FB2019_05, released Oct 15, 2019

Gene: Dmel\rho

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\rho
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
rhomboid
Annotation Symbol
CG1004
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0004635
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
61 publicly available
Gene Snapshot
rhomboid (rho) encodes an intra-membrane serine protease that processes the membrane precursors of Egfr ligands. Its roles include growth regulation, cell survival and developmental patterning. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Other Summaries
Also Known As
ve, Rho1, rhomboid-1, rho-1, veinlet
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
62A2-62A2
Sequence location
3L:1,463,811..1,468,944 [+]
Recombination map
3-0.5
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Pathway (FlyBase)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the peptidase S54 family. (P20350)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Molecular Function (GO)
[Detailed GO annotations]
Experimental Evidence
serine-type endopeptidase activity
Predictions / Assertions
serine-type endopeptidase activity
Summaries
Pathway (FlyBase)
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Ligand Production -
Factors required for the proteolytic cleavage and/or secretion of transforming growth factor-α-like Egfr ligands spi, Krn or grk.
Gene Group (FlyBase)
RHOMBOID PROTEASES -
Rhomboid proteases are intramembrane serine proteases related to rho, that cleave other transmembrane proteins within their transmembrane domains. Rhomboid proteases are best characterized for their role in epidermal growth factor signaling, where they are required for the production the soluble, secreted ligand. (Adapted from FBrf0235672).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Acts early in embryonic development to establish position along the dorsoventral axis and then again later to specify the fate of neuronal precursor cells. Involved in EGF receptor signaling; cleaves Spitz to release the active growth factor.
(UniProt, P20350)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
ve: veinlet (E. Bier)
thumb
ve: veinlet
From Duncan, 1935, Am. Naturalist 69: 94-96.
Viable alleles exhibit wing venation defects; strong alleles are embryonic lethal. In flies homozygous for viable alleles the L3, L4, and L5 veins do not reach the wing margins (Duncan; Waddington). Developmentally, veins appear complete in prepupa but distal tips are obliterated during the contraction period (Waddington, 1939, 1940). The shortened-vein phenotype is suppressed by px (Waddington), net, and su(ve), and is enhanced by vn, H, Ax, ci, tg2, and ri (Waddington; Diaz-Benjumea and Garcia-Bellido, 1990, Wilhelm Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol 198: 336-54.). Vein-specific modifiers, such as gp, (Bridges and Morgan, 1919, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. No. 278: 208) or PL(2)L4a (Thompson, 1976), interact with the effect of ve on L4. The L5 vein seldom extends beyond the posterior crossvein. ve2 is a stronger allele, in which the L2 is also affected (Bertschmann); L2 vein occasionally complete (Thompson, 1976), but other veins do not overlap wild type. Distribution of sense organs (campaniform sensilla and bristles) on L3 is shifted proximally in ve (Spivey and Thompson) When a ve stock is selected for shortened veins, the F1 produced by mating wild-type males to mutant females show terminal gaps in L5 (Thompson and Thoday, 1976). ve/ve/+ intersexes are veinlet, whereas ve/ve/+ triploids are normal, according to Pipkin. Interestingly flies heterozygous for ve and strong embryonic lethal alleles display less severe veinlet phenotypes than ve homozygotes (Bier et al.; Diaz-Benjumea and Garcia-Bellido); furthermore, ve1/ve5 flies appear wild type (Bier, unpublished). Homozygous ve5 embryos exhibit three major types of defects: (1) Dorsoventral defects: Embryos exhibit a deletion of epithelial cells derived from a ventrolateral strip of the blastoderm fate map (i.e., loss of mediolateral cuticular denticles and sensory structures). Other phenotypes resulting from blastoderm patterning defects include failure to complete dorsal closure and development of an abnormal pointed head skeleton (Jurgens et al.; Mayer and Nusslein-Volhard). (2) Midline defects: Mesectodermal cells giving rise to glia and unpaired neurons are abnormal or fail to form. Late developmental consequences include a narrower CNS and pathfinding abnormalities (Mayer and Nusslein-Volhard). (3) Peripheral-nervous-system defects: Two stretch receptor organs (lateral abdominal chordotonal organs) fail to form in lethal ve mutants. The primary chordotonal-organ-precursor cells are likely to be affected since the four progeny sensory-organ cells derived from that precursor cell are missing as a group (Bier et al.). Other late embryonic defects include loss of longitudinal body-wall muscles, ventrally displaced muscle-attachment sites (Bier et al.), and loss of the first row of denticles in abdominal segments (Mayer and Nusslein-Volhard).
Summary (Interactive Fly)
serine protease - transmembrane protein involved with Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling - required for the production or processing of Spitz, the Egfr ligand
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\rho or the JBrowse view of Dmel\rho for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model
Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated
Gene model reviewed during 5.42
Gene model reviewed during 5.46
Gene model reviewed during 5.52
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
rho-RA
FBtr0072694
NM_079159
2531
355
rho-RB
FBtr0333207
NM_001274326
3000
355
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
2.9, 2.5 (northern blot)
(Bier et al., 1990)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
rho-PA
FBpp0072578
39.3
355
5.12
NP_523883
AAF47496
rho-PB
FBpp0305409
39.3
355
5.12
NP_001261255
AGB93950
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

355 aa isoforms: rho-PA, rho-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
355 (aa); 39 (kD)
(Bier et al., 1990)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\rho using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Gene Ontology (36 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
serine-type endopeptidase activity
inferred from direct assay
(Rousso et al., 2010, Tsruya et al., 2007, Ghiglione et al., 2002, Reich and Shilo, 2002, Urban et al., 2002, Urban et al., 2002, Lee et al., 2001, Urban et al., 2001)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Urban et al., 2001)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:spi; FB:FBgn0005672
(Urban et al., 2001)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
serine-type endopeptidase activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000533014
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
inferred from sequence model
(Urban et al., 2001)
Biological Process (29 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (29 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
axonogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Grueber et al., 2007)
behavioral response to ethanol
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Corl et al., 2009, Berger et al., 2008)
brain development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Page, 2003)
cell-cell adhesion
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Cela and Llimargas, 2006)
compound eye photoreceptor fate commitment
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:ru; FB:FBgn0003295
(Wasserman et al., 2000)
determination of genital disc primordium
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Chen et al., 2005)
dorsal closure
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Kushnir et al., 2017)
epidermal growth factor receptor ligand maturation
inferred from direct assay
(Bang and Kintner, 2000)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:spi; FB:FBgn0005672
(Schweitzer et al., 1995)
epithelial cell proliferation involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kerber et al., 1998)
imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Dworkin and Gibson, 2006)
imaginal disc-derived wing vein morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Marenda et al., 2006, Ragab et al., 2006, Ralston and Blair, 2005)
imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Marenda et al., 2006, Brentrup et al., 2000, Guichard et al., 1999)
larval salivary gland morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Maybeck and Röper, 2009)
leg disc proximal/distal pattern formation
inferred from expression pattern
(Galindo et al., 2005)
maintenance of epithelial integrity, open tracheal system
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Cela and Llimargas, 2006)
mitotic cytokinesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Rogers et al., 2003)
negative regulation of gene expression
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Kushnir et al., 2017)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Brentrup et al., 2000)
negative regulation of intracellular protein transport
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Tsruya et al., 2007)
oenocyte development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Brodu et al., 2002)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:abd-A; FB:FBgn0000014
(Brodu et al., 2002)
oenocyte differentiation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wang et al., 2017)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:abd-A; FB:FBgn0000014
(Wang et al., 2017)
peptide bond cleavage involved in epidermal growth factor receptor ligand maturation
inferred from direct assay
(Rousso et al., 2010, Tsruya et al., 2007, Ghiglione et al., 2002, Reich and Shilo, 2002, Urban et al., 2002, Urban et al., 2002, Lee et al., 2001)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Yogev et al., 2010)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:spi; FB:FBgn0005672
(Urban et al., 2001)
photoreceptor cell fate determination
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Egfr; FB:FBgn0003731
(Freeman, 1994)
positive regulation of gene expression
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Kushnir et al., 2017)
positive regulation of phosphorylation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Kushnir et al., 2017)
proteolysis
inferred from direct assay
(Urban et al., 2002)
regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Zettl et al., 2011)
stem cell fate commitment
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Figeac et al., 2010)
tracheal pit formation in open tracheal system
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Brodu and Casanova, 2006)
wing cell fate specification
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Marenda et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
apical part of cell
inferred from direct assay
(Yogev et al., 2010)
cytoplasm
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Sarov et al., 2016)
Golgi apparatus
inferred from direct assay
(Urban et al., 2001)
integral component of Golgi membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Urban et al., 2002, Lee et al., 2001)
late endosome membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Tsruya et al., 2007)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
integral component of membrane
inferred from sequence model
(Urban et al., 2001)
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
Malpighian tubule tip cell
(Kerber et al., 1998)
tracheal pit
(Bier et al., 1990)
chordotonal organ | precursor
(Bier et al., 1990)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
central brain anlage in statu nascendi
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
mesectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
antennal anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 5
organism | restricted | ventro-lateral

Comment: ventro-lateral stripe

(Bier et al., 1990)
organism | ventro-lateral

Comment: in a stripe 7-8 cells wide

(Ponomareff et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 5 -- 6
mesectoderm
(Kearney et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 6 -- 7
mesectoderm
(Bier et al., 1990)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
mesectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
mesectoderm anlage
(Kearney et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 7 -- 12
ventral midline
(Bier et al., 1990)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
dorsal ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
mesectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 12
midline primordium
(Kearney et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 10 -- 15
embryonic central brain | subset
(Page, 2003)
embryonic foregut | anterior | ventral
(Page, 2003)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
cardiogenic mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal epidermis primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
pericardial cell primordium

