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Gene Dmel\tws

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\tws	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	twins	Annotation symbol	CG6235
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0004889
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	15 publicly available
Also Known As	aar, PP2A, PR55, l(3)02414, DPR55
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3R	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	85F13-85F14	Sequence location	3R:5,951,851..5,965,494 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene twins is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\tws (CG6235, FBgn0004889). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: protein phosphatase type 2A regulator activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: centrosome organization; negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation; maintenance of neuroblast polarity; mitotic cell cycle; mitotic anaphase; imaginal disc pattern formation; sensory organ development; embryonic development via the syncytial blastoderm; regulation of mitosis; Wnt receptor signaling pathway. 112 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: sense organ; organ system; multicellular structure; eo support cell; organ system subdivision; adult; cell cycle; adult segment; thoracic segment; cell cluster organ. It has 8 annotated transcripts and 8 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Protein phosphatase 2A, regulatory subunit PR55; Protein phosphatase 2A, regulatory subunit PR55, conserved site; WD40 repeat; WD40-repeat-containing domain; WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages, in adult female stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Many larval and adult organs/tissues expressed at moderate levels. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult hindgut, larval Malpighian tubules. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, adult central nervous system, larval/adult midgut, adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male accessory gland, larval/adult carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1633501_s_at completely aligns to an exonic region common to each of the 8 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of tws. Gene sequence location is 3R:5951851..5965494.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 85F13-85F14   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}Fmr1EP3517&P{PZ}tws02414 and P{PZ}jumu06439&P{lacW}l(3)j8B6j8B6
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 85F12-85F16     (Mayer-Jaekel, 1993.5.7) 85F12-85F13   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Spradling et al., 1999) 85F11-85F16   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-) 85F-85F   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Omel'yanchuk et al., 1997) 85F11-85F16   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Deak et al., 1997) 85F12-85F13   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Perrimon et al., 1996) 85E12-85E13   85F12--13   (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) 85F-85F   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Uemura et al., 1993) 85F-85F   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\tws for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.46 Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated. Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) tws-RA FBtr0082186  NM_057532   2520   499 tws-RB FBtr0082188  NM_134286   2372   443 tws-RC FBtr0082191  NM_134285   2242   443 tws-RD FBtr0082189  NM_134284   2247   443 tws-RE FBtr0082190  NM_057533   3819   443 tws-RF FBtr0082187  NM_169329   3664   499 tws-RG FBtr0082192  NM_169330   2400   443 tws-RH FBtr0082193  NM_169331   2300   443
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	5.0, 3.8-4.0, 3.7, 2.75, 2.5 (northern blot) (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein tws-PA   FBpp0081664   57.0   499   7.10     NP_476880   AAF54498 tws-PB   FBpp0081666   50.8   443   6.38     NP_599113   AAF54499 tws-PC   FBpp0081669   50.8   443   6.38     NP_599112   AAN13456 tws-PD   FBpp0081667   50.8   443   6.38     NP_599111   AAN13457 tws-PE   FBpp0081668   50.8   443   6.38     NP_476881   AAN13458 tws-PF   FBpp0081665   57.0   499   7.10     NP_731451   AAN13455 tws-PG   FBpp0081670   50.8   443   6.38     NP_731452   AAN13459 tws-PH   FBpp0081671   50.8   443   6.38     NP_731453   AAN13460
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	456, 443 (aa); 52, 51 (kD) (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) 443 (aa); 51 (kD predicted) (Uemura et al., 1993)
Comments	Four in frame ATGs are present in the gene sequence and only the last (furthest 3') is in perfect agreement with the consensus for translation initiation. The size reported here represents a protein initiated from this consensus site. A protein initiated at the first site would be 499aa. (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain (IPR015943) Protein phosphatase 2A, regulatory subunit PR55, conserved site (IPR018067) WD40-repeat-containing domain (IPR017986) Protein phosphatase 2A, regulatory subunit PR55 (IPR000009) WD40 repeat (IPR001680)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA390320   AA438587   AA439494   AA567805   AA567824   AA696786   AE014297 AAF54498   AE014297 AAF54499   AE014297 AAN13455   AE014297 AAN13456   AE014297 AAN13457   AE014297 AAN13458   AE014297 AAN13459   AE014297 AAN13460   AC009183   AI134271   AI517779   AI517908   AI945059   AW942232   AY061152 AAL28700   BF487529   BF488343   BF503680   BG638058   BI161860   BI164602   BI212482   BI235886   BI238442   BI358696   BI366560   BI367404   BI372967   BI483734   BI578483   BI579279   BI612646   BI638231   BI638569   BP553712   BP553713   BT099776   CA803464   CA805385   CO183951   CO187212   CO187704   CO264758   CO266450   CO271458   CO271572   CO286643   CO292676   CO297453   CO298096   CO301175   CO302637   CO304352   CO305365   CO306225   CO306826   CO307583   CO309065   CO311848   CO313309   CO313844   CO314283   CO320268   CO321329   CO323315   CO327092   CZ467068   CZ467203   CZ467204   CZ467830   CZ467831   CZ473394   CZ475394   CZ475775   CZ479098   CZ479099   D13004 BAA02367   DN154164   EC058049   EC060103   EC065916   EC066330   EC071600   EC072461   EC074486   EC074686   EC077455   EC087452   EC088187   EC210403   EC213991   EC213992   EC223556   EC228980   EC229447   EC233267   EC236409   EC239169   EC240498   EC249282   EC249422   EC253188   EC265615   ES695780   ES696260   ES696262   ES696263   ES696267   ES696269   ES696274   ES696275   ES696280   ES697194   EV575525   EV597682   G00588   G01405   GH751110   GH751358   GH754521   GH755503   GH759043   GH759498   GH759633   GH771105   GH771531   GH772879   GH777695   GH782112   GH786536   GH786762   GH795902   GH796371   GH798870   GH806100   GH806277   GH806354   GH808106   GH808361   GH808489   GH810249   GH811343   GH813471   GH813658   GH815393   GH816383   GH817309   GH821377   GH821637   GH822371   GH823690   GH824351   GH826886   GH826954   GH828043   GH829372   GH830647   GH833184   GH835196   GH837001   GH837702   GH838661   GH843235   GH847916   GH848927   GH849772   GH852311   GH852647   GH853146   GH854063   GH860779   GH863589   GH865911   GH866075   GH869650   GH871429   GH871778   GH874679   GH876063   GH876335   GH876351   GH881622   GH888188   GH889815   GH892552   GH895411   GH895461   GH895828   GH896095   GH899319   GH904429   GH908727   GH910306   GH910662   GH911447   GH912052   GH914447   GH916598   GH921898   GH923310   GH924790   GH925273   GH930367   GH932280   GH934908   GH935931   GH939611   GH939921   GH944282   L07581 AAA99870   L07583 AAA99871   L07585   L07586 AAB00371   L07586 AAB00372   L12544 AAB00371   L12544 AAB00372
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P36872
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | late   anal pad   (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system   (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) Malpighian tubule   (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) embryonic/larval hindgut   (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) embryonic stage | mid -- embryonic stage | late   gonad   (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) neuroblast   (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) embryonic stage 4     (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) larval stage   optic lobe   (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) pupal stage | late   imaginal disc   (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) pupal stage & spermatogenesis   testis   (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) adult stage & oogenesis   oocyte   (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) adult stageoogenesis stage S6 -- S14   nurse cell   (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 3 -- 4   organism | ubiquitous   (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) embryonic stage 10 -- 17   gonad   (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) neuroblast   (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) embryonic stage 17   Malpighian tubule   (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) anal pad   (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system   (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) embryonic/larval hindgut   (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) larval stage   optic lobe   (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) pupal stage | late   imaginal disc   (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) pupal stage | late & spermatogenesis   testis   (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) adult stage & oogenesis   oocyte   (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) adult stageoogenesis stage S6 -- S14   nurse cell   (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage   eye-antennal disc   (Uemura et al., 1993) ventral thoracic disc   (Uemura et al., 1993) embryonic/larval central nervous system   (Uemura et al., 1993) wing disc   (Uemura et al., 1993) third instar larval stage     (Uemura et al., 1993)
Additional Descriptive Data
	tws transcripts are found at high levels in ovarioles. They are first detected at stage S6 in nurse cells and are later transported to the egg cell. In embryos, they are present at high levels at the syncytial blastoderm stage and then decrease. They are later detected in the migrating gonads, CNS, anal pads, Malpighian tubules, and hindgut. In larvae, transcripts are detected in regions of cell proliferation in the optic lobes. In pupae, they are found in a uniform distribution in imaginal discs and testes. (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage   wing disc   (Bajpai et al., 2004) western blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage & larval stage & pupal stage     (Uemura et al., 1993) larval stage   embryonic/larval central nervous system   (Uemura et al., 1993) imaginal disc   (Uemura et al., 1993) embryonic/larval salivary gland   (Uemura et al., 1993)
Additional Descriptive Data
