FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\pros

larval outer optic anlage | restricted

(Colonques et al., 2011)

larval central brain | restricted

(Colonques et al., 2011)

ganglion cell

(Colonques et al., 2011)

Additional Descriptive Data

pros RNA is asymmetrically distributed in neuroblasts. During interphase, most is apically localized where it is either associated with the cortex or is in the cytoplasm. During mitosis, it is found in a basal cortical crescent. At cytokinesis, it is specifically segregated into the ganglion mother cell (GMC). Asymmetric cortical crescents of pros RNA are also observed in mitotic sensory organ precursor cells and in adult midgut precursors. pros RNA localization is not microtubule-dependent.

(Colonques et al., 2011, Broadus et al., 1998)

pros RNA is localized to the apical cortex of neuroblasts during interphase where it appears as a crescent. From prophase to telophase, it is localized as a basal cortical crescent. When the neuroblast divides, pros RNA segregates preferentially into the ganglion mother cell (GMC).

(Li et al., 1997, Doe et al., 1991)

pros transcripts are expressed in neuroblasts and in ganglion mother cells in the CNS.

(Matsuzaki et al., 1992)

In stages 6 and 7, pros expression is confined to the neurectoderm of the abdominal segments as well as the procephalic neurectoderm of the head region. As neuroblasts delaminate, expression is restricted to them. Following division of the neuroblasts, the progeny GMCs also show strong pros expression. Midline cells express pros starting in stage 9. CNS expression becomes progressively restricted to cells in the lateral and dorsal portions of the ventral cord. In the PNS, pros expression is detected in sensory organ precursors at stage 10. Later, pros expression was evident in the second order precursors and then became restricted to a subset of their progeny (the scolopidia of chordotonal organs and the thecogen of external sensory organs). Outside of the nervous system, pros expression is detected in cells lining the gut and in the garland cells that form a ring around the CNS.

(Vaessin et al., 1991)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

plasma membrane | apical & adjacent to

cytoplasm | apical

plasma membrane | basal & adjacent to

(Broadus et al., 1998)

plasma membrane | apical & proximal to

plasma membrane | basal & proximal to

(Li et al., 1997)

Polypeptide Expression

distribution deduced from reporter (Gal4 UAS)

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

larval stage

larval neuropil glial cell | subset

(Losada-Perez et al., 2016)

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 11

ganglion mother cell of ventral nerve cord

(Matsuzaki et al., 1992)

VUM precursor

(Wheeler et al., 2006)

MP3 precursor

(Wheeler et al., 2006)

MP1 neuron

(Wheeler et al., 2006)

embryonic stage

embryonic/larval neuron

(Vaessin et al., 1991)

thecogen cell of external sensory organ

(Vaessin et al., 1991)

ganglion mother cell

(Vaessin et al., 1991)

glial cell

(Matsuzaki et al., 1992, Vaessin et al., 1991)

scolopidium

(Vaessin et al., 1991)

neuroblast MP2

(Spana and Doe, 1995)

embryonic stage 9

ganglion mother cell of procephalic neurogenic region

(Matsuzaki et al., 1992)

embryonic stage 11 -- 13

external sensory organ precursor cell IIb

(Orgogozo et al., 2004)

third instar larval stage -- pupal stage P6

photoreceptor cell R8 | subset

Comment: at 25 hr APF

(Domingos et al., 2004)

larval outer optic anlage | restricted

cone cell | subset

(Domingos et al., 2004)

(Colonques et al., 2011)

larval central brain | restricted

(Colonques et al., 2011)

ganglion cell

(Colonques et al., 2011)

ganglion cell of larval central brain

(Shaikh et al., 2016)

pharate adult stage P8

dorsal margin photoreceptor cell R7

Comment: at 48 hr APF; not in dorsal margin photoreceptor cell R8

(Wernet et al., 2003)

external sensory organ precursor cell IIb

(Guo et al., 2013, Ma et al., 2013)

pupal stage P5(ii)

proneural cluster of antennal disc | restricted | subset

(Sen et al., 2003)

(Sen et al., 2003)

external sensory organ precursor cell IIc

(Sen et al., 2003)

eo glial cell | subset of sensillum coeloconicum

(Sen et al., 2003)

pupal stage P6

external sensory organ precursor cell IIIb

(Sen et al., 2003)

pupal stage P7

thecogen cell | subset

(Sen et al., 2003)

tormogen cell | subset

(Sen et al., 2003)

embryonic stage 15 -- 16

interface glial cell | subset

(Stacey et al., 2010)

first instar larval stage

(Mathur et al., 2010)

adult stage | female

median neuroblast MNB interneuron

(Micchelli and Perrimon, 2006)

embryonic stage 13

neuroblast MNB

(Wheeler et al., 2006)

