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Gene Dmel\cas

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\cas	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	castor	Annotation symbol	CG2102
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0004878
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	12 publicly available
Also Known As	ming, l(3)neo33
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3R	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	83C1-83C1	Sequence location	3R:1,538,697..1,542,527 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene castor is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\cas (CG2102, FBgn0004878). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: DNA binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: central nervous system development; mushroom body development; post-embryonic development; neuroblast development; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent. 32 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system subdivision; organ system; multicellular structure; embryonic/larval neuron; anatomical structure; sense organ; adult segment; adult; eo support cell; non-connected developing system; external compound sense organ. It has 2 annotated transcripts and 2 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: AT hook, DNA-binding motif; Zinc finger, C2H2; Zinc finger, C2H2-like. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of no expression detected. Peak expression observed within 06-18 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1641344_a_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of cas. Gene sequence location is 3R:1538697..1542527.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03	Alleles cas[tKb] cas[+tKa] Transgenic Constructs P{cas-RFP.8} P{cas-RFP.2} P{cas-RFP.7b} P{cas-RFP.4} P{cas.+tKa} P{cas-RFP.5b} P{cas-RFP.7a} P{cas.tKb} P{cas-RFP.5a} P{cas-RFP.1} P{cas-RFP.5} P{cas-RFP.6} P{cas-RFP.7} P{cas-RFP.5c}
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 83C1-83C1   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Atus1938 and P{lacW}casj1C2
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 83C1-83C2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Spradling et al., 1999) 83C1-83C2     (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) 83C-83C   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Mellerick et al., 1992) 83C-83C   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Cui and Doe, 1992) 83C-83C   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Cooley et al., 1988)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\cas for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.47 Gene model reviewed during 5.49
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) cas-RA FBtr0078725  NM_079938   3151   793 cas-RC FBtr0339518  NM_001275371   2845   691
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	3.7 (northern blot) (Mellerick et al., 1992) 3.3 (northern blot) (Cui and Doe, 1992)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein cas-PA   FBpp0078374   87.9   793   7.22     NP_524677   AAF51966 cas-PC   FBpp0308601   76.9   691   7.25     NP_001262300   AGB95683
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	799 (aa); 88 (kD) (Mellerick et al., 1992)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Zinc finger, C2H2 (IPR007087) AT hook, DNA-binding motif (IPR017956) Zinc finger, C2H2-like (IPR015880)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA951417   AE014297 AAF51966   AE014297 AGB95683   AI456189   AQ026292   AW943319   AY051865 AAK93289   BI485187   BI486499   BI580732   CO178857   CO186522   CO187426   CO267256   CO271347   CO301361   CO323922   CO343873   CZ471944   CZ474540   CZ476621   CZ477402   EC080491   EC081184   EC220415   EC222006   EC222214   EC223736   EC235625   EC240726   EC253830   L04487   Z15091
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	Q7M3M8
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References regulatory region FBsf0000435084 3R:1,548,661..1,549,522 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Kuzin et al., 2012, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435330 3R:1,542,351..1,542,872 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Kuzin et al., 2012, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435459 3R:1,552,159..1,552,668 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Kuzin et al., 2012, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435944 3R:1,544,541..1,545,139 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Kuzin et al., 2012, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436013 3R:1,546,754..1,547,422 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Kuzin et al., 2012, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436026 3R:1,553,113..1,554,126 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Kuzin et al., 2012, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436405 3R:1,554,785..1,555,690 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Kuzin et al., 2012, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436409 3R:1,545,676..1,546,748 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Kuzin et al., 2012, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436434 3R:1,543,300..1,544,438 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Kuzin et al., 2012, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436689 3R:1,550,056..1,551,541 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Kuzin et al., 2012, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436767 3R:1,546,754..1,549,522 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Brody et al., 2012, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000436811 3R:1,547,382..1,548,661 evidence=Reporter construct (in vivo) (Kuzin et al., 2012, Halfon, 2012.6.19)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   midline glial cell   (Mellerick et al., 1992) neuroblast NB3-2   (Cui and Doe, 1992) neuroblast NB2-1   (Cui and Doe, 1992) presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system   (Cui and Doe, 1992) neuroblast MNB   (Cui and Doe, 1992) ganglion mother cell   (Cui and Doe, 1992) neuroblast NB5-3   (Cui and Doe, 1992) neuroblast NB3-4   (Cui and Doe, 1992) ventral midline   (Mellerick et al., 1992) neuroblast NB6-1   (Cui and Doe, 1992) neuroblast NB5-1   (Cui and Doe, 1992) procephalic neurogenic region   (Mellerick et al., 1992) neuroblast NB7-2   (Cui and Doe, 1992) neuroblast NB2-4   (Cui