FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
Gene: Dmel\bab1
Open Close
General Information
Symbol
Dmel\bab1
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
bric a brac 1
Annotation Symbol
CG9097
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0004870
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
109 publicly available
Gene Summary
bric a brac 1 (bab1) encodes a transcriptional regulator that functions partially redundantly with the product of bab2. It is part of the conserved proximal-distal gene regulatory network module. It contributes to pattern formation, ovary morphogenesis, abdominal pigmentation and olfactory receptor neuron fate diversity. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

bab, bric-a-brac, bric a brac, bab-I, bric a brac I

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
61E2-61F1
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-0.5
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:1036369..1101089
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (14 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(Lours et al., 2003)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR007889
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity
traceable author statement
(Christiansen et al., 2002)
Biological Process (10 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in eye-antennal disc morphogenesis
inferred from expression pattern
(Couderc et al., 2002)
involved_in leg disc morphogenesis
inferred from expression pattern
(Couderc et al., 2002)
involved_in sex differentiation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kopp et al., 2000)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:abd-A; FB:FBgn0000014
(Kopp et al., 2000)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Abd-B; FB:FBgn0000015
(Kopp et al., 2000)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (8 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in female sex differentiation
traceable author statement
(Billeter et al., 2002)
involved_in negative regulation of developmental pigmentation
traceable author statement
(Christiansen et al., 2002)
involved_in negative regulation of male pigmentation
non-traceable author statement
(Billeter et al., 2002)
involved_in regulation of developmental pigmentation
traceable author statement
(Simpson, 2002)
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription
traceable author statement
(Christiansen et al., 2002)
traceable author statement
(Couderc et al., 2002)
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001135010
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in sex differentiation
traceable author statement
(Christiansen et al., 2002)
involved_in sex-specific pigmentation
traceable author statement
(Simpson, 2002, Sanchez and Guerrero, 2001, Zarkower, 2001)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Couderc et al., 2002)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001135010
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
bric a brac 1 (bab1) encodes a transcriptional regulator that functions partially redundantly with the product of bab2. It is part of the conserved proximal-distal gene regulatory network module. It contributes to pattern formation, ovary morphogenesis, abdominal pigmentation and olfactory receptor neuron fate diversity. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
PIPSQUEAK TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
Pipsqueak transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA binding proteins that regulate transcription. These family members are characterized by a heix-turn-helix DNA-binding domain called Psq domain, which consists of four tandem repeats of a conserved 50-amino acid sequence, the Psq motif. (Adapted from FBrf0148954 and FBrf0105267).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Probably acts as a transcriptional regulator. Required for the specification of the tarsal segment. Also involved in antenna development.
(UniProt, Q9W0K7)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

transcription factor bearing a BTB/POZ domain - required for pattern formation along the proximal-distal axis of the leg and antenna - along with other BTB/POZ factors of the Tramtrack Group Bab involved in limiting the number of ovarioles

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
4
Number of Unique Polypeptides
4

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\bab1 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9W0K7)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.53

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
bab1-RB
FBtr0072642
NM_167852
5340
977
bab1-RC
FBtr0333268
NM_001274310
5319
970
bab1-RD
FBtr0333269
NM_001274311
5322
971
bab1-RE
FBtr0333270
NM_001274312
5337
976
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

5.4 (northern blot)

(Couderc et al., 2002)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
bab1-PB
FBpp0072538
103.3
977
8.25
Q9W0K7
NP_728565
AAF47439
bab1-PC
FBpp0305466
102.6
970
8.25
M9PE50
NP_001261239
AGB93934
bab1-PD
FBpp0305467
102.7
971
8.25
M9PDT5
NP_001261240
AGB93935
bab1-PE
FBpp0305468
103.3
976
8.25
M9PGP8
NP_001261241
AGB93936
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\bab1 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.64

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
third instar larval stage
leg disc | restricted
(Couderc et al., 2002)
wandering third instar larval stage
eye-antennal disc | restricted
(Godt et al., 1993)
third instar larval stage L2
leg disc | restricted
(Godt et al., 1993)
prepupal stage
ovary | restricted
(Couderc et al., 2002)
Additional Descriptive Data

Transcript expression in the ovary is restricted to the cells that form the terminal filaments. Transcript is expressed in the primordium of tarsal segments TS1-TS4 in leg imaginal discs.

