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Gene Dmel\Gβ76C

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Gβ76C	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	G protein β-subunit 76C	Annotation symbol	CG8770
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0004623
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	7 publicly available
Also Known As	Gbe, Gβe, Gbeta76C, Gβe, Gβ
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3L	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	76C1-76C1	Sequence location	3L:19,680,737..19,683,092 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene G protein β-subunit 76C is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Gβ76C (CG8770, FBgn0004623). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: protein heterodimerization activity; GTPase activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway; activation of phospholipase C activity; phototransduction; deactivation of rhodopsin mediated signaling. 7 alleles are reported. The phenotype of these alleles is annotated with: photoreceptor cell. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: G-protein beta WD-40 repeat; G-protein, beta subunit; Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit; WD40 repeat; WD40 repeat, conserved site; WD40-repeat-containing domain; WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed during late pupal stages, in adult male stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult brain. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1624519_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of Gbeta76C. Gene sequence location is 3L:19680737..19683092.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02	Controlled Vocabulary Terms Johnston organ
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 76C1-76C1   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(3)L3809L3809 and P{lacW}l(3)L1243L1243&P{lacW}Mi-2j3D4
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 76C1-76C1   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Yarfitz et al., 1991)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Gβ76C for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.45
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Gβ76C-RA FBtr0074949  NM_078996   1466   346
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Gβ76C-PA   FBpp0074717   38.3   346   6.77     NP_523720   AAF49124
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	346 (aa); 39 (kD observed) (Yarfitz et al., 1991)
Comments	Gβ76C protein, Gα49B protein, and Gγ30A protein are all expressed in the same pattern supporting the hypothesis that Gγ30A is part of a heterotrimeric eye-specific G protein. (Schulz et al., 1999)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain (IPR015943) WD40-repeat-containing domain (IPR017986) G-protein, beta subunit (IPR001632) WD40 repeat (IPR001680) Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit (IPR016346) WD40 repeat, conserved site (IPR019775) G-protein beta WD-40 repeat (IPR020472)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA697373   AA697841   AA698490   AA698934   AA699217   AE014296 AAF49124   AI063703   AI063817   AI107392   AI108327   AI109465   AI114068   AI133838   AI134432   AI238547   AI239018   AI293130   AI388841   AI389577   AI404588   AI405133   AI405640   AI518929   AY118886 AAM50746   BI568318   BI604336   BI626116   BI629549   BI630925   CO188713   CO269577   CO270052   CO270173   CO282516   CO292804   CO331087   EC070562   EC085036   EC090445   EC195268   EC206056   EC207997   EC209517   EC218796   EC220226   EC231751   EC235738   EC248215   EL879824   EL884009   EL884732   EV579131   M76593
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P29829
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
expression microarray Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage   eye   (Xu et al., 2004) in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 13 -- 16   Bolwig organ   (Fisher et al., 2012) adult stage   Johnston organ   (Senthilan et al., 2012) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage   eye   (Yarfitz et al., 1991) adult head   (Yarfitz et al., 1991) RT-PCR Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage   adult head   (Boto et al., 2010)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Eye-enriched transcripts determined by ratio of expression level in wild-type heads. versus expression level in so heads. (Xu et al., 2004) RT-PCR analysis shows that Gβ13F transcript is only detected in the adult head. (Boto et al., 2010)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage   medulla   (Schulz et al., 1999) lamina   (Schulz et al., 1999) photoreceptor cell   (Schulz et al., 1999) eye   (Yarfitz et al., 1991)
Additional Descriptive Data
	A monoclonal antibody generated against Gβ13F protein also recognizes Gβ76C protein. The antibody stains the brain neuropil and cortex, the eye, and the thoracic ganglion; the eye-specific staining is due to Gβ76C protein. (Yarfitz et al., 1991) Gβ76C protein is localized to the photoreceptor cells of the retina. It is also detected in the lamina and the medulla, presumably in axons of the photoreceptor cells that project to these optic ganglia. (Schulz et al., 1999)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasm inferred from direct assay (Schulz et al., 1999) heterotrimeric G-protein complex inferred from direct assay (Yarfitz et al., 1994) inferred from physical interaction with Gγ30A (Huber et al., 1999) plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (Khanna et al., 2010) rhabdomere inferred from direct assay (Yarfitz et al., 1994, Schulz et al., 1999)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult brain. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.025 Larval Midgut    10.3 Larval Hindgut    9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    11.6 Larval Fat Body    10.2 Larval Salivary Gland    5.2 Larval Trachea    336.95 Larval Carcass    12.15 Adult Head    3759.1 Adult Eye    8830 Adult Brain    151.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    8 Adult Crop    10.3 Adult Midgut    15.8 Adult Hindgut    12.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    9.7 Adult Fat Body    11.1 Adult Salivary Gland    6.8 Adult Heart    15.525 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    9.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    12.4 Adult Ovary    7.5 Adult Testis    8.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    6 Adult Carcass    9.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.025 Larval Midgut    10.3 Larval Hindgut    9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    11.6 Larval Fat Body    10.2 Larval Salivary Gland    5.2 Larval Trachea    336.95 Larval Carcass    12.15 Adult Head  (3759.1) Adult Eye  (8830) Adult Brain    151.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    8 Adult Crop    10.3 Adult Midgut    15.8 Adult Hindgut    12.