Gene Dmel\ph-d

Right of (cM)

Notes

Mapping based on 28 y-z recombinants.

Gene Model & Products

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\ph-d for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Comments on Gene Model

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Associated CDS (aa)

ph-d-RA

FBtr0070433

NM_080055

4614

1537

ph-d-RB

FBtr0112843

NM_001103395

4726

1359

Additional Transcript Data & Comments

Reported size (kB)

6.4 (northern blot)

6.4, 6.1 (unknown)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank protein

ph-d-PA

FBpp0070417

162.0

1537

9.00

NP_524794

AAF45726

ph-d-PB

FBpp0111756

143.2

1359

8.54

NP_001096865

ABW09326

Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments

Reported size (kDa)

1411 (aa); 135 (kD observed); 149 (kD predicted)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites

•

Sterile alpha motif domain (IPR001660)

Zinc finger, FCS-type (IPR012313)

Sterile alpha motif/pointed domain (IPR013761)

Sterile alpha motif, type 1 (IPR021129)

PDB - Protein Data Bank. An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

•

1KW4

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

DDBJ /
EMBL /
GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

Name

Mapped Features

Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details.

Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports.

Type

Symbol & Location

Additional Notes

References

External Data

Crossreferences

Expression Data

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

organism | ubiquitous

blastoderm stage

organism | 50-80% egg length

embryonic stage 8 -- 11

germ band

parasegment | restricted

embryonic stage 12 -- 17

presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system

third instar larval stage

ventral thoracic disc

haltere disc

wing disc

eye-antennal disc

adult stage & oogenesis

germarium

adult stage oogenesis stage S1 -- S10

nurse cell

follicle cell

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

embryonic stage -- adult stage

Additional Descriptive Data

ph transcripts are observed in the germarium and in stage 1-10 egg chambers. In later stages, staining is confined to nurse cells and follicle cells and is not seen in the ooctye. A light diffuse staining is observed in unfertilized eggs and early embryos. During the blastoderm stage, staining is observed in three stripes in the anterior of the embryo that extend from about 80% to 50% egg length. During gastrulation, expression is ubiquitous but is more intense in the ectoderm. During germ band extension, expression is more intense in parts of each parasegment and in germ band retraction, staining is more intense in CNS precursors. ph transcripts are observed in eye-antennal, leg, wing, and haltere discs in third instar larvae. While staining is observed all over the discs, some regions stain more intensely. For example, in eye-antennal discs, regions that will give rise to the posterior part of the eye and the orbital region as well as the proximal part of the antenna on the lateral side stain more intensely. The haltere disc consistantly shows a gradient of expression. The probes used do not distinguish between ph-p and ph-d transcripts.

The putative ph-d transcripts are 6.1kb and 6.4kb and are detected in embryonic RNA.

ph-d transcripts are present in 0-1.5hr embryos where they are significantly more abundant than ph-p transcripts. Levels drop off sharply and rise again in 3-6hr embryos. Levels drop off again after the 9-12hr embryo stage and remain low for all subsequent stages tested. Probes specific for ph-d and ph-p were used for the analysis.

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage | late

presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system

sensillum campaniformium

(de Camillis and Brock, 1994, Franke et al., 1992)

embryonic stage

presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system

organism | ubiquitous

cell body

embryonic stage 7 -- 9

mitotic domain

Comment:not distinguished from ph-p

embryonic stage 16

embryonic/larval central nervous system

Comment:not distinguished from ph-p

third instar larval stage

haltere disc

wing disc

ventral thoracic disc

eye-antennal disc

embryonic/larval salivary gland

• polytene chromosome

Comment:not distinguished from ph-p

Additional Descriptive Data

The distribution of polyhomeotic protein and Pc protein is nearly indistinguishable in embryos. It is not clear if ph-d and ph-p were assayed or just ph-p.

No differences in staining pattern were observed when assaying for ph-p and ph-d proteins in embryos.

ph protein starts to be detected in embryos in the nuclei at the periphery starting at cell cyle 10 and is clearly observed by cell cycle 11. In the cellular blastoderm stage, it is ubiquitously distributed but is more concentrated at the periphery and in central nuclei. Protein continues to be ubiquitously distributed in the embryo with higher concentrations in certain tissues. From gastrulation on, nuclei of cells that are undergoing mitosis appear to be more heavily stained. Within these putative mitotic domains, individual chromosomes appear to be stained. In stages 10 and 11, expression is periodic in the developing CNS. It is not clear if ph protein is in neuroblasts at stage 11 but it is present in neuroblast derivatives in stage 12 in the neuromeres of all segments. Expression in the nervous system continues throughout embryogenesis. ph protein is found mainly in the cell bodies of CNS neurons and may be present in glial cells. It is observed in the campaniform sensillae of the PNS in late embryos. ph protein is observed in eye-antennal, leg, wing, and haltere discs in third instar larvae. While staining is observed all over the discs, some regions stain more intensely. For example, in eye-antennal discs, regions that will give rise to the posterior part of the eye and the orbital region as well as the proximal part of the antenna on the lateral side stain more intensely. The haltere disc consistantly shows a gradient of expression. The antibody does not distinguish between ph-p protein and ph-d protein.

Marker for

Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)

CV term

(Grimaud et al., 2006, Klymenko et al., 2006, Mulholland et al., 2003)

References

nucleolus

inferred from direct assay

(Chen et al., 2005)

nucleus

inferred from direct assay

PRC1 complex

inferred from direct assay

(Mulholland et al., 2003)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray

FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data

(FlyAtlas-RNA.adult)

(FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Back-to-back
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High level expression bin max
	Very high expression bin max

Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Little or no expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues.
[download data (TSV)]

Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors
	No expression (0 - 9.999)
	Low expression (10 - 99.999)
	Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)
	High level expression (500 - 999.999)
	Very high expression (>999.999)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		61.45
Larval Midgut		18.3
Larval Hindgut		20.3
Larval Malpighian Tubules		12.8
Larval Fat Body		18.4
Larval Salivary Gland		27.7
Larval Trachea		14.9
Larval Carcass		17.825
Adult Head		23.7
Adult Eye		10.275
Adult Brain		36.6
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		29.4
Adult Crop		26.7
Adult Midgut		20.4
Adult Hindgut		21.5
Adult Malpighian Tubules		6.3
Adult Fat Body		32.6
Adult Salivary Gland		11
Adult Heart		7.5
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		24.2
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		16.3
Adult Ovary		34.1
Adult Testis		12.4
Adult Male Accessory Gland		28.3
Adult Carcass		25.7
Expression Level Scale		None Low

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		61.45
Larval Midgut		18.3
Larval Hindgut		20.3
Larval Malpighian Tubules		12.8
Larval Fat Body		18.4
Larval Salivary Gland		27.7
Larval Trachea		14.9
Larval Carcass		17.825
Adult Head		23.7
Adult Eye		10.275
Adult Brain		36.6
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		29.4
Adult Crop		26.7
Adult Midgut		20.4
Adult Hindgut		21.5
Adult Malpighian Tubules		6.3
Adult Fat Body		32.6
Adult Salivary Gland		11
Adult Heart		7.5
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		24.2
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		16.3
Adult Ovary		34.1
Adult Testis		12.4
Adult Male Accessory Gland		28.3
Adult Carcass		25.7
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High