	tws protein is abundant in early embryonic extracts and declines with development. The protein is enriched in fractions of larval CNS and imaginal discs, and of salivary glands. (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1994, Uemura et al., 1993) tws protein is cytoplasmic. In syncytial blastoderm embryos it is found in the cytoplasmic region surrounding the cortical layer of nuclei. The protein is cytoplasmic in pole cells. In cycle 14 embryos, tws protein is located throughout the cytoplasm of interphase cells, and throughout the whole cell as it progresses through mitosis. In dividing third larval instar brain neuroblasts, tws protein is detected in the cytoplasm of interphase and mitotic cells. (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1994)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasm inferred from direct assay (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1994, Chabu and Doe, 2009, Dobbelaere et al., 2008) microtubule associated complex inferred from direct assay (Hughes et al., 2008) nucleus inferred from direct assay (Chabu and Doe, 2009)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Many larval and adult organs/tissues expressed at moderate levels. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult hindgut, larval Malpighian tubules. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, adult central nervous system, larval/adult midgut, adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male accessory gland, larval/adult carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    560.175 Larval Midgut    143.8 Larval Hindgut    1770.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    701.2 Larval Fat Body    219.1 Larval Salivary Gland    255.5 Larval Trachea    486.125 Larval Carcass    223.625 Adult Head    352.6 Adult Eye    418.125 Adult Brain    366.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    302.3 Adult Crop    649.6 Adult Midgut    171.5 Adult Hindgut    1656 Adult Malpighian Tubules    347.2 Adult Fat Body    231.7 Adult Salivary Gland    327.9 Adult Heart    275.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    274.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    243.3 Adult Ovary    237.7 Adult Testis    44.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland    161.5 Adult Carcass    186.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (560.175) Larval Midgut    143.8 Larval Hindgut  (1770.9) Larval Malpighian Tubules  (701.2) Larval Fat Body    219.1 Larval Salivary Gland    255.5 Larval Trachea    486.125 Larval Carcass    223.625 Adult Head    352.6 Adult Eye    418.125 Adult Brain    366.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    302.3 Adult Crop  (649.6) Adult Midgut    171.5 Adult Hindgut  (1656) Adult Malpighian Tubules    347.2 Adult Fat Body    231.7 Adult Salivary Gland    327.9 Adult Heart    275.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    274.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    243.3 Adult Ovary    237.7 Adult Testis    44.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland    161.5 Adult Carcass    186.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    560.175 Larval Midgut    143.8 Larval Hindgut  (1770.9) Larval Malpighian Tubules    701.2 Larval Fat Body    219.1 Larval Salivary Gland    255.5 Larval Trachea    486.125 Larval Carcass    223.625 Adult Head    352.6 Adult Eye    418.125 Adult Brain    366.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    302.3 Adult Crop    649.6 Adult Midgut    171.5 Adult Hindgut  (1656) Adult Malpighian Tubules    347.2 Adult Fat Body    231.7 Adult Salivary Gland    327.9 Adult Heart    275.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    274.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    243.3 Adult Ovary    237.7 Adult Testis    44.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland    161.5 Adult Carcass    186.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    560.175 Larval Midgut    143.8 Larval Hindgut    1770.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    701.2 Larval Fat Body    219.1 Larval Salivary Gland    255.5 Larval Trachea    486.125 Larval Carcass    223.625 Adult Head    352.6 Adult Eye    418.125 Adult Brain    366.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    302.3 Adult Crop    649.6 Adult Midgut    171.5 Adult Hindgut    1656 Adult Malpighian Tubules    347.2 Adult Fat Body    231.7 Adult Salivary Gland    327.9 Adult Heart    275.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    274.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    243.3 Adult Ovary    237.7 Adult Testis    44.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland    161.5 Adult Carcass    186.3 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    560.175 Larval Midgut    143.8 Larval Hindgut    1770.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    701.2 Larval Fat Body    219.1 Larval Salivary Gland    255.5 Larval Trachea    486.125 Larval Carcass    223.625 Adult Head    352.6 Adult Eye    418.125 Adult Brain    366.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    302.3 Adult Crop    649.6 Adult Midgut    171.5 Adult Hindgut    1656 Adult Malpighian Tubules    347.2 Adult Fat Body    231.7 Adult Salivary Gland    327.9 Adult Heart    275.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    274.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    243.3 Adult Ovary    237.7 Adult Testis    44.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland    161.5 Adult Carcass    186.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  560.175 Larval Midgut    143.8 Larval Hindgut  (1770.9) Larval Malpighian Tubules  701.2 Larval Fat Body    219.1 Larval Salivary Gland    255.5 Larval Trachea    486.125 Larval Carcass    223.625 Adult Head    352.6 Adult Eye    418.125 Adult Brain    366.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    302.3 Adult Crop  649.6 Adult Midgut    171.5 Adult Hindgut  (1656) Adult Malpighian Tubules    347.2 Adult Fat Body    231.7 Adult Salivary Gland    327.9 Adult Heart    275.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    274.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    243.3 Adult Ovary    237.7 Adult Testis    44.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland    161.5 Adult Carcass    186.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    560.175 Larval Midgut    143.8 Larval Hindgut  (1770.9) Larval Malpighian Tubules    701.2 Larval Fat Body    219.1 Larval Salivary Gland    255.5 Larval Trachea    486.125 Larval Carcass    223.625 Adult Head    352.6 Adult Eye    418.125 Adult Brain    366.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    302.3 Adult Crop    649.6 Adult Midgut    171.5 Adult Hindgut  1656 Adult Malpighian Tubules    347.2 Adult Fat Body    231.7 Adult Salivary Gland    327.9 Adult Heart    275.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    274.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    243.3 Adult Ovary    237.7 Adult Testis    44.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland    161.5 Adult Carcass    186.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    560.175 Larval Midgut    143.8 Larval Hindgut    1770.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    701.2 Larval Fat Body    219.1 Larval Salivary Gland    255.5 Larval Trachea    486.125 Larval Carcass    223.625 Adult Head    352.6 Adult Eye    418.125 Adult Brain    366.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    302.3 Adult Crop    649.6 Adult Midgut    171.5 Adult Hindgut    1656 Adult Malpighian Tubules    347.2 Adult Fat Body    231.7 Adult Salivary Gland    327.9 Adult Heart    275.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    274.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    243.3 Adult Ovary    237.7 Adult Testis    44.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland    161.5 Adult Carcass    186.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    352.6   NA  Eye    418.125   NA  Brain    366.7   560.175  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    302.3   NA  Crop    649.6   143.8  Midgut    171.5   1770.9  Hindgut    1656   701.2  Malpighian Tubules    347.2   219.1  Fat Body    231.7   255.5  Salivary Gland    327.9   NA  Heart    275.475   486.125  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    274.8   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    243.3   NA  Ovary    237.7   NA  Testis    44.4   NA  Male Accessory Gland    161.5   223.625  Carcass    186.3 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    61 central nervous system, larvae L3    50 central nervous system, pupae P8    28 head, virgin 1-day female    24 head, virgin 4-day female    26 head, virgin 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day female    26 head, mated 4-day female    18 head, mated 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day male    35 head, mated 4-day male    32 head, mated 20-day male    34 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    6 salivary gland, white prepupae    18 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    33 digestive system, 1-day adult    18 digestive system, 4-day adult    28 digestive system, 20-day adult    21 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    9 fat body, white prepupae    22 fat body, pupae P8    10 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    39 carcass, 1-day adult    19 carcass, 4-day adult    23 carcass, 20-day adult    25 ovary, virgin 4-day female    156 ovary, mated 4-day female    180 testis, mated 4-day male    21 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (61) central nervous system, larvae L3  (50) central nervous system, pupae P8  (28) head, virgin 1-day female    24 head, virgin 4-day female  26 head, virgin 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day female  26 head, mated 4-day female    18 head, mated 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day male  (35) head, mated 4-day male  (32) head, mated 20-day male  (34) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    6 salivary gland, white prepupae    18 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering  (33) digestive system, 1-day adult    18 digestive system, 4-day adult  (28) digestive system, 20-day adult    21 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    9 fat body, white prepupae    22 fat body, pupae P8    10 carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (39) carcass, 1-day adult    19 carcass, 4-day adult    23 carcass, 20-day adult    25 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (156) ovary, mated 4-day female  (180) testis, mated 4-day male    21 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    61 central nervous system, larvae L3    50 central nervous system, pupae P8    28 head, virgin 1-day female    24 head, virgin 4-day female    26 head, virgin 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day female    26 head, mated 4-day female    18 head, mated 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day male    35 head, mated 4-day male    32 head, mated 20-day male    34 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    6 salivary gland, white prepupae    18 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    33 digestive system, 1-day adult    18 digestive system, 4-day adult    28 digestive system, 20-day adult    21 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    9 fat body, white prepupae    22 fat body, pupae P8    10 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    39 carcass, 1-day adult    19 carcass, 4-day adult    23 carcass, 20-day adult    25 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (156) ovary, mated 4-day female  (180) testis, mated 4-day male    21 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    61 central nervous system, larvae L3    50 central nervous system, pupae P8    28 head, virgin 1-day female    24 head, virgin 4-day female    26 head, virgin 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day female    26 head, mated 4-day female    18 head, mated 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day male    35 head, mated 4-day male    32 head, mated 20-day male    34 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    6 salivary gland, white prepupae    18 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    33 digestive system, 1-day adult    18 digestive system, 4-day adult    28 digestive system, 20-day adult    21 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    9 fat body, white prepupae    22 fat body, pupae P8    10 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    39 carcass, 1-day adult    19 carcass, 4-day adult    23 carcass, 20-day adult    25 ovary, virgin 4-day female    156 ovary, mated 4-day female    180 testis, mated 4-day male    21 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    11 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    61 central nervous system, larvae L3    50 central nervous system, pupae P8    28 head, virgin 1-day