(Couderc et al., 2002)

Within the leg imaginal disc, the bab transcript is detected in the primordia for tarsal segments 2 to 4 and the distal margin of tarsal segment 1.

(Godt et al., 1993)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
leg disc | restricted
(Couderc et al., 2002, Godt et al., 1993)
eye-antennal disc | restricted
(Godt et al., 1993)
wandering third instar larval stage
male genital disc | restricted
(Couderc et al., 2002)
female genital disc | restricted
(Couderc et al., 2002)
larval central nervous system | restricted
(Couderc et al., 2002)
prepupal stage
tarsal segment
(Godt et al., 1993)
central nervous system | restricted
(Couderc et al., 2002)
prepupal stage P1
ovary | restricted

Comment: puparium formation

(Couderc et al., 2002)
pupal stage P7 -- pharate adult stage P14
pupal epidermis | dorsal | restricted
(Salomone et al., 2013)
pharate adult stage P9 -- P14
oenocyte
(Salomone et al., 2013)
Additional Descriptive Data

The bab protein is located in the nucleus.

(Salomone et al., 2013, Godt et al., 1993)

Two cis regulatory elements govern bab1 expression in the pupal abdomen: one element that regulates bab1 expression in segments A2–A4 of both sexes and a second, dimorphic element that regulates expression in the posterior segments A5–A7 of females.

(Williams et al., 2008)

Protein expression in the ovary is restricted to the cells that form the terminal filaments.Protein is expressed in the primordium of tarsal segments TS1-TS4 in leg imaginal discs. This expression is graded with highest expression in TS3 and TS4 and lower expression in TS1 and TS2 as per FBrf0065404.In the female genital disc strongest protein expression is observed in the vaginal plate primordium and the A8 tergite.In the male genital disc strongest protein expression is observed in a region of the male genital primordium.bab1-expressing cells are found in the central brain hemisphers and the thoracic ganglia.

(Couderc et al., 2002)

Starting in larval mid-third instar, lacZ expression is detected in a concentric domain in leg and antennal imaginal discs. These expression domains correspond to the primordia of the tarsus, and subdistal structures of the antenna, respectively. By late third larval instar, expression is stronger, and the primordia of tarsal segments 2 to 4, and of the distal portion of tarsal segment 1, are stained. The expression displays a graded and wave-like pattern: tarsal folds 3 and 4 stain more than folds 1 and 2, and the ridges of the folds stain more than the furrows. This staining pattern is still visible in 6 hour-old prepupae. In adults, staining is seen in two segments of the antennal basal cylinder.

(Godt et al., 1993)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Couderc et al., 2002)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{A92}bab1A30
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
embryonic/larval hindgut
(Bellen et al., 1989)
metameric furrow
(Bellen et al., 1989)
embryonic/larval proventriculus
(Bellen et al., 1989)
anal pad | presumptive
(Bellen et al., 1989)
larval digestive system | restricted
(Bellen et al., 1989)
embryonic stage 10 -- 17
stomodeum
(O'Kane and Gehring, 1987)
proctodeum
(O'Kane and Gehring, 1987)
epidermis | segmentally repeated
(O'Kane and Gehring, 1987)
embryonic stage 11 -- 17
embryonic labial segment
(O'Kane and Gehring, 1987)
embryonic stage 17
embryonic/larval anal pad
(O'Kane and Gehring, 1987)
embryonic/larval proventriculus
(O'Kane and Gehring, 1987)
embryonic/larval hindgut
(O'Kane and Gehring, 1987)
Reporter: P{A92}bab1P
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
antennal disc
(Godt et al., 1993)
leg disc
(Godt et al., 1993)
Reporter: P{GawB}bab1Agal4-5
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
embryonic/larval posterior spiracle
(Kester and Nambu, 2011)
embryonic/larval salivary gland
(Kester and Nambu, 2011)
embryonic/larval proventriculus
(Kester and Nambu, 2011)
embryonic stage 17
embryonic/larval posterior spiracle
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
embryonic/larval proventriculus
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
embryonic/larval salivary gland
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
larval stage
embryonic/larval proventriculus
(Sieber and Thummel, 2012)
larval stage | female
terminal filament
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
somatic cell of ovariole | apical