Comment: reported as pericardial cell specific anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior spiracle primordium

Comment: reported as posterior spiracle specific anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
tracheal primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 13
epidermis | segmentally repeated
(Alexandre et al., 1999)
denticle field anlage
(Alexandre et al., 1999)
embryonic stage 12 -- 13
abdominal lateral oblique muscle 1 founder cell
(Figeac et al., 2010)
embryonic stage 12 -- 17
central nervous system | segmentally repeated
(Bier et al., 1990)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic/larval pericardial cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval visceral muscle
(Fisher et al., 2012)
sensory nervous system primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior midline glial cell
(Kearney et al., 2004)
ventral midline neuron
(Kearney et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 13 -- 17
organism | segment boundary
(Bier et al., 1990)
larval stage & pupal stage
wing vein L2 | precursor
(Sturtevant et al., 1993)
wing vein L4 | precursor
(Sturtevant et al., 1993)
wing vein | precursor
(Sturtevant et al., 1993)
wing vein L3 | precursor
(Sturtevant et al., 1993)
wing vein L5 | precursor
(Sturtevant et al., 1993)
wing vein L1 | precursor
(Sturtevant et al., 1993)
third instar larval stage
presumptive wing vein L3
(Pallavi et al., 2006)
presumptive wing vein L4
(Pallavi et al., 2006)
presumptive wing vein L5
(Pallavi et al., 2006)
dorsal-ventral compartment boundary of the wing disc | vicinity of
(Pallavi et al., 2006)
wing hinge primordium
(Pallavi et al., 2006)
mesothoracic tergum primordium
(Pallavi et al., 2006)
haltere disc | restricted

Comment: presumptive hinge

(Pallavi et al., 2006)
eye disc posterior to the morphogenetic furrow
(Birkholz et al., 2009)
morphogenetic furrow
(Birkholz et al., 2009)
wandering third instar larval stage
presumptive wing vein
(Cook et al., 2004)
presumptive wing margin
(Cook et al., 2004)
ventral thoracic disc | restricted
(Klebes et al., 2005)
pupal stage
wing vein L5
(Sturtevant et al., 1993)
wing vein L3
(Sturtevant et al., 1993)
wing vein L4
(Sturtevant et al., 1993)
wing vein L1
(Sturtevant et al., 1993)
crossvein
(Sturtevant et al., 1993)
wing vein
(Sturtevant et al., 1993)
wing vein L2
(Sturtevant et al., 1993)
pupal stage P6
wing vein

Comment: 25-30 hr APF

(Verheyen et al., 2001)
oogenesis stage S6
follicle cell
(Ruohola-Baker et al., 1993)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage & pupal stage & adult stage
(Bier et al., 1990)
Additional Descriptive Data
In the wing pouch, rho is expressed in presumptive wing veins L3, L4, and L5, and in two stripes parallel to the D/V compartment boundary. Expression is also observed in the presumptive wing hinge and mesonotum regions. No transcript is observed in the haltere disc. rho transcript is expressed in the presumptive hinge region of the haltere disc, but not in the haltere pouch.
(Pallavi et al., 2006)
rho transcript is expressed in concentric ring pattern in leg discs.
(Klebes et al., 2005)
Expression pattern inferred from unspecified enhancer trap line.
(Kearney et al., 2004)
As the Malphighian tubules start to evert, rho transcript is detected in the tip mother cell, and subsequently in the tip cell.
(Kerber et al., 1998)
rho is expressed in follicle cells and in the germline during oogenesis. At oogenesis stage S9, it is expressed in a broad group of cells in the dorsal-anterior end of the egg chamber and by stage S10, expression is restricted to two dorsal-anterior stripes corresponding to the sites of future dorsal respiratory appendages. The early and late oogenesis expression patterns are expanded in fs(1)K10 mutants. In grk and FBgn0003731:Egfr mutants, the early oogenisis pattern is unaffected but the late pattern shows severe restriction of cells expressing FBgn0004635:rho @.
(Ruohola-Baker et al., 1993)
rho is expressed in wandering third instar larvae and in early prepupae in a pattern of intersecting stripes that is likely to be the wing vein primordia. Later, its expression is restricted to developing veins.
(Sturtevant et al., 1993)
rho transcripts are detected in embryos, pupae, and adults on northern blots.
(Bier et al., 1990)
rho is expressed in a complex pattern during embryogenesis. Expression is first observed at the cellular blastoderm stage in two ventrolateral domains, 7-8 cells wide separated by a 13-15 cell wide unlabeled ventral strip. These domains become narrower and modulated in intensity along the A/P axis. As the mesoderm invaginates, the label moves ventrally and becomes restricted to a single row of cells on either side of the midline. Expression continues in these cells as they meet to form the mesectoderm and persists until germ band retraction. During germ band extension, strong expression is seen in cells that will form tracheal pits and in a single large cell dorsal and posterior to the tracheal pit that is thought to be the precursor of chordotonal organs. During germ band retraction, expression begins in the CNS in a segmentally repeated pattern. At the end of germ band retraction, cells forming the anterior-most row in each abdominal segment are labelled both dorsally and ventrally. In the thoracic segments, only the dorsal cells are labelled.
(Bier et al., 1990)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
No Assay Recorded
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
photoreceptor cell R8 | presumptive
(Freeman et al., 1992)
photoreceptor cell R2 | presumptive
(Freeman et al., 1992)
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 11
tracheal primordium
(Llimargas and Casanova, 1999)
third instar larval stage
ommatidium
(Freeman et al., 1992)
photoreceptor cell R5 | presumptive
(Freeman et al., 1992)
photoreceptor cell R2
(Freeman et al., 1992)
photoreceptor cell R5
(Freeman et al., 1992)
photoreceptor cell R8
(Freeman et al., 1992)
medulla forming neuroblast
(Yasugi et al., 2010)
adult stage & oogenesis
follicle cell
(Ruohola-Baker et al., 1993)
Additional Descriptive Data
ve protein is localized predominantly on the apical surface of the dorsal anterior follicle cells.
(Yasugi et al., 2010, Ruohola-Baker et al., 1993)
ve protein is expressed in the germline and in dorsal anterior follicle cells during oogenesis. In early stages of oogenesis, it is expressed in a broad group of cells in the dorsal-anterior end of the egg chamber and in later stages, expression is restricted to two dorsal-anterior stripes
(Ruohola-Baker et al., 1993)
ve protein is expressed in the third instar larval eye disc posterior to the morphogenetic furrow. Staining is restricted to the ommatidia and occurs mainly in receptor cells R2, R5, and R8.
(Freeman et al., 1992)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
apical part of cell
inferred from direct assay
(Yogev et al., 2010)
cytoplasm
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Sarov et al., 2016)
Golgi apparatus
inferred from direct assay
(Urban et al., 2001)
integral component of Golgi membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Urban et al., 2002, Lee et al., 2001)
late endosome membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Tsruya et al., 2007)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{A92}rhoAA69
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
ventral midline
(Nambu et al., 1990)
prepupal stage P3
campaniform sensillum of anterior crossvein
(Conley et al., 2000)
pupal stage P6
wing vein L3
(Conley et al., 2000)
wing vein L4
(Conley et al., 2000)
wing vein L5
(Conley et al., 2000)
crossvein

Comment: 28-32 hr APF

(Conley et al., 2000)
Reporter: P{GAL4-ve.L}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
ventral midline
(Klaes et al., 1994)
ventral neurectoderm
(Klaes et al., 1994)
mesoderm
(Klaes et al., 1994)
embryonic stage 10
mesoderm
(Granderath et al., 2000)
ventral neurectoderm
(Granderath et al., 2000)
ventral midline
(Granderath et al., 2000)
embryonic stage
ectoderm
(Golembo et al., 1996)
Reporter: P{lacW}rho5
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
organism | segment boundary
(Bier et al., 1990)
embryonic/larval pharynx | vicinity of
(Bier et al., 1990)
embryonic/larval posterior spiracle
(Bier et al., 1990)
inclusive hindgut primordium
(Bier et al., 1990)
embryonic/larval proventriculus
(Bier et al., 1990)
ventral midline
(Bier et al., 1990)
pupal stage
wing vein
(Johannes and Preiss, 2002)
Reporter: P{lacZ}rho-R1.1
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
oogenesis stage S10B -- S14 & adult stage | female
floor cell | variable
(Dorman et al., 2004)
Reporter: P{lwB}X81
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
lch5 cap attachment cell
(Elstob et al., 2001)
lch5 ligament attachment cell
(Elstob et al., 2001)
abdominal lch5 neuron | subset
(Elstob et al., 2001)
scolopidium | subset
(Elstob et al., 2001)
C1 chordotonal organ precursor cell | subset
(Elstob et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 6 -- 7
ventral furrow
(Freeman et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 6 -- 8
embryonic head
(Freeman et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
ventral midline
(Freeman et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 9 -- 11
mesectoderm
(Freeman et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 10 -- 15
embryonic central brain | subset
(Page, 2003)
embryonic foregut | anterior | ventral
(Page, 2003)
embryonic stage 10 -- 16
abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5 | subset
(Elstob et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 11 -- 13
epidermis | segmentally repeated
(Alexandre et al., 1999)
denticle field anlage
(Alexandre et al., 1999)
embryonic stage 12 -- 13
embryonic ventral epidermis | segmentally repeated
(Freeman et al., 1992)
ventral midline | restricted
(Freeman et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 16
organism | segmentally repeated
(Sanson et al., 1999)
third instar larval stage
photoreceptor cell R5
(Freeman et al., 1992)
photoreceptor cell R8 | presumptive
(Kramer et al., 1995)
photoreceptor cell R5 | presumptive
(Kramer et al., 1995)
photoreceptor cell R2 | presumptive
(Kramer et al., 1995)
third instar larval stage -- pupal stage P7
photoreceptor cell R2
(Freeman et al., 1992)
photoreceptor cell R5
(Freeman et al., 1992)
photoreceptor cell R8
(Freeman et al., 1992)
photoreceptor cell R1 | faint
(Freeman et al., 1992)
photoreceptor cell R3 | faint
(Freeman et al., 1992)
photoreceptor cell R4 | faint
(Freeman et al., 1992)
photoreceptor cell R6 | faint
(Freeman et al., 1992)
photoreceptor cell R7 | faint
(Freeman et al., 1992)
pupal stage P6
tormogen cell of leg sensillum