Linear, scaled to High level expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		61.45
Larval Midgut		18.3
Larval Hindgut		20.3
Larval Malpighian Tubules		12.8
Larval Fat Body		18.4
Larval Salivary Gland		27.7
Larval Trachea		14.9
Larval Carcass		17.825
Adult Head		23.7
Adult Eye		10.275
Adult Brain		36.6
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		29.4
Adult Crop		26.7
Adult Midgut		20.4
Adult Hindgut		21.5
Adult Malpighian Tubules		6.3
Adult Fat Body		32.6
Adult Salivary Gland		11
Adult Heart		7.5
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		24.2
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		16.3
Adult Ovary		34.1
Adult Testis		12.4
Adult Male Accessory Gland		28.3
Adult Carcass		25.7
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High Very high

Linear, scaled to Very high expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		61.45
Larval Midgut		18.3
Larval Hindgut		20.3
Larval Malpighian Tubules		12.8
Larval Fat Body		18.4
Larval Salivary Gland		27.7
Larval Trachea		14.9
Larval Carcass		17.825
Adult Head		23.7
Adult Eye		10.275
Adult Brain		36.6
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		29.4
Adult Crop		26.7
Adult Midgut		20.4
Adult Hindgut		21.5
Adult Malpighian Tubules		6.3
Adult Fat Body		32.6
Adult Salivary Gland		11
Adult Heart		7.5
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		24.2
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		16.3
Adult Ovary		34.1
Adult Testis		12.4
Adult Male Accessory Gland		28.3
Adult Carcass		25.7
Expression Level Scale		Very high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		61.45
Larval Midgut		18.3
Larval Hindgut		20.3
Larval Malpighian Tubules		12.8
Larval Fat Body		18.4
Larval Salivary Gland		27.7
Larval Trachea		14.9
Larval Carcass		17.825
Adult Head		23.7
Adult Eye		10.275
Adult Brain		36.6
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		29.4
Adult Crop		26.7
Adult Midgut		20.4
Adult Hindgut		21.5
Adult Malpighian Tubules		6.3
Adult Fat Body		32.6
Adult Salivary Gland		11
Adult Heart		7.5
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		24.2
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		16.3
Adult Ovary		34.1
Adult Testis		12.4
Adult Male Accessory Gland		28.3
Adult Carcass		25.7
Expression Level Scale		None Low

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		61.45
Larval Midgut		18.3
Larval Hindgut		20.3
Larval Malpighian Tubules		12.8
Larval Fat Body		18.4
Larval Salivary Gland		27.7
Larval Trachea		14.9
Larval Carcass		17.825
Adult Head		23.7
Adult Eye		10.275
Adult Brain		36.6
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		29.4
Adult Crop		26.7
Adult Midgut		20.4
Adult Hindgut		21.5
Adult Malpighian Tubules		6.3
Adult Fat Body		32.6
Adult Salivary Gland		11
Adult Heart		7.5
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		24.2
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		16.3
Adult Ovary		34.1
Adult Testis		12.4
Adult Male Accessory Gland		28.3
Adult Carcass		25.7
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High

log, scaled to High level expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		61.45
Larval Midgut		18.3
Larval Hindgut		20.3
Larval Malpighian Tubules		12.8
Larval Fat Body		18.4
Larval Salivary Gland		27.7
Larval Trachea		14.9
Larval Carcass		17.825
Adult Head		23.7
Adult Eye		10.275
Adult Brain		36.6
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		29.4
Adult Crop		26.7
Adult Midgut		20.4
Adult Hindgut		21.5
Adult Malpighian Tubules		6.3
Adult Fat Body		32.6
Adult Salivary Gland		11
Adult Heart		7.5
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		24.2
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		16.3
Adult Ovary		34.1
Adult Testis		12.4
Adult Male Accessory Gland		28.3
Adult Carcass		25.7
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High Very high

log, scaled to Very high expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		61.45
Larval Midgut		18.3
Larval Hindgut		20.3
Larval Malpighian Tubules		12.8
Larval Fat Body		18.4
Larval Salivary Gland		27.7
Larval Trachea		14.9
Larval Carcass		17.825
Adult Head		23.7
Adult Eye		10.275
Adult Brain		36.6
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		29.4
Adult Crop		26.7
Adult Midgut		20.4
Adult Hindgut		21.5
Adult Malpighian Tubules		6.3
Adult Fat Body		32.6
Adult Salivary Gland		11
Adult Heart		7.5
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		24.2
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		16.3
Adult Ovary		34.1
Adult Testis		12.4
Adult Male Accessory Gland		28.3
Adult Carcass		25.7
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High Very high

Heatmap
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
Larval Midgut
Larval Hindgut
Larval Malpighian Tubules
Larval Fat Body
Larval Salivary Gland
Larval Trachea
Larval Carcass
Adult Head
Adult Eye
Adult Brain
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
Adult Crop
Adult Midgut
Adult Hindgut
Adult Malpighian Tubules
Adult Fat Body
Adult Salivary Gland
Adult Heart
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
Adult Ovary
Adult Testis
Adult Male Accessory Gland
Adult Carcass

FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult
Larval Expression Level	Tissue	Adult Expression Level
NA	Head	no informative data
NA	Eye	no informative data
NA	Brain	36.6
61.45	Central Nervous System	NA
NA	Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion	no informative data
NA	Crop	no informative data
no informative data	Midgut	no informative data
no informative data	Hindgut	no informative data
no informative data	Malpighian Tubules	6.3
no informative data	Fat Body	no informative data
no informative data	Salivary Gland	no informative data
NA	Heart	7.5
no informative data	Trachea	NA
NA	VirginFemale Spermatheca	no informative data
NA	InseminatedFemale Spermatheca	no informative data
NA	Ovary	34.1
NA	Testis	no informative data
NA	Male Accessory Gland	no informative data
no informative data	Carcass	no informative data

FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)

modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq

modENCODE Tissue Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High expression bin max
	Extremely high expression bin max