Comment: apical side of ovary

(Cabrera et al., 2002)
somatic cell of ovariole | basal

Comment: basal side of cell

(Cabrera et al., 2002)
larval stage | male
testis
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
male germline cell

Comment: post-mitotic

(Cabrera et al., 2002)
third instar larval stage
larval enteroendocrine cell | subset
(Lajeunesse et al., 2010)
embryonic/larval midgut longitudinal visceral muscle cell
(Lajeunesse et al., 2010)
circular intestinal visceral muscle fiber | subset
(Lajeunesse et al., 2010)
larval midgut enterocyte | subset
(Lajeunesse et al., 2010)
embryonic/larval proventriculus
(Lajeunesse et al., 2010)
larval enteroendocrine cell
(Lajeunesse et al., 2010)
haltere disc
(Kester and Nambu, 2011)
antennal disc
(Kester and Nambu, 2011)
female genital disc
(Kester and Nambu, 2011)
wing disc
(Kester and Nambu, 2011)
leg disc | restricted
(Kester and Nambu, 2011)
wandering third instar larval stage
leg disc | restricted
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
antennal disc | restricted
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
basal cylinder | precursor
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
presumptive arista
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
female genital disc
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
wing disc | restricted
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
haltere disc | restricted
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
wandering third instar larval stage -- prepupal stage
presumptive tarsal segment 2
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
presumptive tarsal segment 3
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
presumptive tarsal segment 4
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
adult stage | female
terminal filament
(Sahai-Hernandez and Nystul, 2013, Kester and Nambu, 2011, Cabrera et al., 2002)
germarium cap cell
(Sahai-Hernandez and Nystul, 2013)
adult stage | male
male germline cell

Comment: post-mitotic

(Cabrera et al., 2002)
testis
(Kester and Nambu, 2011)
oogenesis
terminal filament
(Park et al., 2007)
germarium cap cell
(Park et al., 2007)
Reporter: P{GawB}bab1Gal4
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage | female
somatic cell of ovariole
(Bolivar et al., 2006)
pupal stage | female
terminal filament
(Bolivar et al., 2006)
germarium cap cell
(Bolivar et al., 2006)
basal stalk | faint
(Bolivar et al., 2006)
adult stage | female
terminal filament
(Bolivar et al., 2006)
escort cell
(Bolivar et al., 2006)
escort cell
(Bolivar et al., 2006)
germarium cap cell
(Bolivar et al., 2006)
Reporter: P{GawB}bab1Pgal4-2
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 17
embryonic/larval posterior spiracle
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
embryonic/larval proventriculus
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
embryonic labral segment
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
larval stage | female
terminal filament
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
somatic cell of ovariole | apical

Comment: apical side of ovary

(Cabrera et al., 2002)
larval stage | male
testis
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
male germline cell