Comment: 24h APF

(Peng et al., 2012)
trichogen cell of leg sensillum

Comment: 24h APF

(Peng et al., 2012)
Reporter: P{rho.NEEE.299-lacZ}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 5
ectoderm | ventro-lateral
(Markstein et al., 2004)
ventral neurectoderm
(Markstein et al., 2004)
Reporter: P{Rho(ve)-lacZ.0.7}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
oogenesis stage S10 -- S14 & adult stage | female
floor cell
(Peters et al., 2013)
Reporter: P{Rho(ve)-lacZ.1.8}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
mesectoderm
(Ip et al., 1992)
mesoderm
(Ip et al., 1992)
Reporter: P{Rho(ve)-lacZ.2.0}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
tracheal pit
(Ip et al., 1992)
mesectoderm
(Ip et al., 1992)
ventral neurectoderm
(Ip et al., 1992)
Reporter: P{Rho(ve)-lacZ.2.2}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
tracheal pit
(Ip et al., 1992)
mesectoderm
(Ip et al., 1992)
ventral neurectoderm
(Ip et al., 1992)
Reporter: P{Rho(ve)-lacZ.EE}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 11
ventral midline
(Ip et al., 1992)
tracheal pit
(Ip et al., 1992)
Reporter: P{rho-lacZ.654}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5
(Li-Kroeger et al., 2008)
embryonic stage 11
C1 chordotonal organ precursor cell
(Li-Kroeger et al., 2008)
Reporter: P{rho-lacZ.BAD}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 11
C1 chordotonal organ precursor cell of abdominal segment
(Witt et al., 2010)
C1 chordotonal organ precursor cell of thoracic segment
(Witt et al., 2010)
embryonic stage 16
C1 chordotonal organ precursor cell of abdominal segment
(Witt et al., 2010)
Reporter: P{veNEE-lacZ}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 4 -- 7
lateral ventral neurectoderm
(Gray et al., 1994)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\rho in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, and Transgenic Constructs
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 32 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 39 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of rho
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of rho
Deletions and Duplications ( 9 )
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal
lethal, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of embryonic stage | recessive
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4sca-4512
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Other Phenotypes
Allele
chemical sensitive
decreased cell number | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
decreased cell number | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4twi.2PE
decreased cell number | embryonic stage (with rho7M43)
decreased cell number | embryonic stage (with rhoL68)
flightless | recessive
increased cell number | embryonic stage 12
increased cell number | embryonic stage 13
increased cell number | embryonic stage 15, with Scer\GAL4prd.PU
increased cell number | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4, Scer\GAL4tin.cBa
increased cell number | pupal stage
increased occurrence of cell division | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4esg.PU
increased occurrence of cell division | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4sim.PS
learning defective
memory defective
neuroanatomy defective
some die during embryonic stage | recessive
visible
visible, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
visible, with Scer\GAL4CY2
visible, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
visible, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
visible, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
visible, with Scer\GAL4sd.PU
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4MD-638
visible | dominant
visible | heat sensitive
visible | recessive
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
abdominal 1 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5
abdominal 1 ventral denticle belt
abdominal 1 ventral longitudinal muscle 4
abdominal 1 ventral monoscolopidial chordotonal organ vch1
abdominal 1 ventral oblique muscle 1
abdominal 1 ventral oblique muscle 2
abdominal 2 dorsal acute muscle 1
abdominal 2 dorsal acute muscle 3
abdominal 2 dorsal oblique muscle 3
abdominal 2 dorsal oblique muscle 4
abdominal 2 lateral longitudinal muscle 1
abdominal 2 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5
abdominal 2 ventral longitudinal muscle 4
abdominal 2 ventral monoscolopidial chordotonal organ vch1
abdominal 2 ventral oblique muscle 1
abdominal 2 ventral oblique muscle 2
abdominal 3 dorsal acute muscle 1
abdominal 3 dorsal acute muscle 3
abdominal 3 dorsal oblique muscle 3
abdominal 3 dorsal oblique muscle 4
abdominal 3 lateral longitudinal muscle 1
abdominal 3 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5
abdominal 3 ventral longitudinal muscle 4
abdominal 3 ventral monoscolopidial chordotonal organ vch1
abdominal 3 ventral oblique muscle 1
abdominal 3 ventral oblique muscle 2
abdominal 4 dorsal acute muscle 1
abdominal 4 dorsal acute muscle 3
abdominal 4 dorsal oblique muscle 3
abdominal 4 dorsal oblique muscle 4
abdominal 4 lateral longitudinal muscle 1
abdominal 4 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5
abdominal 4 ventral denticle belt
abdominal 4 ventral longitudinal muscle 4
abdominal 4 ventral monoscolopidial chordotonal organ vch1
abdominal 4 ventral oblique muscle 1
abdominal 4 ventral oblique muscle 2
abdominal 5 dorsal acute muscle 1
abdominal 5 dorsal acute muscle 3
abdominal 5 dorsal oblique muscle 3
abdominal 5 dorsal oblique muscle 4
abdominal 5 lateral longitudinal muscle 1
abdominal 5 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5
abdominal 5 ventral denticle belt
abdominal 5 ventral longitudinal muscle 4
abdominal 5 ventral monoscolopidial chordotonal organ vch1
abdominal 5 ventral oblique muscle 1
abdominal 5 ventral oblique muscle 2
abdominal 6 dorsal acute muscle 1
abdominal 6 dorsal acute muscle 3
abdominal 6 dorsal oblique muscle 3
abdominal 6 dorsal oblique muscle 4
abdominal 6 lateral longitudinal muscle 1
abdominal 6 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5
abdominal 6 ventral longitudinal muscle 4
abdominal 6 ventral monoscolopidial chordotonal organ vch1
abdominal 6 ventral oblique muscle 1
abdominal 6 ventral oblique muscle 2
abdominal 7 dorsal acute muscle 1
abdominal 7 dorsal acute muscle 3
abdominal 7 dorsal oblique muscle 3
abdominal 7 dorsal oblique muscle 4
abdominal 7 lateral longitudinal muscle 1
abdominal 7 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5
abdominal 7 ventral longitudinal muscle 4
abdominal 7 ventral monoscolopidial chordotonal organ vch1
abdominal 7 ventral oblique muscle 1
abdominal 7 ventral oblique muscle 2
abdominal dorsal adult muscle precursor cell, with Scer\GAL469B
abdominal dorsal adult muscle precursor cell, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
abdominal dorsal adult muscle precursor cell, with Scer\GAL4kirre.PR
abdominal dorso-lateral adult muscle precursor cell, with Scer\GAL469B
abdominal dorso-lateral adult muscle precursor cell, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
abdominal dorso-lateral adult muscle precursor cell, with Scer\GAL4kirre.PR
abdominal lateral adult muscle precursor cell, with Scer\GAL469B
abdominal lateral adult muscle precursor cell, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
abdominal lateral adult muscle precursor cell, with Scer\GAL4kirre.PR
abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5
abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5 | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
adult midgut epithelium, with Scer\GAL4esg.PU
adult optic lobe
anal pad
antenno-maxillary complex
anterior commissure
anterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4e22c
axon
Bolwig organ
bract | somatic clone
cephalopharyngeal skeleton
chordotonal organ
chordotonal organ | precursor & embryonic abdomen
chordotonal organ precursor cell & ventral thoracic disc, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68
chorion, with Scer\GAL4CY2
chorion, with Scer\GAL4T155
chorion | ectopic | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
commissure
cone cell | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
crossvein | ectopic
dendritic arborizing neuron
denticle | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
denticle belt
denticle belt, with Scer\GAL455B
denticle belt, with Scer\GAL4prd.RG1
denticle belt | ventral
dorsal appendage
dorsal appendage, with Scer\GAL4CY2
dorsal appendage | cell non-autonomous | ectopic | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
dorsal appendage | ectopic, with Scer\GAL455B
dorsal appendage | ectopic | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
dorsal appendage | maternal effect | somatic clone
dorsal hair, with Scer\GAL455B
dorsal mesothoracic disc primordium
dorsal neurohemal organ
dorsal neurohemal organ | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4prd.RG1
egg
egg, with Scer\GAL4CY2
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
embryonic/larval dorsal trunk
embryonic/larval ganglionic branch 1 | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4bs-23.26
embryonic/larval ganglionic branch 1 | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4sim.PS
embryonic/larval oenocyte
embryonic/larval oenocyte | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4ato.3.6
embryonic/larval oenocyte | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
embryonic/larval oenocyte | ectopic | embryonic stage 15, with Scer\GAL4prd.PU
embryonic/larval oenocyte | embryonic stage 15, with Scer\GAL4prd.PU
embryonic/larval oenocyte | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
embryonic/larval oenocyte precursor | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
embryonic/larval optic lobe
embryonic/larval optic lobe | posterior
embryonic/larval salivary gland, with Scer\GAL4arm.PU
embryonic/larval salivary gland, with Scer\GAL4fkh.PH
embryonic/larval trachea
embryonic/larval tracheal system
embryonic/larval visceral branch
embryonic anterior Malpighian tubule
embryonic cardioblast, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
embryonic cardioblast (with rho7M43)