female    24 head, virgin 4-day female    26 head, virgin 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day female    26 head, mated 4-day female    18 head, mated 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day male    35 head, mated 4-day male    32 head, mated 20-day male    34 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    6 salivary gland, white prepupae    18 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    33 digestive system, 1-day adult    18 digestive system, 4-day adult    28 digestive system, 20-day adult    21 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    9 fat body, white prepupae    22 fat body, pupae P8    10 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    39 carcass, 1-day adult    19 carcass, 4-day adult    23 carcass, 20-day adult    25 ovary, virgin 4-day female    156 ovary, mated 4-day female    180 testis, mated 4-day male    21 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (61) central nervous system, larvae L3  (50) central nervous system, pupae P8  28 head, virgin 1-day female    24 head, virgin 4-day female  26 head, virgin 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day female  26 head, mated 4-day female    18 head, mated 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day male  (35) head, mated 4-day male  32 head, mated 20-day male  (34) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    6 salivary gland, white prepupae    18 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering  (33) digestive system, 1-day adult    18 digestive system, 4-day adult  28 digestive system, 20-day adult    21 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    9 fat body, white prepupae    22 fat body, pupae P8    10 carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (39) carcass, 1-day adult    19 carcass, 4-day adult    23 carcass, 20-day adult    25 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (156) ovary, mated 4-day female  (180) testis, mated 4-day male    21 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    61 central nervous system, larvae L3    50 central nervous system, pupae P8    28 head, virgin 1-day female    24 head, virgin 4-day female    26 head, virgin 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day female    26 head, mated 4-day female    18 head, mated 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day male    35 head, mated 4-day male    32 head, mated 20-day male    34 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    6 salivary gland, white prepupae    18 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    33 digestive system, 1-day adult    18 digestive system, 4-day adult    28 digestive system, 20-day adult    21 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    9 fat body, white prepupae    22 fat body, pupae P8    10 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    39 carcass, 1-day adult    19 carcass, 4-day adult    23 carcass, 20-day adult    25 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (156) ovary, mated 4-day female  (180) testis, mated 4-day male    21 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    61 central nervous system, larvae L3    50 central nervous system, pupae P8    28 head, virgin 1-day female    24 head, virgin 4-day female    26 head, virgin 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day female    26 head, mated 4-day female    18 head, mated 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day male    35 head, mated 4-day male    32 head, mated 20-day male    34 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    6 salivary gland, white prepupae    18 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    33 digestive system, 1-day adult    18 digestive system, 4-day adult    28 digestive system, 20-day adult    21 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    9 fat body, white prepupae    22 fat body, pupae P8    10 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    39 carcass, 1-day adult    19 carcass, 4-day adult    23 carcass, 20-day adult    25 ovary, virgin 4-day female    156 ovary, mated 4-day female    180 testis, mated 4-day male    21 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages, in adult female stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    83 embryo 02-04hr    30 embryo 04-06hr    18 embryo 06-08hr    12 embryo 08-10hr    9 embryo 10-12hr    7 embryo 12-14hr    9 embryo 14-16hr    7 embryo 16-18hr    10 embryo 18-20hr    13 embryo 20-22hr    11 embryo 22-24hr    15 larva L1    12 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    13 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    12 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    23 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    31 white prepupae new    36 white prepupae 12hr    31 white prepupae 24hr    28 pupae 2d postWPP    18 pupae 3d postWPP    16 pupae 4d postWPP    21 adult male 01day    19 adult male 05day    21 adult male 30day    19 adult female 01day    32 adult female 05day    60 adult female 30day    57 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (83) embryo 02-04hr  (30) embryo 04-06hr    18 embryo 06-08hr    12 embryo 08-10hr    9 embryo 10-12hr    7 embryo 12-14hr    9 embryo 14-16hr    7 embryo 16-18hr    10 embryo 18-20hr    13 embryo 20-22hr    11 embryo 22-24hr    15 larva L1    12 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    13 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    12 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    23 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (31) white prepupae new  (36) white prepupae 12hr  (31) white prepupae 24hr  (28) pupae 2d postWPP    18 pupae 3d postWPP    16 pupae 4d postWPP    21 adult male 01day    19 adult male 05day    21 adult male 30day    19 adult female 01day  (32) adult female 05day  (60) adult female 30day  (57) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    83 embryo 02-04hr    30 embryo 04-06hr    18 embryo 06-08hr    12 embryo 08-10hr    9 embryo 10-12hr    7 embryo 12-14hr    9 embryo 14-16hr    7 embryo 16-18hr    10 embryo 18-20hr    13 embryo 20-22hr    11 embryo 22-24hr    15 larva L1    12 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    13 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    12 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    23 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    31 white prepupae new    36 white prepupae 12hr    31 white prepupae 24hr    28 pupae 2d postWPP    18 pupae 3d postWPP    16 pupae 4d postWPP    21 adult male 01day    19 adult male 05day    21 adult male 30day    19 adult female 01day    32 adult female 05day    60 adult female 30day    57 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    83 embryo 02-04hr    30 embryo 04-06hr    18 embryo 06-08hr    12 embryo 08-10hr    9 embryo 10-12hr    7 embryo 12-14hr    9 embryo 14-16hr    7 embryo 16-18hr    10 embryo 18-20hr    13 embryo 20-22hr    11 embryo 22-24hr    15 larva L1    12 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    13 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    12 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    23 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    31 white prepupae new    36 white prepupae 12hr    31 white prepupae 24hr    28 pupae 2d postWPP    18 pupae 3d postWPP    16 pupae 4d postWPP    21 adult male 01day    19 adult male 05day    21 adult male 30day    19 adult female 01day    32 adult female 05day    60 adult female 30day    57 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    83 embryo 02-04hr    30 embryo 04-06hr    18 embryo 06-08hr    12 embryo 08-10hr    9 embryo 10-12hr    7 embryo 12-14hr    9 embryo 14-16hr    7 embryo 16-18hr    10 embryo 18-20hr    13 embryo 20-22hr    11 embryo 22-24hr    15 larva L1    12 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    13 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    12 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    23 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    31 white prepupae new    36 white prepupae 12hr    31 white prepupae 24hr    28 pupae 2d postWPP    18 pupae 3d postWPP    16 pupae 4d postWPP    21 adult male 01day    19 adult male 05day    21 adult male 30day    19 adult female 01day    32 adult female 05day    60 adult female 30day    57 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (83) embryo 02-04hr  30 embryo 04-06hr    18 embryo 06-08hr    12 embryo 08-10hr    9 embryo 10-12hr    7 embryo 12-14hr    9 embryo 14-16hr    7 embryo 16-18hr    10 embryo 18-20hr    13 embryo 20-22hr    11 embryo 22-24hr    15 larva L1    12 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    13 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    12 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    23 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  31 white prepupae new  (36) white prepupae 12hr  31 white prepupae 24hr  28 pupae 2d postWPP    18 pupae 3d postWPP    16 pupae 4d postWPP    21 adult male 01day    19 adult male 05day    21 adult male 30day    19 adult female 01day  32 adult female 05day  (60) adult female 30day  (57) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    83 embryo 02-04hr    30 embryo 04-06hr    18 embryo 06-08hr    12 embryo 08-10hr    9 embryo 10-12hr    7 embryo 12-14hr    9 embryo 14-16hr    7 embryo 16-18hr    10 embryo 18-20hr    13 embryo 20-22hr    11 embryo 22-24hr    15 larva L1    12 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    13 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    12 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    23 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    31 white prepupae new    36 white prepupae 12hr    31 white prepupae 24hr    28 pupae 2d postWPP    18 pupae 3d postWPP    16 pupae 4d postWPP    21 adult male 01day    19 adult male 05day    21 adult male 30day    19 adult female 01day    32 adult female 05day    60 adult female 30day    57 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    83 embryo 02-04hr    30 embryo 04-06hr    18 embryo 06-08hr    12 embryo 08-10hr    9 embryo 10-12hr    7 embryo 12-14hr    9 embryo 14-16hr    7 embryo 16-18hr    10 embryo 18-20hr    13 embryo 20-22hr    11 embryo 22-24hr    15 larva L1    12 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    13 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    12 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    23 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    31 white prepupae new    36 white prepupae 12hr    31 white prepupae 24hr    28 pupae 2d postWPP    18 pupae 3d postWPP    16 pupae 4d postWPP    21 adult male 01day    19 adult male 05day    21 adult male 30day    19 adult female 01day    32 adult female 05day    60 adult female 30day    57 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    47 Schneider line 2 Sg4    31 embryonic 1182-4H    43 embryonic GM2    40 embryonic Kc167    39 embryonic S1    31 embryonic S3    47 leg disc CME L1    35 wing disc CME-W2    40 wing disc ML-DmD8    44 wing disc ML-DmD9    34 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    62 wing disc ML-DmD21    25 wing disc ML-DmD32    42 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    60 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    38 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    20 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    43 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    38 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    38 tumorous blood cells mbn2    26 ovary fGS/OSS    57 ovary OSC    83 ovary OSS    52 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (47) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (31) embryonic 1182-4H  (43) embryonic GM2  (40) embryonic Kc167  (39) embryonic S1  (31) embryonic S3  (47) leg disc CME L1  (35) wing disc CME-W2  (40) wing disc ML-DmD8  (44) wing disc ML-DmD9  (34) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (62) wing disc ML-DmD21    25 wing disc ML-DmD32  (42) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (60) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (38) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    