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Gene Dmel\bwk

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\bwk	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	bullwinkle	Annotation symbol
Feature type	gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0004884
Gene Model Status	Unannotated	Stock availability	1 publicly available
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)		Recombination map	3-68 +/- 5
Cytogenetic map	92D2-92D2	Sequence location
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene bullwinkle is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\bwk (FBgn0004884). It is a gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Its molecular function is unknown. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: chorion-containing eggshell formation; maintenance of pole plasm mRNA location; imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis; anterior/posterior pattern specification; ovarian follicle cell migration; dorsal appendage formation. 13 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: chorion; follicle cell; wing; dorsal appendage; embryo. It has no annotated transcripts. Gene has not been localized to the genome sequence.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2012_01
FB2011_10
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 92D2-92D2   Left limit from in situ hybridisation (FBrf0075292) Right limit from in situ hybridisation (FBrf0064777)
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 92D1-92D2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Spradling et al., 1999) 92D-92D   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Rittenhouse and Berg, 1995) 92D2-92D6   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Berg, 1994) 92D1-92D2     (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) 92D1-92D2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Spradling, 1993)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3-68 +/- 5 (Wilson et al., 1996)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa)
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AQ025578
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
Expression Clusters
External Data & Images
Linkouts
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | embryonic stage | germline clone | maternal effect | recessive bwk3R-103-30 lethal | embryonic stage | germline clone | non-rescuable maternal effect | recessive bwk3R-103-30 lethal | recessive bwkP58 Sterility Allele female sterile bwk08482 female sterile (with Df(3R)Dl-BX12) bwk08482 female sterile | recessive bwk08482 female sterile germline-dependent bwk151 bwk08482 Other Phenotypes Allele visible (with Df(3R)Dl-BX12) bwk08482 Phenotype manifest in Allele chorion bwk08482 bwk151 chorion (with Df(3R)Dl-BX12) bwk08482 chorion | anterior bwk08482 dorsal appendage bwk08482 bwkunspecified dorsal appendage (with bwk151) bwkΔ11 bwk08482 bwkCT dorsal appendage (with bwk08482) bwk151 dorsal appendage (with bwkCT) bwk151 dorsal appendage (with bwkΔ11) bwk151 embryo bwk08482 bwk151 embryo (with bwk151) bwk08482 embryo (with bwk08482) bwk151 follicle cell bwk08482 bwk151 wing (with Df(3R)Dl-BX12) bwk08482 wing vein | ectopic (with bwk08482) bwkΔ11 bwkΔ14 bwkΔ4 bwkΔ81 wing vein | ectopic (with bwkΔ4) bwk08482 wing vein | ectopic (with bwkΔ11) bwk08482 wing vein | ectopic (with bwkΔ14) bwk08482 wing vein | ectopic (with bwkΔ81) bwk08482
Classical Alleles ( 13 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of bwk Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion bwk08482 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence P-element activity 1 -- bwk151 P-element activity 0 -- bwk3R-103-30 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- bwkCT ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- bwkP58 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- bwkR11 0 -- bwkR18 0 -- bwkR4 P-element activity 0 Yes bwkunspecified 0 -- bwkΔ11 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 Yes bwkΔ14 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 Yes bwkΔ4 0 Yes bwkΔ81 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 0 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of bwk Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3R)Dl-BX12 (Rittenhouse and Berg, 1995, Wilson et al., 1996) Df(3R)oB16 (Wilson et al., 1996) Df(3R)oF4 (Wilson et al., 1996)
Not disrupted in	Df(3R)12 (Wilson et al., 1996) Df(3R)+1 (Wilson et al., 1996)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of enhancer trap P{PZ}bwk08482 No miscellaneous insertions P{ry11}bwk151 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 6 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 6 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
