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Gene Dmel\dy

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\dy	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	dusky	Annotation symbol	CG9355
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0004511
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	17 publicly available
Also Known As	ala
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	X	Recombination map	1-36.2
Cytogenetic map	10E2-10E2	Sequence location	X:11,663,806..11,672,709 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene dusky is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\dy (CG9355, FBgn0004511). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Based on sequence similarity, it is predicted to have molecular function: structural constituent of chitin-based cuticle. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis; cell morphogenesis. 29 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: antenna; chaeta; wing; microchaeta. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed during late pupal stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Little or no expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1633291_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of dy. Gene sequence location is X:11663806..11672709.
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	dy: dusky dy: dusky Edith M. Wallace, unpublished. Wings smaller than normal but of nearly wild-type shape, dusky in color. Cell expansion inhibited in prepupal as well as pupal period (Waddington, 1940, J. Genet. 41: 75-139). Partially suppressed by su(f) (Dudick, Wright, and Brothers, 1974, Genetics 76: 487-510). RK1.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2011_10
FB2012_01	Sequence features BKN31264 HFA20325
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 10E2-10E2   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP345&P{EP}EP1409 and P{EP}ATP7EP308
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	1-36.2
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)	m
Notes	dy58k recombines with all m alleles (including m259-4), except mD, but not with dy1. (Burdick, 1961)
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\dy for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	DGC clone appears problematic (LP04610): incomplete CDS (very short).
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) dy-RA FBtr0073612  NM_078575   3963   699
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	4.2 (northern blot) (DiBartolomeis et al., 2002)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein dy-PA   FBpp0073449   77.9   699   7.58     NP_511130   AAF48089
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein (IPR001507)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE014298 AAF48089   AI260657   AY925942   AY925943   AY925944   AY925945   AY925946   AY925947   AY925948   AY925949   AY925950   AY925951   AY925952   AY925953   AY925954   AY925955   AY925956   AY925957   AY925958   AY925959   AY925960   AY925961   AY925962   AY925963   AY925964   AY925965   AY925966   AY925967   AY925968   AY925969   AY925970   AY925971   AY925972   AY925973   AY925974   AY925975   AY925976   AY925977   AY925978   AY925979   AY925980   AY925981   AY925982   AY925983   AY925984   AY925985   AY925986   AY925987   AY925988   AY925989   AY925990   AY925991   AY925992   AY925993   AY925994   AY925995   AY925996   AY925997   AY925998   AY925999   AY926000   AY926001   AY926002   AY926003   AY926004   AY926005   AY926006   AY926007   AY926008   AY926009   AY926010   AY926011   AY926012   AY926013   AY926014   AY926015   AY926016   AY926017   AY926018   AY926019   AY926020   AY926021   AY926022   AY926023   AY926024   AY926025   AY926026   AY926027   AY926028   AY926029   AY926030   AY926031   AY926032   AY926033   AY926034   AY926035   AY926036   AY926037   AY926038   AY926039   AY926040   AY926041   AY926042   AY926043   AY926044   AY926045   BT016046   CO269481   CO292311   CO299505   CO312848   CO323709   CO329323   CO339932   CZ487045   EC059684   EC073662   EC086546   EC237025   EC239331   EC246301   EC252020   M84606 AAA28490
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q24328 Q9VYU7
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage     (DiBartolomeis et al., 2002) first instar larval stage     (DiBartolomeis et al., 2002) second instar larval stage     (DiBartolomeis et al., 2002) pupal stage     (DiBartolomeis et al., 2002)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0004511    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0004511 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed during late pupal stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0004511 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    7 embryo 02-04hr    9 embryo 04-06hr    21 embryo 06-08hr    83 embryo 08-10hr    223 embryo 10-12hr    413 embryo 12-14hr    1332 embryo 14-16hr    2250 embryo 16-18hr    261 embryo 18-20hr    56 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    13 larva L1    20 larva L2    963 