(Wheeler et al., 2006)

embryonic antennal segment | restricted

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

embryonic maxillary segment | restricted

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

embryonic labial segment | restricted

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

embryonic thoracic segment | restricted

(Plavicki et al., 2016)

embryonic stage 17

median neuroblast MNB interneuron

(Wheeler et al., 2006)

pupal stage

photoreceptor cell R7

(Hsiao et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 16

dorsal interface glial cell

(Beckervordersandforth et al., 2008)

ventral interface glial cell

(Beckervordersandforth et al., 2008)

Additional Descriptive Data

pros protein is first detected in the cytoplasm during prophase. Shortly after, it translocates to the membrane where it colocalizes with numb protein through telophase. Both proteins segregate in to the same daughter cell after which pros protein is released from the membrane and is transported into the nucleus. pros protein localization is microtubule and actin independent.

(Losada-Perez et al., 2016, Knoblich et al., 1995)

pros protein is faintly detected in the cytoplasm of interphase neuroblasts. At prophase, it localizes cortically close to the cell membrane on the basal side of the cell where it forms a crescent. It moves into the bud during anaphase and segregates completely into the ganglion mother cell (GMC) when the cell divides. It translocates to the nucleus of the GMC. Asymmetric segregation also occurs in the embryonic endoderm. Large cells in the lumen of the midgut primordium express pros protein in a crescent pattern and transport it to he small daughter cells where it is transported to the nucleus.

(Colonques et al., 2011, Hirata et al., 1995)

pros protein is expressed in the 6 anterior longitudinal (interface) glial cells, where it is co-expressed with Scer\GAL4^naz.PS. The majority of cells also co-express Scer\GAL4^Eaat1.PR.

(Stacey et al., 2010)

pros protein first starts to accumulate in the apical cortex in neuroblasts at interphase. During mitosis, it localizes to the basal cortex of the neuroblast. During anaphase, it is asymmetrically localized to the cortex of the budding ganglion mother cell (GMC). Immediately after cytokinesis, pros protein is cortically localized around the entire GMC and is excluded from the neuroblast. It is subsequently translocated into the GMC nucleus. In MP2 and in the GMCs, one division occurs to produce a pair of neurons. In these cells, pros protein does not become cortically localized but is found throughout the cell. After MP2 and GMC cytokinesis, pros protein is found transiently in the nuclei of the sibling neurons. pros protein is also asymmetrically localized to the cortex in mitotic sensillum precursor cells of the PNS and in midgut primordia.

(Micchelli and Perrimon, 2006, Spana and Doe, 1995)

pros protein localizes to the apical side of neuroblasts at interphase. During prophase it forms a crescent on the basal side of the cell and remains there through the rest of mitosis. It partitions to the GMC when the cell divides.

(Micchelli and Perrimon, 2006, Schuldt et al., 1998)

During embryonic stages 8 and 9, pros protein is observed in the nucleus but is partly colocalized with miranda protein at the cortex of interphase ectodermal cells. It is localized at the basolateral cortex of epithelial cells during mitosis. It is equally partitioned to the two daughter epithelial cells.

(Wheeler et al., 2006, Matsuzaki et al., 1998)

pros protein is expressed in photoreceptor R7 cells in rows7-8, and in cone cells in rows 11-14.

(Domingos et al., 2004)

During mitosis at prepupal stage P5(ii), pros is asymmetrically localized in a cortical crescent in only one of the dividing cells, and is either nuclear or cytoplasmically localized in the sister cell. At 36hrs APF, the presence of pros in the sheath (thecogen) cell is possibly due to inheritance from the precursor cell IIb lineage, whilst expression in the socket (tormogen) cell, which is derived from the non-pros expressing precursor cell IIa, is due to de novo synthesis. Expression of pros in the eo glial cell is transient and is rapidly lost as the cell moves away to associate with the fasciculating sensory neuron.

(Sen et al., 2003)

In contrast to previous studies, pros protein is observed in neuroblasts where it is found in an apical or basal cortical crescent.

(Spana and Doe, 1995)

pros protein is first detected in the ganglion mother cells of the procephalic neurogenic region of stage 9 embryos. pros protein is later expressed in the emerging GMCs in the ventral region and eventually in most GMCs. Once GMCs divide into sibling neurons, expression soon disappears leaving persistant expression in a subset of glial cells.