[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
	No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
	Very low expression (1 - 3)
	Low expression (4 - 10)
	Moderate expression (11 - 25)
	Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
	High expression (51 - 100)
	Very high expression (101 - 1000)
	Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		15
central nervous system, larvae L3		31
central nervous system, pupae P8		12
head, virgin 1-day female		4
head, virgin 4-day female		5
head, virgin 20-day female		4
head, mated 1-day female		4
head, mated 4-day female		4
head, mated 20-day female		4
head, mated 1-day male		7
head, mated 4-day male		8
head, mated 20-day male		7
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		1
salivary gland, white prepupae		4
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		2
digestive system, 1-day adult		1
digestive system, 4-day adult		1
digestive system, 20-day adult		2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		2
fat body, white prepupae		5
fat body, pupae P8		4
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		14
carcass, 1-day adult		2
carcass, 4-day adult		2
carcass, 20-day adult		3
ovary, virgin 4-day female		9
ovary, mated 4-day female		12
testis, mated 4-day male		1
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		2
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		15
central nervous system, larvae L3		(31)
central nervous system, pupae P8		12
head, virgin 1-day female		4
head, virgin 4-day female		5
head, virgin 20-day female		4
head, mated 1-day female		4
head, mated 4-day female		4
head, mated 20-day female		4
head, mated 1-day male		7
head, mated 4-day male		8
head, mated 20-day male		7
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		1
salivary gland, white prepupae		4
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		2
digestive system, 1-day adult		1
digestive system, 4-day adult		1
digestive system, 20-day adult		2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		2
fat body, white prepupae		5
fat body, pupae P8		4
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		14
carcass, 1-day adult		2
carcass, 4-day adult		2
carcass, 20-day adult		3
ovary, virgin 4-day female		9
ovary, mated 4-day female		12
testis, mated 4-day male		1
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		2
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to High expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		15
central nervous system, larvae L3		31
central nervous system, pupae P8		12
head, virgin 1-day female		4
head, virgin 4-day female		5
head, virgin 20-day female		4
head, mated 1-day female		4
head, mated 4-day female		4
head, mated 20-day female		4
head, mated 1-day male		7
head, mated 4-day male		8
head, mated 20-day male		7
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		1
salivary gland, white prepupae		4
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		2
digestive system, 1-day adult		1
digestive system, 4-day adult		1
digestive system, 20-day adult		2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		2
fat body, white prepupae		5
fat body, pupae P8		4
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		14
carcass, 1-day adult		2
carcass, 4-day adult		2
carcass, 20-day adult		3
ovary, virgin 4-day female		9
ovary, mated 4-day female		12
testis, mated 4-day male		1
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		2
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		15
central nervous system, larvae L3		31
central nervous system, pupae P8		12
head, virgin 1-day female		4
head, virgin 4-day female		5
head, virgin 20-day female		4
head, mated 1-day female		4
head, mated 4-day female		4
head, mated 20-day female		4
head, mated 1-day male		7
head, mated 4-day male		8
head, mated 20-day male		7
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		1
salivary gland, white prepupae		4
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		2
digestive system, 1-day adult		1
digestive system, 4-day adult		1
digestive system, 20-day adult		2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		2
fat body, white prepupae		5
fat body, pupae P8		4
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		14
carcass, 1-day adult		2
carcass, 4-day adult		2
carcass, 20-day adult		3
ovary, virgin 4-day female		9
ovary, mated 4-day female		12
testis, mated 4-day male		1
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		2
Expression Level Scale		Extremely high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		15
central nervous system, larvae L3		31
central nervous system, pupae P8		12
head, virgin 1-day female		4
head, virgin 4-day female		5
head, virgin 20-day female		4
head, mated 1-day female		4
head, mated 4-day female		4
head, mated 20-day female		4
head, mated 1-day male		7
head, mated 4-day male		8
head, mated 20-day male		7
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		1
salivary gland, white prepupae		4
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		2
digestive system, 1-day adult		1
digestive system, 4-day adult		1
digestive system, 20-day adult		2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		2
fat body, white prepupae		5
fat body, pupae P8		4
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		14
carcass, 1-day adult		2
carcass, 4-day adult		2
carcass, 20-day adult		3
ovary, virgin 4-day female		9
ovary, mated 4-day female		12
testis, mated 4-day male		1
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		2
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		15
central nervous system, larvae L3		31
central nervous system, pupae P8		12
head, virgin 1-day female		4
head, virgin 4-day female		5
head, virgin 20-day female		4
head, mated 1-day female		4
head, mated 4-day female		4
head, mated 20-day female		4
head, mated 1-day male		7
head, mated 4-day male		8
head, mated 20-day male		7
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		1
salivary gland, white prepupae		4
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		2
digestive system, 1-day adult		1
digestive system, 4-day adult		1
digestive system, 20-day adult		2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		2
fat body, white prepupae		5
fat body, pupae P8		4
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		14
carcass, 1-day adult		2
carcass, 4-day adult		2
carcass, 20-day adult		3
ovary, virgin 4-day female		9
ovary, mated 4-day female		12
testis, mated 4-day male		1
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		2
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to High expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		15
central nervous system, larvae L3		31
central nervous system, pupae P8		12
head, virgin 1-day female		4
head, virgin 4-day female		5
head, virgin 20-day female		4
head, mated 1-day female		4
head, mated 4-day female		4
head, mated 20-day female		4
head, mated 1-day male		7
head, mated 4-day male		8
head, mated 20-day male		7
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		1
salivary gland, white prepupae		4
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		2
digestive system, 1-day adult		1
digestive system, 4-day adult		1
digestive system, 20-day adult		2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		2
fat body, white prepupae		5
fat body, pupae P8		4
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		14
carcass, 1-day adult		2
carcass, 4-day adult		2
carcass, 20-day adult		3
ovary, virgin 4-day female		9
ovary, mated 4-day female		12
testis, mated 4-day male		1
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		2
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		15
central nervous system, larvae L3		31
central nervous system, pupae P8		12
head, virgin 1-day female		4
head, virgin 4-day female		5
head, virgin 20-day female		4
head, mated 1-day female		4
head, mated 4-day female		4
head, mated 20-day female		4
head, mated 1-day male		7
head, mated 4-day male		8
head, mated 20-day male		7
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		1
salivary gland, white prepupae		4
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		2
digestive system, 1-day adult		1
digestive system, 4-day adult		1
digestive system, 20-day adult		2
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		2
fat body, white prepupae		5
fat body, pupae P8		4
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		14
carcass, 1-day adult		2
carcass, 4-day adult		2
carcass, 20-day adult		3
ovary, virgin 4-day female		9
ovary, mated 4-day female		12
testis, mated 4-day male		1
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		2
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high Extremely high

Heatmap
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
central nervous system, larvae L3
central nervous system, pupae P8
head, virgin 1-day female
head, virgin 4-day female
head, virgin 20-day female
head, mated 1-day female
head, mated 4-day female
head, mated 20-day female
head, mated 1-day male
head, mated 4-day male
head, mated 20-day male
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
salivary gland, white prepupae
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
digestive system, 1-day adult
digestive system, 4-day adult
digestive system, 20-day adult
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
fat body, white prepupae
fat body, pupae P8
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
carcass, 1-day adult
carcass, 4-day adult
carcass, 20-day adult
ovary, virgin 4-day female
ovary, mated 4-day female
testis, mated 4-day male
accessory gland, mated 4-day male

modENCODE Development RNA-Seq

modENCODE Temporal Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High expression bin max
	Extremely high expression bin max

Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 hour embryonic stages.
[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
	No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
	Very low expression (1 - 3)
	Low expression (4 - 10)
	Moderate expression (11 - 25)
	Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
	High expression (51 - 100)
	Very high expression (101 - 1000)
	Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		10
embryo 02-04hr		16
embryo 04-06hr		21
embryo 06-08hr		20
embryo 08-10hr		15
embryo 10-12hr		10
embryo 12-14hr		9
embryo 14-16hr		9
embryo 16-18hr		5
embryo 18-20hr		4
embryo 20-22hr		3
embryo 22-24hr		3
larva L1		3
larva L2		2
larva L3 12hr old		2
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		2
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		6
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		6
white prepupae new		6
white prepupae 12hr		7
white prepupae 24hr		10
pupae 2d postWPP		7
pupae 3d postWPP		2
pupae 4d postWPP		2
adult male 01day		2
adult male 05day		3
adult male 30day		3
adult female 01day		4
adult female 05day		5
adult female 30day		6
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		10
embryo 02-04hr		16
embryo 04-06hr		21
embryo 06-08hr		20
embryo 08-10hr		15
embryo 10-12hr		10
embryo 12-14hr		9
embryo 14-16hr		9
embryo 16-18hr		5
embryo 18-20hr		4
embryo 20-22hr		3
embryo 22-24hr		3
larva L1		3
larva L2		2
larva L3 12hr old		2
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		2
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		6
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		6
white prepupae new		6
white prepupae 12hr		7
white prepupae 24hr		10
pupae 2d postWPP		7
pupae 3d postWPP		2
pupae 4d postWPP		2
adult male 01day		2
adult male 05day		3
adult male 30day		3
adult female 01day		4
adult female 05day		5
adult female 30day		6
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to High expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		10
embryo 02-04hr		16
embryo 04-06hr		21
embryo 06-08hr		20
embryo 08-10hr		15
embryo 10-12hr		10
embryo 12-14hr		9
embryo 14-16hr		9
embryo 16-18hr		5
embryo 18-20hr		4
embryo 20-22hr		3
embryo 22-24hr		3
larva L1		3
larva L2		2
larva L3 12hr old		2
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		2
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		6
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		6
white prepupae new		6
white prepupae 12hr		7
white prepupae 24hr		10
pupae 2d postWPP		7
pupae 3d postWPP		2
pupae 4d postWPP		2
adult male 01day		2
adult male 05day		3
adult male 30day		3
adult female 01day		4
adult female 05day		5
adult female 30day		6
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		10
embryo 02-04hr		16
embryo 04-06hr		21
embryo 06-08hr		20
embryo 08-10hr		15
embryo 10-12hr		10
embryo 12-14hr		9
embryo 14-16hr		9
embryo 16-18hr		5
embryo 18-20hr		4
embryo 20-22hr		3
embryo 22-24hr		3
larva L1		3
larva L2		2
larva L3 12hr old		2
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		2
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		6
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		6
white prepupae new		6
white prepupae 12hr		7
white prepupae 24hr		10
pupae 2d postWPP		7
pupae 3d postWPP		2
pupae 4d postWPP		2
adult male 01day		2
adult male 05day		3
adult male 30day		3
adult female 01day		4
adult female 05day		5
adult female 30day		6
Expression Level Scale		Extremely high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		10
embryo 02-04hr		16
embryo 04-06hr		21
embryo 06-08hr		20
embryo 08-10hr		15
embryo 10-12hr		10
embryo 12-14hr		9
embryo 14-16hr		9
embryo 16-18hr		5
embryo 18-20hr		4
embryo 20-22hr		3
embryo 22-24hr		3
larva L1		3
larva L2		2
larva L3 12hr old		2
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		2
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		6
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		6
white prepupae new		6
white prepupae 12hr		7
white prepupae 24hr		10
pupae 2d postWPP		7
pupae 3d postWPP		2
pupae 4d postWPP		2
adult male 01day		2
adult male 05day		3
adult male 30day		3
adult female 01day		4
adult female 05day		5
adult female 30day		6
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		10
embryo 02-04hr		16
embryo 04-06hr		21
embryo 06-08hr		20
embryo 08-10hr		15
embryo 10-12hr		10
embryo 12-14hr		9
embryo 14-16hr		9
embryo 16-18hr		5
embryo 18-20hr		4
embryo 20-22hr		3
embryo 22-24hr		3
larva L1		3
larva L2		2
larva L3 12hr old		2
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		2
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		6
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		6
white prepupae new		6
white prepupae 12hr		7
white prepupae 24hr		10
pupae 2d postWPP		7
pupae 3d postWPP		2
pupae 4d postWPP		2
adult male 01day		2
adult male 05day		3
adult male 30day		3
adult female 01day		4
adult female 05day		5
adult female 30day		6
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to High expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		10
embryo 02-04hr		16
embryo 04-06hr		21
embryo 06-08hr		20
embryo 08-10hr		15
embryo 10-12hr		10
embryo 12-14hr		9
embryo 14-16hr		9
embryo 16-18hr		5
embryo 18-20hr		4
embryo 20-22hr		3
embryo 22-24hr		3
larva L1		3
larva L2		2
larva L3 12hr old		2
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		2
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		6
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		6
white prepupae new		6
white prepupae 12hr		7
white prepupae 24hr		10
pupae 2d postWPP		7
pupae 3d postWPP		2
pupae 4d postWPP		2
adult male 01day		2
adult male 05day		3
adult male 30day		3
adult female 01day		4
adult female 05day		5
adult female 30day		6
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		10
embryo 02-04hr		16
embryo 04-06hr		21
embryo 06-08hr		20
embryo 08-10hr		15
embryo 10-12hr		10
embryo 12-14hr		9
embryo 14-16hr		9
embryo 16-18hr		5
embryo 18-20hr		4
embryo 20-22hr		3
embryo 22-24hr		3
larva L1		3
larva L2		2
larva L3 12hr old		2
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		2
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		6
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		6
white prepupae new		6
white prepupae 12hr		7
white prepupae 24hr		10
pupae 2d postWPP		7
pupae 3d postWPP		2
pupae 4d postWPP		2
adult male 01day		2
adult male 05day		3
adult male 30day		3
adult female 01day		4
adult female 05day		5
adult female 30day		6
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high Extremely high

Heatmap
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
embryo 02-04hr
embryo 04-06hr
embryo 06-08hr
embryo 08-10hr
embryo 10-12hr
embryo 12-14hr
embryo 14-16hr
embryo 16-18hr
embryo 18-20hr
embryo 20-22hr
embryo 22-24hr
larva L1
larva L2
larva L3 12hr old
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
white prepupae new
white prepupae 12hr
white prepupae 24hr
pupae 2d postWPP
pupae 3d postWPP
pupae 4d postWPP
adult male 01day
adult male 05day
adult male 30day
adult female 01day
adult female 05day
adult female 30day

modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)

modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq

modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A)

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High expression bin max
	Extremely high expression bin max