and Doe, 1992) in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   neuroblast NB1-1   (Cui and Doe, 1992) neuroblast NB4-1   (Cui and Doe, 1992) neuroblast   (Cui and Doe, 1992, Mellerick et al., 1992) neuroblast NB2-3   (Cui and Doe, 1992) neuroblast NB7-1   (Cui and Doe, 1992) neuroblast NB3-1   (Cui and Doe, 1992) neuroblast NB7-4   (Cui and Doe, 1992) neuroblast NB5-2   (Cui and Doe, 1992) ventral midline   (Cui and Doe, 1992) neuroblast NB5-6   (Cui and Doe, 1992) neuroblast NB3-3   (Cui and Doe, 1992) central nervous system | restricted   (Mellerick et al., 1992) supraesophageal ganglion   (Mellerick et al., 1992) embryonic stage 1 -- 3   organism   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:maternally deposited embryonic stage 4   organism | ventral   • nucleus | subset (Lecuyer et al., 2007) embryonic stage 4 -- 6   anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) mesectoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:anlage in statu nascendi organism | gap expression pattern   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | faint & ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral ectoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:anlage in statu nascendi embryonic stage 5   organism | 10-40% egg length   (Mellerick et al., 1992) Comment:12-35% egg length embryonic stage 7 -- 8   antennal anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage central brain anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage dorsal head epidermis anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage visual anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage mesectoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | gap expression pattern   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral ectoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as ventral nerve cord anlage embryonic stage 9   neuroblast   • nucleus (Lecuyer et al., 2007) embryonic stage 9 -- 10   antennal primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium central brain primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium visual primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium dorsal head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium lateral head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium ventral head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium mesectoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   central brain primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic central brain glial cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic ganglion mother cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic neuroblast of ventral nerve cord primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) lateral cord glial cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) lateral cord neuron   (Fisher et al., 2012) midline primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) procephalic neuroblast   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   embryonic brain   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic central brain   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic central brain glial cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic central brain neuron   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval nervous system   (Fisher et al., 2012) lateral cord glial cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) lateral cord neuron   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord   (Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
	The highest levels of cas mRNA expression coincide with embryonic CNS development but low levels can be detected in third instar larvae and adults. Expression occurs in a restricted set of neuroblasts and glia in the cephalic regions and the ventral nerve cord. Expression is seen in both the lateral CNS and the midline and the midline expression shows an anterior to posterior gradient. (Mellerick et al., 1992) cas transcripts are first detected at stage 9 in a subset of midline cells. Slightly later, one neuroblast in every hemisegment expresses cas. By late stage 11, cas transcripts are expressed in 17 identified neuroblasts in every hemisegment of the CNS. Transcript levels decrease by stage 14 and are undetectable by stage 16. Transcripts are detected only in midline cells, ganglion mother cells and neuroblasts and not in the neurogenic ectoderm or neurons. (Cui and Doe, 1992)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 9   neuroblast   (Lecuyer et al., 2007) embryonic stage 9 -- 11   procephalic neurogenic region | restricted   (Urbach and Technau, 2003) tritocerebral neuroblast | subset   (Urbach and Technau, 2003) protocerebral neuroblast | subset   (Urbach and Technau, 2003) deuterocerebral neuroblast | subset   (Urbach and Technau, 2003) embryonic stage 11   neuroblast NB1-2   (Chang et al., 2000) neuroblast NB2-1   (Chang et al., 2000) neuroblast NB3-2   (Chang et al., 2000) neuroblast NB3-3   (Chang et al., 2000) neuroblast NB3-4   (Chang et al., 2000) neuroblast NB4-1   (Chang et al., 2000) neuroblast NB5-1   (Chang et al., 2000) neuroblast NB5-2   (Chang et al., 2000) neuroblast NB5-3   (Chang et al., 2000) neuroblast NB6-1   (Chang et al., 2000) neuroblast NB7-1   (Chang et al., 2000) neuroblast NB7-2   (Chang et al., 2000) neuroblast NB7-4   (Chang et al., 2000) stage 3 neuroblast   (Chang et al., 2000) stage 4 neuroblast   (Chang et al., 2000) stage 5 neuroblast   (Chang et al., 2000) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   neuroblast NB3-3 of embryonic abdomen   (Tsuji et al., 2008) embryonic stage 11 -- 13   neuroblast NB3-3 of embryonic thorax   (Tsuji et al., 2008) embryonic stage 13 -- 14   neuroblast NB3-3 of embryonic abdomen   (Tsuji et al., 2008) embryonic stage 15 -- second instar larval stage   neuroblast NB3-3 of thorax   (Tsuji et al., 2008) embryonic stage 16 -- 17   embryonic/larval central nervous system | restricted   (Hitier et al., 2001) third instar larval stage   embryonic/larval central nervous system | restricted   (Hitier et al., 2001) prepupal stage P1 -- pupal stage P6   central nervous system | restricted   (Hitier et al., 2001)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Expression in procephalic neuroblasts stage 9-11: tritocerebrum - d2, d4, v4; deuterocerebrum - d1, d2, d4-7,v3, v6-8; protocerebrum - ad5, ad6, ad8-11, ad13, ad16-18, av1, cd2-4, cd6-8, cd10-21, cv1-4, cv6-9, pd1-14, pd17-19, pv1, pv3 (Urbach and Technau, 2003) cas