embryonic cardioblast (with rhoL68)
embryonic cardioblast | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4, Scer\GAL4tin.cBa
embryonic central brain
embryonic central brain, with Scer\GAL4sim.PS
embryonic epidermis
embryonic epidermis, with Scer\GAL4arm.PU
embryonic head & external sensory organ
embryonic Malpighian tubule
embryonic mesothoracic segment, with Scer\GAL4ato.3.6
embryonic mesothoracic segment, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
embryonic metathoracic segment, with Scer\GAL4ato.3.6
embryonic metathoracic segment, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
embryonic neuroblast
embryonic ostial cardioblast, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
embryonic ostial cardioblast, with Scer\GAL4twi.2PE
embryonic pericardial cell, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
embryonic pericardial cell (with rho7M43)
embryonic pericardial cell (with rhoL68)
embryonic pericardial cell | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4, Scer\GAL4tin.cBa
embryonic posterior Malpighian tubule
embryonic primordium of adult eye
embryonic primordium of adult salivary gland
embryonic prothoracic segment, with Scer\GAL4ato.3.6
embryonic prothoracic segment, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
embryonic thorax & external sensory organ
embryonic trachea & cortical actin cytoskeleton
embryonic ventral epidermis
embryonic ventral nervous system
eye
eye, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
eye, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
eye photoreceptor cell | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
eye photoreceptor cell | somatic clone
genital disc primordium
heart primordium, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
heart primordium, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4, Scer\GAL4tin.cBa
heart primordium, with Scer\GAL4twi.2PE
heart primordium (with rho7M43)
heart primordium (with rhoL68)
interommatidial bristle
Keilin's organ
larval sense organ & antennal segment
larval sense organ & maxillary segment
lateral cervical tract
lch5 cap attachment cell
lch5 ligament attachment cell
longitudinal connective
mesoderm
mesoderm | ectopic, with Scer\GAL452B
midline glial cell
midline glial cell, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
midline glial cell | ectopic
midline glial cell | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
motor neuron
MP1 neuron
muscle founder cell | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4twi.PG
neuroblast
oenocyte primordium, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
ommatidium
pale ommatidium | somatic clone
photoreceptor cell
photoreceptor cell R8
pigment cell | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
posterior commissure
posterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4e22c
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system
presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system
presumptive embryonic/larval tracheal system
presumptive embryonic/larval tracheal system, with Scer\GAL4salm-459.2
prothoracic ventral denticle belt
retina | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
RP2 motor neuron
RP3 motor neuron
scolopidial dendritic cap cell
scolopidial neuron
scolopidium
segment border muscle, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
segment border muscle | ectopic
sensory neuron
somatic muscle | dorsal
tracheal branch primordium
tracheal primordium
tracheal primordium, with Scer\GAL4salm-459.2
tracheal system
ventral acute muscle 2 | precursor
ventral nerve cord commissure, with Scer\GAL4sca-4512
ventral thoracic disc primordium
VUM interneuron 1
VUM interneuron 2
VUM interneuron 3
VUM neuron
wing
wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing | ectopic
wing disc | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PZ
wing disc dorsal compartment | ectopic | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PZ
wing disc dorsal compartment | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PZ
wing margin, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing margin, with Scer\GAL4sd.PU
wing margin, with Scer\GAL4vg.int2.1
wing vein
wing vein, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing vein | adult stage
wing vein | distal
wing vein | ectopic
wing vein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing vein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4MD-638
wing vein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4sd.PU
wing vein | ectopic | heat sensitive
wing vein | germline clone
wing vein | heat sensitive
wing vein | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing vein L1
wing vein L2
wing vein L2 | germline clone
wing vein L3
wing vein L3, with Scer\GAL4e22c
wing vein L3 | distal
wing vein L3 | germline clone
wing vein L4
wing vein L4, with Scer\GAL4e22c
wing vein L4 | germline clone
wing vein L5
wing vein L5 (with Df(3L)ru-22)
wing vein L6
yellow ommatidium
yellow ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
Homo sapiens (Human) (3)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\RHBDL3
8 of 15
Yes
No
Hsap\RHBDL1
7 of 15
No
No
Hsap\RHBDL2
5 of 15
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (3)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Rhbdl1
7 of 15
Yes
No
Mmus\Rhbdl3
7 of 15
Yes
No
Mmus\Rhbdl2
4 of 15
No
No
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (3)
Rnor\Rhbdl3
7 of 13
Yes
No
Rnor\Rhbdl1
6 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Rhbdl2
4 of 13
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (1)
Xtro\rhbdl2
2 of 12
Yes
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (3)
Drer\rhbdl1
6 of 15
Yes
No
Drer\rhbdl3
6 of 15
Yes
No
Drer\rhbdl2
4 of 15
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
Cele\rom-1
8 of 15
Yes
No
Cele\rom-2
5 of 15
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (3)
Atha\RBL1
1 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\RBL2
1 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\RBL7
1 of 9
Yes
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
No records found.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
No records found.
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09190BLJ )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly
Dmel\rho
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00004507
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\GD13619
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\ve
Drosophila erecta
Dere\GG14792
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\GE21154
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\rho
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Dpse\rho
Drosophila persimilis
Dper\GL22508
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\rho
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\rho
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\GI16668
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH16240
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091508MA )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17012030
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17012028
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY007780
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY007779
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly
Lcup\FF38_13844
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly
Lcup\FF38_13846
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes004363
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL001749
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\AGAP005058
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ003969
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W09CN )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth
Bmor\BGIBMGA007075
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS203240-PA
Heliconius melpomene
Postman butterfly
Hmel\HMEL008701
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\4018168084
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\GB42511
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP24120
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15206942
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH11285
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH26234
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH11286
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:001ce9
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG000780
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG000778
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_09442
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\TC034044
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Phum\PHUM493270
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\rho-2
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC013454
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI000929
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_07414
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X0NQ0 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR010481
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR010480
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR015087
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW021997
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM76991.1
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur14g02680
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_127055
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G12OK )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\SPU_025031gn
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\LOC100180919
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\LOC100175677
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\ENSGALG00000003426
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\ENSGALG00000028345
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v7.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (4)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
ru
6 of 10
rho-4
4 of 10
rho-6
4 of 10
stet
4 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Model Summary Ribbon
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
 