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    9.7 Adult Fat Body    11.1 Adult Salivary Gland    6.8 Adult Heart    15.525 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    9.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    12.4 Adult Ovary    7.5 Adult Testis    8.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    6 Adult Carcass    9.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.025 Larval Midgut    10.3 Larval Hindgut    9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    11.6 Larval Fat Body    10.2 Larval Salivary Gland    5.2 Larval Trachea    336.95 Larval Carcass    12.15 Adult Head  (3759.1) Adult Eye  (8830) Adult Brain    151.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    8 Adult Crop    10.3 Adult Midgut    15.8 Adult Hindgut    12.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    9.7 Adult Fat Body    11.1 Adult Salivary Gland    6.8 Adult Heart    15.525 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    9.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    12.4 Adult Ovary    7.5 Adult Testis    8.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    6 Adult Carcass    9.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.025 Larval Midgut    10.3 Larval Hindgut    9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    11.6 Larval Fat Body    10.2 Larval Salivary Gland    5.2 Larval Trachea    336.95 Larval Carcass    12.15 Adult Head    3759.1 Adult Eye    8830 Adult Brain    151.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    8 Adult Crop    10.3 Adult Midgut    15.8 Adult Hindgut    12.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    9.7 Adult Fat Body    11.1 Adult Salivary Gland    6.8 Adult Heart    15.525 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    9.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    12.4 Adult Ovary    7.5 Adult Testis    8.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    6 Adult Carcass    9.9 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.025 Larval Midgut    10.3 Larval Hindgut    9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    11.6 Larval Fat Body    10.2 Larval Salivary Gland    5.2 Larval Trachea    336.95 Larval Carcass    12.15 Adult Head    3759.1 Adult Eye    8830 Adult Brain    151.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    8 Adult Crop    10.3 Adult Midgut    15.8 Adult Hindgut    12.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    9.7 Adult Fat Body    11.1 Adult Salivary Gland    6.8 Adult Heart    15.525 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    9.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    12.4 Adult Ovary    7.5 Adult Testis    8.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    6 Adult Carcass    9.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.025 Larval Midgut    10.3 Larval Hindgut    9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    11.6 Larval Fat Body    10.2 Larval Salivary Gland    5.2 Larval Trachea    336.95 Larval Carcass    12.15 Adult Head  (3759.1) Adult Eye  (8830) Adult Brain    151.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    8 Adult Crop    10.3 Adult Midgut    15.8 Adult Hindgut    12.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    9.7 Adult Fat Body    11.1 Adult Salivary Gland    6.8 Adult Heart    15.525 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    9.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    12.4 Adult Ovary    7.5 Adult Testis    8.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    6 Adult Carcass    9.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.025 Larval Midgut    10.3 Larval Hindgut    9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    11.6 Larval Fat Body    10.2 Larval Salivary Gland    5.2 Larval Trachea    336.95 Larval Carcass    12.15 Adult Head  (3759.1) Adult Eye  (8830) Adult Brain    151.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    8 Adult Crop    10.3 Adult Midgut    15.8 Adult Hindgut    12.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    9.7 Adult Fat Body    11.1 Adult Salivary Gland    6.8 Adult Heart    15.525 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    9.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    12.4 Adult Ovary    7.5 Adult Testis    8.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    6 Adult Carcass    9.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.025 Larval Midgut    10.3 Larval Hindgut    9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    11.6 Larval Fat Body    10.2 Larval Salivary Gland    5.2 Larval Trachea    336.95 Larval Carcass    12.15 Adult Head    3759.1 Adult Eye    8830 Adult Brain    151.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    8 Adult Crop    10.3 Adult Midgut    15.8 Adult Hindgut    12.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    9.7 Adult Fat Body    11.1 Adult Salivary Gland    6.8 Adult Heart    15.525 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    9.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    12.4 Adult Ovary    7.5 Adult Testis    8.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    6 Adult Carcass    9.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    3759.1   NA  Eye    8830   NA  Brain    151.6   4.025  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    8   NA  Crop    no informative data   no informative data  Midgut    no informative data   9  Hindgut    no informative data   no informative data  Malpighian Tubules    9.7   no informative data  Fat Body    no informative data   5.2  Salivary Gland    6.8   NA  Heart    15.525   no informative data  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    9.3   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    no informative data   NA  Ovary    7.5   NA  Testis    8.8   NA  Male Accessory Gland    6   no informative data  Carcass    9.9 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    341 head, virgin 4-day female    275 head, virgin 20-day female    187 head, mated 1-day female    240 head, mated 4-day female    196 head, mated 20-day female    152 head, mated 1-day male    418 head, mated 4-day male    316 head, mated 20-day male    345 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    1 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female  (341) head, virgin 4-day female  (275) head, virgin 20-day female  (187) head, mated 1-day female  (240) head, mated 4-day female  (196) head, mated 20-day female  (152) head, mated 1-day male  (418) head, mated 4-day male  (316) head, mated 20-day male  (345) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    1 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female  (341) head, virgin 4-day female  (275) head, virgin 20-day female  (187) head, mated 1-day female  (240) head, mated 4-day female  (196) head, mated 20-day female  (152) head, mated 1-day male  (418) head, mated 4-day male  (316) head, mated 20-day male  (345) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    1 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    341 head, virgin 