is seen to be expressed in two waves in the thoracic neuroblast NB3-3, not being detected in late embryonic stage 13 to late embryonic stage 14. However, in the abdominal neuroblast NB3-3 the first wave ends earlier (end of stage 12), and the second wave both begins and ends earlier (late stage 13 to early stage 14). (Tsuji et al., 2008) In larvae, cas is expressed in disseminated cells on the ventral side of the VNC. On the dorsal side of the third instar larval brain, cas is expressed in five linearly organised cell clusters on both sides of the interhemispheric junction. Expression of cas gradually disappears from the CNS during pupation, and no clear signal is seen in adult brain. (Hitier et al., 2001)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from direct assay (assigned by UniProtKB) (Kambadur et al., 1998)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{lacW}cas1530 Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   ganglion mother cell   (Cui and Doe, 1992) central nervous system   (Cui and Doe, 1992) ventral midline   (Cui and Doe, 1992) neuroblast   (Cui and Doe, 1992) embryonic stage 9 -- 11   deuterocerebral neuroblast | subset   (Urbach and Technau, 2003) tritocerebral neuroblast | subset   (Urbach and Technau, 2003) procephalic neurogenic region | restricted   (Urbach and Technau, 2003) protocerebral neuroblast | subset   (Urbach and Technau, 2003) embryonic stage 10 -- 11   neuroblast NB7-4   (Cui and Doe, 1992) neuroblast NB6-1   (Cui and Doe, 1992) neuroblast NB1-1   (Cui and Doe, 1992) embryonic stage 11   neuroblast MNB   (Cui and Doe, 1992) neuroblast NB7-1   (Cui and Doe, 1992) Comment:late stage 11 neuroblast NB2-3   (Cui and Doe, 1992) Comment:late stage 11 neuroblast NB5-1   (Cui and Doe, 1992) Comment:late stage 11 neuroblast NB3-2   (Cui and Doe, 1992) Comment:late stage 11 neuroblast NB5-6   (Cui and Doe, 1992) Comment:late stage 11 neuroblast NB2-4   (Cui and Doe, 1992) Comment:late stage 11 neuroblast NB3-3   (Cui and Doe, 1992) Comment:late stage 11 neuroblast NB3-1   (Cui and Doe, 1992) Comment:late stage 11 neuroblast NB3-4   (Cui and Doe, 1992) neuroblast NB4-1   (Cui and Doe, 1992) neuroblast NB5-3   (Cui and Doe, 1992) Comment:late stage 11 neuroblast NB2-1   (Cui and Doe, 1992)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    402.45 Larval Midgut    0.9 Larval Hindgut    0.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2 Larval Fat Body    1.6 Larval Salivary Gland    1 Larval Trachea    1.225 Larval Carcass    0.85 Adult Head    2.3 Adult Eye    1.325 Adult Brain    1.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    3.9 Adult Crop    2.2 Adult Midgut    1.5 Adult Hindgut    1.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.6 Adult Fat Body    3.9 Adult Salivary Gland    4.4 Adult Heart    1.275 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    3.2 Adult Ovary    3.3 Adult Testis    1.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.8 Adult Carcass    3.4 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    402.45 Larval Midgut    0.9 Larval Hindgut    0.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2 Larval Fat Body    1.6 Larval Salivary Gland    1 Larval Trachea    1.225 Larval Carcass    0.85 Adult Head    2.3 Adult Eye    1.325 Adult Brain    1.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    3.9 Adult Crop    2.2 Adult Midgut    1.5 Adult Hindgut    1.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.6 Adult Fat Body    3.9 Adult Salivary Gland    4.4 Adult Heart    1.275 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    3.2 Adult Ovary    3.3 Adult Testis    1.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.8 Adult Carcass    3.4 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    402.45 Larval Midgut    0.9 Larval Hindgut    0.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2 Larval Fat Body    1.6 Larval Salivary Gland    1 Larval Trachea    1.225 Larval Carcass    0.85 Adult Head    2.3 Adult Eye    1.325 Adult Brain    1.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    3.9 Adult Crop    2.2 Adult Midgut    1.5 Adult Hindgut    1.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.6 Adult Fat Body    3.9 Adult Salivary Gland    4.4 Adult Heart    1.275 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    3.2 Adult Ovary    3.3 Adult Testis    1.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.8 Adult Carcass    3.4 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    402.45 Larval Midgut    0.9 Larval Hindgut    0.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2 Larval Fat Body    1.6 Larval Salivary Gland    1 Larval Trachea    1.225 Larval Carcass    0.85 Adult Head    2.3 Adult Eye    1.325 Adult Brain    1.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    3.9 Adult Crop    2.2 Adult Midgut    1.5 Adult Hindgut    1.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.6 Adult Fat Body    3.9 Adult Salivary Gland    4.4 Adult Heart    1.275 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    3.2 Adult Ovary    3.3 Adult Testis    1.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.8 Adult Carcass    3.4 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    402.45 Larval Midgut    0.9 Larval Hindgut    0.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2 Larval Fat Body    1.6 Larval Salivary Gland    1 Larval Trachea    1.225 Larval Carcass    0.85 Adult Head    2.3 Adult Eye    1.325 Adult Brain    1.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    3.9 Adult Crop    2.2 Adult Midgut    1.5 Adult Hindgut    1.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.6 Adult Fat Body    3.9 Adult Salivary Gland    4.4 Adult Heart    1.275 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    3.2 Adult Ovary    3.3 Adult Testis    1.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.8 Adult Carcass    3.4 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    402.45 Larval Midgut    0.9 Larval Hindgut    0.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2 Larval Fat Body    1.6 Larval Salivary Gland    1 Larval Trachea    1.225 Larval Carcass    0.85 Adult Head    2.3 Adult Eye    1.325 Adult Brain    1.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    3.9 Adult Crop    2.2 Adult Midgut    1.5 Adult Hindgut    1.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.6 Adult Fat Body    3.9 Adult Salivary Gland    4.4 Adult Heart    1.275 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    3.2 Adult Ovary    3.3 Adult Testis    1.