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
RHBDL3; rhomboid like 3
8 of 15
      RHBDL1; rhomboid like 1
      7 of 15
      603264
          RHBDL2; rhomboid like 2
          5 of 15
          608962
              Functional Complementation Data
              Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
              Interactions
              Summary of Physical Interactions
              Summary of Genetic Interactions
              esyN Network Diagram
              esyN Network Key:
              Suppression
              Enhancement
              View in Interactions Browser
              Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
              Starting gene(s)
              Interaction type
              Interacting gene(s)
              Reference
              rho
              enhanceable
              abd-A
              (Wang et al., 2017)
              rho
              suppressible
              AnxB9
              (Tjota et al., 2011)
              rho
              enhanceable
              aop
              (Freeman, 1994)
              rho
              enhanceable
              aos
              (Sawamoto et al., 1994)
              rho
              suppressible
              aos
              (Brodu et al., 2004)
              rho|vn
              suppressible
              ash2
              (Angulo et al., 2004)
              rho
              enhanceable
              brm
              (Marenda et al., 2004)
              rho|vn
              suppressible
              bs
              (Roch et al., 1998)
              rho
              enhanceable
              bs
              (Roch et al., 1998, Sturtevant and Bier, 1995)
              rho
              suppressible
              bs
              (Sturtevant and Bier, 1995)
              rho
              suppressible
              csw
              (Johnson Hamlet and Perkins, 2001)
              rho
              enhanceable
              CycG
              (Nagel et al., 2016)
              rho
              suppressible
              DCTN1-p150
              (Iyadurai et al., 2008)
              rho|vn
              suppressible
              dpp
              (de Celis, 1997)
              rho
              suppressible
              dpp
              (de Celis, 1997, Yu et al., 1996)
              rho
              enhanceable
              ed
              (Bai et al., 2001)
              rho
              enhanceable
              Egfr
              (Guichard et al., 1999)
              rho
              suppressible
              Egfr
              (Guichard et al., 1999, Buff et al., 1998, Freeman, 1994)
              rho|vn
              suppressible
              Egfr
              (Diaz-Benjumea and Garcia-Bellido, 1990)
              rho
              suppressible
              emc
              (Baonza and Garcia-Bellido, 1999)
              rho
              enhanceable
              emc
              (Baonza and Garcia-Bellido, 1999)
              rho
              suppressible
              Eps-15
              (Tjota et al., 2011)
              rho
              enhanceable
              Fas2
              (Mao and Freeman, 2009)
              rho
              suppressible
              gra
              (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
              rho
              suppressible
              grk
              (Sapir et al., 1998)
              rho
              suppressible
              Gug
              (Charroux et al., 2006)
              rho
              enhanceable
              Gug
              (Charroux et al., 2006)
              rho
              suppressible
              Hrs
              (Tjota et al., 2011)
              rho
              suppressible
              hth
              (Wang et al., 2017)
              rho
              suppressible
              kst
              (Tjota et al., 2011)
              rho
              suppressible
              lilli
              (Mukherjee et al., 2006)
              rho
              suppressible
              msk
              (Marenda et al., 2006)
              rho
              enhanceable
              msk
              (Marenda et al., 2006, Baker et al., 2002)
              rho
              suppressible
              N
              (Guichard et al., 2002)
              rho
              suppressible
              net
              (Brentrup et al., 2000)
              rho
              enhanceable
              Pc
              (Marenda et al., 2004)
              rho
              suppressible
              Rab5
              (Tjota et al., 2011)
              rho
              suppressible
              Rab11
              (Zhang et al., 2019)
              rho
              suppressible
              Ras85D
              (Freeman, 1994)
              rho
              suppressible
              rasp
              (Miura et al., 2006)
              rho|spi
              suppressible
              rasp
              (Miura et al., 2006)
              rho
              suppressible
              Rbsn-5
              (Tjota et al., 2011)
              rho
              suppressible
              rho-5
              (Zettl et al., 2011)
              rho
              enhanceable
              ru
              (Wasserman et al., 2000)
              rho
              enhanceable
              S
              (Guichard et al., 1999)
              rho
              suppressible
              S
              (Guichard et al., 2002, Guichard et al., 1999, Sapir et al., 1998, Freeman, 1994)
              ru|rho
              enhanceable
              sens
              (Frankfort and Mardon, 2004)
              rho
              suppressible
              shrb
              (Tjota et al., 2011)
              brm|rho
              suppressible
              Snr1
              (Marenda et al., 2004)
              rho
              suppressible
              Snr1
              (Marenda et al., 2004)
              rho
              suppressible
              sog
              (Yu et al., 1996)
              rho
              enhanceable
              sog
              (Yu et al., 1996)
              rho
              suppressible
              Sos
              (Freeman, 1994)
              rho
              suppressible
              spi
              (Wasserman and Freeman, 1998, Freeman, 1994)
              rho|S
              enhanceable
              spi
              (Guichard et al., 1999)
              rho
              enhanceable
              sty
              (Casci et al., 1999)
              rho
              enhanceable
              tay
              (Molnar and de Celis, 2013)
              rho
              enhanceable
              tkv
              (de Celis, 1997)
              rho
              enhanceable
              vn
              (Nagel et al., 2016, Urban et al., 2004)
              rho
              suppressible
              Vps20
              (Tjota et al., 2011)
              rho
              suppressible
              Vps25
              (Tjota et al., 2011)
              rho
              suppressible
              Vps28
              (Tjota et al., 2011)
              Starting gene(s)
              Interaction type
              Interacting gene(s)
              Reference
              abd-A
              enhanceable
              rho
              (Wang et al., 2017)
              aos
              enhanceable
              rho
              (Sawamoto et al., 1994)
              arm
              enhanceable
              rho
              (Greaves et al., 1999)
              ato
              suppressible
              rho
              (Brodu et al., 2004, Brodu et al., 2002)
              bs
              suppressible
              rho
              (Fristrom et al., 1994)
              caz
              suppressible
              rho
              (Shimamura et al., 2014)
              Chmp1
              suppressible
              rho|vn
              (Valentine et al., 2014)
              csw
              suppressible
              rho
              (Oishi et al., 2006)
              Egfr
              enhanceable
              rho
              (Diaz-Benjumea and Garcia-Bellido, 1990)
              Egfr
              suppressible
              rho
              (Diaz-Benjumea and Garcia-Bellido, 1990)
              ft
              enhanceable
              rho
              (Garoia et al., 2005)
              H
              suppressible
              rho
              (Müller et al., 2005, Johannes and Preiss, 2002)
              hth
              suppressible
              rho
              (Wang et al., 2017)
              kni
              suppressible
              rho
              (Lunde et al., 2003)
              N
              suppressible
              rho
              (Brodu et al., 2004)
              nej
              enhanceable
              rho
              (Anderson et al., 2005)
              net
              suppressible
              rho
              (Brentrup et al., 2000)
              px
              suppressible
              rho
              (Wessendorf et al., 1992)
              Rab11
              suppressible
              rho
              (Yogev et al., 2010)
              Rbf
              suppressible
              rho
              (Sheng et al., 2016)
              ru
              enhanceable
              rho
              (Birkholz et al., 2009, Wasserman et al., 2000)
              ru
              suppressible
              rho
              (Gallio et al., 2004)
              S
              enhanceable
              rho
              (Guichard et al., 1999)
              Ser
              suppressible
              rho
              (Walters et al., 2005)
              SH3PX1
              suppressible
              rho
              (Zhang et al., 2019)
              shg
              suppressible
              rho
              (Dumstrei et al., 2002)
              sl
              suppressible
              rho
              (Murillo-Maldonado et al., 2011)
              sl
              enhanceable
              rho
              (Murillo-Maldonado et al., 2011)
              Snr1
              suppressible
              rho
              (Marenda et al., 2004)
              sog
              enhanceable
              rho
              (Araujo et al., 2003)
              spi
              suppressible
              rho
              (Lanoue and Jacobs, 1999)
              Src42A
              suppressible
              rho
              (Zhang et al., 1999)
              stet
              suppressible
              rho
              (Schulz et al., 2002)
              tay
              enhanceable
              rho
              (Molnar and de Celis, 2013)
              tkv
              suppressible
              rho
              (de Celis, 1997)
              tum
              suppressible
              rho|vn
              (Sotillos and Campuzano, 2000)
              Ubqn
              suppressible
              rho
              (Li et al., 2007)
              vap
              enhanceable
              rho
              (Botella et al., 2003)
              vn
              suppressible
              rho
              (Austin et al., 2014, Zecca and Struhl, 2002)
              External Data
              Linkouts
              BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
              MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              Pathways
              Gene Group - Pathway Membership (FlyBase)
              Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Ligand Production -
              Factors required for the proteolytic cleavage and/or secretion of transforming growth factor-α-like Egfr ligands spi, Krn or grk.
              External Data
              Linkouts
              KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
              SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
              Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
              Chromosome (arm)
              3L
              Recombination map
              3-0.5
              Cytogenetic map
              62A2-62A2
              Sequence location
              3L:1,463,811..1,468,944 [+]
              FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
              Cytogenetic map
              Evidence for location
              62A2-62A2
              Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}rhoEP3704&P{PZ}l(3)0622606226 and P{PZ}dlt04276
              Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
              Cytogenetic map
              Notes
              References
              62A-62A
              (determined by in situ hybridisation)
              (Bier et al., 1990)
              Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
              Location
              3-0.5
              (FlyBase, 2016)
              3-2.0
              (Comeron et al., 2012)
              3-3
              (Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)
              3-0.2
              Left of (cM)
              Right of (cM)
              (Roberts and Evans-Roberts, 1979, Robertson and Riviera, 1972)
              Notes
              Stocks and Reagents
              Stocks (61)
              Genomic Clones (21)
              cDNA Clones (36)
               

              Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

              cDNA clones, fully sequences
              BDGP DGC clones
              Other clones
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

              For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

              cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
              BDGP DGC clones
              Other clones
              RNAi and Array Information
              Linkouts
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
              Antibody Information
              Laboratory Generated Antibodies
               
              polyclonal
              (Ogura et al., 2018)
              monoclonal
              (Freeman et al., 1992)
              Commercially Available Antibodies
               
              Other Information
              Relationship to Other Genes
              Source for database identify of
              Source for identity of: rho CG1004
              (Lei, 1999.11)
              Source for database merge of
              Additional comments
              Other Comments
              rho is not required for patterning of the dorsal anterior follicular epithelium.
              (Lachance et al., 2009)
              rho protein cleaves S within its transmembrane domain.
              (Tsruya et al., 2007)
              msk is involved in the nuclear transportation of rho.
              (Marenda et al., 2006)
              rho, sim and vn are required for the formation of the brain lateral to the foregut cells.
              (Page, 2003)
              dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene is tested in an RNAi screen for effects on actin-based lamella formation.
              (Rogers et al., 2003)
              rho protein is localised in the Golgi, where it promotes the cleavage of spi protein.
              (Lee et al., 2001)
              rho protein appears to be an intramembrane serine protease that directly cleaves spi protein. The putative rho active site is within the membrane bilayer and the spi cleavage site is within its transmembrane domain.
              (Urban et al., 2001)
              net exhibits a two tiered control in wing vein versus intervein fate by repressing rho transcription and interfering with Egfr signalling downstream of rho.
              (Brentrup et al., 2000)
              rho and S function in a synergistic and co-dependent manner, that is independent of spi, to promote vein development through the Egfr/MAPK signalling pathway.
              (Guichard et al., 1999)
              Five EMS induced alleles were identified in a screen for mutations affecting commissure formation in the CNS of the embryo.
              (Hummel et al., 1999)
              rho is required continuously fromm embryonic stage 9-17 to suppress apoptosis in the midline glial (MG) cells. rho may enhance autocrine and paracrine signalling among MG cells.
              (Lanoue and Jacobs, 1999)
              Candidate gene for quantitative trait (QTL) locus determining bristle number.
              (Nuzhdin et al., 1999)
              The rho NEE enhancer element does not discriminate between TATA-containing and TATA-less promoters.
              (Ohtsuki et al., 1998)
              The differentiation of vein and intervein depends on the outcome of a balance between bs and rho activities, achieved during pupal stages.
              (Roch et al., 1998)
              Immediately after the movement of the oocyte nucleus to the future dorsal pole a broad activation of the Egfr pathway takes place. As a result, all follicle cells, except the ventral-most rows, express Egfr-target genes. After completion of cell migration, transcription of rho in the dorsal-anterior follicle cells is achieved by activation of the Egfr pathway, in conjunction with signals that may emanate from the anterior, stretch follicle cells. Ectopic activation of rho in the stretch follicle cells can lead to activation of the Egfr pathway in the follicle cells covering the oocyte. Results suggest that rho is responsible for triggering the production or processing of a Egfr ligand that is expressed in the follicle cells.
              (Sapir et al., 1998)
              rho mediates autocrine spi signalling in the follicle cells.
              (Wasserman and Freeman, 1998)
              Genetic combinations with mutants of nub cause additive phenotypes.
              (Cifuentes and Garcia-Bellido, 1997)
              vvl is required for the specific expression in the tracheal cells of tkv and rho.
              (Llimargas and Casanova, 1997)
              In vivo culture of mutant discs from genotypes that are normally embryonic lethal demonstrates rho has no role in wing disc growth.
              (Simcox, 1997)
              Clonal analysis suggests salm determines the position of the L2 vein primordium by activating rho expression in neighbouring cells through a locally non-autonomous mechanism. rho then functions to initiate and maintain vein differentiation.
              (Sturtevant et al., 1997)
              Analysis of rho mutants and targetted rho expression demonstrates the EGF signaling pathway regulates the number of both the dorsal median cells, as well as a set of mesodermal cells that arise next to the midline and express sim.
              (Zhou et al., 1997)
              Study of expression and function of different components of the N pathway in both the wing disc and pupal wings proposes that the establishment of vein thickness utilises a combination of mechanisms. A mechanisms includes repression of rho transcription by HLHmβ and maintenance of Dl expression by rho/Egfr activity.
              (de Celis et al., 1997)
              The function of spi, rho and S appears to be non-autonomous; expression of the precursor only in the midline is sufficient for patterning the ventral ectoderm. Facilitating the expression of spi, rho and S is the only sim-dependent contribution of the midline to patterning the ventral ectoderm, since the mutant sim ectodermal defects can be overcome by expression of secreted spi in the ectoderm. These results suggest a mechanism for generating a graded distribution of secreted spi, which may subsequently give rise to graded activation of Egfr in the ectoderm.
              (Golembo et al., 1996)
              Loss of function mutations in bs are epistatic to loss of function mutations in rho or vn.
              (Montagne et al., 1996)
              The phenotype of a argos null mutant is not observed in a rho mutant background, indicating that rho acts epistatically to argos to regulate the correct number of Ch organs in the embryonic PNS.
              (Okabe et al., 1996)
              The rho protein is concentrated in patches at the apical cell surface. It is possible that rho plaques represent specialized structures defining sites of cell-cell contact at which Egfr signalling is particularly effective.
              (Sturtevant et al., 1996)
              rho is not required for early expression of sim or vnd in mesectodermal or ventral ectodermal cells, targeted rho expression in embryos results in lateral-to-ventral cell fate shifts in the developing neuroectoderm and midline targeted rho expression can rescue the medial denticle fusion in rho mutant cuticles.
              (Xiao et al., 1996)
              Mutations of rho enhance penetrance of ectopic crossveins in chicgdh-5/EgfrE1 heterozygotes.
              (Doberstein et al., 1995)
              Molecular analysis suggests that sna protein acts over distances of 50-150bp to block the activity, but not the binding, of the dl activator to the rho 650bp enhancer.
              (Gray et al., 1995)
              The spi product triggers the Egfr signaling cascade. Graded activation of the Egfr pathway may normally give rise to a repertoire of discrete cell fates in the ventral ectoderm and graded distribution of spi may be responsible for the graded activation. The rho and S products may act as modulators of Egfr signaling. Epistatic relationships suggest that rho and S may normally facilitate processing of the spi precursor.
              (Schweitzer et al., 1995)
              Ectopic expression of both rho and Dl in a mutant net background produces ectopic veins of normal thickness. Ectopic expression of rho alone produces whole intervein sectors converted into vein. The pattern of normal+ectopic wing veins resembles wing vein patterns of other flies with more veins than Drosophila.
              (Sturtevant et al., 1995)
              Double mutant genetic clones with vn have extreme nonautonomous effects in the proliferation of wild type cells in the wing.
              (Garcia-Bellido et al., 1994)
              Dorsal-ventral patterning is regulated by a signalling pathway that includes Tl and transcription factors, dl, that interact with related enhancers, rho. The κ enhancer from mouse is capable of generating lateral stripes of Ecol\lacZ gene expression in transgenic embryos in a pattern similar to that directed by rho enhancer. Results suggest that enhancers can couple conserved signalling pathways to divergent gene functions, dorso-ventral patterning and mammalian haematopoiesis.
              (Gonzalez-Crespo and Levine, 1994)
              A single sna-binding site in the rho promoter region can mediate repression of rho.
              (Gray et al., 1994)
              Enhancer piracy lines reveal an unanticipated role for rho in imaginal disc formation and provide evidence that mis-expression of rho is sufficient for converting entire intervein sectors into veins.
              (Noll et al., 1994)
              Mutation in rho affects sensory organ precursor formation.
              (Salzberg et al., 1994)
              rho is required for PNS development in the embryo.
              (Salzberg et al., 1994)
              The differentiation of individual mesectoderm cells (MECs) lineages is traced. rho is necessary for determining the correct number of cells in many neuronal MEC lineages. The correct number of midline glia are determined but later become apoptotic in embryos mutant for rho.
              (Sonnenfeld and Jacob, 1994)
              rho is involved in the downregulation of Egfr mRNA.
              (Sturtevant et al., 1994)
              Analysis of mutant embryos determines that growth cones can distinguish between individual muscle fibres during synaptogenesis. Growth cones retain their target preference even when the numbers and patterns of muscle fibres are altered.
              (Chiba et al., 1993)
              The E boxes within the neural ectoderm expression enhancer region (NEE) play a role in neuroectoderm gene expression.