larva L3 12hr old    103 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    9 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    27 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    49 white prepupae new    253 white prepupae 12hr    276 white prepupae 24hr    101 pupae 2d postWPP    15946 pupae 3d postWPP    289 pupae 4d postWPP    72 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    4 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    2 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    7 embryo 02-04hr    9 embryo 04-06hr    21 embryo 06-08hr    83 embryo 08-10hr  (223) embryo 10-12hr  (413) embryo 12-14hr  (1332) embryo 14-16hr  (2250) embryo 16-18hr  (261) embryo 18-20hr    56 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    13 larva L1    20 larva L2  (963) larva L3 12hr old  103 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    9 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    27 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    49 white prepupae new  (253) white prepupae 12hr  (276) white prepupae 24hr  101 pupae 2d postWPP  (15946) pupae 3d postWPP  (289) pupae 4d postWPP    72 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    4 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    2 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    7 embryo 02-04hr    9 embryo 04-06hr    21 embryo 06-08hr    83 embryo 08-10hr    223 embryo 10-12hr    413 embryo 12-14hr    1332 embryo 14-16hr  (2250) embryo 16-18hr    261 embryo 18-20hr    56 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    13 larva L1    20 larva L2    963 larva L3 12hr old    103 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    9 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    27 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    49 white prepupae new    253 white prepupae 12hr    276 white prepupae 24hr    101 pupae 2d postWPP  (15946) pupae 3d postWPP    289 pupae 4d postWPP    72 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    4 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    2 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    7 embryo 02-04hr    9 embryo 04-06hr    21 embryo 06-08hr    83 embryo 08-10hr    223 embryo 10-12hr    413 embryo 12-14hr    1332 embryo 14-16hr    2250 embryo 16-18hr    261 embryo 18-20hr    56 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    13 larva L1    20 larva L2    963 larva L3 12hr old    103 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    9 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    27 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    49 white prepupae new    253 white prepupae 12hr    276 white prepupae 24hr    101 pupae 2d postWPP  (15946) pupae 3d postWPP    289 pupae 4d postWPP    72 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    4 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    2 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    7 embryo 02-04hr    9 embryo 04-06hr    21 embryo 06-08hr    83 embryo 08-10hr    223 embryo 10-12hr    413 embryo 12-14hr    1332 embryo 14-16hr    2250 embryo 16-18hr    261 embryo 18-20hr    56 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    13 larva L1    20 larva L2    963 larva L3 12hr old    103 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    9 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    27 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    49 white prepupae new    253 white prepupae 12hr    276 white prepupae 24hr    101 pupae 2d postWPP    15946 pupae 3d postWPP    289 pupae 4d postWPP    72 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    4 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    2 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0004511 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    7 embryo 02-04hr    9 embryo 04-06hr    21 embryo 06-08hr    83 embryo 08-10hr    223 embryo 10-12hr    413 embryo 12-14hr    1332 embryo 14-16hr    2250 embryo 16-18hr    261 embryo 18-20hr    56 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    13 larva L1    20 larva L2    963 larva L3 12hr old    103 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    9 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    27 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    49 white prepupae new    253 white prepupae 12hr    276 white prepupae 24hr    101 pupae 2d postWPP    15946 pupae 3d postWPP    289 pupae 4d postWPP    72 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    4 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    2 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    7 embryo 02-04hr    9 embryo 04-06hr    21 embryo 06-08hr    83 embryo 08-10hr  (223) embryo 10-12hr  (413) embryo 12-14hr  (1332) embryo 14-16hr  (2250) embryo 16-18hr  (261) embryo 18-20hr    56 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    13 larva L1    20 larva L2  (963) larva L3 12hr old  103 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    9 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    