[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
	No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
	Very low expression (1 - 3)
	Low expression (4 - 10)
	Moderate expression (11 - 25)
	Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
	High expression (51 - 100)
	Very high expression (101 - 1000)
	Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		5
Schneider line 2 Sg4		4
embryonic 1182-4H		12
embryonic GM2		3
embryonic Kc167		2
embryonic S1		6
embryonic S3		5
leg disc CME L1		5
wing disc CME-W2		3
wing disc ML-DmD8		5
wing disc ML-DmD9		14
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		8
wing disc ML-DmD21		3
wing disc ML-DmD32		8
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		8
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		7
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		3
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		4
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		6
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		3
tumorous blood cells mbn2		2
ovary fGS/OSS		25
ovary OSC		14
ovary OSS		8
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		5
Schneider line 2 Sg4		4
embryonic 1182-4H		12
embryonic GM2		3
embryonic Kc167		2
embryonic S1		6
embryonic S3		5
leg disc CME L1		5
wing disc CME-W2		3
wing disc ML-DmD8		5
wing disc ML-DmD9		14
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		8
wing disc ML-DmD21		3
wing disc ML-DmD32		8
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		8
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		7
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		3
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		4
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		6
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		3
tumorous blood cells mbn2		2
ovary fGS/OSS		25
ovary OSC		14
ovary OSS		8
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to High expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		5
Schneider line 2 Sg4		4
embryonic 1182-4H		12
embryonic GM2		3
embryonic Kc167		2
embryonic S1		6
embryonic S3		5
leg disc CME L1		5
wing disc CME-W2		3
wing disc ML-DmD8		5
wing disc ML-DmD9		14
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		8
wing disc ML-DmD21		3
wing disc ML-DmD32		8
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		8
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		7
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		3
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		4
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		6
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		3
tumorous blood cells mbn2		2
ovary fGS/OSS		25
ovary OSC		14
ovary OSS		8
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		5
Schneider line 2 Sg4		4
embryonic 1182-4H		12
embryonic GM2		3
embryonic Kc167		2
embryonic S1		6
embryonic S3		5
leg disc CME L1		5
wing disc CME-W2		3
wing disc ML-DmD8		5
wing disc ML-DmD9		14
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		8
wing disc ML-DmD21		3
wing disc ML-DmD32		8
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		8
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		7
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		3
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		4
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		6
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		3
tumorous blood cells mbn2		2
ovary fGS/OSS		25
ovary OSC		14
ovary OSS		8
Expression Level Scale		Extremely high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		5
Schneider line 2 Sg4		4
embryonic 1182-4H		12
embryonic GM2		3
embryonic Kc167		2
embryonic S1		6
embryonic S3		5
leg disc CME L1		5
wing disc CME-W2		3
wing disc ML-DmD8		5
wing disc ML-DmD9		14
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		8
wing disc ML-DmD21		3
wing disc ML-DmD32		8
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		8
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		7
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		3
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		4
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		6
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		3
tumorous blood cells mbn2		2
ovary fGS/OSS		25
ovary OSC		14
ovary OSS		8
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		5
Schneider line 2 Sg4		4
embryonic 1182-4H		12
embryonic GM2		3
embryonic Kc167		2
embryonic S1		6
embryonic S3		5
leg disc CME L1		5
wing disc CME-W2		3
wing disc ML-DmD8		5
wing disc ML-DmD9		14
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		8
wing disc ML-DmD21		3
wing disc ML-DmD32		8
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		8
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		7
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		3
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		4
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		6
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		3
tumorous blood cells mbn2		2
ovary fGS/OSS		25
ovary OSC		14
ovary OSS		8
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to High expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		5
Schneider line 2 Sg4		4
embryonic 1182-4H		12
embryonic GM2		3
embryonic Kc167		2
embryonic S1		6
embryonic S3		5
leg disc CME L1		5
wing disc CME-W2		3
wing disc ML-DmD8		5
wing disc ML-DmD9		14
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		8
wing disc ML-DmD21		3
wing disc ML-DmD32		8
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		8
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		7
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		3
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		4
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		6
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		3
tumorous blood cells mbn2		2
ovary fGS/OSS		25
ovary OSC		14
ovary OSS		8
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		5
Schneider line 2 Sg4		4
embryonic 1182-4H		12
embryonic GM2		3
embryonic Kc167		2
embryonic S1		6
embryonic S3		5
leg disc CME L1		5
wing disc CME-W2		3
wing disc ML-DmD8		5
wing disc ML-DmD9		14
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		8
wing disc ML-DmD21		3
wing disc ML-DmD32		8
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		8
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		7
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		3
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		4
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		6
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		3
tumorous blood cells mbn2		2
ovary fGS/OSS		25
ovary OSC		14
ovary OSS		8
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high Extremely high

Heatmap
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
Schneider line 2 Sg4
embryonic 1182-4H
embryonic GM2
embryonic Kc167
embryonic S1
embryonic S3
leg disc CME L1
wing disc CME-W2
wing disc ML-DmD8
wing disc ML-DmD9
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
wing disc ML-DmD21
wing disc ML-DmD32
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
tumorous blood cells mbn2
ovary fGS/OSS
ovary OSC
ovary OSS

modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq

modENCODE Treatment Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High expression bin max
	Extremely high expression bin max

[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
	No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
	Very low expression (1 - 3)
	Low expression (4 - 10)
	Moderate expression (11 - 25)
	Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
	High expression (51 - 100)
	Very high expression (101 - 1000)
	Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		8
cold shock, 4-day adult		7
heat shock, 4-day adult		5
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		2
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		4
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		7
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		4
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		3
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		7
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		4
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		10
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		1
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		1
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		2
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		7
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		6
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		6
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		7
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		8
cold shock, 4-day adult		7
heat shock, 4-day adult		5
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		2
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		4
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		7
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		4
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		3
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		7
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		4
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		10
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		1
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		1
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		2
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		7
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		6
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		6
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		7
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to High expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		8
cold shock, 4-day adult		7
heat shock, 4-day adult		5
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		2
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		4
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		7
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		4
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		3
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		7
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		4
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		10
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		1
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		1
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		2
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		7
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		6
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		6
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		7
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		8
cold shock, 4-day adult		7
heat shock, 4-day adult		5
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		2
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		4
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		7
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		4
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		3
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		7
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		4
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		10
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		1
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		1
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		2
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		7
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		6
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		6
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		7
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Expression Level Scale		Extremely high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		8
cold shock, 4-day adult		7
heat shock, 4-day adult		5
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		2
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		4
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		7
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		4
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		3
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		7
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		4
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		10
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		1
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		1
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		2
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		7
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		6
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		6
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		7
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		8
cold shock, 4-day adult		7
heat shock, 4-day adult		5
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		2
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		4
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		7
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		4
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		3
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		7
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		4
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		10
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		1
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		1
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		2
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		7
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		6
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		6
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		7
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to High expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		8
cold shock, 4-day adult		7
heat shock, 4-day adult		5
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		2
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		4
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		7
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		4
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		3
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		7
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		4
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		10
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		1
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		1
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		2
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		7
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		6
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		6
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		7
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		8
cold shock, 4-day adult		7
heat shock, 4-day adult		5
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		2
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		4
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		7
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		4
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		3
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		7
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		4
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		10
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		1
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		1
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		2
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		7
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		6
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		6
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		7
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		1
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high Extremely high

Heatmap
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
cold shock, 4-day adult
heat shock, 4-day adult
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3

Expression Clusters

A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development.

(The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011)

External Data & Images

adult abdominal segment 1

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

•

FBgn0004860

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

•

CG3895-RA

Alleles & Phenotypes

Summary of Allele Phenotypes

Lethality

Allele

lethal

lethal | embryonic stage

lethal | heat sensitive

ph-d²

lethal | pharate adult stage

ph-d^br

lethal | recessive

ph-d^k

lethal | recessive | heat sensitive

ph-d²

viable

Other Phenotypes

Allele

ph-d^+tSa

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

abdominal segment 1

abdominal segment 4

abdominal sternite 6 | female

ph-d^br

abdominal sternite 7 | female

ph-d^br

adult abdominal segment

ph-d⁵⁰¹

adult abdominal segment 1 | heat sensitive

ph-d²

adult abdominal segment 4

adult abdominal segment 4 | heat sensitive

ph-d²

adult thoracic segment

ph-d⁵⁰¹

cuticle

ph-d⁵⁰¹

cuticle & denticle

ph-d⁵⁰⁵

cuticle | ventral

ph-d⁵⁰⁵

epidermis | cell autonomous | somatic clone

ph-d⁵⁰⁵

eye

genitalia

ph-d^5PS

head

ph-d⁵⁰¹

humeral bristle

humerus

mesothoracic leg

mesothoracic leg | anterior compartment

mesothoracic leg | anterior compartment | heat sensitive

ph-d²

metathoracic leg

metathoracic leg | anterior compartment

metathoracic leg | anterior compartment | heat sensitive

ph-d²

nuclear chromosome

ph-d⁵⁰³

sex comb

sex comb | female

ph-d²⁰⁹

wing | heat sensitive

ph-d²

wing | posterior compartment

wing margin bristle

ph-d^br

Classical Alleles ( 47 )