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.8 Adult Carcass    3.4 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    402.45 Larval Midgut    0.9 Larval Hindgut    0.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2 Larval Fat Body    1.6 Larval Salivary Gland    1 Larval Trachea    1.225 Larval Carcass    0.85 Adult Head    2.3 Adult Eye    1.325 Adult Brain    1.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    3.9 Adult Crop    2.2 Adult Midgut    1.5 Adult Hindgut    1.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.6 Adult Fat Body    3.9 Adult Salivary Gland    4.4 Adult Heart    1.275 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    3.2 Adult Ovary    3.3 Adult Testis    1.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.8 Adult Carcass    3.4 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    402.45 Larval Midgut    0.9 Larval Hindgut    0.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2 Larval Fat Body    1.6 Larval Salivary Gland    1 Larval Trachea    1.225 Larval Carcass    0.85 Adult Head    2.3 Adult Eye    1.325 Adult Brain    1.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    3.9 Adult Crop    2.2 Adult Midgut    1.5 Adult Hindgut    1.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.6 Adult Fat Body    3.9 Adult Salivary Gland    4.4 Adult Heart    1.275 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    3.2 Adult Ovary    3.3 Adult Testis    1.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.8 Adult Carcass    3.4 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    2.3   NA  Eye    1.325   NA  Brain    1.1   402.45  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    3.9   NA  Crop    2.2   0.9  Midgut    1.5   0.5  Hindgut    1.8   2  Malpighian Tubules    1.6   1.6  Fat Body    3.9   1  Salivary Gland    4.4   NA  Heart    1.275   1.225  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.8   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    3.2   NA  Ovary    3.3   NA  Testis    1.6   NA  Male Accessory Gland    2.8   0.85  Carcass    3.4 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    6 central nervous system, larvae L3    91 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    1 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    13 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    1 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    6 central nervous system, larvae L3  (91) central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    1 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    13 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    1 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    6 central nervous system, larvae L3    91 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    1 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    13 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    1 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    6 central nervous system, larvae L3    91 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    1 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    13 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    1 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    6 central nervous system, larvae L3    91 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    1 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    13 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    1 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    6 central nervous system, larvae L3  (91) central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    1 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    13 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    1 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    6 central nervous system, larvae L3    91 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    1 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    13 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    1 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    6 central nervous system, larvae L3    91 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    0 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    0 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    1 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    13 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    1 ovary, mated 4-day female    1 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of no expression detected. Peak expression observed within 06-18 hour embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    56 embryo 08-10hr    55 embryo 10-12hr    33 embryo 12-14hr    31 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    5 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    0 pupae 3d postWPP    0 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr  (56) embryo 08-10hr  (55) embryo 10-12hr  (33) embryo 12-14hr  (31) embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    5 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    0 pupae 3d postWPP    0 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    56 embryo 08-10hr    55 embryo 10-12hr    33 embryo 12-14hr    31 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    5 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    0 pupae 3d postWPP    0 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    56 embryo 08-10hr    55 embryo 10-12hr    33 embryo 12-14hr    31 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    5 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    0 pupae 3d postWPP    0 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    56 embryo 08-10hr    55 embryo 10-12hr    33 embryo 12-14hr    31 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    5 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    0 pupae 3d postWPP    0 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr  (56) embryo 08-10hr  (55) embryo 10-12hr  (33) embryo 12-14hr  31 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    5 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    0 pupae 3d postWPP    0 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    56 embryo 08-10hr    55 embryo 10-12hr    33 embryo 12-14hr    31 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    5 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    0 pupae 3d postWPP    0 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    56 embryo 08-10hr    55 embryo 