233177   BI234387   BI235855   BI236687   BI237552   BI237980   BI238762   BI239932   BI240865   BI241192   BI242092   BI242502   BI243248   BI243476   BI356144   BI358592   BI363732   BI364016   BI364473   BI365064   BI366031   BI366207   BI366540   BI366644   BI370016   BI371033   BI373068   BI373152   BI373419   BI483661   BI483954   BI484038   BI486115   BI571564   BI572065   BI577430   BI579261   BI579766   BI580308   BI580781   BI592490   BI609821   BI610684   BI611327   BI638197   BP540457   BP541231   BP543451   BP543452   BP543467   BP543468   BP546014   BP546944   BP547510   BP549019   BP549020   BP549303   BP549422   BP549423   BP549548   BP549549   BP552491   BP552492   BP554589   BP555001   BP555652   BP555653   BP556756   BP558150   BP559184   BP559185   BP559186   BP560066   BP560386   CK657871   CK657877   CL610144   CO177116   CO183144   CO187936   CO192099   CO196418   CO263984   CO270572   CO272038   CO277048   CO284637   CO286854   CO288009   CO288481   CO288772   CO290274   CO293558   CO294430   CO295761   CO297548   CO302595   CO305522   CO307604   CO307621   CO309878   CO310729   CO315423   CO315936   CO316036   CO316370   CO320216   CO332903   CO336757   CO340093   CO341348   CO345553   CZ466904   CZ490241   CZ490242   EC052247   EC052365   EC052787   EC054339   EC059519   EC062402   EC064097   EC064277   EC066502   EC068458   EC069597   EC071706   EC077394   EC077912   EC079459   EC079692   EC081364   EC081599   EC082422   EC087090   EC088974   EC196045   EC196365   EC202010   EC214120   EC218448   EC218951   EC221509   EC221510   EC223296   EC223966   EC224260   EC224996   EC225151   EC226442   EC226814   EC227565   EC238352   EC238465   EC240871   EC241122   EC246027   EC247341   EC249413   EC249421   EC255798   EC259778   EC260414   EC267845   EL887504   EV574914   EV574960   EV580208   EV581166   EV581352   EV586303   EV590390   EV591348   GH775894   GH864343   GH895254   GH921145   GH941136   GH941713   GH942230   GH942843   GH943689   GH943739   GH943746   GH945982   GH946332   GH946642   GH947925   GH951385   GH955689   GH956524   GH963945   GH966667   GH969536   GH970047   GH974873   GH976577   GH978668   GH979285   GH979908   GH979912   M77023 AAA28609   X71138 CAA50468
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	Q05783
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	C0MJA0
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | early   organism | ubiquitous   (Stroumbakis and Tolias, 1994) embryonic stage 1 -- 3   organism | intense & ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:maternally deposited embryonic stage 4 -- 6   organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 7 -- 8   organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 9 -- 10   central brain primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | faint & ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 9 -- 16   presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system   (Stroumbakis and Tolias, 1994) embryonic stage 9 -- 17   neuroblast   (Stroumbakis and Tolias, 1994) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   central brain primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | faint & ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 11 -- 15   presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system | restricted   (Stroumbakis and Tolias, 1994) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   embryonic brain   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord   (Fisher et al., 2012) adult stage & oogenesis   germarium   (Stroumbakis and Tolias, 1994) adult stageoogenesis stage S1 -- S6     (Stroumbakis and Tolias, 1994) follicle cell   (Stroumbakis and Tolias, 1994) adult stageoogenesis stage S1 -- S14   nurse cell   (Stroumbakis and Tolias, 1994) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage     (Wagner et al., 1992, Ner et al., 1993) adult stage | female     (Wagner et al., 1992, Ner et al., 1993)
Additional Descriptive Data
	HmgD transcripts are present throughout the germarium. They are also present in all of the germline nurse cells and the somatic follicle cells in stage 1-6 egg chambers. From stage 7, HmgD transcripts stop accumulating in the follicle cells but continue to be present in the nurse cells. They accumulate around the periphery of the oocyte and remain localized until the end of oogenesis. In early embryos, weak general expression is observed. HmgD expression resumes in stage 9 embryos where strong staining is seen in all neuroblasts. Starting in stage 11, staining is observed in a subset of cells of the PNS. Nervous system staining persists through most of embryogenesis. No staining is observed in commissures or longitudinal connectives. (Stroumbakis and Tolias, 1994) HmgD transcripts are abundant in embryos and adult females. (Wagner et al., 1992) HmgD transcripts are observed mainly in embryos and adult females on northern blots. (Ner et al., 1993)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
enzyme assay or biochemical detection Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage -- adult stage     (Wagner et al., 1992) immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 4   organism   • nucleus (Renner et al., 2000)
Additional Descriptive Data
	HmgD protein is associated with condensed chromatin structures during the first six nuclear cleavage cycles of the developing embryo. Histone H1 is absent from these same structures. (Wagner et al., 1992, Ner and Travers, 1994) HmgD protein is present at a constant level throughout embryogenesis but the number of molecules per nucleus declines with each cleavage cycle. (Ner and Travers, 1994)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
colocalizes_with nuclear chromatin inferred from direct assay (Ner and Travers, 1994)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system, adult ovary. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, larval fat body, larval salivary gland, larval trachea, adult spermathecae, adult male reproductive system, larval carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1943.9 Larval Midgut    167 Larval Hindgut    290.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    139.7 Larval Fat Body    218.4 Larval Salivary Gland    350.4 Larval Trachea    447.575 Larval Carcass    438.9 Adult Head    138 Adult Eye    81.1 Adult Brain    259 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    133.2 Adult Crop    207.4 Adult Midgut    102.4 Adult Hindgut    98.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    169.9 Adult Fat Body    66.9 Adult Salivary Gland    50.5 Adult Heart    77.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    156.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    136.9 Adult Ovary    1050.3 Adult Testis    132.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    112.8 Adult Carcass    69.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (1943.9) Larval Midgut    167 Larval Hindgut    290.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    139.7 Larval Fat Body    218.4 Larval Salivary Gland    350.4 Larval Trachea    447.575 Larval Carcass    438.9 Adult Head    138 Adult Eye    81.1 Adult Brain    259 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    133.2 Adult Crop    207.4 Adult Midgut    102.4 Adult Hindgut    98.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    169.9 Adult Fat Body    66.9 Adult Salivary Gland    50.5 Adult Heart    77.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    156.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    136.9 Adult Ovary  (1050.3) Adult Testis    132.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    112.8 Adult Carcass    69.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (1943.9) Larval Midgut    167 Larval Hindgut    290.