(Matsuzaki et al., 1992)

In the CNS, pros expression is first observed in the GMCs and then transiently in neurons shortly after formation. It is later expressed in glial cells near the fiber tracts. In the PNS, pros protein is first evident in the second order precursor cells at stage 11. It is then found in a subset of their progeny, including the neuron, the scolopidia of chordotonal organs and the thecogen of external sensory organs. Neuron expression is transient while expression in the sister cell persists.

(Vaessin et al., 1991)

Marker for

PNS glial cell

(Nolo et al., 2000)

adult enteroendocrine cell

(Park et al., 2016, Strand and Micchelli, 2011)

embryonic/larval optic lobe

(Du et al., 2016, Guo et al., 2013, Ma et al., 2013, Micchelli and Perrimon, 2006)

photoreceptor cell R7

(Domingos et al., 2004)

scolopale cell

(Adolph et al., 2009)

thecogen cell

(Duan et al., 2011, Adolph et al., 2009)

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in apical cortex

inferred from direct assay

(Li et al., 1997)

located_in basal cortex

inferred from direct assay

(Betschinger et al., 2006, Fuerstenberg et al., 1998, Li et al., 1997)

located_in cell cortex

inferred from direct assay

(Akiyama-Oda et al., 2000)

located_in nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Sharma and Nirenberg, 2007, Cook et al., 2003, Demidenko et al., 2001, Akiyama-Oda et al., 2000, Matsuzaki et al., 1998)

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Vaessin et al., 1991)

located_in plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Wang et al., 2007, Matsuzaki et al., 1998)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{GAL4-pros.MG}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

larval stage

(Shiga et al., 1996)

ring gland

(Shiga et al., 1996)

ventral nervous system of embryonic/larval nervous system

(Shiga et al., 1996)

prepupal stage P4(ii) -- pupal stage P5

antennal disc | restricted

Comment: reference states 12-14 hr APF

(Sen et al., 2004)

pupal stage P5

external sensory organ precursor cell IIb of antennal disc

Comment: reference states 12-14 hr APF

(Sen et al., 2004)

external sensory organ precursor cell IIb | subset

Comment: reference states 12-14 hr APF

(Sen et al., 2004)

pupal stage

external sensory organ precursor cell IIb

(Sen et al., 2003)

external sensory organ precursor cell IIc

(Sen et al., 2003)

eo neuron | subset

(Sen et al., 2003)

neuroblast | subset

(Kido and Ito, 2002)

ganglion mother cell | subset

(Kido and Ito, 2002)

neuron | subset

(Kido and Ito, 2002)

embryonic stage 16 -- third instar larval stage

neuron | subset

(Kido and Ito, 2002)

glial cell | subset

(Kido and Ito, 2002)

embryonic/larval garland cell

(Tutor et al., 2014)

embryonic stage 10 -- larval stage

neuroblast

(Monedero Cobeta et al., 2017)

Reporter: P{GawB}pros^V1

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

sensillum trichodeum of antennal segment 3

(Balakireva et al., 1998)

adult mushroom body

(Balakireva et al., 1998)

gustatory sensory organ

(Balakireva et al., 1998)

eo neuron

(Balakireva et al., 1998)

taste bristle of wing

(Balakireva et al., 1998)

subesophageal ganglion

(Balakireva et al., 1998)

head sensillum | subset

(Balakireva et al., 1998)

brain | restricted

(Balakireva et al., 1998)

taste bristle of leg

(Balakireva et al., 1998)

ventral cibarial sense organ

(Balakireva et al., 1998)

labellar taste bristle

(Balakireva et al., 1998)

interneuron | subset

(Balakireva et al., 1998)

sensillum basiconicum of antennal segment 3

(Balakireva et al., 1998)

Kenyon cell

(Balakireva et al., 1998)

adult labral sense organ

(Balakireva et al., 1998)

adult antennal lobe

(Balakireva et al., 1998)

enteroendocrine cell of posterior adult midgut epithelium

(Hudry et al., 2016)

procephalic neurogenic region

(Scopelliti et al., 2014)

embryonic stage 10

germ band

(Balakireva et al., 2000)

(Balakireva et al., 2000)

embryonic stage 11

neuroblast | segmentally repeated

(Balakireva et al., 2000)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic/larval central nervous system