27 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    49 white prepupae new  (253) white prepupae 12hr  (276) white prepupae 24hr  101 pupae 2d postWPP  (15946) pupae 3d postWPP  (289) pupae 4d postWPP    72 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    4 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    2 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    7 embryo 02-04hr    9 embryo 04-06hr    21 embryo 06-08hr    83 embryo 08-10hr    223 embryo 10-12hr    413 embryo 12-14hr    1332 embryo 14-16hr  2250 embryo 16-18hr    261 embryo 18-20hr    56 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    13 larva L1    20 larva L2    963 larva L3 12hr old    103 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    9 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    27 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    49 white prepupae new    253 white prepupae 12hr    276 white prepupae 24hr    101 pupae 2d postWPP  (15946) pupae 3d postWPP    289 pupae 4d postWPP    72 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    4 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    2 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    7 embryo 02-04hr    9 embryo 04-06hr    21 embryo 06-08hr    83 embryo 08-10hr    223 embryo 10-12hr    413 embryo 12-14hr    1332 embryo 14-16hr    2250 embryo 16-18hr    261 embryo 18-20hr    56 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    13 larva L1    20 larva L2    963 larva L3 12hr old    103 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    9 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    27 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    49 white prepupae new    253 white prepupae 12hr    276 white prepupae 24hr    101 pupae 2d postWPP  15946 pupae 3d postWPP    289 pupae 4d postWPP    72 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    4 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    2 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    7 embryo 02-04hr    9 embryo 04-06hr    21 embryo 06-08hr    83 embryo 08-10hr    223 embryo 10-12hr    413 embryo 12-14hr    1332 embryo 14-16hr    2250 embryo 16-18hr    261 embryo 18-20hr    56 embryo 20-22hr    6 embryo 22-24hr    13 larva L1    20 larva L2    963 larva L3 12hr old    103 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    9 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    27 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    49 white prepupae new    253 white prepupae 12hr    276 white prepupae 24hr    101 pupae 2d postWPP    15946 pupae 3d postWPP    289 pupae 4d postWPP    72 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    4 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    2 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0004511    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0004511 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Little or no expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0004511 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    5.675 Larval Midgut    5.1 Larval Hindgut    5.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    8.4 Larval Fat Body    8.2 Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    5.1 Larval Carcass    7.6 Adult Head    14.1 Adult Eye no informative data Adult Brain    9.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    7.6 Adult Crop no informative data Adult Midgut    7 Adult Hindgut    4.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.7 Adult Fat Body    11.4 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    7.1 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    7.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    8.6 Adult Ovary    4 Adult Testis    2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.2 Adult Carcass    5.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    5.675 Larval Midgut    5.1 Larval Hindgut    5.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    8.4 Larval Fat Body    8.2 Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    5.1 Larval Carcass    7.6 Adult Head    14.1 Adult Eye no informative data Adult Brain    9.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    7.6 Adult Crop no informative data Adult Midgut    7 Adult Hindgut    4.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.7 Adult Fat Body    11.4 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    7.1 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    7.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    8.6 Adult Ovary    4 Adult Testis    2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.2 Adult Carcass    5.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    5.675 Larval Midgut    5.1 Larval Hindgut    5.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    8.4 Larval Fat Body    8.2 Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    5.1 Larval Carcass    7.6 Adult Head    14.1 Adult Eye no informative data Adult Brain    9.