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    139.7 Larval Fat Body    218.4 Larval Salivary Gland    350.4 Larval Trachea    447.575 Larval Carcass    438.9 Adult Head    138 Adult Eye    81.1 Adult Brain    259 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    133.2 Adult Crop    207.4 Adult Midgut    102.4 Adult Hindgut    98.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    169.9 Adult Fat Body    66.9 Adult Salivary Gland    50.5 Adult Heart    77.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    156.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    136.9 Adult Ovary  1050.3 Adult Testis    132.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    112.8 Adult Carcass    69.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1943.9 Larval Midgut    167 Larval Hindgut    290.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    139.7 Larval Fat Body    218.4 Larval Salivary Gland    350.4 Larval Trachea    447.575 Larval Carcass    438.9 Adult Head    138 Adult Eye    81.1 Adult Brain    259 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    133.2 Adult Crop    207.4 Adult Midgut    102.4 Adult Hindgut    98.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    169.9 Adult Fat Body    66.9 Adult Salivary Gland    50.5 Adult Heart    77.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    156.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    136.9 Adult Ovary    1050.3 Adult Testis    132.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    112.8 Adult Carcass    69.3 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1943.9 Larval Midgut    167 Larval Hindgut    290.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    139.7 Larval Fat Body    218.4 Larval Salivary Gland    350.4 Larval Trachea    447.575 Larval Carcass    438.9 Adult Head    138 Adult Eye    81.1 Adult Brain    259 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    133.2 Adult Crop    207.4 Adult Midgut    102.4 Adult Hindgut    98.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    169.9 Adult Fat Body    66.9 Adult Salivary Gland    50.5 Adult Heart    77.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    156.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    136.9 Adult Ovary    1050.3 Adult Testis    132.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    112.8 Adult Carcass    69.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (1943.9) Larval Midgut    167 Larval Hindgut    290.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    139.7 Larval Fat Body    218.4 Larval Salivary Gland    350.4 Larval Trachea    447.575 Larval Carcass    438.9 Adult Head    138 Adult Eye    81.1 Adult Brain    259 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    133.2 Adult Crop    207.4 Adult Midgut    102.4 Adult Hindgut    98.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    169.9 Adult Fat Body    66.9 Adult Salivary Gland    50.5 Adult Heart    77.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    156.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    136.9 Adult Ovary  (1050.3) Adult Testis    132.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    112.8 Adult Carcass    69.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (1943.9) Larval Midgut    167 Larval Hindgut    290.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    139.7 Larval Fat Body    218.4 Larval Salivary Gland    350.4 Larval Trachea    447.575 Larval Carcass    438.9 Adult Head    138 Adult Eye    81.1 Adult Brain    259 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    133.2 Adult Crop    207.4 Adult Midgut    102.4 Adult Hindgut    98.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    169.9 Adult Fat Body    66.9 Adult Salivary Gland    50.5 Adult Heart    77.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    156.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    136.9 Adult Ovary  1050.3 Adult Testis    132.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    112.8 Adult Carcass    69.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1943.9 Larval Midgut    167 Larval Hindgut    290.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    139.7 Larval Fat Body    218.4 Larval Salivary Gland    350.4 Larval Trachea    447.575 Larval Carcass    438.9 Adult Head    138 Adult Eye    81.1 Adult Brain    259 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    133.2 Adult Crop    207.4 Adult Midgut    102.4 Adult Hindgut    98.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    169.9 Adult Fat Body    66.9 Adult Salivary Gland    50.5 Adult Heart    77.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    156.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    136.9 Adult Ovary    1050.3 Adult Testis    132.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    112.8 Adult Carcass    69.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    138   NA  Eye    81.1   NA  Brain    259   1943.9  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    133.2   NA  Crop    207.4   167  Midgut    102.4   290.6  Hindgut    98.9   139.7  Malpighian Tubules    169.9   218.4  Fat Body    66.9   350.4  Salivary Gland    50.5   NA  Heart    77.7   447.575  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    156.9   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    136.9   NA  Ovary    1050.3   NA  Testis    132.3   NA  Male Accessory Gland    112.8   438.9  Carcass    69.3 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1036 central nervous system, larvae L3    2767 central nervous system, pupae P8    321 head, virgin 1-day female    49 head, virgin 4-day female    83 head, virgin 20-day female    34 head, mated 1-day female    82 head, mated 4-day female    70 head, mated 20-day female    74 head, mated 1-day male    62 head, mated 4-day male    92 head, mated 20-day male    119 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    24 salivary gland, white prepupae    128 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    225 digestive system, 1-day adult    45 digestive system, 4-day adult    105 digestive system, 20-day adult    60 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    65 fat body, white prepupae    291 fat body, pupae P8    347 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    941 carcass, 1-day adult    51 carcass, 4-day adult    105 carcass, 20-day adult    90 ovary, virgin 4-day female    1122 ovary, mated 4-day female    1910 testis, mated 4-day male    72 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    82 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (1036) central nervous system, larvae L3  (2767) central nervous system, pupae P8  (321) head, virgin 1-day female  (49) head, virgin 4-day female  (83) head, virgin 20-day female  (34) head, mated 1-day female  (82) head, mated 4-day female  (70) head, mated 20-day female  (74) head, mated 1-day male  (62) head, mated 4-day male  (92) head, mated 20-day male  (119) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    24 salivary gland, white prepupae  (128) digestive system, larvae L3 wandering  (225) digestive system, 1-day adult  (45) digestive system, 4-day adult  (105) digestive system, 20-day adult  (60) fat body, larvae L3 wandering  (65) fat body, white prepupae  (291) fat body, pupae P8  (347) carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (941) carcass, 1-day adult  (51) carcass, 4-day adult  (105) carcass, 20-day adult  (90) ovary, virgin 4-day female  (1122) ovary, mated 4-day female  (1910) testis, mated 4-day male  (72) accessory gland, mated 4-day male  (82) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (1036) central nervous system, larvae L3  (2767) central nervous system, pupae P8  (321) head, virgin 1-day female    49 head, virgin 4-day female    83 head, virgin 20-day female    34 head, mated 1-day female    