20 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (43) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (38) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (38) tumorous blood cells mbn2  26 ovary fGS/OSS  (57) ovary OSC  (83) ovary OSS  (52) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    47 Schneider line 2 Sg4    31 embryonic 1182-4H    43 embryonic GM2    40 embryonic Kc167    39 embryonic S1    31 embryonic S3    47 leg disc CME L1    35 wing disc CME-W2    40 wing disc ML-DmD8    44 wing disc ML-DmD9    34 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    62 wing disc ML-DmD21    25 wing disc ML-DmD32    42 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    60 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    38 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    20 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    43 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    38 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    38 tumorous blood cells mbn2    26 ovary fGS/OSS    57 ovary OSC    83 ovary OSS    52 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    47 Schneider line 2 Sg4    31 embryonic 1182-4H    43 embryonic GM2    40 embryonic Kc167    39 embryonic S1    31 embryonic S3    47 leg disc CME L1    35 wing disc CME-W2    40 wing disc ML-DmD8    44 wing disc ML-DmD9    34 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    62 wing disc ML-DmD21    25 wing disc ML-DmD32    42 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    60 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    38 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    20 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    43 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    38 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    38 tumorous blood cells mbn2    26 ovary fGS/OSS    57 ovary OSC    83 ovary OSS    52 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    47 Schneider line 2 Sg4    31 embryonic 1182-4H    43 embryonic GM2    40 embryonic Kc167    39 embryonic S1    31 embryonic S3    47 leg disc CME L1    35 wing disc CME-W2    40 wing disc ML-DmD8    44 wing disc ML-DmD9    34 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    62 wing disc ML-DmD21    25 wing disc ML-DmD32    42 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    60 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    38 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    20 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    43 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    38 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    38 tumorous blood cells mbn2    26 ovary fGS/OSS    57 ovary OSC    83 ovary OSS    52 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (47) Schneider line 2 Sg4  31 embryonic 1182-4H  (43) embryonic GM2  (40) embryonic Kc167  (39) embryonic S1  31 embryonic S3  (47) leg disc CME L1  (35) wing disc CME-W2  (40) wing disc ML-DmD8  (44) wing disc ML-DmD9  (34) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (62) wing disc ML-DmD21    25 wing disc ML-DmD32  (42) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (60) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (38) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    20 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (43) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (38) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (38) tumorous blood cells mbn2  26 ovary fGS/OSS  (57) ovary OSC  (83) ovary OSS  (52) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    47 Schneider line 2 Sg4    31 embryonic 1182-4H    43 embryonic GM2    40 embryonic Kc167    39 embryonic S1    31 embryonic S3    47 leg disc CME L1    35 wing disc CME-W2    40 wing disc ML-DmD8    44 wing disc ML-DmD9    34 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    62 wing disc ML-DmD21    25 wing disc ML-DmD32    42 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    60 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    38 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    20 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    43 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    38 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    38 tumorous blood cells mbn2    26 ovary fGS/OSS    57 ovary OSC    83 ovary OSS    52 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    47 Schneider line 2 Sg4    31 embryonic 1182-4H    43 embryonic GM2    40 embryonic Kc167    39 embryonic S1    31 embryonic S3    47 leg disc CME L1    35 wing disc CME-W2    40 wing disc ML-DmD8    44 wing disc ML-DmD9    34 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    62 wing disc ML-DmD21    25 wing disc ML-DmD32    42 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    60 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    38 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    20 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    43 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    38 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    38 tumorous blood cells mbn2    26 ovary fGS/OSS    57 ovary OSC    83 ovary OSS    52 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    34 cold shock, 4-day adult    23 heat shock, 4-day adult    42 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    12 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    52 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    126 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    105 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    17 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    51 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    75 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    20 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    15 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    18 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    136 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    42 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    97 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    54 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    17 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (34) cold shock, 4-day adult    23 heat shock, 4-day adult  (42) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    12 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (52) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (126) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (105) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    17 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (51) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (75) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    20 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    15 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    18 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (136) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (42) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (97) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (54) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    17 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    34 cold shock, 4-day adult    23 heat shock, 4-day adult    42 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    12 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    52 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (126) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  105 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    17 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    51 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    75 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    20 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    15 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    18 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (136) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    42 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    97 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    54 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    17 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    34 cold shock, 4-day adult    23 heat shock, 4-day adult    42 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    12 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    52 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    126 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    105 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    17 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    51 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    75 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    20 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    15 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    18 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    136 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    42 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    97 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    54 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    17 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    34 cold shock, 4-day adult    23 heat shock, 4-day adult    42 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    12 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    52 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    126 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    105 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    17 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    51 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    75 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    20 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    15 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    18 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    136 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    42 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    97 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    54 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    17 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (34) cold shock, 4-day adult    23 heat shock, 4-day adult  (42) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    12 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (52) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (126) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (105) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    17 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (51) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (75) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    20 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    15 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    18 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (136) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (42) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (97) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (54) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    17 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    34 cold shock, 4-day adult    23 heat shock, 4-day adult    42 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    12 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    52 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  126 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  105 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    17 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    51 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    75 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    20 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    15 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    18 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  136 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    42 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    97 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    54 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    17 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    34 cold shock, 4-day adult    23 heat shock, 4-day adult    42 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    12 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    52 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    126 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    105 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    17 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    51 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    75 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    20 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    15 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    18 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    136 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    42 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    97 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    54 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    17 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_02 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_03