4-day female    275 head, virgin 20-day female    187 head, mated 1-day female    240 head, mated 4-day female    196 head, mated 20-day female    152 head, mated 1-day male    418 head, mated 4-day male    316 head, mated 20-day male    345 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    1 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    341 head, virgin 4-day female    275 head, virgin 20-day female    187 head, mated 1-day female    240 head, mated 4-day female    196 head, mated 20-day female    152 head, mated 1-day male    418 head, mated 4-day male    316 head, mated 20-day male    345 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    1 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female  (341) head, virgin 4-day female  (275) head, virgin 20-day female  (187) head, mated 1-day female  (240) head, mated 4-day female  (196) head, mated 20-day female  (152) head, mated 1-day male  (418) head, mated 4-day male  (316) head, mated 20-day male  (345) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    1 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female  (341) head, virgin 4-day female  (275) head, virgin 20-day female  (187) head, mated 1-day female  (240) head, mated 4-day female  (196) head, mated 20-day female  (152) head, mated 1-day male  (418) head, mated 4-day male  (316) head, mated 20-day male  (345) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    1 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    341 head, virgin 4-day female    275 head, virgin 20-day female    187 head, mated 1-day female    240 head, mated 4-day female    196 head, mated 20-day female    152 head, mated 1-day male    418 head, mated 4-day male    316 head, mated 20-day male    345 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    1 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed during late pupal stages, in adult male stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    2 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    3 embryo 22-24hr    2 larva L1    4 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    3 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    98 pupae 4d postWPP    162 adult male 01day    147 adult male 05day    127 adult male 30day    138 adult female 01day    105 adult female 05day    27 adult female 30day    22 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    2 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    3 embryo 22-24hr    2 larva L1    4 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    3 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP  (98) pupae 4d postWPP  (162) adult male 01day  (147) adult male 05day  (127) adult male 30day  (138) adult female 01day  (105) adult female 05day  (27) adult female 30day    22 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    2 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    3 embryo 22-24hr    2 larva L1    4 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    3 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    98 pupae 4d postWPP  (162) adult male 01day  (147) adult male 05day  (127) adult male 30day  (138) adult female 01day  105 adult female 05day    27 adult female 30day    22 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    2 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    3 embryo 22-24hr    2 larva L1    4 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    3 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    98 pupae 4d postWPP    162 adult male 01day    147 adult male 05day    127 adult male 30day    138 adult female 01day    105 adult female 05day    27 adult female 30day    22 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    2 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    3 embryo 22-24hr    2 larva L1    4 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    3 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    98 pupae 4d postWPP    162 adult male 01day    147 adult male 05day    127 adult male 30day    138 adult female 01day    105 adult female 05day    27 adult female 30day    22 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    2 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    3 embryo 22-24hr    2 larva L1    4 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    3 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP  (98) pupae 4d postWPP  (162) adult male 01day  (147) adult male 05day  (127) adult male 30day  (138) adult female 01day  (105) adult female 05day  27 adult female 30day    22 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    2 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    3 embryo 22-24hr    2 larva L1    4 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    3 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    98 pupae 4d postWPP  (162) adult male 01day  (147) adult male 05day  127 adult male 30day  138 adult female 01day  105 adult female 05day    27 adult female 30day    22 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    2 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    3 embryo 22-24hr    2 larva L1    4 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    0 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    3 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    98 pupae 4d postWPP    162 adult male 01day    147 adult male 05day    127 adult male 30day    138 adult female 01day    105 adult female 05day    27 adult female 30day    22 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    17 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    41 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    18 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    42 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    57 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    17 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (27) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (41) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    18 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (42) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (57) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    17 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    41 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    18 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    42 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    57 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    17 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    41 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    18 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    42 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    57 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    17 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    41 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    18 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    42 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    57 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    17 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  27 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (41) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    18 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (42) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (57) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    17 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    41 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    18 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    42 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    57 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    17 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    15 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    41 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    18 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    42 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    57 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_00