82 head, mated 4-day female    70 head, mated 20-day female    74 head, mated 1-day male    62 head, mated 4-day male    92 head, mated 20-day male  (119) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    24 salivary gland, white prepupae  (128) digestive system, larvae L3 wandering  (225) digestive system, 1-day adult    45 digestive system, 4-day adult  105 digestive system, 20-day adult    60 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    65 fat body, white prepupae  (291) fat body, pupae P8  (347) carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (941) carcass, 1-day adult    51 carcass, 4-day adult  105 carcass, 20-day adult    90 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (1122) ovary, mated 4-day female  (1910) testis, mated 4-day male    72 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    82 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1036 central nervous system, larvae L3    2767 central nervous system, pupae P8    321 head, virgin 1-day female    49 head, virgin 4-day female    83 head, virgin 20-day female    34 head, mated 1-day female    82 head, mated 4-day female    70 head, mated 20-day female    74 head, mated 1-day male    62 head, mated 4-day male    92 head, mated 20-day male    119 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    24 salivary gland, white prepupae    128 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    225 digestive system, 1-day adult    45 digestive system, 4-day adult    105 digestive system, 20-day adult    60 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    65 fat body, white prepupae    291 fat body, pupae P8    347 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    941 carcass, 1-day adult    51 carcass, 4-day adult    105 carcass, 20-day adult    90 ovary, virgin 4-day female    1122 ovary, mated 4-day female    1910 testis, mated 4-day male    72 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    82 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1036 central nervous system, larvae L3    2767 central nervous system, pupae P8    321 head, virgin 1-day female    49 head, virgin 4-day female    83 head, virgin 20-day female    34 head, mated 1-day female    82 head, mated 4-day female    70 head, mated 20-day female    74 head, mated 1-day male    62 head, mated 4-day male    92 head, mated 20-day male    119 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    24 salivary gland, white prepupae    128 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    225 digestive system, 1-day adult    45 digestive system, 4-day adult    105 digestive system, 20-day adult    60 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    65 fat body, white prepupae    291 fat body, pupae P8    347 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    941 carcass, 1-day adult    51 carcass, 4-day adult    105 carcass, 20-day adult    90 ovary, virgin 4-day female    1122 ovary, mated 4-day female    1910 testis, mated 4-day male    72 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    82 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (1036) central nervous system, larvae L3  (2767) central nervous system, pupae P8  (321) head, virgin 1-day female  (49) head, virgin 4-day female  (83) head, virgin 20-day female  (34) head, mated 1-day female  (82) head, mated 4-day female  (70) head, mated 20-day female  (74) head, mated 1-day male  (62) head, mated 4-day male  (92) head, mated 20-day male  (119) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    24 salivary gland, white prepupae  (128) digestive system, larvae L3 wandering  (225) digestive system, 1-day adult  (45) digestive system, 4-day adult  (105) digestive system, 20-day adult  (60) fat body, larvae L3 wandering  (65) fat body, white prepupae  (291) fat body, pupae P8  (347) carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (941) carcass, 1-day adult  (51) carcass, 4-day adult  (105) carcass, 20-day adult  (90) ovary, virgin 4-day female  (1122) ovary, mated 4-day female  (1910) testis, mated 4-day male  (72) accessory gland, mated 4-day male  (82) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (1036) central nervous system, larvae L3  (2767) central nervous system, pupae P8  (321) head, virgin 1-day female    49 head, virgin 4-day female    83 head, virgin 20-day female    34 head, mated 1-day female    82 head, mated 4-day female    70 head, mated 20-day female    74 head, mated 1-day male    62 head, mated 4-day male    92 head, mated 20-day male  119 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    24 salivary gland, white prepupae  128 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering  (225) digestive system, 1-day adult    45 digestive system, 4-day adult  105 digestive system, 20-day adult    60 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    65 fat body, white prepupae  (291) fat body, pupae P8  (347) carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (941) carcass, 1-day adult    51 carcass, 4-day adult  105 carcass, 20-day adult    90 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (1122) ovary, mated 4-day female  (1910) testis, mated 4-day male    72 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    82 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1036 central nervous system, larvae L3    2767 central nervous system, pupae P8    321 head, virgin 1-day female    49 head, virgin 4-day female    83 head, virgin 20-day female    34 head, mated 1-day female    82 head, mated 4-day female    70 head, mated 20-day female    74 head, mated 1-day male    62 head, mated 4-day male    92 head, mated 20-day male    119 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    24 salivary gland, white prepupae    128 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    225 digestive system, 1-day adult    45 digestive system, 4-day adult    105 digestive system, 20-day adult    60 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    65 fat body, white prepupae    291 fat body, pupae P8    347 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    941 carcass, 1-day adult    51 carcass, 4-day adult    105 carcass, 20-day adult    90 ovary, virgin 4-day female    1122 ovary, mated 4-day female    1910 testis, mated 4-day male    72 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    82 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of extremely high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 hour embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    554 embryo 02-04hr    992 embryo 04-06hr    1707 embryo 06-08hr    1931 embryo 08-10hr    1491 embryo 10-12hr    1074 embryo 12-14hr    653 embryo 14-16hr    259 embryo 16-18hr    176 embryo 18-20hr    86 embryo 20-22hr    52 embryo 22-24hr    71 larva L1    62 larva L2    103 larva L3 12hr old    66 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    167 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    255 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    351 white prepupae new    354 white prepupae 12hr    252 white prepupae 24hr    342 pupae 2d postWPP    115 pupae 3d postWPP    34 pupae 4d postWPP    32 adult male 01day    18 adult male 05day    22 adult male 30day    24 adult female 01day    142 adult female 05day    292 adult female 30day    288 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (554) embryo 02-04hr  (992) embryo 04-06hr  (1707) embryo 06-08hr  (1931) embryo 08-10hr  (1491) embryo 10-12hr  (1074) embryo 12-14hr  (653) embryo 14-16hr  (259) embryo 16-18hr  (176) embryo 18-20hr  (86) embryo 20-22hr  (52) embryo 22-24hr  (71) larva L1  (62) larva L2  (103) larva L3 12hr old  (66) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (167) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (255) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (351) white prepupae