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    7.6 Adult Crop no informative data Adult Midgut    7 Adult Hindgut    4.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.7 Adult Fat Body    11.4 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    7.1 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    7.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    8.6 Adult Ovary    4 Adult Testis    2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.2 Adult Carcass    5.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    5.675 Larval Midgut    5.1 Larval Hindgut    5.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    8.4 Larval Fat Body    8.2 Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    5.1 Larval Carcass    7.6 Adult Head    14.1 Adult Eye no informative data Adult Brain    9.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    7.6 Adult Crop no informative data Adult Midgut    7 Adult Hindgut    4.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.7 Adult Fat Body    11.4 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    7.1 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    7.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    8.6 Adult Ovary    4 Adult Testis    2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.2 Adult Carcass    5.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0004511 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    5.675 Larval Midgut    5.1 Larval Hindgut    5.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    8.4 Larval Fat Body    8.2 Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    5.1 Larval Carcass    7.6 Adult Head    14.1 Adult Eye no informative data Adult Brain    9.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    7.6 Adult Crop no informative data Adult Midgut    7 Adult Hindgut    4.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.7 Adult Fat Body    11.4 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    7.1 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    7.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    8.6 Adult Ovary    4 Adult Testis    2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.2 Adult Carcass    5.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    5.675 Larval Midgut    5.1 Larval Hindgut    5.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    8.4 Larval Fat Body    8.2 Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    5.1 Larval Carcass    7.6 Adult Head    14.1 Adult Eye no informative data Adult Brain    9.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    7.6 Adult Crop no informative data Adult Midgut    7 Adult Hindgut    4.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.7 Adult Fat Body    11.4 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    7.1 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    7.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    8.6 Adult Ovary    4 Adult Testis    2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.2 Adult Carcass    5.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    5.675 Larval Midgut    5.1 Larval Hindgut    5.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    8.4 Larval Fat Body    8.2 Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    5.1 Larval Carcass    7.6 Adult Head    14.1 Adult Eye no informative data Adult Brain    9.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    7.6 Adult Crop no informative data Adult Midgut    7 Adult Hindgut    4.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.7 Adult Fat Body    11.4 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    7.1 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    7.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    8.6 Adult Ovary    4 Adult Testis    2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.2 Adult Carcass    5.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    5.675 Larval Midgut    5.1 Larval Hindgut    5.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    8.4 Larval Fat Body    8.2 Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    5.1 Larval Carcass    7.6 Adult Head    14.1 Adult Eye no informative data Adult Brain    9.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    7.6 Adult Crop no informative data Adult Midgut    7 Adult Hindgut    4.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.7 Adult Fat Body    11.4 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    7.1 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    7.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    8.6 Adult Ovary    4 Adult Testis    2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    4.2 Adult Carcass    5.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye no informative data Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop no informative data Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    14.1   NA  Eye    no informative data   NA  Brain    9.4   5.675  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    7.6   NA  Crop    no informative data   5.1  Midgut    7   5.3  Hindgut    4.6   8.4  Malpighian Tubules    5.7   8.2  Fat Body    11.4   no informative data  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    7.1   5.1  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    7.6   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    8.6   NA  Ovary    4   NA  Testis    2   NA  Male Accessory Gland    4.2   7.6  Carcass    5.5 modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_07