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • CG8770 HL07966 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0004623 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG8770-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for Gβ76C Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 Gβ76CGD13785 Other Phenotypes Allele neurophysiology defective Gβ76C1 Gβ76C2 wild-type Gβ76C+tDa Phenotype manifest in Allele photoreceptor cell Gβ76C1 Gβ76C2
Classical Alleles ( 2 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Gβ76C Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Gβ76C1 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence 2 Yes Gβ76C2 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence 1 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Gβ76C Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Gβ76CGD13785 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes Gβ76CJF03127 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes Gβ76CKK104099 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes Gβ76C+tDa in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes Gβ76CNIG.8770R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3L)Exel6135 (Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data characterization construct P{Gβe+} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 11 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 10 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
GTPase activity inferred from mutant phenotype (Dolph et al., 1994, Yarfitz et al., 1994) protein heterodimerization activity inferred from physical interaction with Gγ30A (Schulz et al., 1999)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
activation of phospholipase C activity inferred from mutant phenotype (Running Deer et al., 1995) deactivation of rhodopsin mediated signaling inferred from mutant phenotype (Dolph et al., 1994) phototransduction inferred from direct assay (Elia et al., 2005) inferred from mutant phenotype (Yarfitz et al., 1994) rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway inferred from mutant phenotype (Dolph et al., 1994)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasm inferred from direct assay (Schulz et al., 1999) heterotrimeric G-protein complex inferred from direct assay (Yarfitz et al., 1994) inferred from physical interaction with Gγ30A (Huber et al., 1999) plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (Khanna et al., 2010) rhabdomere inferred from direct assay (Yarfitz et al., 1994, Schulz et al., 1999)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 5 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
GTPase activity non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1993.4.1)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
deactivation of rhodopsin mediated signaling traceable author statement (Zuker, 1996, Montell, 1999) G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway non-traceable author statement (Yarfitz et al., 1994, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1993.4.1)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
heterotrimeric G-protein complex non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1993.4.1) rhabdomere traceable author statement (Montell, 1999)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Gβ76C allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 65418 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0004623 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 40148 SignaLink - A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores. • P29829
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (30) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6SN27N Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6HMJJW Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6189HX Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6547F4 Metazoa inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6SN27N)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\Gβ76C     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD14823 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM19633 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG16054 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE19620     Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF23715 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA21307 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL20952 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK13039 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ13508 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI11805 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH16945 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6HMJJW)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL008108   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP001506   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ012724
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6189HX)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\LOC551950   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG007003   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH19085   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP19680   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO13295   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL19728   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH24442   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB24983   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV22650   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI001816   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA000524   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM373630   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM397410   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC014410
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6547F4)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\Gnb3
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (None identified)