For All Classical Alleles Show

Allele of ph-d	Class	Mutagen	Stocks	Known lesion
ph-d⁴⁰¹	loss of function allele, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence	X ray	4	Yes
ph-d⁵⁰³	amorphic allele - genetic evidence	ethyl methanesulfonate	2	--
ph-d^VA174		ethyl methanesulfonate	2	--
ph-d⁵⁰⁴	amorphic allele - genetic evidence	ethyl methanesulfonate	1	--
ph-d^BG02139		P-element activity	1	--
ph-d^br		ethyl methanesulfonate	1	--
ph-d⁵⁰⁰	amorphic allele - genetic evidence	ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ph-d⁵⁰¹	amorphic allele - genetic evidence, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence		0	--
ph-d⁵⁰²	amorphic allele - genetic evidence	ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ph-d⁵⁰⁵	loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence	ethyl methanesulfonate	0	Yes
ph-d¹⁰¹		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ph-d¹⁰²		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ph-d¹⁰³		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ph-d¹⁰		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ph-d^10a		X ray	0	Yes
ph-d¹¹		X ray	0	--
ph-d¹		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ph-d²⁰³		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ph-d²⁰⁴		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ph-d²⁰⁵		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ph-d²⁰⁷		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ph-d²⁰⁸		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ph-d²⁰⁹			0	--
ph-d²¹²		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ph-d²¹⁴		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ph-d²¹⁶		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ph-d²¹⁷			0	--
ph-d²¹⁸		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ph-d²²⁰		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ph-d²²²		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ph-d²		PM hybrid dysgenesis	0	Yes
ph-d³⁰¹			0	--
ph-d³⁰³		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ph-d³⁰⁵		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ph-d⁴⁰⁰		X ray	0	--
ph-d⁴⁰³		X ray	0	--
ph-d⁴⁰⁴		X ray	0	--
ph-d⁴		PM hybrid dysgenesis	0	Yes
ph-d⁵		diepoxybutane	0	--
ph-d^5PS	hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence		0	--
ph-d⁶⁰⁰		X ray	0	--
ph-d⁶		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ph-d⁸		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ph-d⁹		PM hybrid dysgenesis	0	--
ph-d^k		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ph-d^rsc		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--
ph-d^Ting		ethyl methanesulfonate	0	--

Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Allele of ph-d	Mutagen	Stocks	Known lesion
ph-d^JF01705	in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion	1	Yes
ph-d^+tSa	in vitro construct - genomic fragment	0	Yes
ph-d^a.cBa	in vitro construct - RNAi	0	Yes
ph-d^cBa	in vitro construct - RNAi	0	Yes

Aneuploid Aberrations

Disrupted in

Df(1)Exel6289

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Df(1)JA52

(Perrimon et al., 1985, Dura et al., 1987, DeCamillis et al., 1992)

Df(1)MB342

(Wang et al., 2006)

Df(1)ph-2

Df(1)ph-601

Df(1)ph-605

Df(1)ph-606

Df(1)ph-607

Df(1)ph-608

Df(1)ph⁴

Df(1)ph^10a

(Perrimon et al., 1985, Dura et al., 1985, Dura et al., 1987, Smouse and Perrimon, 1990, Strutt and Paro, 1997)

Df(1)ph^del

(Feng et al., 2011)

Df(1)pn38

Df(1)w-vco

In(1)pn⁴⁵

(Popodi, 2010.10.8, Venken et al., 2010)

Duplicated in

Dp(1;2;Y)w⁺

(Dura et al., 1985, Cheng et al., 1994)

Dp(1;3)DC038

Dp(1;3)w^vco

(Perrimon et al., 1985, Dura et al., 1985)

Dp(1;f)R

Dp(1;Y)w⁺303

Not disrupted in

Df(1)2F1-3A4

(Perrimon et al., 1985, Dura et al., 1985)

Df(1)64c18

Df(1)278.4B1

Df(1)JC105

Df(1)l24

Df(1)L271

(Perrimon et al., 1985, Dura et al., 1985, Dura et al., 1987)

Df(1)Pgd-kz

Df(1)pn7a

Df(1)TEM304

In(1)C99^Lw^m4R

In(1)ph410

Not duplicated in

Dp(1;Y)dor18T

Transgenic Constructs & Insertions

Transgenic Constructs

Type of construct

Name

Expression data

reporter construct

P{ph-lacZ}

UAS construct

P{TRiP.JF01705}

characterization construct

P{ph-d^+tSa}

Insertions

Type of insertions

Name

Expression data

miscellaneous insertions

P{}ph-d⁹

P{GT1}ph-d^BG02139

insertion of enhancer trap

P{lacW}l(1)G0458^G0458

Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 11 unique terms )

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 8 terms )

Molecular Function

CV term

References

chaperone binding

inferred from direct assay

(Wang and Brock, 2003)

chromatin binding

inferred from direct assay

(Negre et al., 2006)

core promoter binding

inferred from direct assay

(Enderle et al., 2011)

Biological Process

CV term

negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent

References

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Enderle et al., 2011)

syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle

inferred from mutant phenotype

(O'Dor et al., 2006)

Cellular Component

CV term

(Grimaud et al., 2006, Klymenko et al., 2006, Mulholland et al., 2003)

References

nucleolus

inferred from direct assay

(Chen et al., 2005)

nucleus

inferred from direct assay

PRC1 complex

inferred from direct assay

(Mulholland et al., 2003)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 4 terms )

Molecular Function

CV term

(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)

References

zinc ion binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR012313

Biological Process

CV term

References

chromatin silencing

non-traceable author statement

(Fauvarque et al., 1995)

Cellular Component

CV term

(Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)

References

chromatin

non-traceable author statement

(Fauvarque et al., 1995)

PRC1 complex

traceable author statement

(Levine et al., 2004)

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Interactions & Pathways

Summary of Physical Interactions

protein-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

ph-d - Pc

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Kyba and Brock, 1998)

ph-d - fs(1)K10

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interacts with

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

ph-d allele

Gene

References

(Kaufman et al., 1980)

(Maschat et al., 1998)

salm

(Landecker et al., 1994)

Sce

(McKeon et al., 1994)

ph-d⁴

(Kodjabachian et al., 1998)

ph-d^5PS

corto

ph-d⁹

(Simmonds and Bell, 1998)

ph-d²⁰⁹

inv

ph-d⁴⁰¹

(Randsholt et al., 2000)

ph-d⁵⁰³

(Netter et al., 1998)

ph-d⁵⁰⁴

(Narbonne et al., 2004)

ph-d⁵⁰⁵

(Maschat et al., 1998)

(Randsholt et al., 2000)

unspecified

Abd-B

ara

(Netter et al., 1998)

ash1

(Gildea et al., 2000)

Asx

(McKeon et al., 1994)

esc

(Saget and Randsholt, 1994, Boivin et al., 1999)

Scr

(Gindhart and Kaufman, 1995)

trx

(Gildea et al., 2000)

External Data

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF01705}attP2

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions

•

69361

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

•

FBgn0004860

InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

•

44889

Orthologs

OrthoDB Orthologs (58) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41

OrthoDB Ortholog Groups

OrthoDB orthology group searches

(Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288)

Drosophila inclusive ortholog search

EOG698VK8

Dipteran inclusive ortholog search

EOG6RXZ79

Insect inclusive ortholog search

EOG6CNPMD

Arthropod inclusive ortholog search

EOG67SQW3

Metazoa inclusive ortholog search

EOG679T1C

Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG698VK8)