(Balakireva et al., 2000)

antenno-maxillary complex | precursor

(Balakireva et al., 2000)

organism | segmentally repeated | striped

(Balakireva et al., 2000)

second instar larval stage -- third instar larval stage

antenno-maxillary complex

(Balakireva et al., 2000)

pharyngeal sense organ

(Balakireva et al., 2000)

terminal organ

(Balakireva et al., 2000)

second instar larval stage

chordotonal organ | subset

(Balakireva et al., 2000)

embryonic/larval mushroom body

(Balakireva et al., 2000)

embryonic/larval subesophageal ganglion

(Balakireva et al., 2000)

ventral nerve cord | restricted

(Balakireva et al., 2000)

prepupal stage P1 -- P3

neuron of metathoracic leg disc

Comment: 0-4 hr APF

(Balakireva et al., 2000)

prepupal stage P4

anterior wing margin

Comment: 8 hr APF

(Balakireva et al., 2000)

pupal stage P5 -- P6

chemosensory neuron of dorsal triple row bristle

Comment: 16-24 hr APF

(Balakireva et al., 2000)

chemosensory neuron of ventral triple row bristle

Comment: 16-24 hr APF

(Balakireva et al., 2000)

pupal stage P6

prothoracic leg taste bristle chemosensory neuron

Comment: 24 hr APF

(Balakireva et al., 2000)

mesothoracic leg taste bristle chemosensory neuron

Comment: 24 hr APF

(Balakireva et al., 2000)

metathoracic leg taste bristle chemosensory neuron

Comment: 24 hr APF

(Balakireva et al., 2000)

chemosensory neuron of labellar taste bristle

Comment: 24 hr APF

(Balakireva et al., 2000)

second segment of antenna

Comment: 24 hr APF

(Balakireva et al., 2000)

third segment of antenna

Comment: 24 hr APF

(Balakireva et al., 2000)

Reporter: P{lacZ.w⁺}pros¹³⁹

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

sensory mother cell

(Doe et al., 1991)

presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system | restricted

(Doe et al., 1991)

embryonic stage

neuroblast | restricted

(Doe et al., 1991)

scolopale cell

(Doe et al., 1991)

central nervous system | restricted

(Doe et al., 1991)

Reporter: P{PZ}pros¹⁰⁴¹⁹

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

wandering third instar larval stage

embryonic/larval brain

(Meister and Braun, 1995.10)

embryonic/larval midgut | restricted

(Meister and Braun, 1995.10)

photoreceptor cell | presumptive

(Treisman and Rubin, 1996)

eye disc

(Treisman and Rubin, 1996)

View Dmel\pros in GBrowse 2

adult brain | restricted

(Vosshall, 1998.8.10)

optic cartridge

(Vosshall, 1998.8.10)

adult central complex

(Vosshall, 1998.8.10)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\pros

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\pros

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0004595

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

FBgn0004595

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

CG17228-RA

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG17228

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0004595

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\pros

Stages(s) 1-3
Stages(s) 4-6
Stages(s) 7-8
Stages(s) 9-10
Stages(s) 11-12
Stages(s) 13-16

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, and Transgenic Constructs

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 150 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 66 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of pros

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of pros

Deletions and Duplications ( 19 )

Not disrupted in

Df(3R)by10

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Df(3R)Dl-BX12

(Salzberg et al., 1997)

Df(3R)M86D

(Balakireva et al., 2000)

Df(3R)MS32

(Cook, 2006.10.1)

Df(3R)P-21

(Balakireva et al., 2000)

Df(3R)T-7

(Kusano et al., 2001)

Df(3R)T-32

(Szeged Stock Center, 1998-)

Df(3R)T-45

(Balakireva et al., 2000)

Partially disrupted in

Df(3R)cu

(Balakireva et al., 2000)

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal

pros¹³⁹

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^sca-109-68

pros^UAS.cMa

lethal (with Df(3R)kar-Sz13)

pros^S045109b

lethal (with Df(3R)T-61)

lethal (with pros^V1)

pros^V24

lethal (with pros^V13)

pros^V61

lethal (with pros^V24)

lethal (with pros^V27)

pros^V24

lethal (with pros^V61)

pros^V13

lethal | embryonic stage (with pros^V1)

pros^V17

lethal | embryonic stage (with pros^V17)

pros^V1

lethal | embryonic stage | recessive

pros^S131602a

lethal | larval stage (with pros^V1)

pros^V17

lethal | larval stage (with pros^V17)