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Human Orthologs (0)
Gene OMIM HGNC
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD14823 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM19633 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG16054 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE19619 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF23715 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA21307 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL20952 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK13039 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ13508 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI11805 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH16945
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 7 )
Bloomington	1468 w1118; Gβ76C1 28507 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF03127}attP2 42256 w*; Gβ76C2/TM6B, Tb1
Kyoto	106327 w1118; Gβ76C1
VDRC	v104745 P{KK104099}VIE-260B v28869 w1118; P{GD13785}v28869 v28870 w1118; P{GD13785}v28870
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR23N10 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 49 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	HL07966
Other clones	DPiM_HL07966
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GH03663 GH03908 GH04523 GH07142 GH08676 GH10567 GH10744 GH11901 GH14610 GH15181 GH16232 GH19870 GH20790 GH24353 GH25053 GH25730 HL02350 HL03304 HL04792 HL05974 RH39740 RH58436 RH60269 RH66662 RH69658
Other clones	14327 45096 73988 102701 194673 CK01.19D.F2 CK01.50B.E4 CK01.77B.C5 CK01.99D.H4 CK01.126D.C10 CK01.132B.C12 Dmel_dig_015343_0598_0505 EK041650 EK095044 EK097241 EK097808 EK160636 EK201004 EK297963 IP09729 IP15382 IP15985
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0004623 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 40148
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
	Excess of Gβ76C over Gα49B prevents dark, spontaneous activity of photoreceptors. (Elia et al., 2005) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology. (Kiger et al., 2003) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers against this gene tested in a cl-8 cell reporter assay to examine any role of Gβ76C in the hh signalling pathway. (Lum, 2003) Light-sensitive norpA phospholipase C activity in Drosophila head membranes is dependent on normal Gβ76C function. (Running Deer et al., 1995) Gβ76C is an eye specific G-protein β subunit which is essential for G-protein-receptor coupling in vivo. Mutants are also severely defective in the deactivation of the light response demonstrating an essential role for the Gβ76C subunit in terminating the active state of the signalling cascade. (Dolph et al., 1994) An in situ 35S-labelled guanosine 5'-3-0-(thio)triphosphate (35S GTPγS) binding procedure can assay light stimulated G protein activity in eyes. Results demonstrate Gβ76C functions as the β subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein that couples photoactivation of rhodopsin to downstream components in the phototransduction cascade. (Yarfitz et al., 1994) Gβ76C has been cloned and sequenced, and its expression pattern has been analysed. (Yarfitz et al., 1991)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_078996 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_523720 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA699217 AAA73103 AAF49124 AAM50746 AI518929 AY118886 M76593 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 40148 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P29829
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain (IPR015943) WD40-repeat-containing domain (IPR017986) G-protein, beta subunit (IPR001632) WD40 repeat (IPR001680) Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit (IPR016346) WD40 repeat, conserved site (IPR019775) G-protein beta WD-40 repeat (IPR020472) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • CG8770 HL07966
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 65418 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0004623 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0004623 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0004623 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG8770-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0004623 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 40148 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 40148 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0004623 SignaLink - A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores. • P29829
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 21 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG8770 (Boto et al., 2010, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Khanna et al., 2010) DGqβ (Kosloff et al., 2003) eGβ (Zelhof et al., 2003) eye Gβ (Zelhof et al., 2003) Gβ76C (Boto et al., 2010) Gβ (Montell, 2000) Gβe (Kosloff et al., 2003) Gq (Delmas et al., 2004) Galpha76C (Yang et al., 2005) Gbe (Sapir et al., 2005, Zemelman et al., 2002, Yarfitz et al., 1993, Yarfitz et al., 1994, Yarfitz et al., 1991, Sun et al., 2008) gbe (Hardie, 2001, Alvarez et al., 1996, Zuker, 1996, Zuker, 1992, Ranganathan et al., 1991) Gbeta76C (Lum, 2003, Pedra et al., 2004, Giot et al., 2003, Yang et al., 2005, Cooper et al., 2010, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21) Gqβ (Montell, 1999) Gβ (Lee et al., 2004, Zemelman et al., 2002, Yamashita et al., 2005) Gβ76C (Yao and Carlson, 2010, Stuart et al., 2007, Landry et al., 2007, Boto et al., 2010, Yi et al., 2008, Senthilan et al., 2012) Gβ{e} (Elia et al., 2005) Gβe (Harris and Lim, 2001, Schulz et al., 1999, Elia et al., 2005, Wang et al., 2008, Frechter et al., 2007) Gβe (Schillo et al., 2004, Xu et al., 2004, Hardie et al., 2002, Montell, 1999, Huber et al., 1999, Running Deer et al., 1995, Yarfitz et al., 1994, Dolph et al., 1994, Boto et al., 2010, Hu et al., 2012)
Name Synonym	Gβ eye (Yarfitz et al., 1991) G protein β-subunit 76C (Khanna et al., 2010) guanine nucleotide regulatory protein beta subunit (Yarfitz, 1994.5.27)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0016651
References ( 62 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 62 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 30 ) Supplementary material  ( 7 ) Review  ( 10 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 5 ) Abstract  ( 3 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Stock list  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 )
Recent research papers ( 3 )
	Hu et al., 2012, J. Biol. Chem. 287(17): 13911--13918 Protein gq modulates termination of phototransduction and prevents retinal degeneration. [FBrf0218114] Katz and Minke, 2012, J. Neurosci. 32(8): 2722--2733 Phospholipase C-mediated suppression of dark noise enables single-photon detection in Drosophila photoreceptors. [FBrf0217559] Senthilan et al., 2012, Cell 150(5): 1042--1054 Drosophila auditory organ genes and genetic hearing defects. [FBrf0219321] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...