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0004511 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG9355-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal, with Scer\GAL434B dydsRNA.Scer\UAS lethal, with Scer\GAL4A9 dydsRNA.Scer\UAS lethal, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 dydsRNA.Scer\UAS lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL430A dydsRNA.Scer\UAS lethal | recessive dy286-9 viable dyf04509 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 dyGD1170 Sterility Allele female fertile dy60k fertile dy58k dy61a dyf04509 male fertile dy60k Other Phenotypes Allele body color defective, with Scer\GAL4A9 dydsRNA.Scer\UAS body color defective, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 dydsRNA.Scer\UAS visible dy1 dy2 dy3 dy31d dy58k dy61a dyala dyQ189stop dyr2 dyr3 dyr4 dyr5 visible | heat sensitive dyn2 Phenotype manifest in Allele antenna, with Scer\GAL4A9 dydsRNA.Scer\UAS antenna, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 dydsRNA.Scer\UAS chaeta, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 dydsRNA.Scer\UAS microchaeta, with Scer\GAL4A9 dydsRNA.Scer\UAS wing dy1 dy2 dy3 dy31d dy58k dy61a dyQ189stop dyala dyr2 dyr3 dyr4 dyr5 wing, with Scer\GAL434B dydsRNA.Scer\UAS wing, with Scer\GAL4A9 dydsRNA.Scer\UAS wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 dydsRNA.Scer\UAS wing | heat sensitive dyn2
Classical Alleles ( 25 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of dy Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion dy1 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence spontaneous 11 Yes dyf04509 piggyBac transposase 2 -- dy+ 0 -- dy1-155 natural population 0 -- dy1-156 natural population 0 -- dy286-9 X ray 0 -- dy2 spontaneous 0 -- dy31d X ray 0 -- dy3 0 -- dy58k spontaneous 0 -- dy60k spontaneous 0 -- dy61a gamma ray 0 -- dy62b spontaneous 0 -- dy73 0 Yes dy90388 natural population 0 -- dyala heat-treatment 0 -- dyMR 0 Yes dyn2 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence gamma ray 0 -- dyQ189stop 0 Yes dyr2 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- dyr3 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- dyr4 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- dyr5 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- dyunspecified 0 -- dyZ7-1 natural population 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of dy Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion dyGD1170 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes dyHMS01372 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes dyKK111264 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes dydsRNA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Duplicated in	Dp(1;2)v+63i (Lefevre, 1981) Dp(1;2)v+65b (Lefevre, 1981) Dp(1;3)DC244 (Popodi et al., 2010-) Dp(1;3)rasv   Dp(1;Y)BSC1 (Gornek et al., 2000.2.4) Dp(1;Y)BSC2 (Gornek et al., 2000.2.4) Dp(1;Y)y+v+BS#3 (Schalet, 1969)
Not disrupted in	Df(1)244 (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)247a (Patterson, 1932) Df(1)m259-4 (DiBartolomeis et al., 2002, Roch et al., 2003, Newby et al., 1991, Konopka et al., 1991) Df(1)N71 (Craymer and Roy, 1980) Df(1)N105 (Konopka et al., 1991) Df(1)RA47 (DiBartolomeis et al., 2002, Craymer and Roy, 1980, Newby et al., 1991, Konopka et al., 1991) T(1;2)v267-4
Disrupted in	Df(1)HA85 (Craymer and Roy, 1980, Konopka et al., 1991) Df(1)KA6 (DiBartolomeis et al., 2002, Roch et al., 2003, Craymer and Roy, 1980, Newby et al., 1991, Konopka et al., 1991) Df(1)KA7 (Craymer and Roy, 1980, Konopka et al., 1991) Df(1)m-30 (DiBartolomeis et al., 2002, Roch et al., 2003, Newby et al., 1991) Df(1)m-MR (DiBartolomeis et al., 2002, Roch et al., 2003, Roberts and Jackson, 1997)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD1170} NA P{KK111264} NA P{TRiP.HMS01372} NA P{UAS-dy-dsRNA.A} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions Doc{}dy73 NA PBac{WH}dyf04509 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 7 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
cell morphogenesis inferred from genetic interaction with m (Roch et al., 2003) imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis inferred from genetic interaction with m AND inferred from mutant phenotype (Roch et al., 2003)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 6 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
structural constituent of chitin-based cuticle inferred from sequence or structural similarity with worm cut-1 (DiBartolomeis et al., 2002)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