new  (354) white prepupae 12hr  (252) white prepupae 24hr  (342) pupae 2d postWPP  (115) pupae 3d postWPP  (34) pupae 4d postWPP  (32) adult male 01day    18 adult male 05day    22 adult male 30day    24 adult female 01day  (142) adult female 05day  (292) adult female 30day  (288) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (554) embryo 02-04hr  (992) embryo 04-06hr  (1707) embryo 06-08hr  (1931) embryo 08-10hr  (1491) embryo 10-12hr  (1074) embryo 12-14hr  (653) embryo 14-16hr  (259) embryo 16-18hr  (176) embryo 18-20hr    86 embryo 20-22hr    52 embryo 22-24hr    71 larva L1    62 larva L2  103 larva L3 12hr old    66 larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (167) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (255) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (351) white prepupae new  (354) white prepupae 12hr  (252) white prepupae 24hr  (342) pupae 2d postWPP  (115) pupae 3d postWPP    34 pupae 4d postWPP    32 adult male 01day    18 adult male 05day    22 adult male 30day    24 adult female 01day  (142) adult female 05day  (292) adult female 30day  (288) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    554 embryo 02-04hr    992 embryo 04-06hr    1707 embryo 06-08hr    1931 embryo 08-10hr    1491 embryo 10-12hr    1074 embryo 12-14hr    653 embryo 14-16hr    259 embryo 16-18hr    176 embryo 18-20hr    86 embryo 20-22hr    52 embryo 22-24hr    71 larva L1    62 larva L2    103 larva L3 12hr old    66 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    167 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    255 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    351 white prepupae new    354 white prepupae 12hr    252 white prepupae 24hr    342 pupae 2d postWPP    115 pupae 3d postWPP    34 pupae 4d postWPP    32 adult male 01day    18 adult male 05day    22 adult male 30day    24 adult female 01day    142 adult female 05day    292 adult female 30day    288 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    554 embryo 02-04hr    992 embryo 04-06hr    1707 embryo 06-08hr    1931 embryo 08-10hr    1491 embryo 10-12hr    1074 embryo 12-14hr    653 embryo 14-16hr    259 embryo 16-18hr    176 embryo 18-20hr    86 embryo 20-22hr    52 embryo 22-24hr    71 larva L1    62 larva L2    103 larva L3 12hr old    66 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    167 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    255 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    351 white prepupae new    354 white prepupae 12hr    252 white prepupae 24hr    342 pupae 2d postWPP    115 pupae 3d postWPP    34 pupae 4d postWPP    32 adult male 01day    18 adult male 05day    22 adult male 30day    24 adult female 01day    142 adult female 05day    292 adult female 30day    288 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (554) embryo 02-04hr  (992) embryo 04-06hr  (1707) embryo 06-08hr  (1931) embryo 08-10hr  (1491) embryo 10-12hr  (1074) embryo 12-14hr  (653) embryo 14-16hr  (259) embryo 16-18hr  (176) embryo 18-20hr  (86) embryo 20-22hr  (52) embryo 22-24hr  (71) larva L1  (62) larva L2  (103) larva L3 12hr old  (66) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (167) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (255) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (351) white prepupae new  (354) white prepupae 12hr  (252) white prepupae 24hr  (342) pupae 2d postWPP  (115) pupae 3d postWPP  (34) pupae 4d postWPP  32 adult male 01day    18 adult male 05day    22 adult male 30day    24 adult female 01day  (142) adult female 05day  (292) adult female 30day  (288) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (554) embryo 02-04hr  (992) embryo 04-06hr  (1707) embryo 06-08hr  (1931) embryo 08-10hr  (1491) embryo 10-12hr  (1074) embryo 12-14hr  (653) embryo 14-16hr  (259) embryo 16-18hr  (176) embryo 18-20hr    86 embryo 20-22hr    52 embryo 22-24hr    71 larva L1    62 larva L2  103 larva L3 12hr old    66 larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (167) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (255) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (351) white prepupae new  (354) white prepupae 12hr  (252) white prepupae 24hr  (342) pupae 2d postWPP  115 pupae 3d postWPP    34 pupae 4d postWPP    32 adult male 01day    18 adult male 05day    22 adult male 30day    24 adult female 01day  142 adult female 05day  (292) adult female 30day  (288) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    554 embryo 02-04hr    992 embryo 04-06hr    1707 embryo 06-08hr    1931 embryo 08-10hr    1491 embryo 10-12hr    1074 embryo 12-14hr    653 embryo 14-16hr    259 embryo 16-18hr    176 embryo 18-20hr    86 embryo 20-22hr    52 embryo 22-24hr    71 larva L1    62 larva L2    103 larva L3 12hr old    66 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    167 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    255 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    351 white prepupae new    354 white prepupae 12hr    252 white prepupae 24hr    342 pupae 2d postWPP    115 pupae 3d postWPP    34 pupae 4d postWPP    32 adult male 01day    18 adult male 05day    22 adult male 30day    24 adult female 01day    142 adult female 05day    292 adult female 30day    288 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    1637 Schneider line 2 Sg4    771 embryonic 1182-4H    624 embryonic GM2    213 embryonic Kc167    562 embryonic S1    855 embryonic S3    941 leg disc CME L1    894 wing disc CME-W2    638 wing disc ML-DmD8    802 wing disc ML-DmD9    763 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    1046 wing disc ML-DmD21    1944 wing disc ML-DmD32    1493 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    1238 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    596 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    689 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    1194 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    972 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    295 tumorous blood cells mbn2    457 ovary fGS/OSS    3390 ovary OSC    2376 ovary OSS    1750 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (1637) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (771) embryonic 1182-4H  (624) embryonic GM2  (213) embryonic Kc167  (562) embryonic S1  (855) embryonic S3  (941) leg disc CME L1  (894) wing disc CME-W2  (638) wing disc ML-DmD8  (802) wing disc ML-DmD9  (763) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (1046) wing disc ML-DmD21  (1944) wing disc ML-DmD32  (1493) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (1238) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (596) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (689) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (1194) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (972) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (295) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (457) ovary fGS/OSS  (3390) ovary OSC  (2376) ovary OSS  (1750) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (1637) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (771) embryonic 1182-4H  (624) embryonic GM2  (213) embryonic Kc167  (562) embryonic S1  (855) embryonic S3  (941) leg disc CME L1  (894) wing disc CME-W2  (638) wing disc ML-DmD8  (802) wing disc ML-DmD9  (763) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (1046) wing disc ML-DmD21  (1944) wing disc ML-DmD32  (1493) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (1238) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (596) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (689) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (1194) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (972) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (295) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (457) ovary