10-12hr    33 embryo 12-14hr    31 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    5 larva L2    3 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    0 pupae 3d postWPP    0 pupae 4d postWPP    0 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    2 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    2 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    17 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    39 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    2 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    2 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    17 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS  (39) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    2 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    2 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    17 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    39 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    2 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    2 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    17 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    39 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    2 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    2 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    17 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    39 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    2 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    2 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    17 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS  (39) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    2 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    2 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    17 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    39 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    2 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    2 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    17 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    39 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    7 cold shock, 4-day adult    6 heat shock, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    7 cold shock, 4-day adult    6 heat shock, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    7 cold shock, 4-day adult    6 heat shock, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    7 cold shock, 4-day adult    6 heat shock, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    7 cold shock, 4-day adult    6 heat shock, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    7 cold shock, 4-day adult    6 heat shock, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    7 cold shock, 4-day adult    6 heat shock, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    7 cold shock, 4-day adult    6 heat shock, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_31 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_06
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • LD36057 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0004878 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG2102-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for cas Stages(s) 1-3 Stages(s) 4-6 Stages(s) 7-8 Stages(s) 9-10 Stages(s) 11-12 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PU casGD1398 lethal | embryonic stage | recessive cas24 cas39 cas78 cas2092 casΔ1 casΔ2 casΔ3 casΔ4 casΔ5 lethal | male, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, Scer\GAL4ey.PH casGD1398 lethal | recessive casj1C2 casneo33 casΔ1 casΔ3 lethal - all die during larval stage (with castKb) casΔ1 lethal - all die during larval stage (with casΔ1) castKb partially lethal - majority die | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 casGD1398 Other Phenotypes Allele neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage cas20-1 cas39 neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E casScer\UAS.cKa neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4pros.PMG casScer\UAS.cKa some die during first instar larval stage (with castKb) casΔ1 some die during first instar larval stage (with casΔ1) castKb some die during second instar larval stage (with castKb) casΔ1 some die during second instar larval stage (with casΔ1) castKb visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 casGD1398 Phenotype manifest in Allele ellipsoid body | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone cas290 ellipsoid body | somatic clone cas290 EL neuron | embryonic stage | supernumerary cas20-1 eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF, Scer\GAL4ey.PH casGD1398 macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 casGD1398 mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 casGD1398 mushroom body (with cas290) cas3921 mushroom body (with cas3921) cas290 mushroom body | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone cas290 mushroom body | somatic clone cas290 mushroom body beta'-lobe (with cas290) cas3921 mushroom body beta'-lobe (with cas3921) cas290 mushroom body beta'-lobe | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone cas290 mushroom body beta-lobe (with cas290) cas3921 mushroom body beta-lobe (with cas3921) cas290 mushroom body beta-lobe | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone cas290 neuroblast cas24 neuroblast NB3-3 | embryonic stage cas20-1 neuroblast NB5-6 of thorax | supernumerary casΔ1 posterior commissure cas24 cas39 cas78 presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system casΔ1 casΔ2 casΔ3 casΔ4 casΔ5 subesophageal ganglion neuron casΔ1 subesophageal ganglion neuron, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 casScer\UAS.cKa thoracic neuroblast | embryonic stage cas20-1 trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 casGD1398 U4 neuron, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E casScer\UAS.cKa U4 neuron, with Scer\GAL4pros.PMG casScer\UAS.cKa U4 neuron | supernumerary cas39 U5 neuron, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E casScer\UAS.cKa U5 neuron, with Scer\GAL4pros.PMG casScer\UAS.cKa