pros^V1

lethal | recessive | temperature conditional

pros^V1

lethal - all die before end of embryonic stage

lethal - all die before end of embryonic stage (with pros¹⁷)

pros^V17

lethal - all die before end of embryonic stage (with pros^V17)

pros¹⁷

lethal - all die before end of embryonic stage | recessive

lethal - all die before end of larval stage (with pros^V1)

pros^V8

lethal - all die before end of larval stage (with pros^V8)

pros^V1

lethal - all die before end of larval stage (with pros^V13)

pros^V17

lethal - all die before end of larval stage (with pros^V17)

pros^V13

lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive

lethal - all die before end of P-stage | recessive

pros^S044116

partially lethal - majority die | recessive

viable (with pros^V17)

pros^V60

viable (with pros^V60)

pros^V17

Sterility

Allele

female fertile

male sterile | recessive

Other Phenotypes

Allele

courtship behavior defective | dominant | male

decreased cell number | embryonic stage

pros¹⁷

decreased cell number | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^GMR9D11

pros^UAS.cMa

decreased cell number | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^GMR19H09

pros^UAS.cMa

decreased cell number | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407

pros^KK109284

decreased cell size | embryonic stage | somatic clone

pros¹⁷

decreased occurrence of cell division | embryonic cycle, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

pros^UAS.cMa

decreased occurrence of cell division | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4^Kr.PM

pros^UAS.cMa

decreased occurrence of cell division | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^hs.PB

pros^UAS.cMa

developmental rate defective

pros^V1

increased cell number | embryonic stage | somatic clone

pros¹⁷

increased cell number | larval stage | somatic clone

pros¹⁷

increased cell number | third instar larval stage

pros¹⁷

increased cell number | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407

pros^KK109284

increased occurrence of cell division | larval stage | somatic clone

pros¹⁷

locomotor behavior defective | larval stage

mating defective | male

mitotic cell cycle defective

pros¹⁷

mitotic cell cycle defective, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA, Scer\GAL80^ts.αTub84B

pros^UAS.Tag:HA

mitotic cell cycle defective | larval stage

pros^V24

neuroanatomy defective

neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA

pros^L.UAS

neuroanatomy defective | adult stage | somatic clone

neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage 16

pros^m4

neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage | somatic clone

pros¹⁷

neuroanatomy defective | larval stage

neuroanatomy defective | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^GMR9D11

pros^UAS.cMa

neuroanatomy defective | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^GMR19H09

pros^UAS.cMa

neuroanatomy defective | somatic clone

neuroanatomy defective | third instar larval stage

pros¹⁷

neuroanatomy defective | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407

pros^KK109284

neuroanatomy defective | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^ppk.PU

pros^HMJ02107

small body | recessive

pros^V1

some die during embryonic stage

some die during embryonic stage (with pros¹⁷)

pros^V17

some die during embryonic stage (with pros^V17)

pros¹⁷

some die during embryonic stage | recessive

some die during immature adult stage | recessive

some die during immature adult stage | recessive (with pros^V13)

pros^V61

some die during immature adult stage | recessive (with pros^V61)

pros^V13

some die during larval stage (with pros^V1)

pros^V8

some die during larval stage (with pros^V8)

pros^V1

some die during larval stage (with pros^V13)

pros^V17

some die during larval stage (with pros^V17)

pros^V13

some die during larval stage | recessive

some die during pharate adult stage | recessive

pros^S044116

taste perception defective | dominant

pros^V1

taste perception defective | larval stage

taste perception defective | recessive

pros^V1

tumorigenic

pros¹⁷

tumorigenic | larval stage | somatic clone

pros¹⁷

tumorigenic | somatic clone

pros¹⁷

tumorigenic | third instar larval stage

pros¹⁷

visible

pros^hs.PM

visible, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

pros^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

visible, with Scer\GAL4^sca-109-68

pros^UAS.cMa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^sca-P309

pros^UAS.cMa

visible | female limited, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

pros^KK109284

visible | recessive

pros¹⁷

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

aCC neuron

adult antennal lobe projection neuron DL1 adPN | somatic clone

pros³⁸

adult olfactory receptor neuron Gr21a/63a | somatic clone

pros¹⁷

antenna, with Scer\GAL4^sca-P309

pros^UAS.cMa

anterior commissure

axon

axon & photoreceptor cell R7 | somatic clone

pros^17.17

carbon dioxide sensitive neuron | ectopic | somatic clone

cell body rind of adult mushroom body | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407