Comment: post-mitotic

(Cabrera et al., 2002)
wandering third instar larval stage
leg disc | restricted
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
presumptive prothoracic structures from prothoracic leg disc
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
presumptive mesothoracic structures from mesothoracic leg disc
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
presumptive metathorax structures from metathoracic leg disc
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
antennal disc | restricted
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
basal cylinder | precursor
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
presumptive arista
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
eye disc posterior to the morphogenetic furrow
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
female genital disc
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
male genital disc
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
wing disc | restricted
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
haltere disc | restricted
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
wandering third instar larval stage -- prepupal stage
presumptive tarsal segment 2
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
presumptive tarsal segment 3
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
presumptive tarsal segment 4
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
adult stage | female
terminal filament
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
terminal filament cell
(Hartman et al., 2015)
germarium cap cell
(Hartman et al., 2015)
adult stage | male
male germline cell
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
male germline cyst
(Cabrera et al., 2002)
adult stage
adult antennal olfactory receptor neuron | subset
(Li et al., 2016)
oogenesis & adult stage | female
terminal filament
(Hartman et al., 2010)
adult stage | female & oogenesis
germarium cap cell
(Hartman et al., 2010)
oogenesis
germarium cap cell
(Guo and Wang, 2009)
terminal filament
(Guo and Wang, 2009)
Reporter: P{GawB}bab1
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
leg disc | restricted
(Azpiazu and Morata, 2002)
Reporter: P{lArB}bab1A128.1F3
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
embryonic/larval hindgut
(Bellen et al., 1989)
metameric furrow
(Bellen et al., 1989)
embryonic/larval proventriculus
(Bellen et al., 1989)
anal pad | presumptive
(Bellen et al., 1989)
larval digestive system | restricted
(Bellen et al., 1989)
larval stage
leg disc | restricted
(Mukherjee et al., 2000)
third instar larval stage
antennal disc | restricted
(Godt et al., 1993)
leg disc | restricted
(Godt et al., 1993)
antennal disc | central
(Li et al., 2016)
prepupal stage
leg disc | restricted
(Godt et al., 1993)
antennal disc | restricted
(Godt et al., 1993)
adult stage
basal cylinder | restricted
(Godt et al., 1993)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\bab1 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 35 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 18 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of bab1
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of bab1
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 10 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
lethal, with Scer\GAL4p339
lethal, with Scer\GAL4T80
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
Sterility
Allele
female sterile
female sterile | recessive
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal body color | female
abnormal body color | female | recessive
abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR42B09
decreased fecundity | female
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
visible | dominant | heat sensitive
visible | recessive
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
abdominal tergite 5 | female
abdominal tergite 6 | female
abdominal tergite 7 | female
abdominal tergite, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
antenna
basal cylinder
germarium
leg
macrochaeta
macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
mesothoracic tarsal segment 2
mesothoracic tarsal segment 3
mesothoracic tarsal segment 4
mesothoracic tarsal segment 5
metathoracic tarsal segment 2
metathoracic tarsal segment 3
metathoracic tarsal segment 4
metathoracic tarsal segment 5
ovariole
ovariole | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR42B09
ovary
ovary | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR42B09
prothoracic tarsal segment 2
prothoracic tarsal segment 3
prothoracic tarsal segment 4
prothoracic tarsal segment 5
sex comb
sex comb | ectopic
terminal filament
wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (36)
Hsap\BTBD18
3 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\KBTBD4
2 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ABTB1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\KBTBD2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KBTBD3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KLHL2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KLHL3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KLHL12
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KLHL15
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KLHL17
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KLHL20
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KLHL21
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KLHL23
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KLHL24
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KLHL26
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KLHL30
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KLHL31
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\KLHL36
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\MYNN
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\NACC1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\NACC2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PHOSPHO2-KLHL23
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZBTB6
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZBTB7A
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ZBTB7C
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZBTB9
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZBTB14
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZBTB17
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ZBTB20
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZBTB21
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZBTB24
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ZBTB37
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZBTB41
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZBTB44
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF131
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZNF524
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (20)
Rnor\Btbd18
3 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Abtb1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Kbtbd3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Kbtbd4
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Klhl2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Klhl12
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Klhl15
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Klhl20
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Klhl21
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Klhl24
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Klhl26
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Klhl40
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Nacc2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zbtb9
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Zbtb20
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zbtb24
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Zbtb37
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zbtb43
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zfp131
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zfp161
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (18)
Mmus\Btbd18
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Kbtbd4
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Abtb1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Kbtbd3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Klhl2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Klhl3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Klhl12
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Klhl15
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Klhl20
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Klhl21
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Klhl24
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Klhl40
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zbtb9
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Zbtb14
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Zbtb20
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Zbtb24
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Zbtb37
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Zbtb43
1 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (25)
Xtro\btbd18
2 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\abtb1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\bcl6
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\cdkl5
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\hivep3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\kbtbd2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\klhl2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\klhl21
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\klhl22
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\klhl23
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\klhl24
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\klhl28
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\klhl36
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\klhl40
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100496285
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\nacc1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\nacc2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\zbtb6
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\zbtb11
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\zbtb14
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\zbtb20
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\zbtb21
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\zbtb37
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\zbtb41
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\zbtb43
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (23)
Drer\abtb1
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\bach1a
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\gan
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\kbtbd3
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl7
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl10a
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl12
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl15
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl17
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl20
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl21
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl22
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl24b
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl26
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl35
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl36
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl40a
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl40b
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\klhl41b
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\LOC108178999
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\zbtb14
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\zbtb20
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\zbtb24
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (3)
Cele\eor-1
1 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\kel-3
1 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\kel-20
1 of 14
Yes
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (34)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006018
7 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000080
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001073
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001646
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002297
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003189
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003286
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003439
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003537
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003685
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005245
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005747
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008031
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008506
2 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008959
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010063
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010355
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011247
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011583
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000585
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001258
1 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002163
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002165
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003428
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003645
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005244
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005748
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006454
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008362
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009641
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011142
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011902
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012550
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP013477
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
Atha\AT4G08455
1 of 13
Yes
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:bab1. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (31)
bab2
7 of 13
ab
6 of 13
CG6118
6 of 13
CG34376
6 of 13
lov
6 of 13
tono
6 of 13
Trl
6 of 13
br
5 of 13
CG3726
5 of 13
CG8924
5 of 13
CG12236
5 of 13
chinmo
5 of 13
fru
5 of 13
lolal
5 of 13
lola
5 of 13
ttk
5 of 13
BtbVII
4 of 13
CG6765
4 of 13
mamo
4 of 13
mod(mdg4)
4 of 13
rib
4 of 13
psq
3 of 13
CG15812
2 of 13
CG9426
1 of 13
CG15097
1 of 13
CG30431
1 of 13
her
1 of 13
ken
1 of 13
pre-lola-G
1 of 13
rdx
1 of 13
seq
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    BTBD18; BTB domain containing 18
    3 of 14
    621145
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        External Data
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        FlyBase
        External Links
        External Data
        Linkouts
        SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
        Class of Gene
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        3L
        Recombination map
        3-0.5
        Cytogenetic map
        61E2-61F1
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        61E2-61F1
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)0596705967 and P{PZ}l(3)0264002640
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        61F1-61F3
        (determined by in situ hybridisation)
        (Godt et al., 1993)
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        3-0.5