Classical Alleles ( 26 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of cas Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion casd09216 P-element activity 1 -- casd10725 P-element activity 1 -- casj1C2 P-element activity 1 -- casMI04739 1 -- casNP0410 1 -- casNP6656 1 -- cas24 amorphic allele - genetic evidence Delta2-3 0 Yes cas39 amorphic allele - genetic evidence Delta2-3 0 Yes cas78 amorphic allele - genetic evidence Delta2-3 0 Yes casΔ1 amorphic allele - genetic evidence Delta2-3 0 Yes casΔ3 amorphic allele - genetic evidence Delta2-3 0 Yes casΔ4 amorphic allele - genetic evidence Delta2-3 0 Yes casΔ5 amorphic allele - genetic evidence Delta2-3 0 Yes cas1530 Delta2-3 0 Yes cas20-1 P-element activity 0 Yes cas2092 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence Delta2-3 0 Yes cas290 0 -- cas3921 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence P-element activity 0 -- cas3 0 -- casd00987 P-element activity 0 -- casd05453 P-element activity 0 -- casDG06804 0 -- casneo33 P-element activity 0 -- casNP3569 0 -- casNP6646 0 -- casΔ2 Delta2-3 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 8 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of cas Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion casGD1398 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes casHMS01180 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes casJF01711 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes casJF02083 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes casKK107888 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes cas+tKa in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes casScer\UAS.cKa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes castKb in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3R)BSC47 (Andrade et al., 2004.1.19) Df(3R)BSC464 (Christensen et al., 2008.4.15) Df(3R)BSC525 (Christensen et al., 2008.6.11) Df(3R)ED5196 (Roote, 2004.7.20, Ryder and Roote, 2004.11.10) Df(3R)Exel7283 (Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD1398} NA P{KK107888} NA P{TRiP.HMS01180} NA P{TRiP.JF01711} NA P{TRiP.JF02083} NA P{UAS-cas.K} NA GAL4 construct P{cas-GAL4.1} No P{cas-GAL4.2} No P{cas-GAL4.3} No P{cas-GAL4.4} No P{cas-GAL4.5} No P{cas-GAL4.6.cKa} No P{cas-GAL4.6} No P{cas-GAL4.8.cKa} No P{cas-GAL4.8} No characterization construct P{cas.+tKa} NA P{cas.tKb} NA P{cas-RFP.1} NA P{cas-RFP.2} NA P{cas-RFP.4} NA P{cas-RFP.5} NA P{cas-RFP.5a} NA P{cas-RFP.5b} NA P{cas-RFP.5c} NA P{cas-RFP.6} NA P{cas-RFP.7} NA P{cas-RFP.7a} NA P{cas-RFP.7b} NA P{cas-RFP.8} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of enhancer trap P{lacW}cas1530 No P{lacW}cas2092 No P{lacW}casj1C2 No insertion of mobile activating element P{Mae-UAS.6.11}B2037B2037 NA P{XP}casd00987 NA P{XP}casd05453 NA P{XP}casd09216 NA P{XP}casd10725 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system P{GAL4}cas3921 No P{GawB}casNP0410 No P{GawB}casNP3569 No P{GawB}casNP6646 No P{GawB}casNP6656 No miscellaneous insertions Mi{MIC}casMI04739 NA P{?lacW}cas39 NA P{hsneo}casneo33 NA P{wHy}casDG06804 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 14 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 7 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
DNA binding inferred from direct assay (assigned by UniProtKB) (Kambadur et al., 1998)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
central nervous system development inferred from mutant phenotype (assigned by UniProtKB) (Mellerick et al., 1992) mushroom body development inferred from genetic interaction with drl AND inferred from genetic interaction with nob AND inferred from mutant phenotype (Hitier et al., 2001) negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent inferred from mutant phenotype (assigned by UniProtKB) (Kambadur et al., 1998) neuroblast development inferred from mutant phenotype (Tsuji et al., 2008) post-embryonic development inferred from mutant phenotype (Hitier et al., 2001)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from direct assay (assigned by UniProtKB) (Kambadur et al., 1998)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 8 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity non-traceable author statement (assigned by UniProtKB) (Mellerick et al., 1992) zinc ion binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR007087, InterPro:IPR015880 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
ganglion mother cell fate determination traceable author statement (Skeath and Thor, 2003) regulation of development, heterochronic non-traceable author statement (Abbott, 2003) regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent non-traceable author statement (assigned by UniProtKB) (Mellerick et al., 1992) regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter non-traceable author statement (FlyBase, 1992-) ventral cord development non-traceable author statement (Skeath and Thor, 2003)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus non-traceable author statement (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (assigned by UniProtKB) (Mellerick et al., 1992)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
cas - Atx2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) cas - CG11266 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) cas - Rbp1-like anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) cas - RpL7-like anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) cas - mRpS24 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) cas - mTerf3 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions cas allele Gene References cas3921 drl (Hitier et al., 2001) nob (Hitier et al., 2001)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 68781 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0004878 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0004878 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 44018
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (35) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6QZ85S Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6XD40P Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6TTFDB Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6DJHBV Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG61P6DJ
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6QZ85S)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\cas     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD19588 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM10598 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE24144 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF18652 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA15242 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL23017 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK14078 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH18114 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH18116