pros^KK109284

central nervous system

chordotonal organ & axon | lateral

commissure

cone cell | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4^sev.EP

pros^L.UAS

dendrite

pros^unspecified

dendrite | dorsal | embryonic stage

dendritic arborizing neuron

pros^unspecified

embryonic/larval brain

pros^V24

embryonic/larval brain, with Scer\GAL4^hs.PB

pros^UAS.cMa

embryonic/larval brain | somatic clone

pros¹⁷

embryonic/larval brain | third instar larval stage

pros¹⁷

embryonic/larval glial cell

embryonic/larval hypocerebral ganglion

pros¹⁰⁴¹⁹

embryonic/larval mushroom body | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407

pros^KK109284

embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction

embryonic epidermis, with Scer\GAL4^Kr.PM

pros^UAS.cMa

embryonic ganglion mother cell

pros¹⁷

eye, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

eye disc | larval stage | somatic clone

pros¹⁷

filopodium & muscle cell

pros¹⁷

frontal ganglion

ganglion mother cell

pros¹⁷

head bristle

pros¹⁷

head bristle & eo neuron

pros¹⁷

head bristle & tormogen cell

pros¹⁷

head bristle & trichogen cell

pros¹⁷

hypodermal muscle of larval abdominal 4

pros¹⁴

hypodermal muscle of larval abdominal 5

pros¹⁴

interface glial cell

pros^JO13

interface glial cell, with Scer\GAL4^htl.POS

pros^UAS.cUa

interommatidial bristle

pros¹⁷

interommatidial bristle, with Scer\GAL4^sca-109-68

pros^UAS.cMa

interommatidial bristle & eo neuron

pros¹⁷

interommatidial bristle & tormogen cell, with Scer\GAL4^sca-109-68

pros^UAS.cMa

interommatidial bristle & trichogen cell

pros¹⁷

interommatidial bristle & trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4^sca-109-68

pros^UAS.cMa

interommatidial bristle | somatic clone

pros¹⁷

intersegmental nerve root glial cell

pros¹⁷

Kenyon cell | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^insc-Mz1407

pros^KK109284

larval multidendritic class IV neuron | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^ppk.PU

pros^HMJ02107

larval neuroblast

pros¹⁷

larval neuroblast, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA

pros^L.UAS

larval neuroblast | ectopic | somatic clone

pros¹⁷

larval outer optic anlage, with Scer\GAL4^hs.PB

pros^UAS.cMa

lens | somatic clone

pros¹⁷

longitudinal connective

maxillary palp olfactory receptor neuron | somatic clone

pros¹⁷

medial cell body glial cell

pros¹⁷

medial-most cell body glial cell

pros¹⁷

mesoderm, with Scer\GAL4^Kr.PM

pros^UAS.cMa

microchaeta & antennal segment 3, with Scer\GAL4^sca-P309

pros^UAS.cMa

midline glial cell

pros¹⁷

morphogenetic furrow, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

pros^UAS.cMa

motor neuron | embryonic stage

pros¹⁴

motor neuron | embryonic stage 16

pros^m4

neuroblast

pros¹⁷

neuroblast, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA, Scer\GAL80^ts.αTub84B

pros^UAS.Tag:HA

neuroblast | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA

pros^UAS.cMa

neuroblast | somatic clone

pros¹⁷

neuroblast NB6-4 of thorax

neuroblast NB7-3, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

pros^UAS.cMa

neuroblast NB7-4

neuron

pros^JO13

neuron | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^GMR9D11

pros^UAS.cMa

neuron | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^GMR19H09

pros^UAS.cMa

paraesophageal ganglion

pros¹⁰⁴¹⁹

pCC neuron

peripheral glial cell

pros¹⁷

peripheral nervous system

photoreceptor cell R7

posterior commissure

presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system

presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system

presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system | dorsal

primary pigment cell, with Scer\GAL4^sev.EP

pros^L.UAS

rhabdomere R7 | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4^sev.EP

pros^L.UAS

RP2 motor neuron

pros¹⁷

scutum & external sensory organ

pros^hs.PM

scutum & external sensory organ & tormogen cell, with Scer\GAL4^sca-P309

pros^UAS.cMa

scutum & external sensory organ & trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4^sca-P309

pros^UAS.cMa

scutum & macrochaeta

pros¹⁷

scutum & macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4^sca-109-68

pros^UAS.cMa

scutum & macrochaeta & eo neuron

pros¹⁷

scutum & macrochaeta & tormogen cell, with Scer\GAL4^sca-109-68

pros^UAS.cMa

scutum & macrochaeta & trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4^sca-109-68