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        3-1.2

        (Comeron et al., 2012)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (109)
        Genomic Clones (47)
        cDNA Clones (36)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

          For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

            cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            RNAi and Array Information
            Linkouts
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Antibody Information
            Laboratory Generated Antibodies
             

            polyclonal

            (Williams et al., 2008, Godt et al., 1993)
            Commercially Available Antibodies
             
            Cell Line Information
            Publicly Available Cell Lines
             
              Other Stable Cell Lines
               
                Other Comments

                DNA-protein interactions: genome-wide binding profile assayed for bab1 protein in 0-12 hr embryos; see mE1_TFBS_bab1 collection report.

                (Negre et al., 2011)

                bab1 and bab2 are both required for normal development. The functions of bab1 and bab2 show both redundant and divergent aspects, with bab2 playing a predominant role in exerting "bab" function. Both bab1 and bab2 are required for normal ovarian development, but loss-of-function of bab2 causes a more severe ovarian phenotype. There is an overlapping but differential requirement for bab1 and bab2 in the pigmentation of different adult abdominal segments, with A7 being more dependent on bab1 and A5 being more dependent on bab2 activity. Only bab2 plays an essential role in leg development; a bab1 mutant does not cause a mutant leg phenotype, whereas even weak bab2 mutants show leg defects. The strongest defects in ovaries, legs and abdomen that are associated with the "bab" locus are only seen in mutants that are null for both bab1 and bab2.

                (Couderc et al., 2002)

                Pigmentation patterns specified by bab1 affect mating preferences, suggesting that sexual selection has contributed to the evolution of bab1 regulation.