fGS/OSS  (3390) ovary OSC  (2376) ovary OSS  (1750) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    1637 Schneider line 2 Sg4    771 embryonic 1182-4H    624 embryonic GM2    213 embryonic Kc167    562 embryonic S1    855 embryonic S3    941 leg disc CME L1    894 wing disc CME-W2    638 wing disc ML-DmD8    802 wing disc ML-DmD9    763 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    1046 wing disc ML-DmD21    1944 wing disc ML-DmD32    1493 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    1238 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    596 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    689 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    1194 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    972 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    295 tumorous blood cells mbn2    457 ovary fGS/OSS    3390 ovary OSC    2376 ovary OSS    1750 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    1637 Schneider line 2 Sg4    771 embryonic 1182-4H    624 embryonic GM2    213 embryonic Kc167    562 embryonic S1    855 embryonic S3    941 leg disc CME L1    894 wing disc CME-W2    638 wing disc ML-DmD8    802 wing disc ML-DmD9    763 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    1046 wing disc ML-DmD21    1944 wing disc ML-DmD32    1493 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    1238 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    596 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    689 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    1194 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    972 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    295 tumorous blood cells mbn2    457 ovary fGS/OSS    3390 ovary OSC    2376 ovary OSS    1750 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (1637) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (771) embryonic 1182-4H  (624) embryonic GM2  (213) embryonic Kc167  (562) embryonic S1  (855) embryonic S3  (941) leg disc CME L1  (894) wing disc CME-W2  (638) wing disc ML-DmD8  (802) wing disc ML-DmD9  (763) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (1046) wing disc ML-DmD21  (1944) wing disc ML-DmD32  (1493) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (1238) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (596) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (689) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (1194) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (972) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (295) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (457) ovary fGS/OSS  (3390) ovary OSC  (2376) ovary OSS  (1750) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (1637) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (771) embryonic 1182-4H  (624) embryonic GM2  (213) embryonic Kc167  (562) embryonic S1  (855) embryonic S3  (941) leg disc CME L1  (894) wing disc CME-W2  (638) wing disc ML-DmD8  (802) wing disc ML-DmD9  (763) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (1046) wing disc ML-DmD21  (1944) wing disc ML-DmD32  (1493) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (1238) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (596) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (689) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (1194) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (972) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (295) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (457) ovary fGS/OSS  (3390) ovary OSC  (2376) ovary OSS  (1750) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    1637 Schneider line 2 Sg4    771 embryonic 1182-4H    624 embryonic GM2    213 embryonic Kc167    562 embryonic S1    855 embryonic S3    941 leg disc CME L1    894 wing disc CME-W2    638 wing disc ML-DmD8    802 wing disc ML-DmD9    763 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    1046 wing disc ML-DmD21    1944 wing disc ML-DmD32    1493 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    1238 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    596 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    689 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    1194 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    972 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    295 tumorous blood cells mbn2    457 ovary fGS/OSS    3390 ovary OSC    2376 ovary OSS    1750 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    978 cold shock, 4-day adult    690 heat shock, 4-day adult    391 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    264 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    437 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    564 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1275 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    678 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1330 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    768 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    549 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    478 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    228 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    191 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    179 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1364 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1072 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    812 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    336 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    241 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    125 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (978) cold shock, 4-day adult  (690) heat shock, 4-day adult  (391) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (264) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (437) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (564) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (1275) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (678) Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (1330) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (768) Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (549) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (478) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (228) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (191) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (179) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (1364) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (1072) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (812) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (336) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (241) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (125) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (978) cold shock, 4-day adult  (690) heat shock, 4-day adult  (391) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (264) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (437) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (564) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (1275) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (678) Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (1330) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (768) Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (549) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (478) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (228) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (191) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (179) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (1364) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (1072) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (812) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (336) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (241) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (125) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    