Organism

Common Name

Gene

AAA Syntenic Ortholog

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Drosophila melanogaster

fruit fly

Dmel\ph-p

Drosophila melanogaster

fruit fly

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila sechellia

Drosophila sechellia

Drosophila erecta

Drosophila erecta

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila ananassae

Drosophila persimilis

Dper\GL15368

Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6RXZ79)

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Aedes aegypti

Yellow fever mosquito

Aaeg\AAEL017233

Culex quinquefasciatus

Southern house mosquito

Cqui\CPIJ001320

Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6CNPMD)

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Apis mellifera

Western honey bee

Amel\GB47417

Nasonia vitripennis

Parasitic wasp

Nvit\Nasvi2EG021448

Acromyrmex echinatior

Panamanian leafcutter ant

Aech\AECH14520

Atta cephalotes

Leafcutter ant

Acep\ACEP10679

Camponotus floridanus

Florida carpenter ant

Cflo\CFLO16312

Harpegnathos saltator

Jerdons jumping ant

Hsal\HSAL13479

Linepithema humile

Argentine ant

Lhum\LH11722

Pogonomyrmex barbatus

Red harvester ant

Pbar\PB11497

Solenopsis invicta

Red fire ant

Sinv\SINV26180

Acyrthosiphon pisum

Pea aphid

Apim\ACYPI073837

Acyrthosiphon pisum

Pea aphid

Apim\ACYPI066772

Bombyx mori

Silkmoth

Bmor\BGIBMGA000509

Bombyx mori

Silkmoth

Bmor\BGIBMGA000510

Pediculus humanus

Human body louse

Phum\PHUM396500

Tribolium castaneum

Red flour beetle

Tcas\ph

Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG67SQW3)

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\wspB

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\JGI_V11_334695

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\cytb

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\JGI_V11_312027

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\JGI_V11_312026

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\ndhF

Ixodes scapularis

Deer tick

Isca\ISCW020396

Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG679T1C)

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\SPU_002326gn

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\SPU_000345gn

Danio rerio

Zebrafish

Drer\ENSDARG00000074604

Danio rerio

Zebrafish

Drer\ENSDARG00000056695

Danio rerio

Zebrafish

Drer\si:ch211-230g15.5

Danio rerio

Zebrafish

Drer\ENSDARG00000002971

Danio rerio

Zebrafish

Drer\phc2b

Xenopus tropicalis

Western clawed frog

Xtro\phc3

Xenopus tropicalis

Western clawed frog

Xtro\ENSXETG00000024202

Xenopus tropicalis

Western clawed frog

Xtro\phc2

Xenopus tropicalis

Western clawed frog

Xtro\phc1

Gallus gallus

Domestic chicken

Ggal\PHC1

Gallus gallus

Domestic chicken

Ggal\PHC3

Mus musculus

House mouse

Mmus\Phc2

Mus musculus

House mouse

Mmus\ENSMUSG00000040669

Mus musculus

House mouse

Mmus\Phc3

Rattus norvegicus

Norway rat

Rnor\Phc1

Rattus norvegicus

Norway rat

Rnor\Phc3

Rattus norvegicus

Norway rat

Rnor\Phc2

Homo sapiens

Human

Hsap\PHC2

Homo sapiens

Human

Hsap\PHC3

Homo sapiens

Human

Hsap\PHC1

Human Orthologs (3)

Gene

OMIM

HGNC

Hsap\PHC2

Hsap\PHC3

Hsap\PHC1

AAA Orthologs (0) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3

No orthologs identified

Stocks & Reagents

Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 12 )

Bloomington

5392

ph-d⁴⁰¹ w¹

4821

ph-d^VA174 l(1)7Di⁷/FM7a

12551

P{GT1}ph-d^BG02139 w¹¹¹⁸

31190

5444

ph-d⁴⁰¹ ph-p⁶⁰² w¹/FM7c

3952

y² ph-d^br w^a/FM7a/Dp(1;2;Y)w⁺

24162

ph-d⁵⁰⁴ ph-p⁵⁰⁴ w^* P{FRT(w^hs)}101/FM7c

1411

y¹ ph-d⁵⁰³ w¹ f^36a/FM7c, sn⁺/Dp(1;2;Y)w⁺

Kyoto

108202

ph-d⁴⁰¹ w¹

107894

ph-d^VA174 l(1)7Di⁷/FM7a

108238

ph-d⁴⁰¹ ph-p⁶⁰² w¹/FM7c

106304

y¹ ph-d⁵⁰³ w¹ f^36a/FM7c/Dp(1;2;Y)w⁺

Genomic Clones ( 1 )

BACR32O19

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones ( 4 )

Please Note

This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

LD01444

Other clones

MIP12539

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi & Array Information

DRSC - Results from RNAi screens.

•

FBgn0004860

GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

•

44889

Antibody Information

polyclonal

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

Other Information

Discoverer

Etymology

Identification

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database identity of

Source for identity of: ph-d CG3895

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

"l(1)G0458" may affect "ph-d".

(Peter et al., 2002)

Source for identity of ph-d CG3895 was sequence comparison (date:000425).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

"ph-d" may be allelic to "rsc".

Other Comments

Pc, Scm, Psc, ph-p and ph-d contribute to the PRC1 (Polycomb repressive complex 1). PRC1 directly antagonizes ATP-dependent remodeling of nucleosomal arrays in a purified system and may directly modulate (and be modified by) SWI/SNF (brm/mor) activity.

(Shao et al., 1999)

The C-terminal region of ph-d can self-associate in vitro and this self-association is a function of the SAM domain.

(Kyba and Brock, 1998)

Interactions between en and ph-d are required to maintain the anterior-posterior boundary and posterior cell fate in the wing.

(Maschat et al., 1998)

Normal ph-d expression depends on exd expression in vivo.

(Serrano and Maschat, 1998)

ph-p and ph-d proteins have different effects on the bxd regulatory region.

Mutations in the ph-p and ph-d transcription units have differing effects on the regulation of a reporter gene under the control of a bxd regulatory region.

ph-d and ph-p are differentially regulated at the mRNA level during development.

(Gindhart and Kaufman, 1995)

Psc protein coimmunoprecipitates Pc and ph-d/ph-p indicating they are members of a common multimeric protein complex. These proteins are associated with identical regulatory elements of en in tissue culture cells and differentially distributed on regulatory sequences of inv.

(Strutt and Paro, 1997)

In an effort to subdivide the Pc-group genes functionally, the phenotypes of adult flies heterozygous for every pairwise combination of Pc-group mutation were examined. Most duplications of Pc-group genes neither exhibit anterior transformations nor suppress the extra sex comb phenotype of Pc-group mutations, suggesting that not all Pc-group genes behave as predicted by the mass action model.

(Campbell et al., 1995)

Sections of the Scr regulatory region may be important for regulation of Scr by Polycomb- and trithorax-group genes.

ph-d and ph-p activation in germ band elongated embryos could be mediated by en binding to en-binding sites upstream of each of the two polyhomeotic transcription units.

(Serrano et al., 1995)

Duplication of ph-d suppresses homeotic transformations of Pc and Pcl, this data supports the conclusion that ph-d is at equilibrium with a multimeric complex containing Pc.

(Cheng et al., 1994)

ph-d and ph-p product is found on larval salivary chromosomes at about 100 specific loci, in the same positions as the products of Pc and Pcl genes.

(Lonie et al., 1994)

Mutations in ph-d generate malformations of the longitudinal tracts.