NOT circadian rhythm traceable author statement (DiBartolomeis et al., 2002) imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis non-traceable author statement (DiBartolomeis et al., 2002) NOT rhythmic behavior non-traceable author statement (Jackson, 2002.7.26)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
integral to membrane inferred from sequence or structural similarity (DiBartolomeis et al., 2002) plasma membrane non-traceable author statement (Jackson, 1992)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions dy allele Gene References dyMR m (Roch et al., 2003) unspecified su(f) (Dudick et al., 1974)
External Data
Linkouts	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0004511
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF20249 Dere\GG18833 Dgri\GH24587 Dmoj\GI15258 Dper\GL15227 Dpse\GA21724 Dsec\GM13046 Dsim\dy Dvir\GJ14830 Dwil\GK16283 Dyak\GE17598
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dalg\dy (Sturtevant and Novitski, 1941) Dana\dy (Sturtevant and Novitski, 1941) Dpse\GA21724   Dpse\dy (Sturtevant and Novitski, 1941, Sturtevant and Tan, 1937) Dsim\dy (Sturtevant, 1929) Dvir\dy (Sturtevant and Novitski, 1941)
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL002537-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP000788-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_394059.3 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001952853.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) BGIBMGA006288-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) CE19534 Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) CPIJ018541 Culex pipens (mosquito) 50816 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ISCW022789-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) XP_001604926.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) PHUM001162-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) XP_969031.2 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • NV16367 LH23135 ISCW022789 FBgn0235053 FBgn0218285 FBgn0202034 FBgn0018282 FBgn0167977 JGI_V11_50816 FBgn0081709 FBgn0152831 FBgn0138007 FBgn0132043 FBgn0111041 FBgn0097256 CPIJ018541 BGIBMGA006288 ACYPI008458 GB11353 AGAP000788 AAEL002537 PB24307 PHUM441120 GLEAN_02669
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 17 )
Bloomington	30 dy1 85 ras1 dy1 18780 w1118 PBac{WH}dyf04509 5382 l(1)10Bi1 dy1/FM6/Dp(1;Y)v+y+ 5434 l(1)10Ad20 dy1/FM6/Dp(1;Y)v+y+ 34382 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.HMS01372}attP2/TM3, Sb1
Harvard	- PBac{WH}dyf04509
Kyoto	105687 dy1 105723 ras1 dy1
VDRC	v102255 P{KK111264}VIE-260B v3299 w1118; P{GD1170}v3299 v3302 w1118; P{GD1170}v3302
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR46E23 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 16 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LP20007
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	LP04610
Other clones	47435 60593 71511 105114 190550 214253.9 CK01.124D.G11 EK094728 EK175660 EK191222 EK199810 EK230233 EK292614 EP09656
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0004511 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 32130
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
	Bridges, 1st Dec. 1916.
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: dy CG9355 (Wang, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of
Additional comments	An allele, 'dy73', is discussed - shown in FBrf0054173 not to map to the dy locus. (DiBartolomeis, 1993, DiBartolomeis and Jackson, 1991) An allele, termed 'dy73', is shown not to map to the dy locus. (Newby et al., 1991) An allele, 'dy73', is discussed - subsequently shown in FBrf0054173 not to map to the dy locus. (DiBartolomeis et al., 1990) An allele is named 'dy73', subsequently shown in FBrf0054173 not to map to the dy locus. (Green, 1975)
Other Comments
	m and dy proteins form a novel family within the ZP (zona pellucida) domain proteins. In direction of increasing cytology: m+ dy- (Roch et al., 2003) m and dy proteins are specifically involved in the interactions between the apical membrane, the cytoskeleton and the forming cuticle. (Roch et al., 2003) dy and m point mutants show similar phenotypes. (Roch et al., 2003) m, dy and other members of the gene family encode proteins that function as structural components of the cuticulin layer. (DiBartolomeis et al., 2002) The 'Andante' mutant carries two independent EMS-induced mutations, one in dy (dyQ189stop) and one in CkIIβ (CkIIβAnd). It is the one in CkIIβAnd that is responsible for the circadian long-period phenotype. dy mutations have no effect on rhythmicity. Although the allele referred to as "dy73" in FBrf0054173 is reported as being rhythm defective, it is not because of a mutation in dy or CkIIβ. (Jackson, 2002.7.26) FBrf0054173 suggested that the 'Andante' mutation maps to the dy locus. See Jackson, 2002.7.26, personal communication to FlyBase for revision of that suggestion: the 'Andante' mutation maps to the CkIIβ locus - see CkIIβAnd. CkIIβAnd was found to be linked to an allele of dy, dyQ189stop, explaining the confusion. (FlyBase, 1992-) It is suggested that the 'Andante' mutation