978 cold shock, 4-day adult    690 heat shock, 4-day adult    391 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    264 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    437 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    564 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1275 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    678 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1330 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    768 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    549 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    478 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    228 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    191 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    179 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1364 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1072 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    812 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    336 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    241 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    125 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    978 cold shock, 4-day adult    690 heat shock, 4-day adult    391 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    264 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    437 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    564 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1275 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    678 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1330 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    768 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    549 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    478 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    228 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    191 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    179 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1364 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1072 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    812 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    336 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    241 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    125 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (978) cold shock, 4-day adult  (690) heat shock, 4-day adult  (391) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (264) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (437) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (564) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (1275) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (678) Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (1330) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (768) Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (549) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (478) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (228) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (191) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (179) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (1364) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (1072) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (812) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (336) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (241) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (125) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (978) cold shock, 4-day adult  (690) heat shock, 4-day adult  (391) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (264) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (437) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (564) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (1275) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (678) Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (1330) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (768) Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (549) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (478) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (228) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (191) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (179) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (1364) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (1072) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (812) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (336) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (241) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  125 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    978 cold shock, 4-day adult    690 heat shock, 4-day adult    391 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    264 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    437 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    564 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1275 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    678 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1330 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    768 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    549 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    478 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    228 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    191 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    179 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1364 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1072 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    812 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    336 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    241 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    125 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_30 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_10
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • LD24628 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0004362 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG17950-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal, with Scer\GAL429BD HmgDGS2011 HmgDGS2042 HmgDGS2137 lethal, with Scer\GAL4c355 HmgDGS2011 HmgDGS2042 HmgDGS2137 lethal, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 HmgDGS2011 HmgDGS2042 HmgDGS2137 lethal, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev HmgDGS2011 HmgDGS2042 HmgDGS2137 lethal | P-stage, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI HmgDEY03609 viable HmgDCB02648 HmgDEY03609 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 HmgDGD4691 Sterility Allele fertile HmgDEY03609 Other Phenotypes Allele body color defective, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 HmgDGD4691 learning defective | adult stage HmgD10.66 Phenotype manifest in Allele mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 HmgDGD4691 rhabdomere R7, with Scer\GAL4Rh3.PP HmgDGS7070