              (Gonzalez-Crespo and Levine, 1993)
              Promoter fusions using elements of the twi, ve, da and sna promoters indicate that low affinity dl-binding sites restrict target gene expression to the presumptive mesoderm, where there are peak levels of dl expression, while high affinity sites in other target genes permit expression in ventrolateral regions where dl levels are intermediate. Activation by low levels of dl in lateral regions depends on cooperative interaction between dl and other basic helix loop helix proteins. Promoters containing the Et (veinlet) or Eds (dl and snail) E boxes display opposite behaviour in da and twi mutants, suggesting they are regulated by different basic helix loop helix proteins.
              (Jiang and Levine, 1993)
              The gene product is localized on the apical surface of the dorsal-anterior follicle cells surrounding the oocyte. Loss of function mutations cause ventralization of the egg shell and embryo, whereas ectopic expression leads to their dorsalization. Double mutant analysis indicates that rho acts upstream of Toll in dorsal-ventral axis formation, and the action of rho requires the grk-Egfr signaling pathway. rho expression pattern in embryogenesis is altered in fs(1)K10 mutants.
              (Ruohola-Baker et al., 1993)
              A H{Lw2} insertion at cytological location 62A (line 79) is viable and causes a recessive rough eye phenotype. The H{Lw2} element may have inserted into a gene adjacent to rho causing the rough eye phenotype and is responding to rho enhancer elements or the insertion may be into the rho gene causing an undescribed eye phenotype.
              (Smith et al., 1993)
              rho is likely to be the earliest known gene to be expressed in the longitudinal wing vein primordia and the rho continues to be expressed in developing wing veins during the partitioning of the wing into vein versus intervein areas.
              (Sturtevant et al., 1993)
              Role of rho in eye development studied: whereas mutant clones in the eye have only a subtle phenotype, ectopic expression of rho causes non-neural mystery cells to be transformed into photoreceptors.
              (Freeman et al., 1992)
              Expression of rho is blocked in ventral regions by sna. A neural ectoderm expression region (NEE) of 300bp has been defined in the rho promoter, and contains a cluster of dl and basic HLH activator sites closely linked to a sna repressor sites. Mutations in these sites cause predicted changes in the level of expression. Similarity of this system to eve stripe 2 suggests dl and bcd use similar mechanisms to generate their respective stripes.
              (Ip et al., 1992)
              rho gene product is required for the proper development of the ventralmost cuticle and the CNS midline.
              (Panzer et al., 1992)
              Basic protein structure, comparison of phenotypes and spatial and temporal expression patterns suggest that spi encodes a ligand that functionally interacts with the products of rho and possibly Egfr.
              (Rutledge et al., 1992)
              sim gene product is required for the normal expression of rho.
              (Nambu et al., 1991, Nambu et al., 1990)
              Zygotically active locus involved in the terminal developmental program in the embryo.
              (Strecker et al., 1991)
              Mutations lead to ventrolateral pattern defects and peripheral nervous system abnormalities.
              (Bier et al., 1990)
              rho is involved in the elaboration of positional information at a ventrolateral level in the embryo. rho acts very early in differentiation pathways to specify the identities of domains and isolated precursor cells. rho, pnt, S and spi all function in the formation of the same chordotonal organs.
              (Bier et al., 1990)
              Mutations in rho cause pleiotropic phenotypes in embryonic patterns and affect several longitudinal veins.
              (Diaz-Benjumea and Garcia-Bellido, 1990)
              ve, vn, ci, cg, svs, ast, H, Vno and vvl belong to the vein phenotypic group (Puro, 1982, Droso. Info. Serv. 58:205--208 ) within the 'lack-of-vein' mutant class. Loss-of-function alleles at these loci remove stretches of veins in two or more longitudinal veins. Double mutations within members of this group remove all veins, have smaller, slightly lanceolate wings, no sensilla and extra chaetae. Some alleles are embryonic lethal.
              (Diaz-Benjumea et al., 1989)
              rho mutants display a pointed head skeleton and deletion of the medial portion in all denticle belts.
              (Jurgens et al., 1984)
              Viable alleles exhibit wing venation defects; strong alleles are embryonic lethal. In flies homozygous for viable alleles the L3, L4 and L5 veins do not reach the wing margins (Duncan, 1935; Waddington, 1939). Developmentally, veins appear complete in prepupa but distal tips are obliterated during the contraction period (Waddington, 1939; Waddington, 1940). The shortened-vein phenotype is suppressed by px1 (Waddington), net1, and su(ve)1 and is enhanced by vn1, H1, NAx-1, ci1, tg2 and kniri-1 (Waddington; Diaz-Benjumea and Garcia-Bellido, 1990). Vein-specific modifiers, such as gp1, (Bridges and Morgan, 1919) or PL(2)L4 (Thompson, 1976), interact with the effect of rhove-1 on L4. The L5 vein seldom extends beyond the posterior crossvein. rhove-2 is a stronger allele, in which the L2 is also affected (Bertschmann); L2 vein occasionally complete (Thompson, 1976), but other veins do not overlap wild type. Distribution of sense organs (campaniform sensilla and bristles) on L3 is shifted proximally in rhove-1 (Spivey and Thompson, 1984) When a rhove-1 stock is selected for shortened veins, the F1 produced by mating wild-type males to mutant females show terminal gaps in L5 (Thompson and Thoday, 1976). rhove-1/rhove-1/+ intersexes are veinlet, whereas rhove-1/rhove-1/+ triploids are normal, according to Pipkin. Interestingly flies heterozygous for rhove-1 and strong embryonic lethal alleles display less severe veinlet phenotypes than rhove-1 homozygotes (Bier, Jan and Jan, 1990; Diaz-Benjumea and Garcia-Bellido, 1990); furthermore, rhove-1/rho5 flies appear wild type (Bier, unpublished). Homozygous rho5 embryos exhibit three major types of defects: (1) Dorsoventral defects: Embryos exhibit a deletion of epithelial cells derived from a ventrolateral strip of the blastoderm fate map (i.e., loss of mediolateral cuticular denticles and sensory structures). Other phenotypes resulting from blastoderm patterning defects include failure to complete dorsal closure and development of an abnormal pointed head skeleton (Jurgens et al., 1984; Mayer and Nusslein-Volhard, 1988). (2) Midline defects: Mesectodermal cells giving rise to glia and unpaired neurons are abnormal or fail to form. Late developmental consequences include a narrower CNS and pathfinding abnormalities (Mayer and Nusslein-Volhard, 1988). (3) Peripheral-nervous-system defects: Two stretch receptor organs (lateral abdominal chordotonal organs) fail to form in lethal rhove-1 mutants. The primary chordotonal-organ-precursor cells are likely to be affected since the four progeny sensory-organ cells derived from that precursor cell are missing as a group (Bier, Jan and Jan, 1990). Other late embryonic defects include loss of longitudinal body-wall muscles, ventrally displaced muscle-attachment sites (Bier, Jan and Jan, 1990) and loss of the first row of denticles in abdominal segments (Mayer and Nusslein-Volhard, 1988).
              Origin and Etymology
              Discoverer
              Etymology
              Identification
              External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 43 )
              Sequence Crossreferences
              NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
              GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
              GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
              RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
              UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              Other crossreferences
              BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
              Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
              Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
              Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
              GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
              InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
              KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
              KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
              modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
              SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
              Linkouts
              BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
              DPiM - Drosophila Protein interaction map
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
              FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
              FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
              Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
              InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
              KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
              MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              Synonyms and Secondary IDs (31)
              Reported As
              Symbol Synonym
              CG1004
              (Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Muse et al., 2007, Klebes et al., 2005, Dubnau et al., 2003)
              DMRHO
              (Colson and Goldstein, 1999)
              DMRHOa
              (Schug et al., 1997)
              DMRHOb
              (Rand et al., 2000, Schug et al., 1997)
              DRORHO
              (Schug et al., 1998)
              DmRho1
              (Baker and Urban, 2015)
              Dmel\rho
              (Schaeffer et al., 2008)
              Dmrho
              (Crocker et al., 2008)
              RHO
              (Pyrowolakis et al., 2017, Brodu and Casanova, 2006, Colson, 1998.5.26, Colson, 1998.5.26)
              RHOb
              (Colson and Goldstein, 1999)
              Rho
              (Sato et al., 2019, Ly et al., 2018, Newcomb et al., 2018, Richardson and Portela, 2018, Dubowy and Sehgal, 2017, Qin et al., 2017, Sheng et al., 2016, Irvine and Harvey, 2015, Vlisidou and Wood, 2015, Makki et al., 2014, Sato et al., 2013, Steinhauer et al., 2013, Zhang et al., 2013, Peng et al., 2012, Swarup and Verheyen, 2012, Merabet et al., 2011, Zhang et al., 2011, Kelkar and Dobberstein, 2009, Li-Kroeger et al., 2008, Yakoby et al., 2007, Yogev et al., 2007, Brodu and Casanova, 2006, McGovern et al., 2003, Zecca and Struhl, 2002, Ghiglione et al., 1999, Schweitzer et al., 1995)