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0004889 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG6235-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal, with Scer\GAL4tim.PE twsScer\UAS.cGa lethal (with Df(3R)by62) twsS022205 twsS022361 twsS022440 twsS023013 twsS023141 twsS023206 twsS023309 twsS023938 twsS024455 twsS024834 twsS024838 twsS025806 twsS025832 twsS025913 twsS026226 twsS026326 twsS027127 twsS027313 twsS028707 twsS029110 twsS029403 twsS029701 twsS031006 twsS032303 twsS032708 twsS033903 twsS035505 twsS042629 twsS042630 twsS043008 twsS043029 twsS045519 twsS046918 twsS048006 twsS048013 twsS048507 twsS049902 twsS052810 twsS053011 twsS060203 twsS060804 twsS061805 twsS061915 twsS063110 twsS066017 twsS066813 twsS067109 twsS067915 twsS069206 twsS075110 twsS075515 twsS075902 twsS076415 twsS080409 twsS088513 twsS091905 twsS101413 twsS104002b twsS105605 twsS110008 twsS110815 twsS111515 twsS111704a twsS119908 twsS132907 twsS134601 twsS141309 twsS146606 twsS147104b lethal | adult stage | recessive tws55 tws59 twsaar-1 lethal | embryonic stage tws02414 lethal | embryonic stage | maternal effect tws02414 lethal | larval stage | recessive twsS022205 twsS022361 twsS022440 twsS023013 twsS023141 twsS023206 twsS023309 twsS023938 twsS024455 twsS024834 twsS024838 twsS025806 twsS025832 twsS025913 twsS026226 twsS026326 twsS027127 twsS027313 twsS028707 twsS029110 twsS029403 twsS031006 twsS032303 twsS033903 twsS035505 twsS042629 twsS042630 twsS043008 twsS043029 twsS045519 twsS046918 twsS048006 twsS048013 twsS048507 twsS049902 twsS052810 twsS053011 twsS060203 twsS060804 twsS061915 twsS063110 twsS066017 twsS066813 twsS067109 twsS067915 twsS069206 twsS075110 twsS076415 twsS080409 twsS088513 twsS091905 twsS101413 twsS104002b twsS105605 twsS110008 twsS110815 twsS111515 twsS111704a twsS119908 twsS132907 twsS134601 twsS141309 twsS146606 lethal | pharate adult stage | recessive twsaar-1 twsS061805 lethal | polyphasic | recessive tws02414 lethal | prepupal stage | recessive twsS025913 twsS048013 twsS119908 lethal | pupal stage tws47 tws60 lethal | pupal stage | recessive tws60 twsaar-1 twsj11C8 twsS022205 twsS146606 lethal | recessive tws01436 tws02414 tws04017 twsaar-1 twsj11C8 twss1801 twsS022205 twsS022440 twsS023206 twsS023309 twsS023938 twsS024455 twsS025806 twsS026226 twsS027313 twsS028707 twsS029110 twsS029403 twsS031006 twsS032708 twsS033903 twsS035505 twsS043008 twsS048507 twsS052810 twsS053011 twsS061915 twsS066017 twsS067915 twsS075515 twsS088513 twsS091905 twsS104002b twsS111515 twsS111704a twsS132907 twsS147104b partially lethal - majority die twsv158 partially lethal - majority die (with Df(3R)by62) twsS134601 partially lethal - majority die | recessive twsS025832 twsS061805 twsS075902 twsS076415 twsS134601 twsS146606 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 twsGD10742 Sterility Allele female sterile | recessive twsaar-2 Other Phenotypes Allele behavior defective | recessive tws55 tws59 body color defective, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 twsGD10742 cell shape defective | somatic clone twsj11C8 decreased cell size (with Df(3R)Exel6265) twsj11C8 increased cell number (with Df(3R)Exel6265) twsj11C8 increased cell number | somatic clone twsj11C8 locomotor rhythm defective, with Scer\GAL4P2.4.Pdf twsScer\UAS.cGa meiotic cell cycle defective twsv158 mitotic cell cycle defective twsv158 uncoordinated tws55 tws59 visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 twsGD10742 wild-type tws+tMa Phenotype manifest in Allele abdomen | maternal effect tws02414 chromatin & mitotic anaphase twsaar-1 chromosome, centromeric region twsv158 embryonic/larval neuroblast | somatic clone | supernumerary twsj11C8 embryonic/larval neuroblast | somatic clone | supernumerary (with Df(3R)Exel6265) twsj11C8 embryonic/larval optic lobe | somatic clone twsj11C8 eo neuron tws55 tws59 eye tws55 twsaar-1 ganglion | larval stage twsv158 germarium twsv158 haltere disc tws47 tws60 larval brain & nuclear chromosome twsv158 macrochaeta tws55 tws59 twsaar-1 twsj11C8 mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 twsGD10742 microchaeta tws55 tws59 mitotic anaphase twsv158 mitotic anaphase & neuroblast twsS061805 mitotic cell cycle twsv158 mitotic metaphase & neuroblast twsS061805 neuroblast tws60 neuroblast (with tws60) tws02414 neuroblast (with tws02414) tws60 nuclear chromosome & mitotic anaphase twsaar-1 ovary twsv158 spindle & neuroblast twsS061805 testis twsv158 thecogen cell tws55 tws59 tormogen cell tws55 tws59 trichogen cell tws55 tws59 trichogen cell | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 twsGD10742 trichome of the posterior wing margin tws55 tws59 wing disc | larval stage twsaar-1 twsj11C8 wing disc | posterior compartment tws47 tws60 wing margin | somatic clone twsj11C8 wing margin bristle | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB, tws60 twsScer\UAS.cBa wing margin bristle | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB, twsScer\UAS.cBa tws60
Classical Alleles ( 98 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of tws Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion tws02414 P-element activity 2 -- twsc01315 piggyBac transposase 1 -- twsc01484 piggyBac transposase 1 -- twsc02281 piggyBac transposase 1 -- twsCB-5218-3 1 -- twsd03487 P-element activity 1 -- twse01292 piggyBac transposase 1 -- twsf00061 1 -- twsNP5425 1 -- tws01436 P-element activity 0 -- tws03745a P-element activity 0 -- tws04017 P-element activity 0 -- tws06848 P-element activity 0 -- tws196 loss of function allele 0 -- tws430 loss of function allele 0 -- tws47 Delta2-3 0 Yes tws55 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence Delta2-3 0 -- tws59 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence Delta2-3 0 Yes tws60 Delta2-3 0 Yes tws90-14 Delta2-3 0 Yes twsaar-1 PM hybrid dysgenesis P-element activity 0 Yes twsaar-2 0 -- twsc00138 0 -- twsCPTI001600 piggyBac transposase 0 Yes twsd06849 P-element activity 0 -- twsd07501 P-element activity 0 -- twsj11C8 P-element activity 0 Yes twsS022205 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS022361 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS022440 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS023013 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS023141 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS023206 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS023309 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS023938 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS024455 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS024834 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS024838 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS025806 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS025832 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS025913 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS026226 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS026326 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS027127 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS027313 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS028707 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS029110 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS029403 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS029701 P-element activity Delta2-3 0 -- twsS031006 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS032303 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS032708 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS033903 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS035505 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS042629 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS042630 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS043008 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS043029 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS045519 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS046918 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS048006 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS048013 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS048507 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS049902 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS052810 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS053011 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS060203 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS060804 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS061805 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS061915 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS063110 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS066017 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS066813 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS067109 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS067915 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS069206 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS075110 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS075515 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS075902 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS076415 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS080409 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS088513 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS091905 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS101413 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS104002b Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS105605 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS110008 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS110815 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS111515 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS111704a Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS119908 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS132907 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS134601 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS141309 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS146606 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twsS147104b Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- twss1801 P-element activity 0 -- twsv158 P-element activity 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 14 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of tws Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion twsGD10742 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes twsGL00670 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes twsHMS01578 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes twsJF03141 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes twsKK100308 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes tws+tMa in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes twsdsRNA.1227-1998 