Classical Alleles ( 37 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of HmgD Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion HmgD5-HA-1915 1 -- HmgD5-HA-2220 1 -- HmgD5-SZ-3131 1 -- HmgD5-SZ-3539 1 -- HmgDBG01432 1 -- HmgDc01111 piggyBac transposase 1 -- HmgDCB-0090-3 1 -- HmgDCB-0372-3 1 -- HmgDCB-0408-3 1 -- HmgDCB-0749-3 1 -- HmgDCB-5352-3 1 -- HmgDEY03609 P-element activity 1 -- HmgDf04733 1 -- HmgDf07505 piggyBac transposase 1 -- HmgDGS2137 Delta2-3 1 Yes HmgDKG05807 1 -- HmgDMI06736 1 -- HmgDNP0363 1 -- HmgDNP0760 1 -- HmgDNP2484 1 -- HmgDNP4802 1 -- HmgDUM-8326-3 1 -- HmgD10.66 0 Yes HmgDCB-0090-3r 0 -- HmgDCB-0091-3 0 -- HmgDCB-5352-3r 0 -- HmgDCB02648 P-element activity 0 Yes HmgDd03384 0 -- HmgDEP467 0 -- HmgDGS2011 Delta2-3 0 Yes HmgDGS2042 Delta2-3 0 Yes HmgDGS2300 0 Yes HmgDGS3249 0 Yes HmgDGS7070 0 Yes HmgDGS9106 0 Yes HmgDGS9235 0 Yes HmgDGS9272 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of HmgD Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion HmgDGD4691 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes HmgDJF01302 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes HmgDKK109699 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes HmgDScer\UAS.N.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 1 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Partially disrupted in	Df(2R)ED3921 (Ragab et al., 2006) Df(2R)ED50000 (Ragab et al., 2006)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD4691} NA P{KK109699} NA P{TRiP.JF01302} NA P{UAS-HA.HmgD} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{EP}HmgDEP467 NA P{EPgy2}EY04265 NA P{EPgy2}HmgDEY03609 NA P{GSV1}GSd457GSd457 NA P{GSV1}HmgDGS2011 NA P{GSV1}HmgDGS2042 NA P{GSV1}HmgDGS2137 NA P{GSV1}HmgDGS2300 NA P{GSV1}HmgDGS3249 NA P{GSV2}HmgDGS7070 NA P{GSV6}HmgDGS9106 NA P{GSV6}HmgDGS9235 NA P{GSV6}HmgDGS9272 NA P{XP}HmgDd03384 NA miscellaneous insertions Mi{MIC}HmgDMI06736 NA P{GT1}BG02169BG02169 NA P{GT1}HmgDBG01432 NA P{PTT-GB}HmgDCB02648 NA P{RS3}HmgDCB-0090-3 NA P{RS3}HmgDCB-0091-3 NA P{RS3}HmgDCB-0372-3 NA P{RS3}HmgDCB-0408-3 NA P{RS3}HmgDCB-0749-3 NA P{RS3}HmgDCB-5352-3 NA P{RS3}HmgDUM-8326-3 NA P{RS3r}HmgDCB-0090-3r NA P{RS3r}HmgDCB-5352-3r NA P{RS5}HmgD5-HA-1915 NA P{RS5}HmgD5-HA-2220 NA P{RS5}HmgD5-SZ-3131 NA P{RS5}HmgD5-SZ-3539 NA P{SUPor-P}HmgDKG05807 NA PBac{PB}HmgDc01111 NA PBac{WH}HmgDf04733 NA PBac{WH}HmgDf07505 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system P{GawB}HmgD10.66 No P{GawB}HmgDNP0363 No P{GawB}HmgDNP0760 No P{GawB}HmgDNP2484 No P{GawB}HmgDNP4802 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 6 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 6 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
AT DNA binding inferred from direct assay (Churchill et al., 1995) DNA binding, bending inferred from direct assay (Dragan et al., 2003)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
chromatin organization inferred from direct assay (Churchill et al., 1995) dendrite morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Parrish et al., 2006) muscle organ development inferred from mutant phenotype (Parrish et al., 2006)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
colocalizes_with nuclear chromatin inferred from direct assay (Ner and Travers, 1994)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 1 term )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
DNA binding, bending non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1995.2.1)
Biological Process ( 0 terms)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
HmgD - AnxB10 experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) HmgD - Bacc experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) HmgD - CG11267 experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) HmgD - CG12207 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) HmgD - CG13539 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) HmgD - CG14969 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) HmgD - CG16817 experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) HmgD - CG18335 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) HmgD - Chd64 experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) HmgD - Crc experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) HmgD - Der-2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) HmgD - Hop experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) HmgD - Mdh2 experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) HmgD - Nacα experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) HmgD - Nlp experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) HmgD - PHGPx experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) HmgD - Pdi experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) HmgD - ave anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) HmgD - awd experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) HmgD - chic experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) HmgD - cib experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) HmgD - fabp experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) HmgD - scf experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) HmgD - smt3 experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions HmgD allele Gene References HmgDEP467 btl (Zhu et al., 2005) Pvr (Zhu et al., 2005) unspecified ab (Parrish et al., 2006) Antp (Ragab et al., 2006) brm (Ragab et al., 2006) HmgD (Ragab et al., 2006) HmgZ (Ragab et al., 2006) osa (Ragab et al., 2006) rho (Ragab et al., 2006) Scr (Ragab et al., 2006)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 63106 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0004362 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 37481
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (11) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6F7P5X Dipteran inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Insect inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Arthropod inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Metazoa inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6F7P5X)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\HmgD     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD11622 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM15859 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG22136 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\HmgD Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF13265 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL16947 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK15924 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ21748 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI18728 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH21124 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (None identified)
No non-Drosophilid orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (None identified)
No non-Dipteran orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (None identified)
No non-Insect Arthropod orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (None identified)
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Human Orthologs (0)
Gene OMIM HGNC
AAA Orthologs (10) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD11622 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM15859 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG22136 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\HmgD Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF13265 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL16947 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK15924 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ21748 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI18728 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH21124
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 27 )
Bloomington	26870 w*; P{UAS-HA.HmgD}2 12603 w1118; P{GT1}HmgDBG01432
Harvard	- PBac{PB}HmgDc01111 - PBac{WH}HmgDf04733 - PBac{WH}HmgDf07505
Kyoto	123030 w1118; P{RS3}HmgDCB-0090-3 123146 w1118; P{RS3}HmgDCB-0372-3 123160 w1118; P{RS3}HmgDCB-0408-3 123309 w1118; P{RS3}HmgDCB-0749-3
VDRC	v105774 P{KK109699}VIE-260B v19026 w1118; P{GD4691}v19026 v19027 w1118; P{GD4691}v19027
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR13F14 BACR46G10 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 244 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD24628
Other clones	yak-em_HmgD yak-em_HmgZ