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6XD40P)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL005345   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP009561   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ801530
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6TTFDB)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB52708   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG001223   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH19881   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP16373   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO21831   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL18994   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH15314   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB16660   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI002986   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA004549   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM193860   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\GLEAN_15058
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6DJHBV)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\JGI_V11_63242   Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\4933411G11Rik   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW009730
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG61P6DJ)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_024480gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\casz1   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\casz1   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\ENSGALG00000002888   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\ENSMUSG00000028977   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\RGD1563533   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\CASZ1
Human Orthologs (1)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\CASZ1
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD19588 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM10598 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG10881 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE24144 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF18652 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA15242 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL23017 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK14078 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ23287 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI23829 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH18114
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 12 )
Bloomington	26310 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF02083}attP2 31195 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF01711}attP2 34701 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.HMS01180}attP2 12116 y1 w*; P{lacW}casj1C2/TM3, Sb1 37849 y1 w*; Mi{MIC}casMI04739/TM3, Sb1 Ser1
Harvard	- P{XP}casd09216 - P{XP}casd10725
Kyoto	114021 y* w*; P{GawB}casNP6656 / TM6C, Sb1 112177 y* w*; P{GawB}casNP0410 / TM6, P{UAS-lacZ.UW23-1}UW23-1
VDRC	v100305 P{KK107888}VIE-260B v2929 w1118; P{GD1398}v2929 v2928 w1118; P{GD1398}v2928/TM3
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR02L23 BACR03P13 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 23 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD36057
Other clones	DPiM_LD36057
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	LD31868 RE68474 RE69936 RE74956
Other clones	37280 39795 65320 72311 214445.66 CK01.22C.C7 CK01.34B.A10 CK01.73B.D7 CK01.167C.F11 EK020612 EK029226 EK057810 EK103122 EK149250 EK180808 EK191954 EP18253
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0004878 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 44018
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
	"ming" means "fate" in Chinese. (Cui and Doe, 1992) "plx" ("pollux") and "cas" ("castor") are named after the Greek mythological brothers due to their close apposition. (Mellerick et al., 1992)
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: cas CG2102 (Bayraktaroglu, 2000.4.3) Source for merge of: cas l(3)neo33 (Spradling et al., 1999)
Additional comments
Other Comments
	nub/pdm2 and cas regulate late-born motor neuron identity within the NB7-1 lineage; nub/pdm2 specifies fourth-born U4 motor neuron identity, while nub/pdm2/cas together specify fifth-born U5 motor neuron identity. (Grosskortenhaus et al., 2006) cas is involved in post-embryonic brain development. (Hitier et al., 2001) The embryonic CNS contains sequentially generated neuroblast sublineages that can be distinguished by their expression of either hb, nub or cas. hb and cas may directly silence nub expression in early and late developing sublineages, given that nub cis-regulatory DNA contains approximately 32 hb/cas-binding sites and its enhancer(s) are ectopically activated in cas- neuroblasts. Targeted misexpression of cas in all neuronal lineages reduces nub expression without altering hb expression. By ensuring correct POU gene expression boundaries hb and cas maintain temporal subdivisions in the cell-identity circuitry controlling CNS development. (Kambadur et al., 1998) cas, eve, unpg and ac are expressed in specific neuroblast sublineages. Expression studies using pbl and stg mutants suggest that neuroblasts have an intrinsic gene regulatory hierarchy controlling unpg and ac expression but that cell cycle- or cytokinesis-dependent mechanisms are required for cas and eve CNS expression. (Cui and Doe, 1995) Sequence analysis of cas demonstrates that cas encodes a putative zinc finger protein which shares homology with members of the TFIIIA superfamily. (Cui and Doe, 1992) cas was identified by an enhancer trap insertion expressed in a subset of neuroblasts at reproducible points in their cell lineage, and is proposed to control cell fate within neuroblast cell lineages. cas is required for the correct CNS expression of engrailed, and loss of cas function results in precise alterations in CNS gene expression, defects in axonogenesis and embryonic lethality. (Cui and Doe, 1992) Expression analysed in CNS study of neuroblasts and ganglion mother cells, using an enhancer trap to reveal the expression pattern. (Doe, 1992) cas encodes a putative transcription factor whose expression is required for normal development of a subset of neuronal precursors. (Mellerick et al., 1992) castor mutations cause loss of axonal density & aberrant engrailed expression late in CNS development.