                (Kopp et al., 2000)

                bab1 expression is modulated segment- and sex-specifically in sexually dimorphic species but is uniform in sexually monomorphic species.

                (Kopp et al., 2000)

                bab1 integrates regulatory inputs from the homeotic and sex-determination pathways to control sexually dimorphic abdominal pigmentation and segment morphology.

                (Kopp et al., 2000)

                bab1 is required for the formation of the terminal filaments in the third larval instar ovary. The N terminal region of the protein encodes for a regulator of gene expression that contains the BTB domain.

                (Couderc et al., 1995)

                bab1 is cell autonomously required for the formation of terminal filaments and is crucial for the normal morphogenesis of the ovary.

                (Godt and Laski, 1995)

                bab1 is necessary for terminal filament cluster formation which is required in turn for ovariole morphogenesis to take place.

                (Sahut-Barnola et al., 1995)

                bab1 function is dosage-dependent and is required in a graded manner for the specification of tarsal segments. This and its expression pattern suggests that bab1 function may specify segment identity in the tarsus. Strong mutants and deletions for bab1 show a temperature-sensitive haploinsufficient dominant phenotype.

                (Godt et al., 1993)

                Mutations in bab1 disrupt the formation of the terminal filaments in larval ovaries and cause severe disorganised adult ovaries. bab1 has been cloned and shown to be expressed in the terminal filament cells.

                (Godt et al., 1992)
                Relationship to Other Genes
                Source for database merge of

                Source for merge of: bab1 anon-WO0118547.639

                (FlyBase, 1996-)

                Source for merge of: bab CG13910

                (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)
                Additional comments

                "fap" (female abdomen pattern) is very likely to correspond to the "bab" locus (which is composed of the paralogous "bab1" and "bab2" genes).

                (Couderc et al., 2002)

                Annotations CG9097 and CG13910 merged as CG9097 in release 3 of the genome annotation.

                (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

                Source for merge of bab1 anon-WO0118547.639 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