in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes twsdsRNA.cKa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes twsHN142 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes twsNIG.6235R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes twsP1.Act5C.T:SV5\V5,T:Zzzz\His6 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes twsP2.Act5C.T:SV5\V5,T:Zzzz\His6 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes twsScer\UAS.cBa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes twsScer\UAS.cGa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3R)BSC38 (Andrade et al., 2003.7.4) Df(3R)BSC526 (Christensen et al., 2008.6.11) Df(3R)BSC621 (Cook et al., 2008.9.29) Df(3R)by10 (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) Df(3R)by62 (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-, Spradling et al., 1999, Uemura et al., 1993, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Deak et al., 1997) Df(3R)Exel6265 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Tp(3;2)by62 (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Not disrupted in	Df(3L)Cat (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-) Df(3L)W10 (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-) Df(3R)23D1 (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-) Df(3R)by10 (Spradling et al., 1999)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD10742} NA P{KK100308} NA P{NIG.6235R} NA P{TRiP.GL00670} NA P{TRiP.HMS01578} NA P{TRiP.JF03141} NA P{UAS-tws.B} NA P{UAS-tws.G} NA characterization construct P{HN137} NA P{twsHN142} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of enhancer trap P{lacW}l(3)SH001SH001 No P{lacW}S104002a No P{lacW}S111704b No P{lacW}S147104a No P{lacW}twsj11C8 No P{lacW}twss1801 No P{lacW}twsS022361 No P{lacW}twsS023013 No P{lacW}twsS023206 No P{lacW}twsS023309 No P{lacW}twsS023938 No P{lacW}twsS024455 No P{lacW}twsS024838 No P{lacW}twsS025806 No P{lacW}twsS025832 No P{lacW}twsS025913 No P{lacW}twsS026226 No P{lacW}twsS026326 No P{lacW}twsS027127 No P{lacW}twsS027313 No P{lacW}twsS028707 No P{lacW}twsS029110 No P{lacW}twsS029403 No P{lacW}twsS031006 No P{lacW}twsS032303 No P{lacW}twsS033903 No P{lacW}twsS042629 No P{lacW}twsS042630 No P{lacW}twsS043029 No P{lacW}twsS045519 No P{lacW}twsS046918 No P{lacW}twsS048006 No P{lacW}twsS048013 No P{lacW}twsS048507 No P{lacW}twsS049902 No P{lacW}twsS052810 No P{lacW}twsS053011 No P{lacW}twsS060804 No P{lacW}twsS061805 No P{lacW}twsS061915 No P{lacW}twsS063110 No P{lacW}twsS066017 No P{lacW}twsS066813 No P{lacW}twsS067915 No P{lacW}twsS075110 No P{lacW}twsS076415 No P{lacW}twsS080409 No P{lacW}twsS088513 No P{lacW}twsS091905 No P{lacW}twsS105605 No P{lacW}twsS110815 No P{lacW}twsS111515 No P{lacW}twsS119908 No P{lacW}twsS132907 No P{lacW}twsS141309 No P{lacW}twsS146606 No P{lArB}twsv158 No P{luc-sniffer}tws90-14 No P{PZ}tws01436 No P{PZ}tws02414 No P{PZ}tws03745a No P{PZ}tws04017 No P{PZ}tws06848 No miscellaneous insertions P{?lacW}tws47 NA P{?lacW}tws60 NA P{}twsaar-1 NA P{RS3}twsCB-5218-3 NA PBac{681.P.FSVS-1}twsCPTI001600 NA PBac{PB}twsc00138 NA PBac{PB}twsc01315 NA PBac{PB}twsc01484 NA PBac{PB}twsc02281 NA PBac{RB}twse01292 NA PBac{WH}twsf00061 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system P{GawB}twsNP5425 No insertion of mobile activating element P{XP}twsd03487 NA P{XP}twsd06849 NA P{XP}twsd07501 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 17 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 14 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
protein phosphatase type 2A regulator activity inferred from mutant phenotype (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1994)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
centrosome organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Dobbelaere et al., 2008) embryonic development via the syncytial blastoderm inferred from mutant phenotype (Perrimon et al., 1996) imaginal disc pattern formation inferred from mutant phenotype (Uemura et al., 1993) maintenance of neuroblast polarity inferred from mutant phenotype (Chabu and Doe, 2009) mitotic anaphase inferred from mutant phenotype (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) mitotic cell cycle inferred from mutant phenotype (Chen et al., 2007) negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation inferred from mutant phenotype (Chabu and Doe, 2009) regulation of mitosis inferred from mutant phenotype (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) sensory organ development inferred from mutant phenotype (Shiomi et al., 1994) Wnt receptor signaling pathway inferred from genetic interaction with dsh (Bajpai et al., 2004) inferred from genetic interaction with pan (Bajpai et al., 2004) inferred from genetic interaction with sgg (Bajpai et al., 2004) inferred from mutant phenotype (Bajpai et al., 2004)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasm inferred from direct assay (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1994, Chabu and Doe, 2009, Dobbelaere et al., 2008) microtubule associated complex inferred from direct assay (Hughes et al., 2008) nucleus inferred from direct assay (Chabu and Doe, 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 4 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
protein phosphatase type 2A regulator activity non-traceable author statement (Mayer-Jaekel, 1993.5.7, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1994.6.1) protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Uemura et al., 1993)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
protein dephosphorylation inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Uemura et al., 1993) non-traceable author statement (Mayer-Jaekel, 1993.5.7)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
protein phosphatase type 2A complex inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000009 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Uemura et al., 1993) non-traceable author statement (Mayer-Jaekel, 1993.5.7, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1994.6.1)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
tws - AR-2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Amun anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Arpc4 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Arpc5 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Art2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - B-H1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Bub1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG10496 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG10641 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG10958 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG12519 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG12818 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG13369 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG1492 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG15161 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG15236 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG15735 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG16815 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG1688 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG2469 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG2865 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG31288 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG31523 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG33229 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23, Guruharsha et al., 2011) tws - CG33514 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG43795 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG43897 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG4611 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG4813 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG4815 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG5255 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG5961 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG6178 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG6227 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG6453 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG6674 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG6701 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG6927 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG7033 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG7609 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG8173 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG8258 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG8630 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG8765 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG9005 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CG9947 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - CanB2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Cdc5 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Cdc6 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Cp1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Csp anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Diedel anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - EDTP anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Fmo-2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - GalNAc-T1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Gen anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Gs1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Gγ1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Hph anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Hsp23 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Hydr2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Imp anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Max anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Naam anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Nop56 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Ns1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Optix anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Pex14 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Pk17E anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Pp2A-29B anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Pten anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Rac1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - RasGAP1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - RluA-1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - RpS21 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Rrp46 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - SC35 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - SNCF anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Sdc anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Sk1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - SmG anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Spf45 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Ssl anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Su(var)2-10 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Syp anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - Upf1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - WASp anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - ana2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - ctp anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - dome anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - eIF4AIII anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - fd59A anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - fend anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - fu12 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - grk anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - kay anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - l(3)02640 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - lack anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - lkb1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - mRpL11 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - mRpL2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - mRpL21 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - mRpL39 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - mTerf3 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - msb1l anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - mts anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - shf anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - shtd anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - sina anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - slmb anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - tara anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - tsl anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - tyn anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - vri anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - wds anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) tws - wee anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions tws allele Gene References tws01436 arm (Greaves et al., 1999) twsj11C8 sgg (Bajpai et al., 2004) twsS061805 Cdc27 (Deak et al., 2003) unspecified Cdc27 (Deak, 1999.9.15) Egfr (Read et al., 2005) Ret (Read et al., 2005) shg (Greaves et al., 1999)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 71024 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0004889 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0004889 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 47877 SignaLink - A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores. • P36872