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_079938 NM_001275371 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_524677 NP_001262300 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAF51966 AAK93289 AGB95683 AI456189 AQ026292 AW943319 AY051865 CZ471944 CZ474540 CZ476621 CZ477402 L04487 Z15091 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 44018 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • Q7M3M8
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Zinc finger, C2H2 (IPR007087) AT hook, DNA-binding motif (IPR017956) Zinc finger, C2H2-like (IPR015880) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • LD36057
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 68781 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0004878 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0004878 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0004878 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0004878 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG2102-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0004878 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 44018 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /neural/ming.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 44018 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0004878
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 8 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	cas (Grosskortenhaus et al., 2006, Almeida and Bray, 2005, Odenwald, 2005, Brody et al., 2012, Baumgardt et al., 2008, Stark et al., 2007, Christensen et al., 2008.4.15, Lecuyer et al., 2007, Grieder et al., 2007, Dietzl et al., 2007, Christensen et al., 2008.6.11, von Hilchen et al., 2008, FlyBase Curators, 2008, Hwang and Rulifson, 2011, Benito-Sipos et al., 2011, Maurange et al., 2008, Tran and Doe, 2008, Tsuji et al., 2008, Aerts et al., 2009, Stagg et al., 2011, Kantorovitz et al., 2009, Park et al., 2009, Grosskortenhaus et al., 2005, Baumgardt et al., 2009, Beckervordersandforth et al., 2008, Nakajima et al., 2010, Grad et al., 2004, Karlsson et al., 2010, Tran et al., 2010, Losada-Pérez et al., 2010, Ahn et al., 2010, Kim et al., 2012, Kao et al., 2012, Kuzin et al., 2012) Cas (Skeath and Thor, 2003, Isshiki et al., 2001, Brody and Odnewald, 1999, Wheeler et al., 2006, Kohwi et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2007, Wheeler et al., 2008, Kitajima et al., 2010, Touma et al., 2012) CG2102 (Grieder et al., 2007, Perkins et al., 2009.3.31, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2008, Ni et al., 2010.12.1) l(3)j1C2   l(3)neo33 (Dorer et al., 1995, Meister and Braun, 1995.10, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Cooley et al., 1988, ) ming (Vidwans and Su, 2001, Schmid and Doe, 1998, Sweeney et al., 1997, Lee et al., 1997, Odenwald et al., 1996, Broadus et al., 1995, Cui and Doe, 1995, Cui and Doe, 1993, Jan and Jan, 1994, Doe and Technau, 1993, Goodman and Doe, 1993, Cui and Doe, 1992, Jung et al., 2007, Lee et al., 1999)
Name Synonym	Castor (Fichelson et al., 2005, Odenwald, 2005, Wheeler et al., 2006, Doe, 2006, Cheng et al., 2008, Lorbeck et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2007, Wheeler et al., 2008, Tran and Doe, 2008, Tsuji et al., 2008, Kanai et al., 2005, Losada-Pérez et al., 2010) castor (Mellerick, 1992.11.16, Mellerick et al., 1992, Ulvklo et al., 2008, von Hilchen et al., 2008, Benito-Sipos et al., 2011, Park et al., 2009, Baumgardt et al., 2009, Beckervordersandforth et al., 2008, Karlsson et al., 2010, Ahn et al., 2010)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0005769 FBgn0011311 FBgn0011466 FBgn0014137 FBgn0037367
References ( 172 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 172 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 76 ) Supplementary material  ( 5 ) Review  ( 25 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 22 ) Abstract  ( 38 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 13 )
	Brody et al., 2012, Dev. Dyn. 241(1): 169--189 Use of a Drosophila genome-wide conserved sequence database to identify functionally related cis-regulatory enhancers. [FBrf0216969] Fontana and Crews, 2012, Dev. Biol. 372(1): 131--142 Transcriptome analysis of Drosophila CNS midline cells reveals diverse peptidergic properties and a role for castor in neuronal differentiation. [FBrf0219766] Kao et al., 2012, Neuron 73(4): 677--684 Hierarchical deployment of factors regulating temporal fate in a diverse neuronal lineage of the Drosophila central brain. [FBrf0217643] Kim et al., 2012, BMC Syst. Biol. 6: 31 Spatiotemporal network motif reveals the biological traits of developmental gene regulatory networks in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0219366] Kuzin et al., 2012, Gene Expr. Patterns 12(7-8): 261--272 The cis-regulatory dynamics of the Drosophila CNS determinant castor are controlled by multiple sub-pattern enhancers. [FBrf0219381] Touma et al., 2012, Development 139(4): 657--666 Drosophila Polycomb complexes restrict neuroblast competence to generate motoneurons. [FBrf0217274] Ulvklo et al., 2012, Development 139(4): 678--689 Control of neuronal cell fate and number by integration of distinct daughter cell proliferation modes with temporal progression. [FBrf0217281] Benito-Sipos et al., 2011, Development 138(24): 5311--5320 Seven up acts as a temporal factor during two different stages of neuroblast 5-6 development. [FBrf0216799] Gabilondo et al., 2011, Mech. Dev. 128(3-4): 208--221 A targeted genetic screen identifies crucial players in the specification of the Drosophila abdominal Capaergic neurons. [FBrf0213290] Hwang and Rulifson, 2011, Development 138(14): 2883--2893 Serial specification of diverse neuroblast identities from a neurogenic placode by Notch and Egfr signaling. [FBrf0214015] Kohwi et al., 2011, Development 138(9): 1727--1735 The pipsqueak-domain proteins Distal antenna and Distal antenna-related restrict Hunchback neuroblast expression and early-born neuronal identity. [FBrf0213466] Lorbeck et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(4): e18412 Microarray analysis uncovers a role for tip60 in nervous system function and general metabolism. [FBrf0213446] Stagg et al., 2011, Development 138(11): 2171--2183 Dual role for Drosophila lethal of scute in CNS midline precursor formation and dopaminergic neuron and motoneuron cell fate. [FBrf0213671] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...