(Jacobs, 1993)

ph-p and ph-d gene products bind polytene chromosomes at 45 locations where other Pc-group proteins, encoded by Pc and Psc, are present.

(Martin and Adler, 1993)

There is considerable overlap of chromosomal binding sites for Psc, Su(z)2, z, Pc and the ph-p and ph-d proteins.

(Rastelli et al., 1993)

The bithorax complex genes are regulated by the Pc group of genes, including ph-p and ph-d, acting via 'Pc group response elements' (PREs), that can work even when removed from the normal bithorax complex context. The Pc group products apparently provide stable memory or imprinting of boundaries which are specified by gap and pair-rule regulators.

(Simon et al., 1993)

Pc and ph-d/ph-p proteins are constituents of a soluble multimeric nuclear protein complex.

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

A member of the Polycomb group of genes; seems to be the strongly required both maternally and zygotically for normal embryonic development.

Two mutagenic events are necessary to produce null mutations, in both ph-d and ph-p. Single-event mutations are viable as males and homozygous females; such mutations produce transformations similar to those of known dominant gain-of-function mutants in the ANTC and BXC, i.e., transformation of wings to halteres, second and third legs to first legs and anterior abdominal segments to more posterior segments (mutants may also show loss of the humerus). Trans heterozygotes between viable and lethal alleles or between viable alleles and a deficiency for ph-d and ph-p die in late embryogenesis and exhibit posteriorly directed transformations; i.e. viable alleles are haplo-insufficient. The ph-d⁺/ph-p⁺ product is required autonomously in imaginal cells. A total lack of ph-d⁺/ph-p⁺ function prevents viability of the cuticular derivatives of these cells, but amorphic clones induced in late third instar survive.

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

Mutations of genes in the polycomb group (esc, E(z), Pc, ph-p, ph-d, Scm, Pcl, Sce, Asx, Psc, pho and Antp) cause abnormal segmental development due to the ectopic expression of abd-A and Abd-B.

(Simon et al., 1992)

The Pc group genes are negative regulators of homeotic genes and have pleiotropic effects on development.

(McKeon and Brock, 1991)

Two-event lethal mutations die in mid-embryogenesis and completely lack ventral and abdominal epidermal derivatives; they show transformations of most of the segments toward the eighth abdominal segment. ph-d/ph-p has a strong maternal effect on segmental identity and epidermal development that cannot be rescued by a single paternally supplied dose of ph-d⁺/ph-p⁺ in the zygote.

(Dura et al., 1988)

At the shortened germ band stage (but not at the blastoderm stage), ph-d/ph-p seems to be involved in the regulation, not only of the homeotic genes Scr and Ubx, but also in the regulation of the segmentation genes ftz, eve and en.

(Dura and Ingham, 1988)

There is an alteration in the pattern of axon pathways in the CNS in ph-d,ph-p mutants. The axons fail to form commissures or connectives but instead form large bundles in the middle of each hemi-ganglion.

(Smouse et al., 1988)

ph-d and ph-p form a complex locus, total elimination of 'polyhomeotic' function requires mutations of both the proximal and distal genes.

(Lopez et al., 1999, Schug et al., 1998, Schug et al., 1997)

External Crossreferences & Linkouts

Sequence Crossreferences

RefSeq (Transcripts)

•

RefSeq (Proteins)

•

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

•

Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes.

•

44889

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

•

Other Crossreferences

InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites

•

Sterile alpha motif domain (IPR001660)

Zinc finger, FCS-type (IPR012313)

Sterile alpha motif/pointed domain (IPR013761)

Sterile alpha motif, type 1 (IPR021129)

PDB - Protein Data Bank. An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

•

1KW4

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions

•

69361

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

•

FBgn0004860

DRSC - Results from RNAi screens.

•

FBgn0004860

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

•

FBgn0004860

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

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CG3895-RA

FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans

•

FBgn0004860

GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

•

44889

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

•

/polycomb/polyhome.htm

InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

•

44889

modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project.

•

FBgn0004860

REDfly - A database of transcriptional regulatory elements.

•

FBgn0004860

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 22 )

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG3895

(Klebes et al., 2005, Mount, 2001.8.14, Benos, 2000.12.13, Ni et al., 2008)

DROZFP

EG:BACN25G24.3

(Benos et al., 2001, Benos, 2000.12.13, )

(Martinez et al., 2006, Kim et al., 2005, Narbonne et al., 2004, Perrin et al., 2003, Bloyer et al., 2003, Lehmann, 2004, Narbonne et al., 2004, Chanas et al., 2003, O'Connell et al., 2001, Lopez et al., 2001, Brock and van Lohuizen, 2001, Maschat et al., 2001, Netter et al., 2001, Bloyer et al., 2001, Simonova et al., 2001, Rusch and Kaufman, 2000, Randsholt et al., 2000, Gildea et al., 2000, Boivin et al., 2000, Netter and Theodore, 2000, Docquier et al., 1999, Levis and Preczewski, 1999, Hodgson and Brock, 1999, Bloyer et al., 1999, Paro, 1998, Stankunas et al., 1998, Simmonds and Bell, 1998, Serrano and Maschat, 1998, Mihaly et al., 1998, Maschat et al., 1998, Netter et al., 1998, Santamaria, 1998, Buchenau et al., 1998, Theodore et al., 1998, Peterson et al., 1998, Boivin and Dura, 1998, Fauvarque and Gehring, 1998, Kodjabachian et al., 1998, Jenuwein et al., 1998, van Lohuizen, 1998, Sinclair et al., 1998, Gould, 1997, Pirrotta, 1997, Bornemann et al., 1997, Shaffer et al., 1997, Dura and Boivin, 1997, Ronsseray et al., 1996, Kingston et al., 1996, Henikoff, 1996, Tripoulas et al., 1996, Aguade and Langley, 1994, Maschat and Serrano, 1996, Kennison, 1995, Chang et al., 1995, Ponting, 1995, Fauvarque et al., 1995, Pirrotta, 1995, Simon, 1995, Simmonds et al., 1995, Orlando and Paro, 1995, Moehrle and Paro, 1994, Gindhart and Kaufman, 1995, Campbell et al., 1995, Cheng et al., 1994, de Camillis and Brock, 1994, McKeon et al., 1994, Andrew and Scott, 1994, Saget and Randsholt, 1994, Landecker et al., 1994, Pirrotta and Rastelli, 1994, Pelegri and Lehmann, 1994, Paro, 1994, Lonie et al., 1994, Botas, 1993, Paro, 1993, Morata, 1993, Jimenez and Modolell, 1993, Wu, 1993, Rastelli et al., 1993, Franke et al., 1992, Henikoff, 1992, Bienz, 1992, Epstein, 1992, Cheng and Brock, 1992, Merriam et al., 1991, Deatrick et al., 1991, Dessain and McGinnis, 1991, Paro, 1990, Smouse and Perrimon, 1990, Dura et al., 1987, Dura et al., 1985, Perrimon et al., 1985, Chanas and Maschat, 2005, Gandille et al., 2007, Klymenko et al., 2006, Kavi et al., 2006, Wang and Brock, 2003, Hodgson et al., 2001, Comet et al., 2006, Fujioka et al., 2008, Bejarano and Milán, 2009, Fang et al., 2009, Bantignies et al., 2011, Classen et al., 2009, Martinez et al., 2009, Saj et al., 2010, Feng et al., 2011, Feng et al., 2012, Gutiérrez et al., 2012, Cuddapah et al., 2012)

ph^D