                (FlyBase, 1996-)
                Nomenclature History
                Source for database identify of
                Nomenclature comments
                Etymology
                Synonyms and Secondary IDs (22)
                Reported As
                Symbol Synonym
                BAB
                (Cheng et al., 2013, Dey et al., 2009)
                BAB-1
                (Slattery et al., 2014)
                BAB1
                (Percival-Smith, 2017, Bartoletti et al., 2012, Kim et al., 2010, Pointud et al., 2001)
                Bab1
                (Rebeiz and Williams, 2017, Chaharbakhshi and Jemc, 2016, Webber et al., 2013, Deloger et al., 2009)
                CG13910
                CG9097
                (Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Deloger et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5)
                anon-WO0118547.639
                bab
                (Lafuente et al., 2024, Dion et al., 2021, Hopkins and Kopp, 2021, Ho et al., 2018, Li et al., 2016, Verhulst and van de Zande, 2015, Corsetti and Azpiazu, 2013, Devi et al., 2013, Bartoletti et al., 2012, Eliazer and Buszczak, 2011, Gibert et al., 2011, Pueyo and Couso, 2011, Bosch et al., 2010, Robinett et al., 2010, Ebacher et al., 2007, Gibert et al., 2007, Schlötterer et al., 2007, Jeong et al., 2006, Keller, 2006, Kelly and Daniel, 2006, Galindo et al., 2005, Hatini et al., 2005, Bray and de Celis Ibeas, 2003, Cummins et al., 2003, Kopp et al., 2003, Williams et al., 2003, Wittkopp et al., 2003, Burtis, 2002, Christiansen et al., 2002, Chu et al., 2002, Galindo et al., 2002, Galindo et al., 2002, Panganiban and Rubenstein, 2002, Siegmund and Lehmann, 2002, Simpson, 2002, St Pierre et al., 2002, Bopp, 2001, Chen et al., 2001, Gibson and Palsson, 2001, Kopp et al., 2001, Shim et al., 2001, True et al., 2001, Galindo and Couso, 2000, Kopp et al., 2000, Mukherjee et al., 2000, Stern, 2000, King and Lin, 1999, Couso and Bishop, 1998, Duncan et al., 1998, Santamaria, 1998, Aplin and Kaufman, 1997, Buratovich and Bryant, 1997, Cavarec et al., 1997, Ito et al., 1996, Yamamoto et al., 1996, Couderc et al., 1995, Godt and Laski, 1995, Godt and Laski, 1995, Sahut-Barnola et al., 1995, Weber et al., 1995, Zollman et al., 1994, Godt et al., 1993, Godt et al., 1992)
                bab-I
                (Pointud et al., 1999, Pointud, 1998.9.23, Pointud et al., 1998)
                bab1
                (Brown et al., 2024, Petrosky et al., 2024, Hughes et al., 2023, Bourbon et al., 2022, Saha et al., 2022, Schember and Halfon, 2022, Ma et al., 2021, Camino et al., 2020, Knudsen et al., 2020, Kurmangaliyev et al., 2020, Miscopein Saler et al., 2020, Slaidina et al., 2020, Camara et al., 2019, Shokri et al., 2019, Allbee et al., 2018, Bischof et al., 2018, De Castro et al., 2018, Roeske et al., 2018, Webber et al., 2018, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Clandinin and Owens, 2016-, Massey and Wittkopp, 2016, Tsai et al., 2016, Dembeck et al., 2015, Schertel et al., 2015, Jiang and Singh, 2014, Rogers et al., 2014, Baanannou et al., 2013, Bastide et al., 2013, Devi et al., 2013, Li and Gilmour, 2013, Ohtani et al., 2013, Rogers et al., 2013, Spokony and White, 2013.7.5, Bartoletti et al., 2012, Kvon et al., 2012, Rojas-Ríos et al., 2012, Bickel et al., 2011, Chatterjee et al., 2011, Cherbas et al., 2011, Luo et al., 2011, McNeil et al., 2011, Nègre et al., 2011, Pruteanu-Malinici et al., 2011, The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Bickel et al., 2009, Guo and Wang, 2009, Bickel et al., 2008, Randsholt and Santamaria, 2008, Williams et al., 2008, Bolivar et al., 2006, Jeong et al., 2006)
                bric
                (Corrales et al., 2022)
                bric-a-brac
                (Bonchuk et al., 2011, Eliazer and Buszczak, 2011)
                Name Synonyms
                Bric a brac
                (Dey et al., 2009)
                Bric a brac 1
                (Kim et al., 2010)
                Bric a brac1
                (Kaplow et al., 2007)
                Bric-a-brac
                (Bonchuk et al., 2011, Eliazer and Buszczak, 2011)
                Bric-a-brac 1
                (Bonchuk et al., 2024)
                bric a brac
                (Corsetti and Azpiazu, 2013, Carpenter et al., 2009, Keller, 2006, Lehmann, 2004, Wittkopp et al., 2003)
                bric a brac 1
                (Bickel et al., 2009, Burnette et al., 2005, Couderc et al., 2002)
                bric a brac I
                (Pointud, 1998.9.23, Pointud et al., 1998)
                bric-a-brac
                (Verhulst and van de Zande, 2015, Devi et al., 2013, Bickel et al., 2011, Gibert et al., 2011, Robinett et al., 2010, Ebacher et al., 2007, Gibert et al., 2007, Schlötterer et al., 2007, Garvey et al., 2005, Zarkower, 2001, Williamson and Lehmann, 1996)
                bric-a-brac 1
                (Bastide et al., 2013, Bolivar et al., 2006, Burnette et al., 2005)
                bric-a-brac1
                (Dembeck et al., 2015)
                Secondary FlyBase IDs
                • FBgn0035183
                • FBgn0061802
                Datasets (1)
                Study focus (1)
                Experimental Role
                Project
                Project Type
                Title
                • bait_protein
                modENCODE_regulation_TFs
                Genome-wide localization of transcription factors by ChIP-chip and ChIP-Seq.
                Study result (0)
                Result
                Result Type
                Title
                External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 61 )
                Sequence Crossreferences
                NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                Other crossreferences
                AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                Linkouts
                BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
                References (222)