pros^UAS.cMa

scutum & macrochaeta | somatic clone

pros¹⁷

scutum & microchaeta

scutum & microchaeta, with Scer\GAL4^sca-109-68

pros^UAS.cMa

scutum & microchaeta & eo neuron

pros¹⁷

scutum & microchaeta & tormogen cell

pros^hs.PM

scutum & microchaeta & tormogen cell, with Scer\GAL4^sca-109-68

pros^UAS.cMa

scutum & microchaeta & trichogen cell

scutum & microchaeta & trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4^sca-109-68

pros^UAS.cMa

secondary neuroblast | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^GMR9D11

pros^UAS.cMa

secondary neuroblast | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^GMR19H09

pros^UAS.cMa

sensory neuron | embryonic stage

stomodeal nerve

tormogen cell | ectopic | somatic clone

pros¹⁷

tormogen cell | somatic clone

pros¹⁷

trichogen cell | ectopic | somatic clone

pros¹⁷

trichogen cell | somatic clone

pros¹⁷

type II neuroblast | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^GMR19H09

pros^UAS.cMa

U neuron

pros¹⁷

ventral midline of embryo

ventral nerve cord

ventral nerve cord, with Scer\GAL4^Kr.PM

pros^UAS.cMa

wing, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

pros^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

wing | female limited, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

pros^KK109284

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Download All OrthoDB Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Homo sapiens (Human) (2)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Hsap\PROX1

10 of 15

Yes

Hsap\PROX2

8 of 15

Yes

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Mmus\Prox1

9 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Prox2

8 of 15

Yes

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)

Rnor\Prox2

7 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Prox1

5 of 13

Yes

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (1)

Xtro\prox1

5 of 12

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (3)

Drer\prox1a

7 of 15

Yes

Drer\prox2

5 of 15

Yes

Drer\prox3

4 of 15

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)

Cele\pros-1

9 of 15

Yes

Cele\set-9

1 of 15

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

No records found.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

No records found.

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

No records found.

Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091901OY )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

AAA Syntenic Ortholog

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Drosophila suzukii

Spotted wing Drosophila

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila sechellia

Drosophila erecta

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila ananassae

Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura

Dpse\GA14403

Drosophila persimilis

Dper\GL11998

Drosophila willistoni

Dwil\GK11290

Drosophila virilis

Dvir\pros

Drosophila mojavensis

Dmoj\GI22696

Drosophila grimshawi

Dgri\GH21437

Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091500YE )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Musca domestica

House fly

Mdoa\17011487

Glossina morsitans

Tsetse fly

Gmor\GMOY008166

Glossina morsitans

Tsetse fly

Gmor\GMOY001895

Glossina morsitans

Tsetse fly

Gmor\GMOY011313

Lucilia cuprina

Australian sheep blowfly

Lcup\FF38_10300

Mayetiola destructor

Hessian fly

Mdes\Mdes000348

Aedes aegypti

Yellow fever mosquito

Aaeg\AAEL002769

Anopheles darlingi

American malaria mosquito

Adar\ADAC009305

Anopheles gambiae

Malaria mosquito

Agam\AGAP004052

Culex quinquefasciatus

Southern house mosquito

Cqui\CPIJ004052

Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W00RH )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Bombyx mori