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (62) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6HMJVZ Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG69CQH0 Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG64J1DG Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6DR7TR Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6C5RBS
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6HMJVZ)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\tws     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD20732 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM26183 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG17299 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE24702 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF18135 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA19463 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL23674 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK11431 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ24420 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI22387 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH13410 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG69CQH0)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL014042   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP004502   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ012989
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG64J1DG)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\tws   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG002214   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH15239   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP19214   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO12424   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL22841   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH20415   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB24335   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV19868   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV13705   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI009741   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA010831   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM252360   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC012273
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6DR7TR)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\nifU   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW008442
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6C5RBS)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\sur-6   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_001296gn   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_003119gn   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_003120gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\ENSDARG00000053673   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\ENSDARG00000021996   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\BX470131.1   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\ppp2r2c   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\ppp2r2bb   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\ppp2r2ba   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\ppp2r2d   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\ENSXETG00000020864   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\ppp2r2d   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\ppp2r2c   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\ppp2r2a   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\PPP2R2B   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\PPP2R2A   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\PPP2R2C   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\PPP2R2D   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Ppp2r2c   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Ppp2r2d   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\ENSMUSG00000024500   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Ppp2r2a   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\ENSRNOG00000016940   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Ppp2r2a   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Ppp2r2b   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\ENSRNOG00000005452   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\PPP2R2B   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\PPP2R2A   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\ENSG00000074211   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\ENSG00000175470
Human Orthologs (4)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\PPP2R2B     Hsap\PPP2R2A     Hsap\ENSG00000074211     Hsap\ENSG00000175470
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD20732 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM26183 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG17299 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE24702 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF18135 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA19463 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL23674 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK11431 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ24420 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI22387 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH13410
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 15 )
Bloomington	38899 y1 v1; P{TRiP.GL00670}attP40/CyO 36689 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.HMS01578}attP2 28714 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF03141}attP2/TM3, Sb1
Harvard	- P{XP}twsd03487 - PBac{PB}twsc01315 - PBac{PB}twsc01484 - PBac{PB}twsc02281 - PBac{RB}twse01292 - PBac{WH}twsf00061
Kyoto	123511 w1118; P{RS3}twsCB-5218-3
VDRC	v104167 P{KK100308}VIE-260B v34340 w1118; P{GD10742}v34340
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR28B01 BACR39F04 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 179 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	AT16930 LD12394
Other clones	DPiM_LD12394
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT04854 AT22386 AT23584 GH11683 GH28839 GM08394 GM31008 HL01804 HL01840 LD03262 LD43046 RE01343 RE04309 RE17579 RE31837 RE52128 RE53165 RE60168 RE66660 RE72358 RH41581 SD20465 SD20892
Other clones	19433 31331 35373 61805 63011 64790 83306 97275 106966 107957 145635 146318 147424 148820 157050 178137 214501.32 524091 bs08e05 CK01.8A.D11 CK01.9A.H9 CK01.31C.D11 CK01.60B.A8 CK01.169A.E3 CK01.169C.E3 Dmel_dig_016260_0691_0720 Dmel_neb_011638_0911_1423 EC26755 EK027312 EK031952 EK063436 EK103518 EK103918 EK140253 EK146442 EK171503 EK180316 EK184613 EK185447 EK190151 EK192830 EK200733 EK217019 EK227001 EK232106 EK234170 EK235626 EK244431 EK248334 EK250549 EK252515 EK255024 EK260043 EK283240 EP05739 ESG011a.E21_G06 ESG0118a.B21_A06 FGM225H05 LD14078 RE34913 RE73279 RP003007299 RP003022722 RP003028980 RP003029249 RP003030312 RP003030887 RP003032941 RP003034496 RP003040915 RP003055603 RP003056546 RP003062485 RP003069769 RP003083319 RP003094876 RP003097545 RP003106543 RP003108008 RP003112293 RP003137949 RP003138356 RP003141728 RP003153627 RP003168673 RP003170410 RP003170932 RP003178028 RP003182391 RP003183460 RP003192867 RP003193510 RP003204499 RP003213478 RP003216853 RP003218045 RP003219345 RP003221936 RP003240283 RP003242107 RP003245590 RP003256964 RP003259919 RP003278398 RP003280665 RP003282057 RP003286406 RP003312978 RP003313042 RP003315740 RP003319134 RP003321084 RP003322906 RP003325129 RP003327715 RP003331418 RP003338047 RP003339179 RP003340414 RP003349102 RP003350407 RP003359922 RP003364395 RP003366898 RP003418313 RP003420979 RP003426078 RP003435082 RP003455315 RP003459688 RP003481046 RP003489396 RP003493257 RP003502058 RP003516125 RP003534461 RP003541025 RP003570310 RP003570569 RP003580717 RP003582678 RP003607328 RP003608878 RP003623628 RP003637677 RP003640043 RP003642300 RP003644897 RP003647910 RP003656382 RP003669073 RP003671066 RP004245112
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0004889 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 47877
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1994, Uemura et al., 1993, Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1994) polyclonal antibody (Bajpai et al., 2004)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: l(3)S061805 l(3)S022361 l(3)S022440 l(3)S023013 (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-) Source for merge of: l(3)S061805 l(3)S023206 l(3)S024838 l(3)S025806 (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-) Source for merge of: l(3)S061805 l(3)S023309 l(3)S023938 l(3)S024455 (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-) Source for merge of: l(3)S061805 l(3)S024834a l(3)S029701a l(3)S032708c (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-) Source for merge of: l(3)S061805 l(3)S025832 l(3)S025913 l(3)S026226 (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-) Source for merge of: l(3)S061805 l(3)S026326 l(3)S027127 l(3)S141309 (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-) Source for merge of: l(3)S061805 l(3)S027313 l(3)S028707 l(3)S029110 (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-) Source for merge of: l(3)S061805 l(3)S029403 l(3)S031006 l(3)S132907 (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-) Source for merge of: l(3)S061805 l(3)S032303 l(3)S033903 l(3)S042629 (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-) Source for merge of: l(3)S061805 l(3)S035505b l(3)S043008b (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-) Source for merge of: l(3)S061805 l(3)S042630 l(3)S043029 l(3)S119908 (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-) Source for merge of: l(3)S061805 l(3)S045519 l(3)S046918 l(3)S048006 (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-) Source for merge of: l(3)S061805 l(3)S048013 l(3)S048507 l(3)S111515 (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-) Source for merge of: l(3)S061805 l(3)S049902 l(3)S052810 l(3)S053011 (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-) Source for merge of: l(3)S061805 l(3)S060203 l(3)S067109b l(3)S069206a (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-) Source for merge of: l(3)S061805 l(3)S060804 l(3)S061915 l(3)S110815 (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-) Source for merge of: l(3)S061805 l(3)S063110 l(3)S066017 l(3)S066813 (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-) Source for merge of: l(3)S061805 l(3)S067915 l(3)S075110 l(3)S105605 (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-) Source for merge of: l(3)S061805 l(3)S075515b l(3)S022205b l(3)S023141a (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-) Source for merge of: l(3)S061805 l(3)S075902b l(3)S101413b l(3)S110008a (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-) Source for merge of: l(3)S061805 l(3)S076415 l(3)S080409 l(3)S088513 (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-) Source for merge of: l(3)S061805 l(3)S134601a l(3)S146606 l(3)S091905 (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-) Source for merge of: tws CG6235 (Bayraktaroglu, 2000.4.13) Source for merge of: tws l(3)S061805 (Deak et al., 2003)