              Rho-1
              (Wang et al., 2017, Rousso et al., 2010, Yogev et al., 2008, Brossier et al., 2005, Adrain et al., 2004, Urban et al., 2002)
              Rho1
              (Córdoba and Estella, 2018, LeBlanc and Lehmann, 2017, Lusk et al., 2017, Fischer et al., 2015, Grotewiel and Bettinger, 2015, Martín-Bermudo et al., 2015, Munjal et al., 2015, Xiao et al., 2014, Shwartz et al., 2013, Sotillos et al., 2013, Crest et al., 2012, Sinenko et al., 2011, Warner et al., 2010, Strisovsky et al., 2009, Kunwar et al., 2008, Webb et al., 2007, Williams and Hultmark, 2007, Yogev et al., 2007, Chen et al., 2006, Williams et al., 2005, Gallio et al., 2004, Rogers et al., 2003)
              Ve
              (Spurway, 1942)
              iks
              (Berger et al., 2008)
              rho
              (Jia et al., 2019, Meltzer et al., 2019, Zandvakili et al., 2019, Zhang et al., 2019, Duan et al., 2018, Garrido-Jimenez et al., 2018, Kavaler et al., 2018, Kittelmann et al., 2018, Ogura et al., 2018, Qin et al., 2018, Schwarz et al., 2018, Chambers et al., 2017, Osterfield et al., 2017, Ozasa et al., 2017, Revaitis et al., 2017, Rogers et al., 2017, Tomita et al., 2017, Wang et al., 2017, Crocker et al., 2016, Fukaya et al., 2016, Jussen et al., 2016, Malartre, 2016, Sarov et al., 2016, Testa and Dworkin, 2016, Dahlberg et al., 2015, He et al., 2015, Lim et al., 2015, Matsuda et al., 2015, Matsuda et al., 2015, Yurgel et al., 2015, Austin et al., 2014, Fauré et al., 2014, Fu et al., 2014, Mannervik, 2014, Rembold et al., 2014, Shimamura et al., 2014, Taylor et al., 2014, Valentine et al., 2014, Cheung et al., 2013, Curtis et al., 2013, Dresch et al., 2013, Garcia et al., 2013, Hong et al., 2013, Külshammer and Uhlirova, 2013, McKay and Lieb, 2013, Molnar and de Celis, 2013, Osterfield et al., 2013, Peters et al., 2013, Robinson and Atkinson, 2013, Rougeot et al., 2013, Saunders et al., 2013, Sopko and Perrimon, 2013, Steinhauer et al., 2013, Webber et al., 2013, Butchar et al., 2012, Haskel-Ittah et al., 2012, Hudry et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Li-Kroeger et al., 2012, Maeng et al., 2012, Nagel et al., 2012, Niepielko et al., 2012, Rushlow and Shvartsman, 2012, Simakov et al., 2012, Stinchfield et al., 2012, Ajuria et al., 2011, Cernilogar et al., 2011, Cherbas et al., 2011, Dworkin et al., 2011, Fay et al., 2011, Hogan et al., 2011, Hwang and Rulifson, 2011, Jiang et al., 2011, Kawamori et al., 2011, Lynch and Roth, 2011, Moses et al., 2011, Mouchel-Vielh et al., 2011, Mrinal et al., 2011, Murillo-Maldonado et al., 2011, Ozdemir et al., 2011, Pilgram et al., 2011, Tjota et al., 2011, Wojcinski et al., 2011, Bothma et al., 2010, Castoreno et al., 2010, Crocker et al., 2010, Fakhouri et al., 2010, Figeac et al., 2010, Gutzwiller et al., 2010, Jones et al., 2010, Klein et al., 2010, Morozova et al., 2010, Rendina et al., 2010, Rousso et al., 2010, Tipping et al., 2010, Uhl et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2010, Witt et al., 2010, Yasugi et al., 2010, Yogev et al., 2010, Yu et al., 2010, Birkholz et al., 2009, Birkholz et al., 2009, Boettiger and Levine, 2009, Debat et al., 2009, Huh et al., 2009, Jiang and Edgar, 2009, Krejcí et al., 2009, Lachance et al., 2009, Mao and Freeman, 2009, Marco et al., 2009, Maybeck and Röper, 2009, Papatsenko et al., 2009, Yan et al., 2009, Zartman et al., 2009, Beaver et al., 2008, Duong et al., 2008, Gebelein et al., 2008, Gilchrist et al., 2008, Haecker et al., 2008, Iyadurai et al., 2008, Kagesawa et al., 2008, Li et al., 2008, Li-Kroeger et al., 2008, McNeill et al., 2008, Qi et al., 2008, Ratnaparkhi et al., 2008, Yakoby et al., 2008, Yakoby et al., 2008, Zartman et al., 2008, Astigarraga et al., 2007, Beltran et al., 2007, Bonds et al., 2007, Buszczak et al., 2007, Escudero et al., 2007, Foltenyi et al., 2007, Georlette et al., 2007, Halfon and Arnosti, 2007, Kim et al., 2007, Li et al., 2007, Lilja et al., 2007, Maeda et al., 2007, Muse et al., 2007, Muse et al., 2007, Nishimura et al., 2007, Ruel et al., 2007, Sandmann et al., 2007, Zeitlinger et al., 2007, Zeitlinger et al., 2007, Zeitlinger et al., 2007, Atkey et al., 2006, Biemar et al., 2006, Brodu and Casanova, 2006, Brown et al., 2006, Cela and Llimargas, 2006, Chanut-Delalande et al., 2006, Charroux et al., 2006, Dworkin and Gibson., 2006, Guichard et al., 2006, Hashimoto and Yamaguchi, 2006, Kim et al., 2006, Laplante and Nilson, 2006, Lawrence, 2006, Liu et al., 2006, Miura et al., 2006, Molnar et al., 2006, Mukherjee et al., 2006, Oishi et al., 2006, Pallavi et al., 2006, Parker, 2006, Zinzen et al., 2006, Zinzen et al., 2006, Galindo et al., 2005, Jordan et al., 2005, Reeves and Posakony, 2005, Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2005, Sotillos and De Celis, 2005, Stathopoulos and Levine, 2005, Angulo et al., 2004, Kim et al., 2004, Markstein et al., 2004, Chang et al., 2003, Cowden and Levine, 2003, Lee et al., 2002, Chang et al., 2001, DeLotto, 2001, Hewitt et al., 1999, Lee et al., 1999)
              rho-1
              (Weng et al., 2012, Rousso et al., 2010, Yogev et al., 2010, Yogev et al., 2008, Birkholz et al., 2004, Yang and Baker, 2003, Gallio et al., 2002, Ghiglione et al., 2002, Lee et al., 2001, Wasserman et al., 2000)
              rho1
              (Sun et al., 2015, Corl et al., 2009, Pizette et al., 2009, Tsruya et al., 2007, Frankfort et al., 2004, Urban et al., 2004, Frankfort and Mardon, 2002, Gallio et al., 2002)
              rhom
              (Alexandre et al., 1999)
              rhomboid/veinlet
              (Li and White, 2003)
              ve
              (Nagel et al., 2016, Crozatier et al., 2004, Johannes and Preiss, 2002, Campuzano, 2001, Baonza et al., 2000, Garoia et al., 2000, Hatini et al., 2000, O'Grady and DeSalle, 2000, Palsson and Gibson, 2000, Sotillos and Campuzano, 2000, Vasil'eva and Ratner, 2000, Baonza and Garcia-Bellido, 1999, Greaves et al., 1999, True et al., 1999, Roch et al., 1998, Cifuentes and Garcia-Bellido, 1997, de Celis, 1997, de Celis et al., 1997, Gomez-Skarmeta and Modolell, 1996, Montagne et al., 1996, Xiao et al., 1996, de Celis et al., 1995, Garcia-Bellido et al., 1994, Wessendorf et al., 1992, Nambu et al., 1991, Diaz-Benjumea and Garcia-Bellido, 1990, Diaz-Benjumea and Garcia-Bellido, 1990, Nambu et al., 1990, Diaz-Benjumea et al., 1989, Roberts and Evans-Roberts, 1979, Robertson and Riviera, 1972)
              Name Synonyms
              RHOMBOID
              (Pichaud, 2014)
              Rhomboid
              (Dubowy and Sehgal, 2017, Pyrowolakis et al., 2017, Bejsovec, 2013, Xu and Gridley, 2012, Eliazer and Buszczak, 2011, Urban and Dickey, 2011, Buchon et al., 2009, Zartman et al., 2009, Iyadurai et al., 2008, Li-Kroeger et al., 2008, Anonymous, 2007, Hashimoto and Yamaguchi, 2007, Brodu and Casanova, 2006, Li-Kroeger and Gebelein, 2006, Yamashita et al., 2005, Kudoh, 1999)
              Rhomboid 1
              (Urban and Freeman, 2003)
              Rhomboid-1
              (Lee et al., 2016, Urban and Dickey, 2011, Zettl et al., 2011, Strisovsky et al., 2009, Yogev et al., 2008, Tsruya et al., 2007, Freeman, 2003, Lee et al., 2001, Urban, 2001.10.16, Urban et al., 2001)
              Rhomboid-I
              (Potdar and Sheeba, 2013)
              Veinlet
              (Norton, 2000)
              rhomboid
              (Osterfield et al., 2017, Tomita et al., 2017, Wang et al., 2017, Crocker et al., 2016, Fukaya et al., 2016, Jussen et al., 2016, Malartre, 2016, Wieschaus and Nüsslein-Volhard, 2016, Dahlberg et al., 2015, Kohlmaier et al., 2015, Legent et al., 2015, Matsuda et al., 2015, Matsuda et al., 2015, Austin et al., 2014, Rembold et al., 2014, Zhang et al., 2014, Hahn et al., 2013, Hong et al., 2013, McKay and Lieb, 2013, Molnar and de Celis, 2013, Rougeot et al., 2013, Bryantsev et al., 2012, Haskel-Ittah et al., 2012, Hudry et al., 2012, Maeng et al., 2012, Nagel et al., 2012, Pearson et al., 2012, Stinchfield et al., 2012, Ajuria et al., 2011, Jiang et al., 2011, Moses et al., 2011, Murillo-Maldonado et al., 2011, Urban and Dickey, 2011, Biehs et al., 2010, Buchon et al., 2010, Fakhouri et al., 2010, Figeac et al., 2010, Jones et al., 2010, Li et al., 2010, Lin et al., 2010, Morozova et al., 2010, Witt et al., 2010, Birkholz et al., 2009, Birkholz et al., 2009, Chung et al., 2009, Corl et al., 2009, Hurlbut et al., 2009, Jiang and Edgar, 2009, Krejcí et al., 2009, Terriente-Félix and de Celis, 2009, Yan et al., 2009, Berger et al., 2008, Crocker et al., 2008, Haecker et al., 2008, Li et al., 2008, Li-Kroeger et al., 2008, Qi et al., 2008, Ratnaparkhi et al., 2008, Astigarraga et al., 2007, Baker et al., 2007, Bonds et al., 2007, Chen et al., 2007, Escudero et al., 2007, Foltenyi et al., 2007, Grueber et al., 2007, Li et al., 2007, Lilja et al., 2007, Lin et al., 2007, Maeda et al., 2007, Nibu et al., 2007, Nishimura et al., 2007, Nishimura et al., 2007, O'Keefe et al., 2007, Tadros et al., 2007, Atkey et al., 2006, Biemar et al., 2006, Dworkin and Gibson, 2006, Guichard et al., 2006, Kim et al., 2006, Oishi et al., 2006, Parker, 2006, Urban, 2006, Ward et al., 2006, Galindo et al., 2005, Jordan et al., 2005, Melen et al., 2005, Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2005, Sotillos and De Celis, 2005, Takaesu et al., 2005, Kim et al., 2004, Markstein et al., 2004, Voas and Rebay, 2004, Cowden and Levine, 2003, Nibu et al., 2003, Pribyl et al., 2003, Chang et al., 2001, DeLotto, 2001, Lee et al., 1999)
              rhomboid-1
              (Ozasa et al., 2017, Yurgel et al., 2015, Xiao et al., 2014, Mao and Freeman, 2009, McNeill et al., 2008, Hashimoto and Yamaguchi, 2007, Hashimoto and Yamaguchi, 2006, Urban, 2006, Brodu et al., 2004, Nakamura and Matsuno, 2002, Wasserman et al., 2000)
              rhomboid/veinlet
              (Gomez-Skarmeta and Modolell, 1996)
              rhomboid1
              (Shilo, 2016, Martín-Bermudo et al., 2015, Maybeck and Röper, 2009, Pizette et al., 2009, Matsuda et al., 2003)
              veinlet
              (Brumby et al., 2004, Crozatier et al., 2004, Sanson, 2001, Palsson and Gibson, 2000, Zimmerman et al., 2000)
              Secondary FlyBase IDs
              • FBgn0003251
              • FBgn0003972
              • FBgn0026834
              Datasets (0)
              Study focus (0)
              Experimental Role
              Project
              Project Type
              Title
              References (934)