Silkmoth

Bmor\Bmo.3366

Bombyx mori

Silkmoth

Bmor\BGIBMGA005085

Danaus plexippus

Monarch butterfly

Dple\DPOGS204168-PA

Danaus plexippus

Monarch butterfly

Dple\DPOGS204167-PA

Heliconius melpomene

Postman butterfly

Hmel\HMEL013965

Heliconius melpomene

Postman butterfly

Hmel\HMEL013966

Apis florea

Little honeybee

Aflo\2698102036

Apis mellifera

Western honey bee

Amel\GB55032

Apis mellifera

Western honey bee

Amel\GB55033

Bombus impatiens

Common eastern bumble bee

Bimp\BIMP12418

Bombus terrestris

Buff-tailed bumblebee

Bter\15216704

Linepithema humile

Argentine ant

Lhum\LH14063

Linepithema humile

Argentine ant

Lhum\LH14062

Megachile rotundata

Alfalfa leafcutting bee

Mrot\MROTU:00050a

Megachile rotundata

Alfalfa leafcutting bee

Mrot\MROTU:000508

Nasonia vitripennis

Parasitic wasp

Nvit\Nasvi2EG010988

Dendroctonus ponderosae

Mountain pine beetle

Dpod\YQE_10516

Tribolium castaneum

Red flour beetle

Tcas\pros

Pediculus humanus

Human body louse

Phum\PHUM334550

Rhodnius prolixus

Kissing bug

Rpro\RPRC001071

Rhodnius prolixus

Kissing bug

Rpro\RPRC009271

Cimex lectularius

Bed bug

Clec\CLEC000910

Acyrthosiphon pisum

Pea aphid

Apim\ACYPI001696

Zootermopsis nevadensis

Nevada dampwood termite

Znev\Znev_13276

Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X00Q2 )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Strigamia maritima

European centipede

Smar\SMAR007154

Ixodes scapularis

Black-legged tick

Isca\ISCW008733

Stegodyphus mimosarum

African social velvet spider

Smim\KFM64362.1

Tetranychus urticae

Two-spotted spider mite

Turt\tetur02g12740

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_290533

Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G0GHY )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Ciona intestinalis

Vase tunicate

Cint\ENSCING00000008999

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)

No records found.

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

cancer, neural stem cell, disruption of asymmetric division

Disease Model Summary Ribbon

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

pros¹⁷

exacerbates chronic myeloid leukemia

modeled by Hsap\ABL1::Hsap\BCR^UAS.cBa

(Bernardoni et al., 2019)

ameliorates non-syndromic X-linked intellectual disability

modeled by Acsl⁰⁵⁸⁴⁷, Acsl⁸

(Jia et al., 2019)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

PROX1; prospero homeobox 1

10 of 15

601546

PROX2; prospero homeobox 2

8 of 15

615094

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Interactions Browser

View in Interactions Browser

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

RNA-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

pros - Hrb87F

pull down, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Borah et al., 2009)

pros - Hrb98DE

pull down, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Borah et al., 2009)

pros - Syp

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Samuels et al., 2020)

pros - mira

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, two hybrid, western blot, pull down, autoradiography

(Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008, Petritsch et al., 2003, Shen et al., 1998, Ikeshima-Kataoka et al., 1997, Shen et al., 1997)

pros - stau

pull down, autoradiography, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, partial DNA sequence identification by hybridization, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation

(Laver et al., 2013, Li et al., 1997)

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Liu et al., 2020)

pros - C15

two hybrid array

(Shokri et al., 2019)

pros - Clbn

two hybrid, pull down, autoradiography

(Bi et al., 2005)

pros - CtBP

two hybrid array

(Shokri et al., 2019)

pros - CycE

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Berger et al., 2010)

pros - Oaz

two hybrid array

(Shokri et al., 2019)

pros - abd-A

bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy

(Bischof et al., 2018)

pros - mira

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, two hybrid, western blot, pull down, autoradiography

(Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008, Petritsch et al., 2003, Shen et al., 1998, Ikeshima-Kataoka et al., 1997, Shen et al., 1997)

pros - spoon

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Tripathi et al., 2017)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

esyN Network Key:

Suppression

Enhancement

View in Interactions Browser

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

esg

(Hartl et al., 2011)

suppressible

(Li et al., 2017)

suppressible

(Hartl et al., 2011)

enhanceable

nerfin-1

(Kuzin et al., 2005)

suppressible

nerfin-1

(Hartl et al., 2011)

enhanceable

Nf-YC

(Morey et al., 2008)

enhanceable

(Charlton-Perkins et al., 2011)

suppressible

(Charlton-Perkins et al., 2011)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Abl

enhanceable

(Gertler et al., 1989)

aop

suppressible

(Kauffmann et al., 1996)

brat

suppressible

(Bello et al., 2006)

brat

enhanceable

(Betschinger et al., 2006)

suppressible

(Li et al., 2017)

suppressible

(Li et al., 2017)

suppressible

(Zhu et al., 2012)

suppressible

(Weng et al., 2010)

suppressible

(Li et al., 2017)

suppressible

(Tea et al., 2010)

enhanceable

(Ulvklo et al., 2012)

mir-279

suppressible

(Hartl et al., 2011)

suppressible

(Li et al., 2017)

suppressible

(Cabernard and Doe, 2009)

nerfin-1

enhanceable

(Kuzin et al., 2005)

suppressible

(Xie et al., 2016)

enhanceable

(Kauffmann et al., 1996)

sina

enhanceable

(Kauffmann et al., 1996)

enhanceable

(Charlton-Perkins et al., 2011)

tll

suppressible