maps to the dy locus. See Jackson, 2002.7.26, personal communication to FlyBase for revision of that suggestion. (Newby et al., 1991)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_078575 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_511130 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAA28490 AAF48089 AI260657 AY925942 AY925943 AY925944 AY925945 AY925946 AY925947 AY925948 AY925949 AY925950 AY925951 AY925952 AY925953 AY925954 AY925955 AY925956 AY925957 AY925958 AY925959 AY925960 AY925961 AY925962 AY925963 AY925964 AY925965 AY925966 AY925967 AY925968 AY925969 AY925970 AY925971 AY925972 AY925973 AY925974 AY925975 AY925976 AY925977 AY925978 AY925979 AY925980 AY925981 AY925982 AY925983 AY925984 AY925985 AY925986 AY925987 AY925988 AY925989 AY925990 AY925991 AY925992 AY925993 AY925994 AY925995 AY925996 AY925997 AY925998 AY925999 AY926000 AY926001 AY926002 AY926003 AY926004 AY926005 AY926006 AY926007 AY926008 AY926009 AY926010 AY926011 AY926012 AY926013 AY926014 AY926015 AY926016 AY926017 AY926018 AY926019 AY926020 AY926021 AY926022 AY926023 AY926024 AY926025 AY926026 AY926027 AY926028 AY926029 AY926030 AY926031 AY926032 AY926033 AY926034 AY926035 AY926036 AY926037 AY926038 AY926039 AY926040 AY926041 AY926042 AY926043 AY926044 AY926045 CZ487045 M84606 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 32130 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q9VYU7 Q24328
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein (IPR001507)
Linkouts
	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0004511 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0004511 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0004511 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG9355-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0004511 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 32130 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL002537-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP000788-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_394059.3 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001952853.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) BGIBMGA006288-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) CE19534 Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) CPIJ018541 Culex pipens (mosquito) 50816 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ISCW022789-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) XP_001604926.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) PHUM001162-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) XP_969031.2 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0004511 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • NV16367 LH23135 ISCW022789 FBgn0235053 FBgn0218285 FBgn0202034 FBgn0018282 FBgn0167977 JGI_V11_50816 FBgn0081709 FBgn0152831 FBgn0138007 FBgn0132043 FBgn0111041 FBgn0097256 CPIJ018541 BGIBMGA006288 ACYPI008458 GB11353 AGAP000788 AAEL002537 PB24307 PHUM441120 GLEAN_02669
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 8 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	ala (Gottschewski, 1935, Wang et al., 1993, Griffith et al., 1993) And   CG9355 (Lebo et al., 2009, Qin et al., 2005, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Fernandes et al., 2010, Ni et al., 2010.12.1) dy (Reiter et al., 2007, Qin et al., 2005, Wright, 1987, Popodi et al., 2010-, Haddrill et al., 2005, Buffin and Gho, 2010, Beltran et al., 2007, van Swinderen and Hall, 1995) dy1 (Yi et al., 2007)
Name Synonym	alae parvae (Gottschewski, 1935) Andante   dusky (Jackson, 1992, Reiter et al., 2007, Siegel et al., 2004, Lebo et al., 2009, Qin et al., 2005, Wright, 1987, Haddrill et al., 2005, Fernandes et al., 2010, Buffin and Gho, 2010, Sharma et al., 2011, Dibartolomeis, 2011, van Swinderen and Hall, 1995)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0000525
References ( 76 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 76 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 44 ) Supplementary material  ( 2 ) Review  ( 5 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 7 ) Abstract  ( 5 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 ) Computer file  ( 4 ) Book  ( 3 ) Letter  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 4 )
	Dibartolomeis, 2011, CBE Life Sci. Educ. 10(1): 95--110 A semester-long project for teaching basic techniques in molecular biology such as restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to undergraduate and graduate students. [FBrf0213198] Sharma et al., 2011, Chemosphere 82(3): 370--376 Transcriptome analysis provides insights for understanding the adverse effects of endosulfan in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0212610] Buffin and Gho, 2010, PLoS ONE 5(2): e9285 Laser microdissection of sensory organ precursor cells of Drosophila microchaetes. [FBrf0210039] Fernandes et al., 2010, Dev. Cell 18(1): 64--76 Zona pellucida domain proteins remodel the apical compartment for localized cell shape changes. [FBrf0211093] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...