anterior/posterior pattern specification inferred from mutant phenotype (Rittenhouse and Berg, 1995) chorion-containing eggshell formation inferred from mutant phenotype (Rittenhouse and Berg, 1995) dorsal appendage formation inferred from mutant phenotype (Rittenhouse and Berg, 1995, Dorman et al., 2004) imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Rittenhouse and Berg, 1995) maintenance of pole plasm mRNA location inferred from mutant phenotype (Rittenhouse and Berg, 1995) ovarian follicle cell migration inferred from mutant phenotype (Rittenhouse and Berg, 1995)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 1 term )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
dorsal appendage formation non-traceable author statement (Tran and Berg, 2003)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions bwk allele Gene References bwk151 shark (Tran and Berg, 2003) Src42A (Tran and Berg, 2003) bwk08482 cic (Roch et al., 2002) shark (Tran and Berg, 2003) Src42A (Tran and Berg, 2003) bwkCT Src42A (Tran and Berg, 2003) bwkP58 osk (Wilson et al., 1996) bwkunspecified BicC (Tran and Berg, 2003) shark (Tran and Berg, 2003) bwkΔ4 cic (Roch et al., 2002) bwkΔ11 cic (Roch et al., 2002) bwkΔ14 cic (Roch et al., 2002) bwkΔ81 cic (Roch et al., 2002)
External Data
Linkouts	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0004884
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs
Curated drosophilid orthologs
Linkouts
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 1 )
Bloomington	10309 ry506 P{PZ}bwk08482/TM3, ryRK Sb1 Ser1
Genomic Clones ( 0 )
cDNA Clones ( 0 )
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
	The gene is named "bullwinkle" after the phenotype of the dorsal appendages: short and broad and have ragged edges and thin chorion, sometimes resembling moose antlers. (Rittenhouse and Berg, 1995)
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments	"hab" is allelic to "cic" and "bwk". This locus is genetically and molecularly complex, encoding distinct genetic functions and producing multiple isoforms. (Scherer and Duffy, 2003) Molecular analysis indicates that the "fet" and "cic" mutations are allelic (mutant lesions responsible for "fet" mutations are located in the open reading frame of the "cic" gene, and a "cic" rescue construct rescues the maternal and zygotic "fet" phenotypes). cic1/cicfet-U6 females produce embryos with a tor gain-of-function phenotype, indicating that both alleles affect the same germline function. However, cic1 complements the follicle cell defect of "fet" mutants, as eggs laid by transheterozygous females show apparently normal dorsoventral polarity of the eggshell and embryo. The relationship between "cic" (and therefore "fet") and "bwk" is unclear. "bwk" alleles complement the "fet" eggshell and wing defects, while the embryos laid by "fet"/"bwk" transheterozygotes are bicaudal (maternal effect "bwk" mutations result in bicaudal embryos). (Goff et al., 2001) The P{PZ} insertion in "bwk08482" maps approximately 300bp away from the hobo insertion in "cic1". However, "cic1" and "bwk08482" complement each other, produce different phenotypes and while the P{cic+tJa} construct rescues "cic1", it does not rescue "bwk08482", indicating that "bwk" and cic represent separate gene functions. (Jimenez et al., 2000)
Other Comments
	Mutations in bwk affect the proper formation of the eggshell and embryo. grk-;bwk- double mutant phenotype suggests wild type bwk product is needed to define the shape of the dorsal eggshell filaments after their placement has been determined by the dorsoventral pathway. The bicaudal phenotype of mutant embryos suggests bwk is important for determining or maintaining anterior/posterior polarity during oogenesis. (Rittenhouse and Berg, 1995) Strong alleles have wing defects: blistered wings with extra veins. (Berg, 1994) bwk is necessary for proper formation of the eggshell. (Rittenhouse and Berg, 1994) In strong alleles, wings blistered with extra vein material.
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AQ025578
Other Crossreferences
Linkouts
	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0004884
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 2 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	bwk (Neuman-Silberberg, 2007)
Name Synonym	bullwinkle (Neuman-Silberberg, 2007)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 34 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 34 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 10 ) Supplementary material  ( 1 ) Review  ( 5 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 2 ) Abstract  ( 15 ) Computer file  ( 1 )
Recent research papers (0)
	All research papers listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...