Additional comments
Other Comments
	tws is required for efficient recruitment of pericentriolar material. (Dobbelaere et al., 2008) tws is required for the stabilization of arm in response to wg signaling. (Bajpai et al., 2004) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology. (Kiger et al., 2003) Identification: Enhancer trap expression pattern survey for loci expressed in the ring gland. (Harvie et al., 1998) Identification: Enhancer trap screen designed to discover genes involved in the cellular aspects of defense mechanisms, as well as in melanotic tumor formation processes linked to blood cell disregulation. (Braun et al., 1997) tws is involved in the control of cell division. (Omel'yanchuk et al., 1997) The autosomal "FLP-DFS" technique (using the P{ovoD1-18} P{FRT(whs)} P{hsFLP} chromosomes) has been used to identify the specific maternal effect phenotype for the zygotic lethal mutation. (Perrimon et al., 1996) Mutant alleles are pupal lethal and cause pattern duplication in imaginal discs. (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) The modulation of the phosphatase activity by the B subunit of type 2A protein phosphatase encoded by tws is crucial for specification of neural cell identity. (Shiomi et al., 1994) Mutations cause abnormalities in mitosis, both in the early embryo and in the larval brain. (Gomes et al., 1993) This locus encodes protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit. Mutants display intact lagging chromatids that have undergone separation from their sisters, but that remain at the position formerly occupied by the metaphase plate, as well as anaphase figures that show bridging chromatin having two centromeric regions. (Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) tws mutants display a mirror image duplication of parts of the imaginal wing disc suggesting that regulation of protein phosphatase activity may play a critical role in the specification of imaginal disc patterns. (Uemura et al., 1993) The tws gene product is a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A), one of the major classes of serine/threonine phosphatases. (Uemura et al., 1993) tws is an essential gene required during embryogenesis and late larval development. (Gomes et al., 1992) Mutant alleles of tws are pupal lethal that display abnormal pattern formation in imaginal discs. tws gene product is highly homologous to the mammalian B subunits of protein phosphatase 2A. (Uemura et al., 1992)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_057532 NM_057533 NM_134284 NM_134285 NM_134286 NM_169329 NM_169330 NM_169331 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_476880 NP_476881 NP_599111 NP_599112 NP_599113 NP_731451 NP_731452 NP_731453 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA438587 AA439494 AAA99870 AAA99871 AAB00371 AAB00372 AAF54498 AAF54499 AAL28700 AAN13455 AAN13456 AAN13457 AAN13458 AAN13459 AAN13460 AC009183 AI945059 AW942232 AY061152 BAA02367 BG638058 CZ467068 CZ467203 CZ467204 CZ467830 CZ467831 CZ473394 CZ475394 CZ475775 CZ479098 CZ479099 D13004 G00588 G01405 L07581 L07583 L07585 L07586 L12544 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 47877 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P36872
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain (IPR015943) Protein phosphatase 2A, regulatory subunit PR55, conserved site (IPR018067) WD40-repeat-containing domain (IPR017986) Protein phosphatase 2A, regulatory subunit PR55 (IPR000009) WD40 repeat (IPR001680)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 71024 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0004889 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0004889 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0004889 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0004889 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG6235-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0004889 FlyReactome - A curated knowledgebase of Drosophila melanogaster pathways • 84112 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 47877 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /dbzhnsky/twins1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 47877 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0004889 SignaLink - A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores. • P36872
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 100 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	1466/06 (Deak et al., 1997) 2414 (Harvie et al., 1998) aar (Lebedeva et al., 2003, Herrmann et al., 1999, Omel'yanchuk et al., 1997, Mayer-Jaekel and Hemmings, 1994, Chubykin and Omelyanchuk, 1997, Chubykin et al., 1997, Craig and Brink, 1996, Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1994, Williams and Goldberg, 1994, Gomes et al., 1993, Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993, Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993, Gomes et al., 1992, Lebedeva et al., 2003, Lebedeva et al., 2000) B/PR55 (Janssens and Goris, 2001) CG6235 (Wang et al., 2009, Stempfl et al., 2002, Coulier et al., 2000, Nybakken et al., 2005, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Dobbelaere et al., 2008, Jia et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Hughes et al., 2008, Derré et al., 2007, Ni et al., 2010.12.1) dPP2A (Merrow, 2006) dPP2A-Bα (Bielinski and Mumby, 2007) DPR55 (Mayer-Jaekel and Hemmings, 1995) dPR55 (Li et al., 2002) l(3)01436   l(3)02414 (Braun et al., 1997, Perrimon et al., 1996, ) l(3)j11C8   l(3)s1801   l(3)S022205b   l(3)S022361   l(3)S022440   l(3)S023013   l(3)S023141a   l(3)S023206   l(3)S023309   l(3)S023938   l(3)S024455   l(3)S024834a   l(3)S024838   l(3)S025806   l(3)S025832   l(3)S025913   l(3)S026226   l(3)S026326   l(3)S027127   l(3)S027313   l(3)S028707   l(3)S029110   l(3)S029403   l(3)S029701a   l(3)S031006   l(3)S032303   l(3)S032708c   l(3)S033903   l(3)S035505b   l(3)S042629   l(3)S042630   l(3)S043008b   l(3)S043029   l(3)S045519   l(3)S046918   l(3)S048006   l(3)S048013   l(3)S048507   l(3)S049902 (Read et al., 2005, ) l(3)S052810   l(3)S053011   l(3)S060203   l(3)S060804   l(3)S061805 (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-, ) l(3)S061915   l(3)S063110   l(3)S066017   l(3)S066813   l(3)S067109b   l(3)S067915   l(3)S069206a   l(3)S075110   l(3)S075515b   l(3)S075902b   l(3)S076415   l(3)S080409   l(3)S088513   l(3)S091905   l(3)S101413b   l(3)S105605   l(3)S110008a   l(3)S110815   l(3)S111515   l(3)S119908   l(3)S132907   l(3)S134601a   l(3)S141309   l(3)S146606   PP2A (Kyriacou and Odell, 2004, Bennett et al., 2003, Bennett et al., 1999, Nam et al., 2007, Fang et al., 2007, Nowak et al., 2003, Bose et al., 2008, Su et al., 2008, Nam et al., 2007, Yeh et al., 2010) PP2a (Yu and Hardin, 2006) Pp2A-85F   PP2AB (Kotadia et al., 2008) PR55 (Wang et al., 2009, Millward et al., 1999, Mayer-Jaekel and Hemmings, 1994, Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1994, Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1993) tw (Jan and Jan, 1994) tws (Wang et al., 2009, Nowak et al., 2003, Chen et al., 2007, Nybakken et al., 2005, Christensen et al., 2008.6.11, Choi et al., 2007, Cook et al., 2008.9.29, Krahn et al., 2009, Kim et al., 2012, Su et al., 2011, Batut et al., 2008, Cai et al., 2008, Dobbelaere et al., 2008, Moazzen et al., 2009, Schuldiner et al., 2008, Yang et al., 2008, Korcsmáros et al., 2011, Kotadia et al., 2008, Wang et al., 2011, Bielinski and Mumby, 2007, Derré et al., 2007, Bánréti et al., 2012, Abruzzi et al., 2011, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21) Tws (Krahn et al., 2009, Jia et al., 2009, Yeh et al., 2010, Brownlee et al., 2011) tws/aar (Deak et al., 2003) v158 (Lebedeva et al., 2000)
Name Synonym	abnormal anaphase resolution   phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa (Mayer-Jaekel, 1996.5.17, Mayer-Jaekel, 1996.5.14, Mayer-Jaekel, 1996.5.14, Mayer-Jaekel, 1993.5.7) PP2A regulatory subunit (Jia et al., 2009) PP2A regulatory subunit Twins (Nie et al., 2009) protein phosphatase 2A (Bose et al., 2008, Nam et al., 2007, Yeh et al., 2010) protein phosphatase 2a (Yu and Hardin, 2006) Protein phosphatase 2A at 85F   protein phosphatase type 2A (Nowak et al., 2003) regulatory B subunit of type 2A protein phosphatase (Shiomi et al., 1994) twins (Uemura, 1992, Mayer-Jaekel et al., 1994, Polakis, 2007, Mudiganti et al., 2010, Kim et al., 2012, Tadros et al., 2007, Chabu and Doe, 2009, Moazzen et al., 2009, Wang et al., 2004, Mummery-Widmer et al., 2009, Kotadia et al., 2008, Yeh et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2011, Fisher et al., 2008, Kaplow et al., 2007, Bánréti et al., 2012) Twins (Li et al., 2002, Choi et al., 2007)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0004906 FBgn0010249 FBgn0010748 FBgn0010780 FBgn0011012 FBgn0011434 FBgn0028118 FBgn0037791 FBgn0060325 FBgn0060355 FBgn0060382 FBgn0060393 FBgn0060451 FBgn0060476 FBgn0060482 FBgn0060490 FBgn0060503 FBgn0060530 FBgn0060599 FBgn0060620 FBgn0060667 FBgn0060680 FBgn0060683 FBgn0060685 FBgn0060686 FBgn0060717 FBgn0060727 FBgn0060736 FBgn0060738 FBgn0060744 FBgn0060764 FBgn0060771 FBgn0060777 FBgn0060782 FBgn0060814 FBgn0060817 FBgn0060835 FBgn0060851 FBgn0060857 FBgn0060858 FBgn0060872 FBgn0060877 FBgn0060907 FBgn0060908 FBgn0060915 FBgn0060916 FBgn0060954 FBgn0060957 FBgn0060959 FBgn0060962 FBgn0060965 FBgn0060971 FBgn0060972 FBgn0060974 FBgn0060977 FBgn0060995 FBgn0060996 FBgn0061006 FBgn0061008 FBgn0061016 FBgn0061017 FBgn0061018 FBgn0061025 FBgn0061026 FBgn0061030 FBgn0061036 FBgn0061050 FBgn0061051 FBgn0061053 FBgn0061055 FBgn0061059 FBgn0061060 FBgn0061062
References ( 149 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 149 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 74 ) Supplementary material  ( 8 ) Review  ( 18 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 23 ) Abstract  ( 12 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 3 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 5 ) Letter  ( 1 ) Stock list  ( 2 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 )
Recent research papers ( 9 )
	Bánréti et al., 2012, Autophagy 8(4): 623--636 PP2A regulates autophagy in two alternative ways in Drosophila. [FBrf0219207] Kim et al., 2012, Genetics 191(4): 1181--1197 Bypassing the Greatwall-Endosulfine Pathway: Plasticity of a Pivotal Cell-Cycle Regulatory Module in Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. [FBrf0219186] Abruzzi et al., 2011, Genes Dev. 25(22): 2374--2386 Drosophila CLOCK target gene characterization: implications for circadian tissue-specific gene expression. [FBrf0216798] Brownlee et al., 2011, J. Cell Biol. 195(2): 231--243 The Protein Phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit Twins stabilizes Plk4 to induce centriole amplification. [FBrf0217352] Korcsmáros et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(5): e19240 Signalogs: orthology-based identification of novel signaling pathway components in three metazoans. [FBrf0213696] Rangone et al., 2011, PLoS Genet. 7(8): e1002225 Suppression of Scant Identifies Endos as a Substrate of Greatwall Kinase and a Negative Regulator of Protein Phosphatase 2A in Mitosis. [FBrf0214749] Su et al., 2011, Sci. Signal. 4(180): ra43 Sequential phosphorylation of smoothened transduces graded hedgehog signaling. [FBrf0216577] Wang et al., 2011, PLoS Genet. 7(8): e1002227 PP2A-Twins Is Antagonized by Greatwall and Collaborates with Polo for Cell Cycle Progression and Centrosome Attachment to Nuclei in Drosophila Embryos. [FBrf0214683] Wang et al., 2011, J. Biol. Chem. 286(24): 21742--21754 Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 12 (SCA12). [FBrf0213866] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...