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GM01377 GM02694 GM03038 GM04107 GM05854 GM08236 GM08244 GM09593 LD02221 LD05581 LD06022 LD07269 LD08412 LD10114 LD13872 LD13880 LD14162 LD15204 LD15587 LD16549 LD20403 LD20508 LD34575 LD38402 LP01202 RE02243 RE02476 RE04675 RE05379 RE05539 RE06148 RE06763 RE07102 RE07570 RE09382 RE09671 RE11236 RE13167 RE17159 RE17464 RE17589 RE19254 RE19696 RE20207 RE21645 RE23634 RE23696 RE25920 RE26916 RE27115 RE28582 RE29065 RE29103 RE29110 RE29466 RE30078 RE31803 RE32780 RE33796 RE34340 RE36556 RE37807 RE38213 RE39319 RE39858 RE40828 RE41130 RE41827 RE42217 RE45416 RE48663 RE49038 RE49592 RE50284 RE51463 RE51695 RE52102 RE52226 RE56378 RE57839 RE60280 RE60374 RE60692 RE66580 RE66932 RE67060 RE69496 RE71106 RE73260 RE73845 RE74480 RE75015 RH06815 RH07405 RH10192 RH14656 RH16258 RH17521 SD11993 SD20426
Other clones	1575 17645 53177 57165 59753 70040 73807 76735 78252 79376 80807 97049 97550 99643 108509 146261 148690 148776 148886 148937 158396 160376 160453 160712 161320 177784 214225.60 214469.58 214545.59 283441 558195 AI124252 CK01.17A.G5 CK01.29D.H10 CK01.50D.H6 CK01.63D.E6 CK01.66C.B4 CK01.80B.B4 CK01.80B.E4 CK01.85B.F3 CK01.87D.H5 CK01.93B.E10 CK01.110A.B4 CK01.115C.A2 Dmel_dig_008580_0699_3190 Dmel_dig_010662_0671_2365 Dmel_dig_016697_0658_1582 Dmel_dig_017968_0699_3382 Dmel_dig_018719_0654_1160 Dmel_neb_011856_0086_1389 Dmel_neb_012563_0435_2413 Dmel_neb_013441_0444_3450 EC25005 EC33037 EC052247 EC052365 EC052787 EC054339 EK004225 EK034945 EK052538 EK064051 EK067522 EK068607 EK069331 EK073537 EK099338 EK105708 EK122750 EK137102 EK166447 EK170044 EK184518 EK203454 EK206923 EK211533 EK219647 EK222354 EK248860 EK255053 EK255117 EK261354 EK263148 EK263413 EK264744 EK282757 EK305102 EN13159 EP10016 EP12312 EP22254 FGA004F07 FGA011G02 FGC020E09 FGC020F05 FGH101H09 FGH111G06 FGH117G02 FGM003B08 FGM004G07 FGM101D09 FGM102B02 FGM219A10 FGM230F09 FGM232H07 FGM236D09 FGM305D03 FGM313C06 FGM319D09 FGM319D10 FGM324D12 FGX001G09 IP18728 RP003177887 RP003194630 RP003314263 RP003629892 RP004076989 RP004092830 RP004165613 RP004203655 RP004218360 RP004221096 RP004223499 RP004246979 RP004247464 RP004247623 RP004248100 RP004248370 RP004252332 RP004257406 RP004257453 RP004258632 RP004264769 RP004270366 RP004316176 RP004354817 RP004432516 RP004440341 RP004477669 RP004510035
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0004362 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 37481
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Renner et al., 2000)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
	dsRNA has been made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene. RNAi of HmgD results in an almost complete block of primary dendrite extension and lateral branching of ddaD and ddaE neurons. RNAi also causes defects in muscle and defects in dendrite morphogenesis. (Parrish et al., 2006) RNAi generated by PCR using primers directed to this gene causes a cell growth and viability phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R+ cells. (Boutros et al., 2004) The strength and selectivity of DNA binding by the HmgD HMG domain is modulated by the C-terminal basic and acidic domains. (Payet and Travers, 1997) HmgD is an architecture specific protein that prefers to bind to deformable DNA sites, A/T rich DNA containing the readily deformable dinucleotide sequence TG. HmgD binds preferentially to pre-bent DNA sites and induces substantial bends in DNA. (Churchill et al., 1995) Immunological studies reveal that HmgD, either by itself or in conjunction with other chromosomal proteins, induces a condensed state of chromatin that is distinct from and less compact than the His1 containing 30nm fibre and this chromatin could facilitate rapid nuclear cycles. (Ner and Travers, 1994) HmgD transcripts display a complex pattern of temporal and spatial localisation implying a specialised rather than general role during early development. (Stroumbakis and Tolias, 1994) An HmgD cDNA has been cloned and sequenced. (Wagner et al., 1992)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_166479 NM_166480 NM_001169773 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_726109 NP_726110 NP_001163244 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA820753 AAA28609 AAF46759 AAM48362 AAM71011 ACZ94516 AI124252 AI455508 AY118333 CAA50468 CL610144 CZ466904 CZ490241 CZ490242 M77023 X71138 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 37481 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • Q05783 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • C0MJA0
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • High mobility group (HMG) box domain (IPR009071) PDB - Protein Data Bank. An information portal to biological macromolecular structures • 1E7J 1HMA 1QRV BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • LD24628
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 63106 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0004362 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0004362 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0004362 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG17950-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0004362 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 37481 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /polycomb/hmg-d1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 37481 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0004362
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 13 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	anon-EST:Liang-1.9   CG17950 (Quinones-Coello, 2007, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2008, Schneiderman et al., 2010, Kanuka et al., 2005) clone 1.9 (Liang and Biggin, 1998) dHMG-D (Ner et al., 1993) Dm-HMG-D100 (Crane-Robinson et al., 2006) HMG-D (Bianchi and Agresti, 2005, Ragab and Travers, 2003, Dragan et al., 2003, Klass et al., 2003, Webb et al., 2001, Dow et al., 2000, Iv et al., 1999, Lorenz et al., 1999, Payet et al., 1999, Liang and Biggin, 1998, Ghidelli et al., 1997, Dow et al., 1997, Payet and Travers, 1997, Ner and Travers, 1994, Planck et al., 2007, Crane-Robinson et al., 2006, Villar-Garea and Imhof, 2008, Kent, 2008, Churchill et al., 2010) hmg-D (Ner, 1993.4.6) HMG D (Stroumbakis and Tolias, 1994, Wagner et al., 1992) HmgD (Parrish et al., 2006, Sessa and Bianchi, 2007, Buszczak et al., 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Minidorff et al., 2007, Chen et al., 2008, Kim et al., 2007, Thompson, 2009.3.20, Chittaranjan et al., 2009, Tsubouchi et al., 2009, Baig et al., 2010, Schneiderman et al., 2010, Kanuka et al., 2005, Ruben et al., 2012) HMGD (Qi et al., 2007, Churchill et al., 2010) Hmg-D (Murphy et al., 1999) HMG-D100 (Crane-Robinson et al., 2006)
Name Synonym	High mobility group protein D (Sambandan et al., 2006, Baig et al., 2010, Eddison et al., 2012)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 82 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 82 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 49 ) Supplementary material  ( 9 ) Review  ( 2 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 10 ) Abstract  ( 4 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 )
Recent research papers ( 3 )
	Eddison et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(12): e51684 A genetic screen for olfactory habituation mutations in Drosophila: analysis of novel foraging alleles and an underlying neural circuit. [FBrf0220425] Ruben et al., 2012, J. Biol. Rhythms 27(5): 353--364 A mechanism for circadian control of pacemaker neuron excitability. [FBrf0219602] Morozova et al., 2011, Genetics 187(4): 1193--1205 Transcriptional networks for alcohol sensitivity in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0214377] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...